CN118491865A - Soybean sieving mechanism - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a screening device, and specifically discloses a soybean screening device, which is used to solve the problem of poor screening effect in the prior art; the device comprises a storage box for loading soybeans, a fixed vertical plate for supporting the storage box is provided on the outer side of the storage box, and an intermittent feeding mechanism is provided at the lower port of the storage box. The present invention is designed according to the existing needs, and can intermittently feed soybeans to avoid the problem of excessive concentration of soybeans, thereby ensuring the screening quality, completing the wind selection operation of the soybeans in the process of the soybeans falling, removing the dust therein, and reducing the dust pollution generated by the screening operation, and can also guide the soybeans, and the soybean feed is dispersed during the guiding process, which is helpful for the later drum screening process.

Description

Soybean screening device

Technical Field

The invention relates to a screening device, in particular to a soybean screening device.

Background Art

At present, oil refineries use soybeans to process into vegetable edible oil. After the soybeans are grown and mature, they are harvested and dried, and then the soybeans and soybean stalks are separated and screened to ensure the quality of the soybeans. In order to replace the traditional manual screening, screening equipment is now provided for screening, but the screen in the existing screening equipment is prone to clogging. For example, the existing patent announcement number CN111229595B discloses a soybean screening device, which can realize the left and right movement screening operation of the screening box when working, and realize the left and right swing function of the screening box, thereby facilitating the flipping of the soybeans in the screening box. The rotating rod drives the flip blade to rotate, and the soybeans flipped back and forth can be scattered, which is conducive to further screening operations.

However, when the above equipment is screening, a large amount of soybeans will accumulate at the screening position. Although it can swing, too much soybean covering the screening net is still not conducive to screening, and small particles of impurities cannot be removed during the screening process.

Summary of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a soybean screening device to solve the problem of poor soybean screening effect in the prior art.

To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

A soybean screening device comprises a storage box for loading soybeans, a fixed vertical plate for supporting the storage box is provided on the outside of the storage box, an intermittent feeding mechanism is provided at the lower port of the storage box, the intermittent feeding mechanism can avoid the problem of too many soybeans being screened at a single time, and the screening quality is ensured, a wind selection mechanism for performing a first screening of the soybeans is provided below the storage box, a guiding mechanism is provided below the wind selection mechanism, and a drum screen mechanism for performing a second screening of the soybeans is provided at the end of the guiding mechanism.

On the basis of the above technical solution, the present invention also provides the following optional technical solution:

In an optional solution: the intermittent feeding mechanism includes a cylindrical inner cavity arranged at the lower port position of the storage box, a feeding roller is arranged in the cylindrical inner cavity, a feeding groove for filling soybeans is arranged on the surface of the feeding roller, and a driving motor for driving the feeding roller to rotate is arranged on the outside of the storage box.

In an optional scheme: the air separation mechanism includes a vertically arranged vertical air separation cylinder, an intermediate bucket for receiving materials is provided at the upper end of the vertical air separation cylinder, the air inlet end of the vertical air separation cylinder is connected to a blowing channel, the exhaust end of the vertical air separation cylinder is connected to a slag discharge channel, the blowing channel and the end face of the slag discharge channel are coaxially arranged, a blowing shaft is rotatably provided in the blowing channel, the blowing shaft is provided with fan blades for promoting the discharge of gas along the slag discharge channel, the blowing shaft is rotatably arranged on a fixed base plate, a second pulley is provided at the end of the blowing shaft, the second pulley is connected to the first pulley through a first transmission belt, the first pulley is arranged at the end of a discharge shaft, the discharge shaft is connected and fixed to the end of a discharge roller, the discharge shaft is rotatably connected to the fixed base plate, the vertical air separation cylinder is also provided with a breaking unit for breaking up the fallen soybeans, and a dust filter cover for filtering is detachably provided at the end of the slag discharge channel.

In an optional solution: two fan blades are provided, one is located in the air blowing channel, and the other is located in the slag discharge channel.

In an optional solution: the breaking unit includes a floating dispersion grid slidably arranged on the inner wall of a vertical air separation cylinder, the lower end of the floating dispersion grid is rotatably connected to the upper end of a floating connecting rod, the floating connecting rod is provided with a driving pin, the driving pin is slidably matched with an elliptical guide groove on the side of a floating wheel, and the elliptical guide groove is an elliptical structure.

In an optional scheme: the guiding mechanism includes an inclined feed guide plate, the tail end of the feed guide plate is connected to the vibration slide bar, the upper end of the vibration slide bar slides through the vibration guide sleeve on the outside of the storage box, the upper end of the vibration guide sleeve is fixed to the top of the vibration slide bar by a vibration spring, a floating push plate is horizontally provided on the outside of the vibration slide bar, the floating push plate extends to above the unloading shaft, a vibration push wheel is coaxially provided on the unloading shaft, a plurality of circular notches are distributed in an array on the outside of the vibration push wheel, a rotating side wheel is rotatably provided at the position of each circular notch, and the position of the rotating side wheel corresponds to the position of the floating push plate.

In an optional scheme: the drum screen mechanism includes a screening shell, a mounting through-hole penetrates the side of the screening shell, a rotating ring seat is rotatably provided in the mounting through-hole, a reciprocating rotating cylinder is rotatably provided in the rotating ring seat, one end of the reciprocating rotating cylinder is high and the other end is low, and at least two screening areas with different apertures are distributed on the reciprocating rotating cylinder, which is convenient for screening different types of soybeans, and an adjustment unit is provided on the rotating ring seat to drive the reciprocating rotating cylinder to rotate to switch the position of the screening area, and a plurality of material turning inclined bars are distributed in an array on the inner wall of the reciprocating rotating cylinder, and the cross-section of the material turning inclined bars is a fan-shaped structure, a first material receiving hopper for aggregate is provided at the lower end of the screening shell, and a second material receiving hopper for aggregate is provided at the end of the reciprocating rotating cylinder, and the rotating ring seat is connected to a reciprocating drive unit for driving it to rotate back and forth.

In an optional scheme: the reciprocating drive unit includes a horizontally arranged rocking shaft, a fourth pulley is provided at one end of the rocking shaft, the fourth pulley is connected to the third pulley through a second transmission belt, the third pulley is coaxially arranged on the blowing shaft, the fourth pulley is rotatably arranged on the shaft frame, a rocking wheel is fixedly provided at the other end of the fourth pulley, the rocking wheel is connected to one end of a rocking connecting rod at an eccentric position, the other end of the rocking connecting rod is rotatably connected to the outer side of a piston cylinder, the piston block in the piston cylinder is connected to the rocking connecting rod, and the other end of the rocking connecting rod is connected to the outer side of a rotating ring seat.

In an optional scheme: a one-way air inlet nozzle is provided on the outside of the piston cylinder, the one-way exhaust end of the piston cylinder is connected with the cache air box through an air guide pipe, the exhaust end of the cache air box is connected with the air inlet end of the back-blowing air pipe, the back-blowing air pipe is arranged on the inner wall of the screening shell on one side of the reciprocating rotating cylinder, a clearing brush for cleaning the surface of the reciprocating rotating cylinder is provided on the side of the back-blowing air pipe, a plurality of back-blowing nozzles for exhausting air toward the reciprocating rotating cylinder are provided on the surface of the back-blowing air pipe, and a pressure limiting valve is provided at the exhaust position of the back-blowing nozzle.

In an optional solution: the adjustment unit includes an adjustment motor fixedly arranged on the outside of the rotating ring seat, a driving gear is provided at the output end of the adjustment motor, and a driven gear ring meshing with the driving gear is provided on the outside of the reciprocating rotating cylinder.

Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

1. The present invention is designed according to existing needs, and can intermittently feed soybeans to avoid the problem of excessive concentration of soybeans, thereby ensuring the screening quality. The soybeans can be air-selected during the falling process to remove dust therein, thereby reducing dust pollution generated by the screening operation. In addition, the soybeans can be guided, and the soybean feed can be dispersed during the guiding process, which is helpful for the later drum screening process.

2. During the drum screening process, full soybeans can be screened out. During screening, the reciprocating drum can be rotated back and forth, and the material can be lifted by the turning and oblique bars at the same time, which further improves the screening effect. During the screening process, the outside of the screening area can also be scraped and back-blown to avoid the problem of filter hole blockage and ensure the screening quality. The back-blowing airflow generated here is based on the reciprocating driving force, which makes the overall structure more compact and does not require additional blowing power.

3. The present invention can adjust the screening diameter as needed to meet the screening operations of different types of soybeans, thereby improving the adaptability of the product.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of one side of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of another side of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the lower structure of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of A in FIG. 3 of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure B in FIG. 4 of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the back-blowing air pipe structure of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the piston cylinder structure of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the piston cylinder of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the intermediate bucket of the present invention.

FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of the dust filter cover and floating connecting rod structure of the present invention.

FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the reciprocating rotating drum of the present invention.

Reference numerals: screening housing 100, screening area 101, first receiving hopper 102, tilting bar 103, reciprocating rotating cylinder 104, second receiving hopper 105, feeding guide plate 106, regulating motor 108, driving gear 107, driven gear ring 109, rotating ring seat 110;

The middle bucket 201, the vertical air separation cylinder 202, the slag discharge channel 203, the air blowing channel 204, the dust filter cover 205, the floating connecting rod 206, the elliptical guide groove 207, the floating wheel 208, and the floating dispersion grid 209;

Driving motor 301, storage box 302, piston cylinder 303, swing connecting rod 304, swing wheel 305, swing shaft 306, back-blowing air pipe 307, clearing brush 308, back-blowing nozzle 309, unloading roller 310, unloading groove 311, air guide pipe 312, buffer air box 313;

Vibration spring 401, vibration guide sleeve 402, floating push plate 403, vibration push wheel 404, unloading shaft 405, first pulley 406, fixed base plate 407, first transmission belt 408, blowing shaft 409, second pulley 410, third pulley 411, vibration slide bar 412, fixed vertical plate 413, fourth pulley 414, second transmission belt 415, rotating side wheel 416.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

As shown in FIGS. 1 to 12 , an embodiment of the present invention provides a soybean screening device, including a storage box 302 for loading soybeans, a fixed vertical plate 413 for supporting the storage box 302 is provided on the outside of the storage box 302, an intermittent feeding mechanism is provided at the lower port of the storage box 302, and the problem of too much soybeans screened at a single time can be avoided by the intermittent feeding mechanism, thereby ensuring the screening quality, a wind selection mechanism for performing a first screening of the soybeans is provided below the storage box 302, a guide mechanism is provided below the wind selection mechanism, and a drum screen mechanism for performing a second screening of the soybeans is provided at the end of the guide mechanism, and the soybeans processed by the wind selection mechanism are sent into the drum screen mechanism through the guide mechanism to complete the second screening operation, thereby ensuring the processing quality;

The intermittent unloading mechanism includes a cylindrical inner cavity arranged at the lower port of the storage box 302, a unloading roller 310 is arranged in the cylindrical inner cavity, a unloading groove 311 for filling soybeans is arranged on the surface of the unloading roller 310, and a driving motor 301 for driving the unloading roller 310 to rotate is arranged on the outer side of the storage box 302. Driven by the driving motor 301, the unloading roller 310 will rotate, and when the unloading groove 311 rotates to the upper side, the soybeans in the storage box 302 will be filled into the unloading groove 311. As the unloading roller 310 rotates, when the unloading groove 311 rotates to the lower side, the soybeans filled in the unloading groove 311 will pour out, completing a single unloading;

The air separation mechanism includes a vertical air separation cylinder 202 arranged vertically, an intermediate bucket 201 for receiving materials is provided at the upper end of the vertical air separation cylinder 202, an air inlet end of the vertical air separation cylinder 202 is connected to a blowing channel 204, and an exhaust end of the vertical air separation cylinder 202 is connected to a slag discharge channel 203, the blowing channel 204 and the end faces of the slag discharge channel 203 are coaxially arranged, a blowing shaft 409 is rotatably provided in the blowing channel 204, and a fan blade for promoting the discharge of gas along the slag discharge channel 203 is provided on the blowing shaft 409, the blowing shaft 409 is rotatably arranged on a fixed base plate 407, a second pulley 410 is provided at the end of the blowing shaft 409, the second pulley 410 is connected to the first pulley 406 through a first transmission belt 408, the first pulley 406 is arranged at the end of a discharge shaft 405, and the discharge shaft 40 5 is connected and fixed to the end of the unloading roller 310, and the unloading shaft 405 is rotatably connected to the fixed base plate 407. When the intermittent unloading mechanism is working, the unloading roller 310 will drive the unloading shaft 405 to rotate, and the unloading shaft 405 will drive the first pulley 406 to rotate, and the first pulley 406 drives the second pulley 410 to rotate through the first transmission belt 408, and the second pulley 410 drives the fan blade to rotate, so as to suck away the small dust impurities in the soybeans. The end of the slag discharge channel 203 is detachably provided with a dust filter cover 205 for filtering, and the dust filter cover 205 can be removed and cleaned later. The vertical air separation cylinder 202 is also provided with a scattering unit for scattering the fallen soybeans, and the scattering unit can scatter the soybeans. The suction force generated in the slag discharge channel 203 will suck away the loose small and medium particles of the falling soybeans, and then the impurities will be collected by the dust filter cover 205;

The fan blades are provided with two, one located in the air blowing channel 204 and the other located in the slag discharge channel 203, so as to better absorb the dust in the soybeans;

The dispersing unit includes a floating dispersing grid 209 slidably arranged on the inner wall of the vertical air separation cylinder 202, the lower end of the floating dispersing grid 209 is rotatably connected to the upper end of the floating connecting rod 206, the floating connecting rod 206 is provided with a driving pin, the driving pin is slidably matched with the elliptical guide groove 207 on the side of the floating wheel 208, the elliptical guide groove 207 is an elliptical structure, and the floating wheel 208 is fixedly arranged on the blowing shaft 409, so that when the blowing shaft 409 rotates, the elliptical guide groove 207 on the side of the floating wheel 208 will generate a driving force on the floating connecting rod 206 through the driving pin, thereby pulling the floating dispersing grid 209 to float up and down along the inner wall of the vertical air separation cylinder 202, so that the soybeans entering the vertical air separation cylinder 202 are dispersed, which helps to improve the effect of air separation:

The guiding mechanism includes an inclined feed guide plate 106, the tail of which is connected to a vibration slide bar 412, the upper end of which slides through a vibration guide sleeve 402 outside the storage box 302, the upper end of which is connected and fixed to the top of the vibration slide bar 412 by a vibration spring 401, a floating push plate 403 is horizontally arranged outside the vibration slide bar 412, the floating push plate 403 extends to above a feed feed shaft 405, a vibration push wheel 404 is coaxially arranged on the feed feed shaft 405, and an array of There are multiple circular notches, and a rotating side wheel 416 is rotatably provided at the position of each circular notch. The position of the rotating side wheel 416 corresponds to the position of the floating push plate 403. When the unloading shaft 405 rotates, the vibrating push wheel 404 will rotate together. The rotating side wheel 416 outside the vibrating push wheel 404 will generate intermittent driving force on the floating push plate 403, so that the vibrating slide bar 412 floats up and down along the vibrating guide sleeve 402, so that the feed guide plate 106 will rise and fall with the vibrating slide bar 412, and the soybeans falling into the feed guide plate 106 will be more discrete, which is helpful for the later screening operation;

The drum screen mechanism includes a screening shell 100, a mounting through-hole is penetrated on the side of the screening shell 100, a rotating ring seat 110 is rotatably provided in the mounting through-hole, a reciprocating rotating cylinder 104 is rotatably provided in the rotating ring seat 110, one end of the reciprocating rotating cylinder 104 is high and the other end is low, and at least two screening areas 101 with different apertures are distributed on the reciprocating rotating cylinder 104, so that it is convenient to screen different types of soybeans, and an adjusting unit is provided on the rotating ring seat 110 to drive the reciprocating rotating cylinder 104 to rotate to switch the position of the screening area 101, and a plurality of material turning inclined strips 103 are distributed in an array on the inner wall of the reciprocating rotating cylinder 104, The cross section of the turning inclined strip 103 is a fan-shaped structure, so that when the reciprocating rotating drum 104 reciprocates, the soybeans inside it can be scattered, and the inclined surface structure of the turning inclined strip 103 can make the soybeans rise up, which is helpful to improve the screening effect. The lower end of the screening shell 100 is provided with a first receiving hopper 102 for collecting materials, and the end of the reciprocating rotating drum 104 is provided with a second receiving hopper 105 for collecting materials. The rotating ring seat 110 is connected to a reciprocating drive unit for driving its reciprocating rotation. The reciprocating drive unit can make the rotating ring seat 110 and the reciprocating rotating drum 104 reciprocate, so that the soybeans inside are in a shaking state, thereby improving the screening effect.

The reciprocating drive unit includes a horizontally arranged swing shaft 306, a fourth pulley 414 is provided at one end of the swing shaft 306, the fourth pulley 414 is connected to the third pulley 411 through a second transmission belt 415, the third pulley 411 is coaxially arranged on the blowing shaft 409, the fourth pulley 414 is rotatably arranged on the shaft frame, a swing wheel 305 is fixedly provided at the other end of the fourth pulley 414, the swing wheel 305 is eccentrically connected to one end of the swing connecting rod 304, the other end of the swing connecting rod 304 is rotatably connected to the outer side of the piston cylinder 303, and the piston block in the piston cylinder 303 is connected to the swing connecting rod 304. The third pulley 411 drives the fourth pulley 414 to rotate through the second transmission belt 415, and the fourth pulley 414 drives the swing wheel 305 to rotate through the swing shaft 306, and the swing wheel 305 drives the swing connecting rod 304 to rotate. Since the swing connecting rod 304 is rotationally connected to the piston cylinder 303, and the piston cylinder 303 is slidingly connected to the swing connecting rod, when the swing connecting rod 304 rotates with the swing wheel 305, the rotating ring seat 110 can be driven to reciprocate, thereby providing power for the reciprocating rotation of the rotating ring seat 110;

The piston cylinder 303 is provided with a one-way air inlet nozzle on the outside, and the one-way exhaust end of the piston cylinder 303 is connected to the buffer air box 313 through the air guide pipe 312, and the exhaust end of the buffer air box 313 is connected to the air inlet end of the back-blowing air pipe 307. The back-blowing air pipe 307 is arranged on the inner wall of the screening shell 100 on one side of the reciprocating rotating cylinder 104, and the side of the back-blowing air pipe 307 is provided with a clearing brush 308 for cleaning the surface of the reciprocating rotating cylinder 104. The surface of the back-blowing air pipe 307 is provided with a plurality of back-blowing nozzles 309 for exhausting air toward the reciprocating rotating cylinder 104. By back-blowing the screening area 101, the soybeans blocked in the filter hole position are removed to achieve anti-blocking operation. The exhaust position of the back-blowing nozzle 309 is provided with a pressure limiting valve, so that a certain pressure can be stored in the back-blowing air pipe 307, so that the ejected gas has a certain high pressure, and the hole cleaning operation is better completed;

The adjusting unit includes an adjusting motor 108 fixedly arranged on the outside of a rotating ring seat 110, a driving gear 107 is provided at the output end of the adjusting motor 108, and a driven gear ring 109 meshing with the driving gear 107 is provided on the outside of the reciprocating rotating cylinder 104. Under the drive of the adjusting motor 108, the driving gear 107 matches the driven gear ring 109, thereby driving the reciprocating rotating cylinder 104 to rotate, so that the position of the corresponding screening area 101 can be adjusted.

Working principle: In actual use, the soybeans to be screened are poured into the storage box 302, and the intermittent unloading mechanism starts working. Driven by the driving motor 301, the unloading roller 310 will rotate. When the unloading groove 311 rotates to the upper side, the soybeans in the storage box 302 will be filled into the unloading groove 311. As the unloading roller 310 rotates and the unloading groove 311 rotates to the bottom, the soybeans filled in the unloading groove 311 will pour out, completing a single unloading.

The unloaded soybeans will be preliminarily processed by the winnowing mechanism. During the processing, when the blowing shaft 409 rotates, the elliptical guide groove 207 on the side of the floating wheel 208 will generate a driving force on the floating connecting rod 206 through the driving pin, thereby pulling the floating dispersion grid 209 to float up and down along the inner wall of the vertical winnowing cylinder 202, so that the soybeans entering the vertical winnowing cylinder 202 are scattered, which helps to improve the effect of winnowing. The unloading roller 310 will drive the unloading shaft 405 to rotate, and the unloading shaft 405 will drive the first pulley 406 to rotate. The first pulley 406 drives the second pulley 410 to rotate through the first transmission belt 408, and the second pulley 410 drives the fan blades to rotate, thereby sucking away small dust impurities in the soybeans, and the sucked impurities will be collected by the dust filter cover 205;

When the unloading shaft 405 rotates, the vibrating push wheel 404 will rotate together, and the rotating side wheel 416 outside the vibrating push wheel 404 will generate intermittent driving force on the floating push plate 403, so that the vibrating slide bar 412 will float up and down along the vibrating guide sleeve 402, so that the feed guide plate 106 will rise and fall with the vibrating slide bar 412, and the soybeans falling into the feed guide plate 106 will be more discrete, which is helpful for the later screening operation;

Under the guidance of the feed guide plate 106, the soybeans will enter the reciprocating rotating cylinder 104. When the blowing shaft 409 rotates, the third pulley 411 drives the fourth pulley 414 to rotate through the second transmission belt 415. The fourth pulley 414 drives the swing wheel 305 to rotate through the swing shaft 306. The swing wheel 305 drives the swing connecting rod 304 to rotate. Since the swing connecting rod 304 is rotatably connected with the piston cylinder 303, and the piston cylinder 303 is slidably connected with the swing connecting rod, when the swing connecting rod 304 rotates with the swing wheel 305, it can drive the rotating ring seat 110 to reciprocate. When the reciprocating rotating cylinder 104 reciprocates, the soybeans inside it will be continuously lifted up, thereby improving the screening effect. Unfull soybeans or small stones will pass through the screening area 101 and be collected by the first receiving hopper 102. The full soybeans will enter the second receiving hopper 105 along the reciprocating rotating cylinder 104 to complete the collection operation.

At the same time, when the piston cylinder 303 and the swing connecting rod slide back and forth, air is continuously inflated into the buffer air box 313, and the surface of the reciprocating rotating cylinder 104 is cleaned by the clearing brush 308, and then the screening area 101 is backblown with the backblowing nozzle 309, so that the soybeans blocked in the filter hole position are removed to achieve anti-blocking operation. A pressure limiting valve is provided at the exhaust position of the backblowing nozzle 309, so that a certain pressure can be stored in the backblowing air pipe 307, so that the ejected gas has a certain high pressure, and the hole cleaning operation is better completed.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. A soybean screening device, comprising a storage box (302) for loading soybeans, a fixed vertical plate (413) for supporting the storage box (302) being arranged outside the storage box (302), characterized in that an intermittent feeding mechanism is arranged at a lower port of the storage box (302), a wind selection mechanism for performing a first screening of the soybeans is arranged below the storage box (302), a guiding mechanism is arranged below the wind selection mechanism, and a drum screen mechanism for performing a second screening of the soybeans is arranged at the end of the guiding mechanism; The intermittent feeding mechanism comprises a cylindrical inner cavity arranged at a lower port of the storage box (302), a feeding roller (310) being arranged in the cylindrical inner cavity, a feeding groove (311) for filling soybeans being arranged on the surface of the feeding roller (310), and a driving motor (301) for driving the feeding roller (310) to rotate being arranged on the outside of the storage box (302). 2. The soybean screening device according to claim 1 is characterized in that the air selection mechanism comprises a vertical air selection cylinder (202) arranged vertically, an intermediate bucket (201) for receiving materials is arranged at the upper end of the vertical air selection cylinder (202), an air inlet end of the vertical air selection cylinder (202) is connected to a blowing channel (204), an exhaust end of the vertical air selection cylinder (202) is connected to a slag discharge channel (203), the end faces of the blowing channel (204) and the slag discharge channel (203) are coaxially arranged, a blowing shaft (409) is rotatably arranged in the blowing channel (204), a fan blade for promoting the discharge of gas along the slag discharge channel (203) is arranged on the blowing shaft (409), and the blowing The shaft (409) is rotatably arranged on a fixed base plate (407); a second pulley (410) is provided at the end of the blowing shaft (409); the second pulley (410) is connected to the first pulley (406) via a first transmission belt (408); the first pulley (406) is arranged at the end of a discharge shaft (405); the discharge shaft (405) is connected and fixed to the end of a discharge roller (310); the discharge shaft (405) is rotatably connected to the fixed base plate (407); a scattering unit for scattering fallen soybeans is also provided in the vertical air separation cylinder (202); and a dust filter cover (205) for filtering is detachably provided at the end of the slag discharge channel (203). 3. The soybean screening device according to claim 2 is characterized in that the breaking unit includes a floating dispersion grid (209) slidably arranged on the inner wall of the vertical air separation cylinder (202), the lower end of the floating dispersion grid (209) is rotatably connected to the upper end of the floating connecting rod (206), the floating connecting rod (206) is provided with a driving pin, the driving pin is slidably matched with the elliptical guide groove (207) on the side of the floating wheel (208), and the elliptical guide groove (207) is an elliptical structure. 4. The soybean screening device according to claim 2 is characterized in that the guiding mechanism comprises an inclined feed guide plate (106), the tail of the feed guide plate (106) is connected to the vibration slide bar (412), the upper end of the vibration slide bar (412) slides through the vibration guide sleeve (402) outside the storage box (302), the upper end of the vibration guide sleeve (402) is connected and fixed to the top of the vibration slide bar (412) through a vibration spring (401), a floating push plate (403) is horizontally provided on the outer side of the vibration slide bar (412), the floating push plate (403) extends to above the unloading shaft (405), a vibration push wheel (404) is coaxially provided on the unloading shaft (405), and a plurality of circular notches are distributed in an array on the outer side of the vibration push wheel (404), and a rotating side wheel (416) is rotatably provided at the position of each circular notch, and the position of the rotating side wheel (416) corresponds to the position of the floating push plate (403). 5. The soybean screening device according to claim 4 is characterized in that the drum screen mechanism comprises a screening shell (100), a mounting through-hole is penetrated through the side of the screening shell (100), a rotating ring seat (110) is rotatably provided in the mounting through-hole, a reciprocating rotating cylinder (104) is rotatably provided in the rotating ring seat (110), one end of the reciprocating rotating cylinder (104) is higher than the other end, and at least two screening areas (101) with different apertures are distributed on the reciprocating rotating cylinder (104), so that it is convenient to screen different types of soybeans. The rotating ring seat (110) is provided with an adjustment unit for driving the reciprocating rotating cylinder (104) to rotate so as to switch the position of the screening area (101); a plurality of material turning inclined bars (103) are arranged in an array on the inner wall of the reciprocating rotating cylinder (104); the cross section of the material turning inclined bars (103) is a fan-shaped structure; a first material receiving hopper (102) for collecting materials is provided at the lower end of the screening shell (100); a second material receiving hopper (105) for collecting materials is provided at the end of the reciprocating rotating cylinder (104); and the rotating ring seat (110) is connected to a reciprocating drive unit for driving the reciprocating rotation thereof. 6. The soybean screening device according to claim 5 is characterized in that the reciprocating drive unit includes a horizontally arranged swing shaft (306), a fourth pulley (414) is provided at one end of the swing shaft (306), the fourth pulley (414) is connected to the third pulley (411) through a second transmission belt (415), the third pulley (411) is coaxially arranged on the blowing shaft (409), the fourth pulley (414) is rotatably arranged on the shaft frame, a swing wheel (305) is fixedly provided at the other end of the fourth pulley (414), the swing wheel (305) is connected to one end of the swing connecting rod (304) at an eccentric position, the other end of the swing connecting rod (304) is rotatably connected to the outer side of the piston cylinder (303), the piston block in the piston cylinder (303) is connected to the swing connecting rod, and the other end of the swing connecting rod is connected to the outer side of the rotating ring seat (110). 7. The soybean screening device according to claim 6 is characterized in that a one-way air inlet nozzle is provided on the outside of the piston cylinder (303), the one-way exhaust end of the piston cylinder (303) is connected to the buffer air box (313) through an air guide pipe (312), the exhaust end of the buffer air box (313) is connected to the intake end of the back-blowing air pipe (307), the back-blowing air pipe (307) is arranged on the inner wall of the screening shell (100) on one side of the reciprocating rotating cylinder (104), a clearing brush (308) for cleaning the surface of the reciprocating rotating cylinder (104) is provided on the side of the back-blowing air pipe (307), a plurality of back-blowing nozzles (309) for exhausting air toward the reciprocating rotating cylinder (104) are provided on the surface of the back-blowing air pipe (307), and a pressure limiting valve is provided at the exhaust position of the back-blowing nozzle (309). 8. The soybean screening device according to claim 7 is characterized in that the adjustment unit includes an adjustment motor (108) fixedly arranged on the outside of the rotating ring seat (110), a driving gear (107) is provided at the output end of the adjustment motor (108), and a driven gear ring (109) meshing with the driving gear (107) is provided on the outside of the reciprocating rotating cylinder (104).