CN118489460A - Agricultural crop planting greenhouse with controllable shading area - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an agricultural crop planting greenhouse with a controllable shading area, which relates to the technical field of planting greenhouses, and comprises a building base, wherein a greenhouse body is fixedly arranged on the upper surface of the building base, a side blocking mechanism for adjusting the shading area of a side surface is arranged on one side surface of the greenhouse body, the side blocking mechanism is positioned on two side surfaces of the greenhouse body, and the side blocking mechanism comprises: the two installation ring plates are respectively fixedly installed on the two side surfaces of the greenhouse body, the shading mechanism consists of a shading component and a driving component, and the shading component comprises: window frame, window frame fixed mounting in the upper surface of top light-transmitting plate, drive assembly includes: the plurality of lifter plates, a plurality of lifter plates all are located the one side surface of window frame, in this scheme, through being provided with side fender mechanism and shading mechanism, can satisfy different crops to the demand of illumination, still guaranteed that crops grow under the best growing environment, improved output and quality.

Description

Agricultural crop planting greenhouse with controllable shading area

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of planting greenhouses, and in particular to an agricultural crop planting greenhouse with controllable shading area.

Background Art

With the rapid development of modern agriculture, the application of greenhouse technology is of great significance to improving crop yield and quality. Crop planting greenhouses have become an important means to improve crop yield and quality. Among them, the precise control of the light inside the greenhouse is particularly critical because it directly affects the photosynthesis and growth and development of crops.

Traditional greenhouse lighting management methods mainly rely on manual operation, and there are many shortcomings in greenhouse lighting management methods. For example, the management method mainly relies on manual operation. When light adjustment is needed, the angle and position of the shading plate are generally adjusted manually, which is not only inefficient, but also difficult to accurately control the timing of light. The staff cannot be inside the greenhouse at all times, and it is easy to have problems such as untimely light adjustment and excessive single exposure time. When short-day crops are planted inside, untimely shading may cause leaf burns, slowed growth or quality decline. Different crops have different requirements for light intensity. When different short-day crops and long-day crops are planted inside, There may be a need to block light in different directions, resulting in cumbersome shading work and inconvenient adjustment process. During use, there will also be the problem that different crops have significantly different temperature requirements. In summer, strong sunlight will cause the temperature inside the greenhouse to rise rapidly, which may exceed the optimal temperature range for crop growth. In order to ensure a certain amount of exposure per day, the exposure time for each crop with different habits needs to be precisely controlled. Shading can reduce the light intensity in the greenhouse, thereby reducing the radiant heat and thus the temperature in the greenhouse. However, this will greatly increase the workload of the staff and cause inconvenience in use.

Summary of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide an agricultural crop planting greenhouse with controllable shading area to solve the problems raised in the above-mentioned background technology.

To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: comprising a building base,

A greenhouse body is fixedly mounted on the upper surface of the building base, a plurality of top light-transmitting panels are fixedly mounted on the upper surface of the greenhouse body, and a side blocking mechanism for adjusting the side shading area is provided on one side surface of the greenhouse body;

The side stop mechanism is located on both side surfaces of the greenhouse body and can rotate on the surface of the greenhouse body. The side stop mechanism includes: two mounting ring plates, which are respectively fixedly mounted on both side surfaces of the greenhouse body, and each mounting ring plate has two connecting seats fixedly mounted on its upper surface;

A shading mechanism, the shading mechanism is fixedly mounted on the upper surface of the building base, the shading mechanism is composed of a shielding component and a driving component, the shielding component comprises: a window frame, the window frame is fixedly mounted on the upper surface of the top light-transmitting plate, a plurality of storage grooves are also provided on the surface of the window frame, each storage groove is respectively located between the two exposed openings, and a foldable top shading plate is provided inside the storage groove;

The driving assembly comprises: a plurality of lifting plates, each of which is located on a side surface of the window frame, each of which is connected to each other by elastic ropes at both ends, and a movable slot is opened at the center of the lifting plates.

Furthermore, the side block mechanism also includes: a transmission plate, the transmission plate having two, which are respectively mounted on the ends of the same side of the two connecting shafts, two mounting frames are fixedly mounted on the upper surface of the mounting ring plate, a driving motor is fixedly mounted on the upper surface of the mounting frame, an output shaft of the driving motor is provided with meshing bevel teeth, the bottom surfaces of the meshing bevel teeth are meshed with matching bevel teeth matching the meshing bevel teeth, a fixing frame for limiting the meshing bevel teeth and the matching bevel teeth is fixedly mounted on the bottom surface of the meshing bevel teeth, a matching transmission wheel is fixedly mounted on one side surface of the matching bevel teeth, a transmission belt is connected between the transmission plate and the matching transmission wheel, and the transmission plate can be driven to rotate synchronously by rotating the matching transmission wheel.

Furthermore, the side blocking mechanism also includes: three internal side windows, the three internal side windows are fixedly mounted on the side surface of the greenhouse body, and respectively correspond to three rotating gear discs, a sliding groove is provided on the side surface of the rotating gear disc close to the internal side window, a sliding ring matching the sliding groove is fixedly mounted on one side surface of the internal side window, a plurality of light-isolating plates are also fixedly mounted at the center of the internal side window, a rotatable connecting shaft is sleeved at the center of the connecting seat, a rotating plate is fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the connecting shaft, three rotatable rotating gear discs are arranged at the center of the rotating plate, and a plurality of light-transmitting openings matching the light-isolating plates are also opened at the center of the rotating gear disc.

Furthermore, the shading mechanism further comprises: a plurality of resetting elastic plates, both ends of which are respectively fixedly mounted on the bottom surfaces of the two rotating plates of the top shading plate.

Furthermore, the shading mechanism also includes a connecting shaft, which is located at the connection between the two rotating plates of the top shading plate. The two rotating plates can be folded according to the connecting shaft. One end of the connecting shaft is fixedly connected to a connecting pile. The upper surface of the window frame is also fixedly installed with a temperature detection plate for detecting the external temperature.

Furthermore, the driving assembly includes: a driving box, the driving box is located on one side surface of the window frame, the driving box and the window frame are connected via a limiting slide, a servo motor is arranged inside the driving box, a retraction rod is fixedly installed on the output end of the servo motor, a spring rod is arranged inside the retraction rod, a sliding pile is fixedly installed on the end of the retraction rod, a limiting pile is fixedly installed on one side surface of the sliding pile, one side surface of the limiting pile is fixedly connected to one side surface of the connecting pile, the other end of the limiting pile is fixedly installed with a connecting support pile, so the other end of the limiting pile is fixedly connected to the sliding plate.

Furthermore, a limiting sliding groove cooperating with the sliding plate is provided on the upper surface of the limiting slideway, and a limiting ring is fixedly mounted on the upper surface of the driving box.

Furthermore, the driving component also includes: an internal temperature detector, which is fixedly installed on the bottom surface of the driving box, and there are wires connecting the internal temperature detector and the temperature detection board to the servo motor.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. In this scheme, by providing a shading mechanism, through the cooperation of the servo motor and the top shading plate, the top shading plate is intermittently opened for irradiation, so that the crops in a single area can be prevented from being exposed to long-term irradiation and affecting the growth process, and the light intensity inside the greenhouse can be freely adjusted. When the external sunlight is too strong or the temperature inside the greenhouse is too high, the speed of folding the top shading plate can be adjusted to speed up, reduce direct sunlight, and lower the temperature inside the greenhouse. Conversely, when it is necessary to increase the light, the top shading plate can slow down the speed of folding the top shading plate to ensure that the crops get enough light, thereby realizing the automatic adjustment of the light intensity and contributing to the healthy growth of the crops.

2. In this scheme, by setting up a side blocking mechanism, the shading area of the greenhouse side can be accurately controlled through the cooperation of the driving motor and the rotating plate. When it is necessary to reduce the light, the rotating plate can be folded upward to completely isolate the side light. When it is necessary to increase the light, the rotating plate remains horizontal to allow sunlight to enter. In addition, the design of the rotating gear plate and the light-isolating plate on the building base enables the operator to further fine-tune the shading area of the greenhouse side to meet the light requirements of different crops;

3. In this scheme, the temperature detection plates and internal temperature detectors attached to the side baffle mechanism and the shading mechanism can monitor the temperature outside and inside the greenhouse in real time. Combined with signal transmission and servo motor control, the system can automatically adjust the folding time of the shading plate to ensure the stability of the internal temperature of the greenhouse, improve the operating efficiency of the greenhouse, reduce labor costs, and ensure that crops grow in the best growth environment.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

FIG2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the side stop mechanism of the present invention;

FIG3 is a schematic structural diagram of a shading mechanism of the present invention;

FIG4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a shielding assembly according to the present invention;

FIG5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the retractable rod of the present invention;

FIG6 is a schematic diagram of the top shading plate structure of the present invention;

FIG7 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the top light-transmitting plate of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the resetting elastic plate of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the lifting plate structure of the present invention.

In the figure: 1. building base; 2. greenhouse body; 3. inlet and outlet door; 4. mounting ring plate; 5. transmission plate; 6. rotating gear plate; 7. light transmission port; 8. rotating plate; 9. connecting shaft; 10. window frame; 11. temperature detection plate; 12. drive box; 13. connecting seat; 14. transmission belt; 15. mounting frame; 16. driving motor; 17. meshing bevel gear; 18. fixing frame; 19. inner side window; 20. sliding groove; 21. light isolation plate; 22. top shading plate; 23. connecting shaft; 24. limiting ring; 25. inner temperature detector; 26. servo motor; 27. retracting rod; 28. lifting plate; 29. limiting slideway; 30. spring rod; 31. sliding pile; 32. limiting pile; 33. exposure port; 34. top light transmission plate; 35. reset elastic plate; 36. connecting pile; 37. elastic rope; 38. reinforcing rib; 39. moving notch.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Embodiment 1: Please refer to Figures 1 to 9, a greenhouse for growing agricultural crops with controllable shading area, comprising a building base 1, a greenhouse body 2 is fixedly mounted on the upper surface of the building base 1, a door 3 for entering the interior of the greenhouse body 2 is provided on one side surface, a plurality of top light-transmitting panels 34 are fixedly mounted on the upper surface of the greenhouse body 2, and a side blocking mechanism for adjusting the side shading area is provided on one side surface of the greenhouse body 2;

The side stop mechanism is located on the two side surfaces of the greenhouse body 2 and can rotate on the surface of the greenhouse body 2. The side stop mechanism includes: two mounting ring plates 4, which are fixedly mounted on the two side surfaces of the greenhouse body 2 respectively, and two connecting seats 13 are fixedly mounted on the upper surface of each mounting ring plate 4. A rotatable connecting shaft 9 is sleeved at the center of the connecting seat 13, and a rotating plate 8 is fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the connecting shaft 9. Three rotatable rotating toothed discs 6 are arranged at the center of the rotating plate 8. A small toothed disc meshing with the middle rotating toothed disc 6 is arranged on the bottom surface of the rotating toothed disc 6. A toothed disc brake motor for driving the small toothed disc to rotate is arranged on one side of the small toothed disc, and a plurality of light-transmitting openings 7 for light transmission are also opened at the center of the rotating toothed disc 6;

A shading mechanism, the shading mechanism is fixedly mounted on the upper surface of the building base 1, the shading mechanism is composed of a shielding component and a driving component, the shielding component includes: a window frame 10, the window frame 10 is fixedly mounted on the upper surface of the top light-transmitting plate 34, the surface of the window frame 10 is provided with a plurality of exposure openings 33 that match the top protrusions of the top light-transmitting plate 34, the surface of the window frame 10 is also provided with a plurality of storage grooves, each storage groove is respectively located between two exposure openings 33, and a foldable top light-shielding plate 22 is arranged inside the storage groove;

A driving assembly, the driving assembly includes: a plurality of lifting plates 28, the plurality of lifting plates 28 are all located on one side surface of the window frame 10, each lifting plate 28 is connected to each other by elastic ropes 37 at two ends, the plurality of lifting plates 28 are connected as a whole, and a moving slot 39 is opened at the center of the lifting plate 28;

The side block mechanism also includes: a transmission plate 5, which has two transmission plates 5, which are respectively installed at the ends of the same side of the two connecting shafts 9, and two mounting frames 15 are fixedly installed on the upper surface of the mounting ring plate 4. A driving motor 16 is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the mounting frame 15. An engaging bevel gear 17 is arranged on the output shaft of the driving motor 16. The bottom surface of the engaging bevel gear 17 is engaged with a matching bevel gear that matches the engaging bevel gear 17. A fixing frame 18 for limiting the engaging bevel gear 17 and the matching bevel gear is fixedly installed on the bottom surface of the engaging bevel gear 17. The engaging bevel gear 17 and the matching bevel gear are limited in the current position via the fixing frame 18 and can rotate. The matching bevel gear A matching transmission wheel is fixedly installed on one side surface of the greenhouse body 2, and a transmission belt 14 is connected between the transmission disc 5 and the matching transmission wheel, and the transmission disc 5 can be driven to rotate synchronously by rotating the matching transmission wheel. The side blocking mechanism also includes: three internal side windows 19, which are fixedly installed on the side surface of the greenhouse body 2 and correspond to the three rotating toothed discs 6 respectively. A sliding groove 20 is provided on the side surface of the rotating toothed disc 6 close to the internal side window 19, and a sliding ring matching the sliding groove 20 is fixedly installed on one side surface of the internal side window 19. A plurality of light-isolating plates 21 matching the light-transmitting opening 7 are also fixedly installed at the center of the internal side window 19;

When it is necessary to adjust the shading area of the greenhouse side, the drive motor 16 is started, and the meshing bevel gear 17 is driven to rotate through the output shaft. The meshing relationship between the meshing bevel gear 17 and the matching bevel gear causes the matching bevel gear and the matching transmission wheel to rotate. The transmission belt 14 transmits the rotation of the matching transmission wheel to the transmission disk 5, thereby driving the connecting shaft 9 and the rotating plate 8 to rotate, and the rotating plate 8 can be folded open to block the side. When the external sunlight is too strong, the sunlight can be blocked by folding the rotating plate 8 upwards to completely isolate the side light, so as to prevent the sunlight from shining from the side to the inside of the greenhouse body 2, so that the crops inside are exposed to excessive sunlight and have adverse effects. The small toothed disk on the building base 1 is driven by the gear The disc brake motor is driven independently. When the rotating plate 8 is not folded and opened, the rotating toothed disc 6 on the upper surface of the building base 1 can utilize the meshing effect with the middle rotating toothed disc 6 to rotate and drive the rotating toothed disc 6 to rotate synchronously, and utilize it to drive the rotating toothed discs 6 on both sides to rotate. The sliding groove 20 on one side of the rotating toothed disc 6 slides on the sliding ring on the internal side window 19. As the rotating toothed disc 6 moves, the relative position of the light-isolating plate 21 and the light-transmitting opening 7 changes. When the light-isolating plate 21 covers the light-transmitting opening 7, the light entering is reduced. When the light-isolating plate 21 is staggered with the light-transmitting opening 7, the light entering is increased. By adjusting the position of the rotating toothed disc 6, the shading area on the side of the greenhouse can be accurately controlled.

The shading mechanism further includes: a plurality of resetting elastic plates 35, the two ends of which are respectively fixedly mounted on the bottom surfaces of the two rotating plates of the top shading plate 22, a plurality of reinforcing ribs 38 are arranged inside the resetting elastic plates 35 for enhancing the resetting performance and preventing permanent deformation, the shading mechanism further includes a connecting shaft 23, the connecting shaft 23 is located at the connection of the two rotating plates of the top shading plate 22, the two rotating plates can be folded according to the connecting shaft 23, one end of the connecting shaft 23 is fixedly connected with a connecting pile 36, and a temperature detection plate 11 for detecting the external temperature is also fixedly mounted on the upper surface of the window frame 10;

When it is necessary to illuminate the crops inside, the servo motor 26 starts and drives the retracting rod 27 to move. During the movement of the retracting rod 27, the limiting pile 32 at one end of the retracting rod 27 slides against the bottom surface of the limiting ring 24. During the movement, the retracting rod 27 will gradually shorten and lengthen under the action of the internal spring rod 30 due to the limiting effect of the limiting ring 24. The limiting pile 32 slides inside the moving slot 39. Because the internal moving path of the moving slot 39 has a slope, when the limiting pile 32 reaches the center of a lifting plate 28, it will move along the slope. The height gradually rises. At this time, due to the fixing effect of the sliding plate at the bottom of the limiting pile 32, the position of the limiting pile 32 will not change, and the lifting plate 28 will fall downward due to the pulling effect of the limiting pile 32. At this time, the limiting pile 32 drives the connecting shaft 23 to fall, so that the top shading plate 22 is folded upward, and the top shading plate 22 is driven into the interior of the storage groove through the pulling effect of the connecting pile 36, so that the exposure opening 33 at the bottom of the top shading plate 22 is exposed, so that sunlight is irradiated from the center of the exposure opening 33 through the top light-transmitting plate 34 to the interior of the greenhouse body 2. When the stake 32 passes over the center of the lifting plate 28, under the reset effect of the reset elastic plate 35 and the internal reinforcing ribs 38, the top shading plate 22 gradually rises and covers the exposed opening 33. The folding or unfolding of the top shading plate 22 adjusts the duration of light entering the greenhouse from the top of the greenhouse, avoiding the internal crops from being exposed to long-term irradiation at a single time, which affects their growth, and can ensure that the crops grow under suitable lighting conditions. The temperature detection plate 11 is used to monitor the external temperature, and the internal temperature detector 25 is used to monitor the internal temperature of the greenhouse. When the external temperature is high or the internal temperature needs to be lowered, the servo motor 26 can be controlled to reduce or increase the rotation speed through signal transmission, so as to control the folding time of the top shading plate 22. Because a plurality of shading mechanisms are provided on the upper surface of the greenhouse body 2, crops with different light requirements can be planted under each group of shading mechanisms inside the greenhouse body 2, and the rotation speed of the servo motor 26 of the current group can be adjusted according to the different irradiation time of each crop, so that different crops can be planted inside the greenhouse body 2 at the same time, saving planting space and making planting work more flexible.

The driving assembly includes: a driving box 12, the driving box 12 is located on one side surface of the window frame 10, the driving box 12 and the window frame 10 are connected through a limiting slide 29, a servo motor 26 is arranged inside the driving box 12, a retracting rod 27 is fixedly installed at the output end of the servo motor 26, a spring rod 30 is arranged inside the retracting rod 27, a sliding pile 31 is fixedly installed at the end of the retracting rod 27, a limiting pile 32 is fixedly installed on one side surface of the sliding pile 31, a side surface of the limiting pile 32 is located inside the moving slot 39, and the limiting pile 32 is fixedly installed on the end of the retracting rod 27. A connecting support pile is fixedly installed at the other end, and a sliding plate is fixedly connected to the other end of the limiting pile 32. A limiting groove matching the sliding plate is opened on the upper surface of the limiting slide 29. A limiting ring 24 is also fixedly installed on the upper surface of the driving box 12. The limiting ring 24 is used to gradually adjust the length of the contraction rod 27 during the movement of the contraction rod 27. An internal temperature detector 25 for monitoring the internal temperature of the greenhouse body 2 is also fixedly installed on the bottom surface of the driving box 12. There is an electric wire connection between the internal temperature detector 25 and the temperature detection plate 11 and the servo motor 26.

The working principle of the present invention is as follows: when in use, when it is necessary to illuminate the crops inside, the servo motor 26 is started and drives the retracting rod 27 to move, so that the limiting pile 32 slides inside the moving slot 39, and the lifting plate 28 falls downward due to the pulling effect of the limiting pile 32. At this time, the limiting pile 32 drives the connecting shaft 23 to fall, so that the top shading plate 22 is folded upward, and the top shading plate 22 is driven into the interior of the storage slot by the pulling effect of the connecting pile 36, exposing the exposure port 33 at the bottom of the top shading plate 22, so that sunlight can be seen from the exposed portion. The center of the opening 33 is irradiated from the top light-transmitting plate 34 to the inside of the greenhouse body 2. When the limiting pile 32 passes over the center of the lifting plate 28, the top light shielding plate 22 gradually rises under the reset effect of the reset elastic plate 35 and the internal reinforcing ribs 38, and covers the exposed opening 33. The temperature detection plate 11 is used to monitor the external temperature, and the internal temperature detector 25 is used to monitor the internal temperature of the greenhouse. When the external temperature is high or the internal temperature needs to be lowered, the servo motor 26 can be controlled to reduce or increase the rotation speed through signal transmission, so as to control the folding time of the top light shielding plate 22;

When the shading area of the greenhouse side needs to be adjusted, the driving motor 16 is started, and the meshing bevel gear 17 is driven to rotate through the output shaft, and the meshing bevel gear 17 drives the matching bevel gear and the matching transmission wheel to rotate, and the transmission belt 14 transmits the rotation of the matching transmission wheel to the transmission disc 5, thereby driving the connecting shaft 9 and the rotating plate 8 to rotate, and the rotating plate 8 can be folded and opened. When the external sunlight is too strong, the rotating plate 8 is folded upward to block the sunlight and completely isolate the light from the side. The small toothed disc on the building base 1 is independently driven by the toothed disc brake motor. When the rotating plate 8 is not folded open, the rotating toothed disc 6 on the upper surface of the building base 1 can utilize the meshing effect with the middle rotating toothed disc 6 to rotate and drive the rotating toothed disc 6 to rotate synchronously, and utilize it to drive the rotating toothed discs 6 on both sides to rotate. The relative position of the light-isolating plate 21 and the light-transmitting opening 7 changes. When the light-isolating plate 21 covers the light-transmitting opening 7, the light entering is reduced. When the light-isolating plate 21 is staggered with the light-transmitting opening 7, the light entering is increased. By adjusting the position of the rotating toothed disc 6, the shading area on the side of the greenhouse can be accurately controlled.

The above description is only a preferred specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can make equivalent replacements or changes according to the technical scheme and inventive concept of the present invention within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, which should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. A greenhouse for growing agricultural crops with controllable shading area, comprising a building base (1), A greenhouse body (2) is fixedly mounted on the upper surface of the building base (1), a plurality of top light-transmitting panels (34) are fixedly mounted on the upper surface of the greenhouse body (2), and a side blocking mechanism for adjusting the side shading area is provided on one side surface of the greenhouse body (2); The side baffle mechanism is located on the two side surfaces of the greenhouse body (2) and can rotate on the surface of the greenhouse body (2), the side baffle mechanism comprising: two mounting ring plates (4), the two mounting ring plates (4) being fixedly mounted on the two side surfaces of the greenhouse body (2), respectively, and the upper surface of each mounting ring plate (4) being fixedly mounted with two connection seats (13); A shading mechanism, the shading mechanism is fixedly mounted on the upper surface of the building base (1), the shading mechanism is composed of a shielding component and a driving component, the shielding component comprises: a window frame (10), the window frame (10) is fixedly mounted on the upper surface of the top light-transmitting plate (34), the surface of the window frame (10) is also provided with a plurality of storage grooves, each storage groove is located between two exposed openings (33), and a foldable top shading plate (22) is provided inside the storage groove; A driving assembly, the driving assembly comprising: a plurality of lifting plates (28), the plurality of lifting plates (28) being located on a side surface of a window frame (10), each of the lifting plates (28) being connected to each other by elastic ropes (37) at two ends, and a moving slot (39) being provided at the center of the lifting plates (28). 2. A greenhouse for planting agricultural crops with controllable shading area according to claim 1, characterized in that: the side block mechanism further comprises: a transmission disc (5), the transmission disc (5) having two parts, which are respectively mounted at the ends of the same side of the two connecting shafts (9), two mounting frames (15) are fixedly mounted on the upper surface of the mounting ring plate (4), a driving motor (16) is fixedly mounted on the upper surface of the mounting frame (15), an engaging bevel gear (17) is arranged on the output shaft of the driving motor (16), the bottom surface of the engaging bevel gear (17) is engaged with a matching bevel gear matching with the engaging bevel gear (17), a fixing frame (18) for limiting the engaging bevel gear (17) and the matching bevel gear is fixedly mounted on the bottom surface of the engaging bevel gear (17), a matching transmission wheel is fixedly mounted on one side surface of the matching bevel gear, a transmission belt (14) is connected between the transmission disc (5) and the matching transmission wheel, and the transmission disc (5) can be driven to rotate synchronously by the rotation of the matching transmission wheel. 3. A greenhouse for planting agricultural crops with controllable shading area according to claim 1, characterized in that: the side blocking mechanism also includes: three internal side windows (19), the three internal side windows (19) are fixedly mounted on the side surface of the greenhouse body (2), and respectively correspond to three rotating toothed discs (6), a sliding groove (20) is provided on a side surface of the rotating toothed disc (6) close to the internal side window (19), a sliding ring matched with the sliding groove (20) is fixedly mounted on one side surface of the internal side window (19), a plurality of light-isolating plates (21) are also fixedly mounted at the center of the internal side window (19), a rotatable connecting shaft (9) is sleeved at the center of the connecting seat (13), a rotating plate (8) is fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the connecting shaft (9), three rotatable rotating toothed discs (6) are arranged at the center of the rotating plate (8), and a plurality of light-transmitting openings (7) matched with the light-isolating plates (21) are also opened at the center of the rotating toothed disc (6). 4. According to the agricultural crop planting greenhouse with controllable shading area as described in claim 3, it is characterized in that: the shading mechanism also includes: a plurality of reset elastic plates (35), and the two ends of the reset elastic plates (35) are respectively fixedly mounted on the bottom surfaces of the two rotating plates of the top shading plate (22). 5. According to claim 4, a greenhouse for planting agricultural crops with controllable shading area is characterized in that: the shading mechanism also includes a connecting shaft (23), the connecting shaft (23) is located at the connection of the two rotating plates of the top shading plate (22), the two rotating plates can be folded according to the connecting shaft (23), one end of the connecting shaft (23) is fixedly connected to a connecting pile (36), and the upper surface of the window frame (10) is also fixedly installed with a temperature detection plate (11) for detecting the external temperature. 6. An agricultural crop planting greenhouse with controllable shading area according to claim 1, characterized in that: the driving component comprises: a driving box (12), the driving box (12) is located on one side surface of the window frame (10), the driving box (12) and the window frame (10) are connected via a limiting slideway (29), a servo motor (26) is arranged inside the driving box (12), a retractable rod (27) is fixedly installed at the output end of the servo motor (26), a spring rod (30) is arranged inside the retractable rod (27), a sliding pile (31) is fixedly installed at the end of the retractable rod (27), a limiting pile (32) is fixedly installed on one side surface of the sliding pile (31), one side surface of the limiting pile (32) is fixedly connected to one side surface of the connecting pile (36), and a connecting support pile is fixedly installed on the other end of the limiting pile (32), so that the other end of the limiting pile (32) is fixedly connected to a sliding plate. 7. An agricultural crop planting greenhouse with controllable shading area according to claim 6, characterized in that: a limiting slide groove matching with a sliding plate is provided on the upper surface of the limiting slide (29), and a limiting ring (24) is also fixedly mounted on the upper surface of the driving box (12). 8. According to claim 6, a greenhouse for growing agricultural crops with controllable shading area, characterized in that: the driving component further comprises: an internal temperature detector (25), the internal temperature detector (25) is fixedly mounted on the bottom surface of the driving box (12), and there is an electrical wire connection between the internal temperature detector (25) and the temperature detection plate (11) and the servo motor (26).