CN118419900B - A preparation method and material of biomass carbon/silver composite electromagnetic shielding material - Google Patents

A preparation method and material of biomass carbon/silver composite electromagnetic shielding material Download PDF

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CN118419900B
CN118419900B CN202410510400.0A CN202410510400A CN118419900B CN 118419900 B CN118419900 B CN 118419900B CN 202410510400 A CN202410510400 A CN 202410510400A CN 118419900 B CN118419900 B CN 118419900B
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biomass carbon
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CN118419900A (en
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张勇
胡文倩
吴玉程
夏丽
黄中鑫
张雪茹
崔接武
秦永强
舒霞
王岩
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Hefei University of Technology
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    • H05K9/0081Electromagnetic shielding materials, e.g. EMI, RFI shielding
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    • B82YSPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
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Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of shielding materials, in particular to a preparation method of a biomass carbon/silver composite electromagnetic shielding material and a material thereof, comprising the steps of adopting cetyltrimethylammonium bromide solution to perform active treatment on wood materials, and carbonizing the wood materials after the active treatment to prepare biomass carbon; preparing dopamine monomer solution by using hydrochloric acid solution, trimethylol aminomethane solution and dopamine hydrochloride, modifying biomass carbon by using hydrogen peroxide solution and the prepared dopamine monomer solution to prepare polydopamine modified biomass carbon, preparing silver ammonia solution by using silver nitrate solution and ammonia solution, soaking polydopamine modified biomass carbon into the silver ammonia solution, adjusting the pH value of the silver ammonia solution, adding glucose solution, and performing ultrasonic reaction to prepare the biomass carbon/silver composite electromagnetic shielding material. According to the invention, silver nano particles can be deposited in the surface and internal pores of the polydopamine modified biomass carbon, and the polydopamine modified biomass carbon has excellent electromagnetic shielding capability in dual wave bands.

Description

Preparation method of biomass carbon/silver composite electromagnetic shielding material and material thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of shielding materials, in particular to a preparation method of a biomass carbon/silver composite electromagnetic shielding material and the material thereof.
Background
With the continuous development of science and technology, electromagnetic pollution is considered as the fourth biggest pollution after air pollution, water pollution and noise pollution. Electromagnetic radiation not only affects the normal operation of precision electronics, but also threatens human health. Meanwhile, the rapid popularization of modern telecommunication technologies represented by 5G has prompted improvements in electromagnetic shielding (EMI) materials and equipment.
The electromagnetic shielding material mainly comprises metals, filling materials, surface coating materials and conductive coatings. The traditional metal-based material shows excellent electromagnetic interference shielding effect due to high conductivity, but the defects of high price, ultra-high density, poor environmental resistance and the like are gradually replaced by other materials, so that the exploration of the electromagnetic shielding material with lighter weight and lower cost becomes more important. The biomass carbon electromagnetic shielding material has wide sources and low cost, and in recent years, wood resources are widely researched due to the characteristics of good sustainability, light weight, porous layered structure, rich resources and the like, but the wood materials belong to insulating materials, have poor conductivity and cannot realize the electromagnetic shielding interference effect. In the prior art, when wood materials and metal materials are compounded, the problems that a metal material coating is unstable and is not uniformly distributed, the advantages of the wood materials and the metal materials cannot be fully exerted, the electromagnetic shielding effect of a plurality of wave bands cannot be simultaneously realized and the like are easy to occur.
Therefore, how to effectively compound the wood-based material with other conductive materials, fully exert the advantages of each component of the composite material, achieve excellent electromagnetic shielding effect in a plurality of wave bands, ensure the maximization of electromagnetic shielding efficiency, and become a technical problem to be solved urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a preparation method of a biomass carbon/silver composite electromagnetic shielding material and a material thereof, which aims to overcome the defects of the prior art.
In one aspect, the invention provides a preparation method of a biomass carbon/silver composite electromagnetic shielding material, which comprises the following steps:
step one, biomass carbon preparation
Performing active treatment on the wood material by adopting a cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide solution, and carbonizing the wood material subjected to the active treatment to obtain biomass carbon;
Step two, preparing polydopamine modified biomass carbon
Preparing a dopamine monomer solution by adopting a hydrochloric acid solution, a tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane solution and dopamine hydrochloride according to a proportion, and modifying biomass carbon by adopting a hydrogen peroxide solution and the prepared dopamine monomer solution according to a proportion to prepare polydopamine modified biomass carbon;
step three, preparation of biomass carbon/silver composite electromagnetic shielding material
Preparing silver ammonia solution by adopting silver nitrate solution and ammonia solution according to the proportion, soaking polydopamine modified biomass carbon into the prepared silver ammonia solution, adjusting the pH value of the silver ammonia solution, adding glucose solution, and carrying out ultrasonic reaction to obtain the biomass carbon/silver composite electromagnetic shielding material.
Preferably, the preparation method of the biomass carbon/silver composite electromagnetic shielding material comprises the steps of firstly, adopting a cetyltrimethylammonium bromide solution to perform active treatment on a wood material, wherein the cetyltrimethylammonium bromide solution with the concentration of 0.03-0.1mol/L is adopted to perform ultrasonic soaking on the wood material for 30min, deionized water is adopted to clean the wood material after ultrasonic soaking, and the cleaned wood material is dried at the temperature of 60 ℃ for 24h.
Preferably, in the preparation method of the biomass carbon/silver composite electromagnetic shielding material, in the first step, carbonization treatment comprises the steps of heating to 700-900 ℃ at a heating rate of 5 ℃ per minute, preserving heat for 3 hours, and naturally cooling to room temperature.
The preparation method of the biomass carbon/silver composite electromagnetic shielding material comprises the steps of sequentially adding a hydrochloric acid solution and dopamine hydrochloride into the tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane solution, wherein the concentration of the hydrochloric acid solution is 1mol/L, the concentration of the tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane solution is 0.4mol/L, the molar ratio of the hydrochloric acid solution to the tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane solution to the dopamine hydrochloride is 1:1.2:0.0316, and magnetically stirring for 10min at room temperature to obtain the dopamine monomer solution.
In the preparation method of the biomass carbon/silver composite electromagnetic shielding material, the biomass carbon is modified by adopting the hydrogen peroxide solution and the prepared dopamine monomer solution according to the proportion, and the preparation method comprises the steps of immersing the biomass carbon into the dopamine monomer solution, and dropwise adding the hydrogen peroxide solution into the dopamine monomer solution at the dropwise speed of 0.02ml/s, wherein the concentration of the hydrogen peroxide solution is 0.043mol/L, and the volume ratio of the hydrogen peroxide solution to the dopamine monomer solution is 1:35.
In the second step, after the dropwise adding of the hydrogen peroxide solution is completed, the biomass carbon is soaked for 24 hours, and the biomass carbon is turned over every 4 hours.
The preparation method of the biomass carbon/silver composite electromagnetic shielding material comprises the steps of adding 0.1mol/L silver nitrate solution into 5% wt ammonia solution according to a volume ratio of 5:2 to prepare silver ammonia solution, soaking polydopamine modified biomass carbon into the prepared silver ammonia solution, adjusting the pH value of the silver ammonia solution soaked with polydopamine modified biomass carbon to 10 by adopting 0.1mol/L citric acid solution, adding 0.2mol/L glucose solution, and carrying out ultrasonic reaction for 30-60min to prepare the biomass carbon/silver composite electromagnetic shielding material.
Preferably, in the preparation method of the biomass carbon/silver composite electromagnetic shielding material, in the third step, the volume ratio of the glucose solution to the silver nitrate solution is 1:1.
In the third step, in the ultrasonic reaction process, the polydopamine modified biomass carbon is turned over every 5 minutes.
In another aspect, the invention provides a biomass carbon/silver composite electromagnetic shielding material, which is prepared according to the method.
The preparation method of the biomass carbon/silver composite electromagnetic shielding material and the material thereof have the following beneficial effects:
1. The cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide solution is used for carrying out the activity treatment on the wood material before carbonization treatment, more favorable functional group inheritance can be obtained before carbonization treatment, the defect caused by the inertia of the surface of the carbonized material is avoided, the surface of the carbonized biomass carbon material is positively charged, and the effective combination of the biomass carbon material and dopamine is promoted due to the electrostatic adsorption effect of the positive charge;
2. The dopamine monomer is adhered to the cell channels of carbonized wood to form a polydopamine layer, hydrogen peroxide is added in the forming process, so that the time for forming the polydopamine layer is shortened, and the polydopamine film layer with uniform thickness is ensured to be obtained in a short time;
3. The silver nano particles are deposited in the pores on the surface and in the inside of the polydopamine modified biomass carbon, so that the effective combination of the wood material and the conductive silver particles is realized, wherein the electromagnetic shielding performance of the vertically cut wood blocks carbonized at 800 ℃ for 3 hours is 59.6-64.7dB in an X wave band, the electromagnetic shielding performance of the vertically cut wood blocks is 83.9-104.9dB in a Ka wave band, the excellent electromagnetic shielding capacity is possessed in both wave bands, the application requirements of the electromagnetic shielding material in both wave bands can be met, and the shielding efficiency is 99.99%;
4. the preparation method of the biomass carbon/silver composite electromagnetic shielding material has the advantages of safety, reliability and no pollution, and the prepared biomass carbon/silver composite electromagnetic shielding material has the characteristics of corrosion resistance, moisture resistance, bacteria resistance, high-efficiency electromagnetic shielding performance and the like, and is suitable for mass production.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is an SEM morphology diagram of a cross section of a biomass carbon/silver composite electromagnetic shielding material prepared in example 1 of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is an SEM morphology diagram of a cross section of the biomass carbon/silver composite electromagnetic shielding material prepared in example 2 of the present invention;
fig. 3 is an SEM morphology diagram of a cross section of the biomass carbon/silver composite electromagnetic shielding material prepared in example 3 of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is an SEM morphology diagram of a cross section of the biomass carbon/silver composite electromagnetic shielding material prepared in example 4 of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is an SEM morphology diagram of a cross section of the biomass carbon/silver composite electromagnetic shielding material prepared in example 5 of the present invention;
fig. 6 is an SEM morphology diagram of a cross section of the biomass carbon/silver composite electromagnetic shielding material prepared in example 6 of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is an electromagnetic shielding performance diagram of the biomass carbon/silver composite electromagnetic shielding material prepared in the embodiment 3 of the present invention in the X-band;
FIG. 8 is an electromagnetic shielding performance diagram of the biomass carbon/silver composite electromagnetic shielding material prepared in example 4 of the present invention in the X-band;
FIG. 9 is an electromagnetic shielding performance diagram of the biomass carbon/silver composite electromagnetic shielding material prepared in example 5 of the present invention in the X-band;
FIG. 10 is a graph showing electromagnetic shielding performance of the biomass carbon/silver composite electromagnetic shielding material prepared in example 3 in Ka band;
fig. 11 is an electromagnetic shielding performance diagram of the biomass carbon/silver composite electromagnetic shielding material prepared in example 4 of the present invention in Ka band.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
It is noted that the following embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict, and that all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts based on the embodiments in the present disclosure are within the scope of protection of the present disclosure.
It is noted that various aspects of the embodiments are described below within the scope of the following claims. It should be apparent that the aspects described herein may be embodied in a wide variety of forms and that any specific structure and/or function described herein is merely illustrative. Based on the present disclosure, one skilled in the art will appreciate that one aspect described herein may be implemented independently of any other aspect, and that two or more of these aspects may be combined in various ways. For example, an apparatus may be implemented and/or a method practiced using any number of the aspects set forth herein. In addition, such apparatus may be implemented and/or such methods practiced using other structure and/or functionality in addition to one or more of the aspects set forth herein.
Example 1
Preparation of biomass carbon/silver composite electromagnetic shielding material:
step one, biomass carbon preparation
Carrying out ultrasonic soaking on the wood material cut perpendicular to the wood growth direction for 30min by adopting a hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide solution with the concentration of 0.03mol/L, cleaning the wood material subjected to ultrasonic soaking by adopting deionized water, and drying the cleaned wood material at the temperature of 60 ℃ for 24h;
Carbonizing the activated wood material, specifically, heating to 700 ℃ at a heating rate of 5 ℃ per min, preserving heat for 3 hours, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain biomass carbon;
Step two, preparing polydopamine modified biomass carbon
Sequentially adding hydrochloric acid solution and dopamine hydrochloride into the tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane solution, wherein the concentration of the hydrochloric acid solution is 1mol/L, the concentration of the tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane solution is 0.4mol/L, the molar ratio of the hydrochloric acid solution to the tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane solution to the dopamine hydrochloride is 1:1.2:0.0316, and magnetically stirring the mixture at room temperature for 10min to prepare a dopamine monomer solution;
Soaking biomass carbon into a dopamine monomer solution, dropwise adding a hydrogen peroxide solution into the dopamine monomer solution at a dropwise adding speed of 0.02ml/s, wherein the concentration of the hydrogen peroxide solution is 0.043mol/L, the volume ratio of the hydrogen peroxide solution to the dopamine monomer solution is 1:35, soaking the biomass carbon for 24 hours after the dropwise adding of the hydrogen peroxide solution is completed, and turning over the biomass carbon every 4 hours;
step three, preparation of biomass carbon/silver composite electromagnetic shielding material
Adding 0.1mol/L silver nitrate solution into 5%wt ammonia solution according to the volume ratio of 5:2 to prepare silver ammonia solution, soaking polydopamine modified biomass carbon into the prepared silver ammonia solution, adopting 0.1mol/L citric acid solution to adjust the pH value of the silver ammonia solution soaked with polydopamine modified biomass carbon to 10, adding 0.2mol/L glucose solution, carrying out ultrasonic reaction for 30min, and turning over polydopamine modified biomass carbon every 5 min in the ultrasonic reaction process to prepare the biomass carbon/silver composite electromagnetic shielding material.
Example 2
Preparation of biomass carbon/silver composite electromagnetic shielding material:
step one, biomass carbon preparation
Carrying out ultrasonic soaking on the wood material cut in parallel to the wood growth direction for 30min by adopting a hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide solution with the concentration of 0.06mol/L, cleaning the wood material subjected to ultrasonic soaking by adopting deionized water, and drying the cleaned wood material at the temperature of 60 ℃ for 24h;
Carbonizing the activated wood material, specifically, heating to 700 ℃ at a heating rate of 5 ℃ per min, preserving heat for 3 hours, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain biomass carbon;
Step two, preparing polydopamine modified biomass carbon
Sequentially adding hydrochloric acid solution and dopamine hydrochloride into the tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane solution, wherein the concentration of the hydrochloric acid solution is 1mol/L, the concentration of the tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane solution is 0.4mol/L, the molar ratio of the hydrochloric acid solution to the tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane solution to the dopamine hydrochloride is 1:1.2:0.0316, and magnetically stirring the mixture at room temperature for 10min to prepare a dopamine monomer solution;
Soaking biomass carbon into a dopamine monomer solution, dropwise adding a hydrogen peroxide solution into the dopamine monomer solution at a dropwise adding speed of 0.02ml/s, wherein the concentration of the hydrogen peroxide solution is 0.043mol/L, the volume ratio of the hydrogen peroxide solution to the dopamine monomer solution is 1:35, soaking the biomass carbon for 24 hours after the dropwise adding of the hydrogen peroxide solution is completed, and turning over the biomass carbon every 4 hours;
step three, preparation of biomass carbon/silver composite electromagnetic shielding material
Adding 0.1mol/L silver nitrate solution into 5%wt ammonia solution according to the volume ratio of 5:2 to prepare silver ammonia solution, soaking polydopamine modified biomass carbon into the prepared silver ammonia solution, adopting 0.1mol/L citric acid solution to adjust the pH value of the silver ammonia solution soaked with polydopamine modified biomass carbon to 10, adding 0.2mol/L glucose solution, carrying out ultrasonic reaction for 30min, and turning over polydopamine modified biomass carbon every 5 min in the ultrasonic reaction process to prepare the biomass carbon/silver composite electromagnetic shielding material.
Example 3
Preparation of biomass carbon/silver composite electromagnetic shielding material:
step one, biomass carbon preparation
Carrying out ultrasonic soaking on the wood material cut perpendicular to the wood growth direction for 30min by adopting a hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide solution with the concentration of 0.1mol/L, cleaning the wood material subjected to ultrasonic soaking by adopting deionized water, and drying the cleaned wood material at the temperature of 60 ℃ for 24h;
Carbonizing the activated wood material, specifically, heating to 800 ℃ at a heating rate of 5 ℃ per min, preserving heat for 3 hours, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain biomass carbon;
Step two, preparing polydopamine modified biomass carbon
Sequentially adding hydrochloric acid solution and dopamine hydrochloride into the tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane solution, wherein the concentration of the hydrochloric acid solution is 1mol/L, the concentration of the tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane solution is 0.4mol/L, the molar ratio of the hydrochloric acid solution to the tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane solution to the dopamine hydrochloride is 1:1.2:0.0316, and magnetically stirring the mixture at room temperature for 10min to prepare a dopamine monomer solution;
Soaking biomass carbon into a dopamine monomer solution, dropwise adding a hydrogen peroxide solution into the dopamine monomer solution at a dropwise adding speed of 0.02ml/s, wherein the concentration of the hydrogen peroxide solution is 0.043mol/L, the volume ratio of the hydrogen peroxide solution to the dopamine monomer solution is 1:35, soaking the biomass carbon for 24 hours after the dropwise adding of the hydrogen peroxide solution is completed, and turning over the biomass carbon every 4 hours;
step three, preparation of biomass carbon/silver composite electromagnetic shielding material
Adding 0.1mol/L silver nitrate solution into 5%wt ammonia solution according to the volume ratio of 5:2 to prepare silver ammonia solution, soaking polydopamine modified biomass carbon into the prepared silver ammonia solution, adopting 0.1mol/L citric acid solution to adjust the pH value of the silver ammonia solution soaked with polydopamine modified biomass carbon to 10, adding 0.2mol/L glucose solution, carrying out ultrasonic reaction for 60min, and turning over polydopamine modified biomass carbon every 5 min in the ultrasonic reaction process to prepare the biomass carbon/silver composite electromagnetic shielding material.
Example 4
Preparation of biomass carbon/silver composite electromagnetic shielding material:
step one, biomass carbon preparation
Carrying out ultrasonic soaking on the wood material cut in parallel to the wood growth direction for 30min by adopting a hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide solution with the concentration of 0.1mol/L, cleaning the wood material subjected to ultrasonic soaking by adopting deionized water, and drying the cleaned wood material at the temperature of 60 ℃ for 24h;
Carbonizing the activated wood material, specifically, heating to 800 ℃ at a heating rate of 5 ℃ per min, preserving heat for 3 hours, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain biomass carbon;
Step two, preparing polydopamine modified biomass carbon
Sequentially adding hydrochloric acid solution and dopamine hydrochloride into the tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane solution, wherein the concentration of the hydrochloric acid solution is 1mol/L, the concentration of the tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane solution is 0.4mol/L, the molar ratio of the hydrochloric acid solution to the tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane solution to the dopamine hydrochloride is 1:1.2:0.0316, and magnetically stirring the mixture at room temperature for 10min to prepare a dopamine monomer solution;
Soaking biomass carbon into a dopamine monomer solution, dropwise adding a hydrogen peroxide solution into the dopamine monomer solution at a dropwise adding speed of 0.02ml/s, wherein the concentration of the hydrogen peroxide solution is 0.043mol/L, the volume ratio of the hydrogen peroxide solution to the dopamine monomer solution is 1:35, soaking the biomass carbon for 24 hours after the dropwise adding of the hydrogen peroxide solution is completed, and turning over the biomass carbon every 4 hours;
step three, preparation of biomass carbon/silver composite electromagnetic shielding material
Adding 0.1mol/L silver nitrate solution into 5%wt ammonia solution according to the volume ratio of 5:2 to prepare silver ammonia solution, soaking polydopamine modified biomass carbon into the prepared silver ammonia solution, adopting 0.1mol/L citric acid solution to adjust the pH value of the silver ammonia solution soaked with polydopamine modified biomass carbon to 10, adding 0.2mol/L glucose solution, carrying out ultrasonic reaction for 60min, and turning over polydopamine modified biomass carbon every 5 min in the ultrasonic reaction process to prepare the biomass carbon/silver composite electromagnetic shielding material.
Example 5
Preparation of biomass carbon/silver composite electromagnetic shielding material:
step one, biomass carbon preparation
Carrying out ultrasonic soaking on the wood material cut perpendicular to the wood growth direction for 30min by adopting a hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide solution with the concentration of 0.06mol/L, cleaning the wood material subjected to ultrasonic soaking by adopting deionized water, and drying the cleaned wood material at the temperature of 60 ℃ for 24h;
Carbonizing the activated wood material, specifically, heating to 900 ℃ at a heating rate of 5 ℃ per min, preserving heat for 3 hours, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain biomass carbon;
Step two, preparing polydopamine modified biomass carbon
Sequentially adding hydrochloric acid solution and dopamine hydrochloride into the tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane solution, wherein the concentration of the hydrochloric acid solution is 1mol/L, the concentration of the tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane solution is 0.4mol/L, the molar ratio of the hydrochloric acid solution to the tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane solution to the dopamine hydrochloride is 1:1.2:0.0316, and magnetically stirring the mixture at room temperature for 10min to prepare a dopamine monomer solution;
Soaking biomass carbon into a dopamine monomer solution, dropwise adding a hydrogen peroxide solution into the dopamine monomer solution at a dropwise adding speed of 0.02ml/s, wherein the concentration of the hydrogen peroxide solution is 0.043mol/L, the volume ratio of the hydrogen peroxide solution to the dopamine monomer solution is 1:35, soaking the biomass carbon for 24 hours after the dropwise adding of the hydrogen peroxide solution is completed, and turning over the biomass carbon every 4 hours;
step three, preparation of biomass carbon/silver composite electromagnetic shielding material
Adding 0.1mol/L silver nitrate solution into 5%wt ammonia solution according to the volume ratio of 5:2 to prepare silver ammonia solution, soaking polydopamine modified biomass carbon into the prepared silver ammonia solution, adopting 0.1mol/L citric acid solution to adjust the pH value of the silver ammonia solution soaked with polydopamine modified biomass carbon to 10, adding 0.2mol/L glucose solution, carrying out ultrasonic reaction for 60min, and turning over polydopamine modified biomass carbon every 5 min in the ultrasonic reaction process to prepare the biomass carbon/silver composite electromagnetic shielding material.
Example 6
Preparation of biomass carbon/silver composite electromagnetic shielding material:
step one, biomass carbon preparation
Carrying out ultrasonic soaking on the wood material cut in parallel to the wood growth direction for 30min by adopting a hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide solution with the concentration of 0.03mol/L, cleaning the wood material subjected to ultrasonic soaking by adopting deionized water, and drying the cleaned wood material at the temperature of 60 ℃ for 24h;
Carbonizing the activated wood material, specifically, heating to 900 ℃ at a heating rate of 5 ℃ per min, preserving heat for 3 hours, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain biomass carbon;
Step two, preparing polydopamine modified biomass carbon
Sequentially adding hydrochloric acid solution and dopamine hydrochloride into the tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane solution, wherein the concentration of the hydrochloric acid solution is 1mol/L, the concentration of the tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane solution is 0.4mol/L, the molar ratio of the hydrochloric acid solution to the tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane solution to the dopamine hydrochloride is 1:1.2:0.0316, and magnetically stirring the mixture at room temperature for 10min to prepare a dopamine monomer solution;
Soaking biomass carbon into a dopamine monomer solution, dropwise adding a hydrogen peroxide solution into the dopamine monomer solution at a dropwise adding speed of 0.02ml/s, wherein the concentration of the hydrogen peroxide solution is 0.043mol/L, the volume ratio of the hydrogen peroxide solution to the dopamine monomer solution is 1:35, soaking the biomass carbon for 24 hours after the dropwise adding of the hydrogen peroxide solution is completed, and turning over the biomass carbon every 4 hours;
step three, preparation of biomass carbon/silver composite electromagnetic shielding material
Adding 0.1mol/L silver nitrate solution into 5%wt ammonia solution according to the volume ratio of 5:2 to prepare silver ammonia solution, soaking polydopamine modified biomass carbon into the prepared silver ammonia solution, adopting 0.1mol/L citric acid solution to adjust the pH value of the silver ammonia solution soaked with polydopamine modified biomass carbon to 10, adding 0.2mol/L glucose solution, carrying out ultrasonic reaction for 30min, and turning over polydopamine modified biomass carbon every 5 min in the ultrasonic reaction process to prepare the biomass carbon/silver composite electromagnetic shielding material.
Example 7
Microscopic morphologies of cross sections of the biomass carbon/silver composite electromagnetic shielding materials prepared in examples 1, 2,3,4, 5 and 6 were observed by using a cold field emission scanning electron microscope of model Hitachi S4800, and acceleration voltages of 5kV were used, and scanning electron microscope photographs of cross sections of the biomass carbon/silver composite electromagnetic shielding materials prepared in examples 1, 2,3,4, 5 and 6 are shown in fig. 1, 2,3,4, 5 and 6, respectively.
As shown in fig. 1, the cross section of the biomass carbon/silver composite electromagnetic shielding material prepared in example 1, for the wood material cut perpendicular to the wood growth direction, silver particles were deposited along the wood fibers and distributed uniformly.
As shown in fig. 2, in the cross section of the biomass carbon/silver composite electromagnetic shielding material prepared in example 2, for the wood material cut parallel to the wood growth direction, silver particles are deposited along the pores of the wood material, and the particles can enter the pores, so that effective combination between biomass carbon and silver particles is realized.
As shown in fig. 3, the cross section of the biomass carbon/silver composite electromagnetic shielding material prepared in example 3, for the wood material cut perpendicular to the wood growth direction, a large number of silver particles are deposited along the wood fiber, the particles are closely distributed, and the silver particles can fully cover the wood cross section. As the deposition time increases, the silver particle content increases significantly.
As shown in fig. 4, in the cross section of the biomass carbon/silver composite electromagnetic shielding material prepared in example 4, silver particles are deposited along the honeycomb porous structure of the wood material for the wood material cut parallel to the growth direction of the wood, and a dense silver layer is formed on the surface and inside of the wood channel, so that a good conductive path can be formed.
As shown in fig. 5, the cross section of the biomass carbon/silver composite electromagnetic shielding material prepared in example 5 has uniform silver particle size for wood materials cut perpendicular to the wood growth direction, and the silver layer is compact and uniformly distributed on the surface of wood fiber.
As shown in fig. 6, in the cross section of the biomass carbon/silver composite electromagnetic shielding material prepared in example 6, for the wood material cut parallel to the wood growth direction, silver particles enter the porous channels, and effective bonding between biomass carbon and silver particles can be achieved.
The electromagnetic shielding performance of the biomass carbon/silver composite electromagnetic shielding materials prepared in example 3, example 4 and example 5 was tested by using a vector network analyzer with model number N523OC PNA-L in a waveguide method, the tested wave bands were an X wave band (8-12 GHz) and a Ka wave band (26.5-40 GHz), the number of scanning points was 400, and the electromagnetic shielding performance diagrams of the biomass carbon/silver composite electromagnetic shielding materials prepared in example 3, example 4 and example 5 in the X wave band were sequentially shown in fig. 7, fig. 8 and fig. 9, and the electromagnetic shielding performance diagrams of the biomass carbon/silver composite electromagnetic shielding materials prepared in example 3 and example 4 in the Ka wave band were shown in fig. 10 and fig. 11.
As shown in fig. 7, the electromagnetic shielding performance of the biomass carbon/silver composite electromagnetic shielding material prepared in example 3 is 55.1-60dB in the X-band, and in combination with the illustration in fig. 3, it is demonstrated that the silver nanoparticles are successfully plated on the surface of the biomass carbon, and the electromagnetic shielding performance can be improved by effectively combining the two materials.
As shown in fig. 8, the electromagnetic shielding performance of the biomass carbon/silver composite electromagnetic shielding material prepared in example 4 is 59.6-64.7dB in the X-band, and in combination with fig. 4, as silver nanoparticles can be plated into the channel to form various interfaces, multiple reflections are caused in the channel, thereby improving the electromagnetic shielding performance and better realizing the synergistic effect between biomass carbon and conductive silver particles.
As shown in fig. 9, the electromagnetic shielding performance of the biomass carbon/silver composite electromagnetic shielding material prepared in example 5 is 56.7-62.5dB in the X-band, and in combination with fig. 5, silver particles are uniformly and densely deposited on the surface of the wood material, so that an excellent conductive network can be formed, and an excellent electromagnetic shielding performance can be realized.
As shown in fig. 10, the electromagnetic shielding performance of the biomass carbon/silver composite electromagnetic shielding material prepared in the embodiment 3 is 58.2-67.8dB in Ka band, which is equivalent to the performance of the X band, and has excellent electromagnetic shielding capability in both the X band and the Ka band, so that the application requirements of the dual-band electromagnetic shielding material can be satisfied.
As shown in fig. 11, the electromagnetic shielding performance of the biomass carbon/silver composite electromagnetic shielding material prepared in the embodiment 4 is 83.9-104.9dB in Ka band, and compared with the performance of the X band, the electromagnetic shielding performance is improved by about 40dB, and the biomass carbon/silver composite electromagnetic shielding material has excellent electromagnetic shielding capability in both the X band and the Ka band, so that the application requirements of the dual-band electromagnetic shielding material can be satisfied simultaneously.
The preparation method of the biomass carbon/silver composite electromagnetic shielding material and the material thereof have the following beneficial effects:
1. The cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide solution is used for carrying out the activity treatment on the wood material before carbonization treatment, more favorable functional group inheritance can be obtained before carbonization treatment, the defect caused by the inertia of the surface of the carbonized material is avoided, the surface of the carbonized biomass carbon material is positively charged, and the effective combination of the biomass carbon material and dopamine is promoted due to the electrostatic adsorption effect of the positive charge;
2. The dopamine monomer is adhered to the cell channels of carbonized wood to form a polydopamine layer, hydrogen peroxide is added in the forming process, so that the time for forming the polydopamine layer is shortened, and the polydopamine film layer with uniform thickness is ensured to be obtained in a short time;
3. The silver nano particles are deposited in the pores on the surface and in the inside of the polydopamine modified biomass carbon, so that the effective combination of the wood material and the conductive silver particles is realized, wherein the electromagnetic shielding performance of the vertically cut wood blocks carbonized at 800 ℃ for 3 hours is 59.6-64.7dB in an X wave band, the electromagnetic shielding performance of the vertically cut wood blocks is 83.9-104.9dB in a Ka wave band, the excellent electromagnetic shielding capacity is possessed in both wave bands, the application requirements of the electromagnetic shielding material in both wave bands can be met, and the shielding efficiency is 99.99%;
4. the preparation method of the biomass carbon/silver composite electromagnetic shielding material has the advantages of safety, reliability and no pollution, and the prepared biomass carbon/silver composite electromagnetic shielding material has the characteristics of corrosion resistance, moisture resistance, bacteria resistance, high-efficiency electromagnetic shielding performance and the like, and is suitable for mass production.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions easily contemplated by those skilled in the art within the scope of the present invention should be included in the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the invention is subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims (5)

1.一种生物质碳/银复合电磁屏蔽材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述方法包括:1. A method for preparing a biomass carbon/silver composite electromagnetic shielding material, characterized in that the method comprises: 步骤一、生物质碳制备Step 1: Biomass carbon preparation 采用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵溶液对木材料进行活性处理,对活性处理后的木材料进行碳化处理,制得生物质碳;The wood material is activated by using a hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide solution, and the activated wood material is carbonized to obtain biomass carbon; 步骤二、聚多巴胺修饰的生物质碳制备Step 2: Preparation of polydopamine-modified biomass carbon 按配比采用盐酸溶液、三羟甲基氨基甲烷溶液和盐酸多巴胺配制多巴胺单体溶液,按配比采用过氧化氢溶液与配制的多巴胺单体溶液对生物质碳进行修饰,制得聚多巴胺修饰的生物质碳;A dopamine monomer solution is prepared by using a hydrochloric acid solution, a tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane) solution and dopamine hydrochloride according to a ratio, and a hydrogen peroxide solution and the prepared dopamine monomer solution are used to modify the biomass carbon according to a ratio to obtain a polydopamine-modified biomass carbon; 步骤三、生物质碳/银复合电磁屏蔽材料制备Step 3: Preparation of biomass carbon/silver composite electromagnetic shielding material 按配比采用硝酸银溶液、氨溶液配制银氨溶液,将聚多巴胺修饰的生物质碳浸泡至配制的银氨溶液中,对银氨溶液进行pH值调节后,加入葡萄糖溶液,超声反应,制得生物质碳/银复合电磁屏蔽材料;Silver nitrate solution and ammonia solution are used to prepare a silver ammonia solution according to a ratio, and the polydopamine-modified biomass carbon is immersed in the prepared silver ammonia solution. After the pH value of the silver ammonia solution is adjusted, a glucose solution is added, and an ultrasonic reaction is performed to prepare a biomass carbon/silver composite electromagnetic shielding material; 步骤一中,采用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵溶液对木材料进行活性处理,包括:采用浓度为0.03-0.1mol/L的十六烷基三甲基溴化铵溶液对木材料进行30min的超声浸泡,采用去离子水对超声浸泡后的木材料清洗,将清洗后的木材料在60℃的温度下干燥24h;In step 1, the wood material is activated by using a cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide solution, including: ultrasonically immersing the wood material in a cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide solution with a concentration of 0.03-0.1 mol/L for 30 minutes, washing the ultrasonically immersed wood material with deionized water, and drying the washed wood material at a temperature of 60° C. for 24 hours; 步骤二中,按配比采用盐酸溶液、三羟甲基氨基甲烷溶液和盐酸多巴胺配制多巴胺单体溶液,包括:向三羟甲基氨基甲烷溶液中依次加入盐酸溶液和盐酸多巴胺,盐酸溶液的浓度为1mol/L、三羟甲基氨基甲烷溶液的浓度为0.4mol/L,盐酸溶液、三羟甲基氨基甲烷溶液和盐酸多巴胺的摩尔比为1:1.2:0.0316,室温下磁力搅拌10min,制得多巴胺单体溶液;In step 2, a dopamine monomer solution is prepared by using a hydrochloric acid solution, a tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane solution and dopamine hydrochloride according to a ratio, including: adding a hydrochloric acid solution and dopamine hydrochloride to a tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane solution in sequence, wherein the concentration of the hydrochloric acid solution is 1 mol/L, the concentration of the tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane solution is 0.4 mol/L, and the molar ratio of the hydrochloric acid solution, the tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane solution and the dopamine hydrochloride is 1:1.2:0.0316, and magnetically stirring at room temperature for 10 minutes to obtain a dopamine monomer solution; 步骤二中,按配比采用过氧化氢溶液与配制的多巴胺单体溶液对生物质碳进行修饰,包括:将生物质碳浸泡至多巴胺单体溶液中,以0.02ml/s的滴加速度向多巴胺单体溶液中滴加过氧化氢溶液,其中,过氧化氢溶液的浓度为0.043mol/L,过氧化氢溶液与多巴胺单体溶液的体积比为1:35;In step 2, the biomass carbon is modified by using a hydrogen peroxide solution and a prepared dopamine monomer solution according to a ratio, including: soaking the biomass carbon in the dopamine monomer solution, and dripping the hydrogen peroxide solution into the dopamine monomer solution at a dripping speed of 0.02 ml/s, wherein the concentration of the hydrogen peroxide solution is 0.043 mol/L, and the volume ratio of the hydrogen peroxide solution to the dopamine monomer solution is 1:35; 步骤三,包括:按体积比5:2将0.1mol/L的硝酸银溶液加入5%wt的氨溶液中配制银氨溶液,将聚多巴胺修饰的生物质碳浸泡至配制的银氨溶液中,采用0.1mol/L的柠檬酸溶液将浸泡有聚多巴胺修饰的生物质碳的银氨溶液的pH值调节至10,加入0.2mol/L葡萄糖溶液,超声反应30-60min,制得生物质碳/银复合电磁屏蔽材料;葡萄糖溶液与硝酸银溶液的体积比为1:1。Step three, comprising: adding 0.1 mol/L silver nitrate solution to 5%wt ammonia solution at a volume ratio of 5:2 to prepare a silver ammonia solution, soaking the polydopamine-modified biomass carbon in the prepared silver ammonia solution, using 0.1 mol/L citric acid solution to adjust the pH value of the silver ammonia solution soaked with the polydopamine-modified biomass carbon to 10, adding 0.2 mol/L glucose solution, and ultrasonically reacting for 30-60 minutes to obtain a biomass carbon/silver composite electromagnetic shielding material; the volume ratio of the glucose solution to the silver nitrate solution is 1:1. 2.根据权利要求1所述的生物质碳/银复合电磁屏蔽材料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤一中,碳化处理包括:以5℃/min的升温速率升温至700-900℃,保温3h,自然冷却至室温。2. The method for preparing a biomass carbon/silver composite electromagnetic shielding material according to claim 1 is characterized in that in step 1, the carbonization treatment comprises: heating to 700-900°C at a heating rate of 5°C/min, keeping warm for 3 hours, and naturally cooling to room temperature. 3.根据权利要求1所述的生物质碳/银复合电磁屏蔽材料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤二中,当过氧化氢溶液滴加完成后,对生物质碳浸泡24h,每隔4h对生物质碳进行翻面。3. The method for preparing the biomass carbon/silver composite electromagnetic shielding material according to claim 1 is characterized in that in step 2, after the hydrogen peroxide solution is added dropwise, the biomass carbon is soaked for 24 hours and the biomass carbon is turned over every 4 hours. 4.根据权利要求1所述的生物质碳/银复合电磁屏蔽材料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤三中,在超声反应过程中,每隔5分钟对聚多巴胺修饰的生物质碳进行翻面。4. The method for preparing the biomass carbon/silver composite electromagnetic shielding material according to claim 1 is characterized in that, in step three, during the ultrasonic reaction, the polydopamine-modified biomass carbon is turned over every 5 minutes. 5.一种生物质碳/银复合电磁屏蔽材料,其特征在于,所述生物质碳/银复合电磁屏蔽材料根据权利要求1-4任一所述的方法制得。5. A biomass carbon/silver composite electromagnetic shielding material, characterized in that the biomass carbon/silver composite electromagnetic shielding material is prepared according to any one of the methods described in claims 1-4.
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