CN118397994B - Multi-mechanism coupling full-band acoustic metamaterial sound absorption module and sound elimination chamber thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention discloses a multi-mechanism coupling full-band acoustic metamaterial sound absorption module, which comprises a composite resonance unit and a sound absorption wedge structure; the composite resonance unit comprises a cavity, an inner insert, a cover plate, and a high-porosity sound absorption medium, the upper surface of the cover plate is K, the sound absorption wedge structure comprises a porous sound absorption wedge and a sound wave high transmission layer, along the direction of sound wave incidence, the cross section of the porous sound absorption wedge gradually increases, the sound absorption wedge structure and the composite resonance unit are connected in series, two or more through holes are arranged on the cover plate, each through hole is arranged in a predetermined form, and the position of the through hole is staggered with the positive projection area of P on the K surface; the cavity is connected to the sound wave modulation air domain through the inner insert and the through hole, forming a broadband impedance coupling modulation domain. A plurality of composite resonance units with different low-frequency high-efficiency sound absorption performances are connected in parallel, and a full-band metamaterial sound absorption module is formed through coupling with the wedge structure with perfect sound absorption in the middle and high frequencies.

Description

Multi-mechanism coupling full-band acoustic metamaterial sound absorption module and its anechoic chamber

Technical Field

The present invention belongs to the technical field of acoustic metamaterial noise reduction, and in particular relates to a multi-mechanism coupled full-band acoustic metamaterial sound absorption module and an anechoic chamber thereof.

Background Art

New noise reduction materials are needed in functional buildings (anechoic chambers, wind tunnels, highways, bridges/tunnels, waiting halls/hallways, conference venues, recording/studios, rehabilitation wards, rail passages, sound barriers, etc.), transportation (aircraft, high-speed rail, subway, large ships, new energy vehicles), energy and home appliances (transmission/substations, water pipelines, natural gas pipelines, wind turbines, air conditioners, washing machines, fans, range hoods), and medical devices (CT scanners, ambulances).

The anechoic chamber is an ideal enclosed space dedicated to noise control and experimental environment. By reducing the noise level in the space and controlling the acoustic environment, it provides a quiet and stable environment for accurate measurement of acoustic characteristics, scientific experiments, and audio recording. In the engineering field, laboratories, and audio studios, interference from external noise may cause data distortion and affect experimental results and work progress. Therefore, the anechoic chamber helps to ensure the accuracy and reliability of scientific research and is an important tool in the field of acoustics.

The composition of a modern anechoic chamber usually includes sound insulation structure, sound absorption module, air circulation system and ground treatment. The sound insulation structure is usually a sealed wall, floor and ceiling of a certain thickness to prevent external noise from entering the room. The air circulation system ensures the circulation and comfort of indoor air while controlling the temperature, humidity and air flow speed, while the ground treatment uses shock-absorbing materials or sound insulation floors to reduce the impact of external vibrations. Among them, sound absorption materials are the most important component of the anechoic chamber, usually covering the indoor surface to absorb sound wave energy and reduce the reflection of sound waves.

The sound-absorbing wedge is a sound-absorbing structure commonly used in anechoic chambers. It enhances the edge effect and acoustic performance of the sound-absorbing material by constructing a certain geometric shape on the surface or inside the sound-absorbing material. The design of the sound-absorbing wedge usually adopts a sharp geometric shape, such as a prism, cone or pyramid. This structure can achieve the transition from the characteristic impedance of air to the characteristic impedance of the sound-absorbing material, allowing sound waves to effectively enter the material and obtain a nearly perfect sound absorption effect above the lower cutoff frequency. However, when the frequency is lower than the lower cutoff frequency, the sound absorption performance of the sound-absorbing wedge structure decays sharply. Therefore, the traditional sound-absorbing wedge structure often needs to significantly increase the thickness of the wedge to improve the sound absorption performance in the low-frequency band to meet the sound absorption performance requirements of the anechoic chamber. This greatly increases the space occupied and manufacturing cost in the anechoic chamber, and the installation is complicated, which poses a huge challenge to the construction and maintenance costs of the anechoic chamber, large-scale indoor experimental equipment and working scenes, and actual engineering applications.

In recent years, resonant sound-absorbing structures are often used to solve the problem of sound absorption in low-frequency bands. Resonant sound-absorbing structures are acoustic devices that use resonance effects to enhance sound absorption performance. Based on the resonance phenomenon and acoustic absorption theory, they can achieve efficient sound absorption within a specific frequency range by reasonably designing and adjusting structural parameters. Existing resonant sound-absorbing technologies include thin-film resonant sound-absorbing structures, perforated plate resonant sound-absorbing structures, and micro-slit resonant sound-absorbing structures, but efficient sound absorption in specific low-frequency bands also requires a larger overall thickness. Thin-film resonant sound-absorbing structures are often accompanied by the conversion of sound energy into mechanical energy, but the sound absorption performance of single-layer thin-film structures in low-frequency bands is low. It is necessary to increase the mass and thickness of the film and the number and depth of the air cavities to achieve hybrid resonance between multi-layer thin films and cavities, increase air mass and enhance resonance effects, thereby improving the sound absorption performance in low-frequency bands, which is often accompanied by a larger overall thickness. Perforated plate resonant sound-absorbing structures and micro-slit resonant sound-absorbing structures also require a larger back cavity thickness to achieve perfect absorption of sound waves in low-frequency bands. In addition, resonant sound-absorbing structures usually only have excellent sound absorption performance within the designed resonant frequency band. The sound absorption performance will drop sharply away from the resonant frequency. Resonant sound-absorbing structures with different resonant frequencies can only effectively broaden the sound absorption bandwidth when connected in parallel, but still cannot meet the low-frequency, broadband and efficient sound absorption requirements of practical applications. Therefore, broadband and efficient sound absorption in the low-frequency band is still a major problem.

In summary, the traditional sound-absorbing wedge structure with high efficiency in low-frequency band often increases the construction cost and installation difficulty of the anechoic chamber due to its excessive thickness, which greatly reduces the space utilization rate in the anechoic chamber. The existing resonant sound-absorbing structure is also difficult to achieve high efficiency in low-frequency and broadband sound absorption, and it is even more difficult to have perfect sound absorption performance in the middle and high frequencies of the sound-absorbing wedge. Significantly reducing the overall thickness of the structural module and maintaining its low-frequency and broadband high efficiency sound absorption performance is a very hot technical issue in the field of acoustics. At present, there is no literature disclosing the multi-mechanism coupled full-band acoustic metamaterial sound absorption module and its anechoic chamber used in the present invention.

Summary of the invention

In view of the defects and shortcomings of the existing technology, a multi-mechanism coupled full-band acoustic metamaterial sound absorption module and its anechoic chamber are proposed. The present invention not only maintains similar low-frequency, broadband and high-efficiency sound absorption performance on the basis of greatly reducing the thickness of the traditional wedge structure, but also has the advantages of flexible and adjustable effective frequency band and low cost, which is convenient for engineering application.

In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

A multi-mechanism coupled full-band acoustic metamaterial sound absorption module, which comprises a composite resonance unit and a sound absorption wedge structure;

The composite resonance unit comprises a cavity, an inner insert, a cover plate, and a high-porosity sound-absorbing medium, wherein the upper surface of the cover plate is K and its area is Ks;

The sound absorbing wedge structure includes a porous sound absorbing wedge and a high sound wave transmission layer. Along the direction of sound wave incidence, the cross section of the porous sound absorbing wedge gradually increases, and its maximum cross section is P. The orthographic projection area of P on the K plane is Ps, and (Ks×25%)≤Ps≤(Ks×40%);

The sound absorbing wedge structure and the composite resonance unit are connected in series, and there is a sound wave modulation air domain in the area parallel to the sound absorbing wedge structure. The section of the sound wave modulation air domain parallel to the cover plate is Q, and the area of the section gradually decreases along the direction of sound wave incidence, and its minimum section area is Qs≥Ps×20%;

The cover plate is provided with two or more through holes, each through hole is arranged in a predetermined form, and the position of at least one through hole is staggered with the orthographic projection area of P on the K surface;

The inner tube is hollow, and its port close to the sound wave incident direction is connected to the cover plate, and a port away from the sound wave incident direction is connected to the cavity. The cavity is connected to the sound wave modulation air domain through the inner tube and the through hole, forming a broadband impedance coupling modulation field, realizing low-frequency broadband efficient matching sound absorption.

Furthermore, the sound absorbing wedge structure and the composite resonance unit are in a series relationship, and an air layer of a certain thickness may exist between the wedge structure and the low-frequency resonance superstructure unit.

Furthermore, the high sound wave transmission layer is arranged on the surface of the porous sound absorbing wedge, and the high sound wave transmission layer can be a high-porosity perforated plate, a highly breathable fiber cloth, polyester, cotton cloth, silk screen, porous ceramics, metal foam, or hydrophobic cloth.

Furthermore, the inner insert tube is hollow, and its shape can be circular, rectangular, triangular, pentagonal, hexagonal, rhombus, elliptical or other polygonal.

Furthermore, the high-porosity sound-absorbing medium has an open porosity greater than or equal to 70%, and may be an inorganic fiber-type porous material, an organic fiber-type porous material, a foam-type porous material or a metal-type porous material and a combination thereof, such as melamine foam, glass wool, sponge, rock wool, asbestos, metal foam, ceramic foam and a combination thereof.

The present invention introduces an inner insert tube and a high-porosity sound-absorbing medium to increase the sound quality of the resonance unit and the sound-absorbing surface area and thickness of the sound-absorbing material inside the resonator, thereby adjusting the resonance frequency and resonance mode of the resonance unit, and achieving broadband and efficient enhanced sound absorption in a low-frequency band based on a smaller resonance unit volume.

Furthermore, the cavity includes multiple surrounding walls and an air space in the cavity, the high-porosity sound-absorbing medium is filled between the inner surrounding wall of the cavity and the outer wall of the inner tube, and a transitional air layer of a certain thickness is retained between the high-porosity sound-absorbing medium and the port of the inner tube away from the incident direction of the sound wave.

Furthermore, the porous sound-absorbing wedge is a symmetrical wedge, and along the direction of incidence of the sound wave, the end of the porous sound-absorbing wedge with the smallest cross-section is the tip of the wedge, and the tip of the wedge is a plane; there may be an equal-section layer of a certain thickness at the bottom of the porous sound-absorbing wedge, and the thickness of the equal-section layer is preferably in the range of 50mm-200mm. By changing the cross-sectional change gradient and material of the porous sound-absorbing wedge, and coordinating the modulation of the configuration and size of the cavity and the inner tube, the size of the cover plate opening, and the relationship between the opening and the sound-absorbing wedge and the inner tube, the impedance characteristics of the impedance coupling modulation field can be modulated over a wide frequency, so that the metamaterial sound-absorbing module produces a wide-band multi-mechanism coupling of dissipative sound absorption and resonant sound absorption of the porous material, taking into account the perfect sound absorption characteristics of the sound-absorbing wedge structure above the lower cutoff frequency and the advantages of the low-frequency resonance unit in the low-frequency band broadband and efficient sound absorption, thereby achieving full-band efficient sound absorption.

Specifically, the present invention introduces a composite resonance unit on the basis of the sound-absorbing wedge structure. Since a single resonance unit can produce a resonance effect near the designed frequency, thereby generating a highly efficient resonance absorption peak, according to the resonance coupling effect, by reasonably designing the geometric configuration and size of the resonance unit, multiple resonance absorption peaks with different sound absorption characteristics are connected in parallel, thereby achieving broadband sound absorption in the low frequency band, but its sound absorption performance is reduced.

Furthermore, the composite resonance unit may be in the form of a single layer, or a multi-layer form of two or more layers.

The present invention not only maintains similar low-frequency, broadband and efficient sound absorption performance on the basis of greatly reducing the thickness of the traditional wedge structure, but also has the advantages of flexible and adjustable effective frequency band and low cost, and is convenient for engineering application.

The present invention also provides an acoustic metamaterial anechoic chamber, which comprises two or more acoustic metamaterial sound absorbing modules as described in any one of the above items, and also comprises a partition wall and a passage door.

Furthermore, the acoustic metamaterial sound absorption module is installed on 5 or more sound insulation walls, and the anechoic chamber achieves a low-frequency broadband ultra-quiet effect while greatly reducing the thickness and volume compared to the traditional anechoic chamber.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following technical effects:

The present invention connects multiple composite resonance units with different low-frequency and high-efficiency sound absorption performances in parallel, and forms a full-band metamaterial sound absorption module through coupling with a wedge structure that perfectly absorbs sound at medium and high frequencies. The present invention introduces a composite resonance unit on the basis of the sound-absorbing wedge structure. Since a single resonance unit can produce a resonance effect near the designed frequency, thereby generating an efficient resonance absorption peak, according to the resonance coupling effect, by rationally designing the geometric configuration and size of the resonance unit, multiple resonance absorption peaks with different sound absorption characteristics are connected in parallel, thereby achieving broadband sound absorption in the low-frequency band. The sound-absorbing wedge structure can effectively match the air impedance, reduce the reflection of sound waves, and while gradually dissipating the sound energy, allow the main body of the sound wave to reach the composite resonance unit, thereby exerting its efficient sound absorption performance in a specific frequency band. In addition, the filled porous medium and the inner tube structure can smoothly transition the sound impedance, convert the sound energy into heat energy through the viscosity and heat dissipation mechanism, and significantly improve the low-frequency sound absorption efficiency.

By introducing an inner tube and a high-porosity sound-absorbing medium, the acoustic mass of the resonance unit, the sound-absorbing surface area and the thickness of the sound-absorbing material inside the resonator are increased, the resonance frequency and resonance mode of the resonance unit are adjusted, and broadband and efficient sound absorption in the low-frequency band is achieved on the basis of a smaller resonance unit volume. The cross-sectional change gradient and material of the porous sound-absorbing wedge are changed, and the configuration and size of the cavity and the inner tube are finely and collaboratively designed, the size of the cover opening, and the relationship between the opening and the sound-absorbing wedge and the inner tube can be broadband modulated. The impedance characteristics of the impedance coupling modulation wave field can be generated, so that the metamaterial sound absorption module can produce Geometric sound absorption, viscosity and heat dissipation sound absorption of porous media, Helmholtz resonance sound absorption, impedance matching and transition, multiple reflection and scattering multi-mechanism coupling, effectively couples a variety of sound absorption mechanisms, utilizes the synergistic effect of multiple sound absorption mechanisms, avoids the reflection of sound waves, realizes impedance matching and smooth transition, not only takes into account the perfect sound absorption characteristics above the lower cutoff frequency of the sound-absorbing wedge structure, but also gives play to the advantages of low-frequency resonance unit's low-frequency broadband and efficient sound absorption, improves the sound absorption efficiency, realizes full-band efficient sound absorption, and makes the module more adaptable in different acoustic environments.

In addition, the present invention has a high degree of design flexibility and can combine different modules according to actual needs to adapt to different acoustic environments and sound absorption requirements.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG2 is a three-view diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view (A-A) of an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view (B-B) of an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view (C-C) of an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG6 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a double-layer structure of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a curve diagram of the sound absorption coefficient of the sound absorption module provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the structural installation connection form of the present invention.

In the figure: 1. composite resonance unit; 2. sound absorbing wedge structure; 3. sound wave modulation air domain; 11. cavity; 12. inner tube; 13. cover plate; 14. high porosity sound absorbing medium; 21. porous sound absorbing wedge; 22. high sound wave transmission layer; 4. multi-mechanism coupling full-band acoustic metamaterial sound absorbing module; 5. sound insulation wall; 7. connecting device.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The present invention will be further described below by means of accompanying drawings 1-8 and embodiments:

Embodiment 1: As shown in FIGS. 1-6 , a multi-mechanism coupled full-band acoustic metamaterial sound absorption module 4 is shown, comprising a composite resonance unit 1 and a sound absorption wedge structure 2, wherein the sound absorption wedge structure and the composite resonance unit are in a series relationship, and an air layer of a certain thickness may exist between the wedge structure and the low-frequency resonance superstructure unit, wherein the sound absorption wedge structure comprises a porous sound absorption wedge 21, and a sound wave high transmission layer 22 is arranged on the surface of the porous sound absorption wedge, and along the direction of sound wave incidence, the cross section of the porous sound absorption wedge gradually increases, and its maximum cross section is P, The orthographic projection area of P on the K plane is Ps, and (Ks×25%)≤Ps≤(Ks×40%), there is a sound wave modulation air domain 3 in the adjacent sound absorbing wedge structures, the composite resonance unit includes a cavity 11, an inner insert 12, a cover plate 13, and a high-porosity sound absorbing medium 14, a plurality of cavities are distributed in the composite resonance unit, and in this embodiment, 9 cavities are arranged in a matrix, and the inner insert 12 and the high-porosity sound absorbing medium 14 are inserted into the cavity, the inner insert 12 is hollow, and in this embodiment, a circular structure is adopted, and The diameters of the inner tubes 12 are different. The upper surface of the cover is K, and its area is Ks. The section of the acoustic wave modulation air domain parallel to the cover is Q, and the area of the section gradually decreases along the direction of acoustic wave incidence, and its minimum section area is Qs ≥ Ps × 20%. This clever design makes the section of the acoustic wave modulation air domain parallel to the cover gradually decrease along the direction of acoustic wave incidence, while the cross section of the porous sound absorbing wedge gradually increases. The anti-gradient changes of the two are integrated to achieve the gradual transition and matching of the impedance outside the cavity of the composite resonant structure. In this embodiment, the cover is provided with There are 9 through holes, each of which is arranged in a predetermined form, and the positions of 3 through holes are staggered with the positive projection area of P on the K plane. The staggered distribution of the sequence structure can reduce the interface sound wave reflection disturbance, which is beneficial to the smooth transition of impedance; the inner tube is hollow, and its port close to the sound wave incident direction is connected to the cover plate, and a port away from the sound wave incident direction is connected to the cavity. The inner tube and the through holes will be tuned and connected with the sound wave modulation air domain in the cavity and the sound wave modulation air domain outside the cavity, forming a broadband impedance coupling modulation field, and realizing low-frequency broadband efficient matching sound absorption.

In the above embodiments, the high sound wave transmission layer can be a high-porosity perforated plate, a highly breathable fiber cloth, polyester, cotton cloth, silk screen, porous ceramics, metal foam, or hydrophobic cloth.

In the above embodiment, the inner tube is hollow. In addition to being circular, the embodiment may also be rectangular, triangular, pentagonal, hexagonal, rhombus, elliptical or other polygonal.

In the above embodiments, the open porosity of the high-porosity sound-absorbing medium is greater than or equal to 70%, and may be an inorganic fiber-type porous material, an organic fiber-type porous material, a foam-type porous material or a metal-type porous material and a combination thereof, such as melamine foam, glass wool, sponge, rock wool, asbestos, metal foam, ceramic foam and a combination thereof.

The present invention introduces an inner insert tube and a high-porosity sound-absorbing medium to increase the sound quality of the resonance unit and the sound-absorbing surface area and thickness of the sound-absorbing material inside the resonator, thereby adjusting the resonance frequency and resonance mode of the resonance unit, and achieving broadband and efficient enhanced sound absorption in a low-frequency band based on a smaller resonance unit volume.

The cavity includes multiple surrounding walls and an air domain in the cavity. A high-porosity sound-absorbing medium is filled between the inner surrounding wall of the cavity and the outer wall of the inner insert tube. A transition air layer of a certain thickness is retained between the high-porosity sound-absorbing medium and the port of the inner insert tube away from the incident direction of the sound wave.

The porous sound absorbing wedge is a symmetrical wedge. Along the incident direction of the sound wave, the end with the smallest cross-section of the porous sound absorbing wedge is the tip of the wedge, and the tip of the wedge is a plane. A uniform cross-sectional layer of a certain thickness may exist at the bottom of the porous sound absorbing wedge, and the thickness of the uniform cross-sectional layer is preferably in the range of 50mm-200mm.

The present invention introduces a composite resonance unit on the basis of a sound-absorbing wedge structure. Since a single resonance unit can produce a resonance effect near a designed frequency, thereby generating a highly efficient resonance absorption peak, according to the resonance coupling effect, by reasonably designing the geometric configuration and size of the resonance unit, multiple resonance absorption peaks with different sound absorption characteristics are connected in parallel, thereby achieving broadband sound absorption in a low-frequency band, but its sound absorption performance is reduced.

By changing the cross-sectional gradient and material of the porous sound-absorbing wedge, and coordinating the configuration and size of the cavity and the inner tube, the size of the cover opening, and the relationship between the opening and the sound-absorbing wedge and the inner tube, the impedance characteristics of the impedance coupling modulation field can be modulated over a wide frequency, so that the metamaterial sound-absorbing module can produce a wide-band multi-mechanism coupling of dissipative sound absorption and resonant sound absorption of the porous material, taking into account the perfect sound absorption characteristics of the sound-absorbing wedge structure above the lower cutoff frequency and the advantages of the low-frequency resonance unit in the low-frequency broadband and efficient sound absorption, thereby achieving full-band efficient sound absorption.

In summary, the present invention not only maintains similar low-frequency, broadband and efficient sound absorption performance on the basis of greatly reducing the thickness of the traditional wedge structure, but also has the advantages of flexible and adjustable effective frequency band and low cost, which is convenient for engineering application.

Embodiment 2: As shown in FIG8 , the present invention further provides an acoustic metamaterial anechoic chamber, which comprises two or more acoustic metamaterial sound absorbing modules in Embodiment 1. The structure of the anechoic chamber comprises a partition wall 5 and a passage door. The acoustic metamaterial sound absorbing module can be installed on the partition wall and the passage door through a connecting device 7, or can be directly prepared into a partition wall and a passage door through the acoustic metamaterial sound absorbing module. The anechoic chamber in this embodiment achieves a low-frequency broadband ultra-quiet effect while greatly reducing the thickness and volume compared to the traditional anechoic chamber.

Embodiment 3: The total height of the sound absorption module provided in this embodiment is 900 mm, wherein the height of the sound absorption wedge structure is 477 mm, the composite resonance unit adopts a single-layer structure, the inner tube apertures are 97 mm, 113 mm and 122 mm, respectively, the inner tube lengths are 42 mm, 410 mm and 42 mm, respectively, the high-porosity sound absorption medium adopts melamine foam, the sound wave high transmission layer adopts a porous perforated plate, the material is a galvanized plate, and the perforation rate is 63%. FIG7 shows a curve of the sound absorption coefficient corresponding to this embodiment. It can be seen that in the low-frequency broadband range of 48 to 424 Hz, the sound absorption coefficient is above 0.9, and the average reaches 0.928; in the frequency band range of 425 to 3000 Hz, the sound absorption coefficient is above 0.99 (it can also maintain high-efficiency sound absorption capacity in higher frequency bands); in the low-frequency broadband range of 48 to 3000 Hz, the average sound absorption coefficient reaches 0.987, achieving high-efficiency sound absorption in the full frequency band.

The above are all preferred embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this technical field, without departing from the principle of the present invention, various equivalent modifications to the present invention belong to the protection scope of the claims attached to this application.

Claims (8)

1. A multi-mechanism coupled full-band acoustic metamaterial sound absorption module, characterized in that: the sound absorption module comprises a composite resonance unit (1) and a sound absorption wedge structure (2); the composite resonance unit comprises a cavity (11), an inner tube (12), a cover plate (13) and a high-porosity sound absorption medium (14), the upper surface of the cover plate is K, and its area is Ks; the sound absorption wedge structure comprises a porous sound absorption wedge (21) and a sound wave high transmission layer (22), along the direction of sound wave incidence, the cross section of the porous sound absorption wedge gradually increases, and its maximum cross section is P, the orthographic projection area of P on the K surface is Ps, and (Ks×25%)≤Ps≤(Ks×40%); the sound absorption wedge structure and the composite resonance unit are connected to the sound absorption wedge structure. The units are connected in series, and there is a sound wave modulation air domain (3) in the area parallel to the sound absorption wedge structure. The section of the sound wave modulation air domain parallel to the cover plate is Q, and the area of the section gradually decreases along the sound wave incident direction, and its minimum section area is Qs≥Ps×20%; two or more through holes are arranged on the cover plate, and each through hole is arranged in a predetermined form, and the position of at least one through hole is staggered with the positive projection area of P on the K plane; the inner insert tube is hollow, and its port close to the sound wave incident direction is connected to the cover plate, and a port away from the sound wave incident direction is connected to the cavity. The cavity is connected to the sound wave modulation air domain through the inner insert tube and the through hole, forming a broadband impedance coupling wave modulation field, and realizing low-frequency broadband high-efficiency matching sound absorption; The cavity comprises a plurality of surrounding walls and an air region in the cavity, a high-porosity sound-absorbing medium is filled between the inner surrounding wall of the cavity and the outer wall of the inner insert tube, and a transition air layer of a certain thickness is retained between the high-porosity sound-absorbing medium and the port of the inner insert tube away from the incident direction of the sound wave; The porous sound-absorbing wedge is a symmetrical wedge. Along the incident direction of the sound wave, the end of the porous sound-absorbing wedge with the smallest cross section is the tip of the wedge, and the tip of the wedge is a plane. There is a uniform cross-sectional layer of a certain thickness at the bottom of the porous sound-absorbing wedge. The high sound wave transmission layer is arranged on the surface of the porous sound absorbing wedge; The inner insert tube is hollow. 2. The multi-mechanism coupled full-band acoustic metamaterial sound absorption module according to claim 1 is characterized in that a transition air layer of a certain thickness exists between the sound absorbing wedge structure and the low-frequency resonance superstructure unit. 3. The multi-mechanism coupled full-band acoustic metamaterial sound absorption module according to claim 1 is characterized in that the high sound wave transmission layer is one of a high-porosity perforated plate, a highly breathable fiber cloth, polyester, cotton cloth, a silk screen, a porous ceramic, a metal foam, and a hydrophobic cloth. 4. The multi-mechanism coupled full-band acoustic metamaterial sound absorption module according to claim 1, characterized in that the inner insert tube is circular or polygonal in shape. 5. The multi-mechanism coupled full-band acoustic metamaterial sound absorption module according to claim 1 is characterized in that the opening rate of the high-porosity sound absorption medium is greater than or equal to 70%, and one or more combinations of inorganic fiber-type porous materials, organic fiber-type porous materials, foam-type porous materials or metal-type porous materials are used. 6. The multi-mechanism coupled full-band acoustic metamaterial sound absorption module according to claim 1, characterized in that the composite resonance unit is specifically in the form of a single layer or two layers or more than two layers. 7. An acoustic metamaterial anechoic chamber, characterized in that the anechoic chamber is made of the multi-mechanism coupled full-band acoustic metamaterial sound absorption module according to any one of claims 1 to 6, and the anechoic chamber includes a partition wall and a passage door. 8. The acoustic metamaterial anechoic chamber according to claim 7, characterized in that the multi-mechanism coupled full-band acoustic metamaterial sound absorption module is installed on 5 or more sound insulation walls.