CN118361191B - Vibrator, vibration excitation method and drilling impact method based on drilling fluid pulse impact - Google Patents
Vibrator, vibration excitation method and drilling impact method based on drilling fluid pulse impact Download PDFInfo
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- CN118361191B CN118361191B CN202410798439.7A CN202410798439A CN118361191B CN 118361191 B CN118361191 B CN 118361191B CN 202410798439 A CN202410798439 A CN 202410798439A CN 118361191 B CN118361191 B CN 118361191B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
- E21B7/24—Drilling using vibrating or oscillating means, e.g. out-of-balance masses
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Abstract
The invention discloses a vibration exciter based on drilling fluid pulse impact, a vibration excitation method and a drilling impact method, which belong to the technical field of drilling and comprise an outer shell, wherein an axial vibration assembly and a rotary power assembly are arranged in the outer shell; the axial vibration component comprises a first joint, a mandrel and a piston, and a power spring is arranged between the outer wall of the mandrel and the inner wall of the outer shell; the middle parts of the first joint, the mandrel and the piston are provided with drilling fluid flow passages; the rotary power assembly comprises a shell, a power cavity, a power rod, a spiral auger and an impeller, wherein a pore canal, a power input pore canal and a drainage pore canal are arranged on the shell. When the vibration exciter is applied to horizontal well drilling, the drill rod connected with the first joint can be driven to generate axial vibration, the static friction state of the drill rod is changed into a dynamic friction state, the friction resistance between the drill rod and a well wall is obviously reduced, and the drilling efficiency is improved; when the vibration exciter is applied to impact drilling, the drill bit can be driven to generate axial vibration impact, and the rock breaking efficiency and the drilling efficiency of the drill bit are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of drilling, and particularly relates to a vibration exciter based on drilling fluid pulse impact, a vibration excitation method and a drilling impact method.
Background
Hard formations have poor drillability, low rates of penetration, and long drilling periods are currently challenges for efficient drilling. The local stress of the bottom rock surface is increased, the rock strength is increased, and the conventional drilling technology has low rock breaking efficiency and low drilling efficiency in the process of drilling hard rock stratum, so that the impact drilling technology is generated. However, most of the existing impact drilling tools are impact hammers, and impact fatigue failure is easy to occur due to the hard contact between the impact hammers and the anvil body.
In addition, for the horizontal well, if a sliding drilling mode is adopted in the drilling process of the horizontal well, the drill rod does not rotate, friction between the drill rod and the well wall is overcome by axial force and circumferential force of the drill string, and the friction of the drill rod is increased, so that the drilling efficiency is affected.
Based on the problems, the application provides the vibration exciter based on the drilling fluid pulse impact, the vibration excitation method and the drilling impact method, and when the vibration exciter is applied to horizontal well drilling, the vibration exciter can drive the drill rod connected with the first joint to generate axial vibration, so that the friction condition between the drill rod and the well wall in the well is improved, the static friction state of the drill rod is changed into a dynamic friction state, the friction resistance between the drill rod and the well wall is obviously reduced, and the drilling efficiency is improved; when the vibration exciter is applied to impact drilling, the drill bit can be driven to generate axial vibration impact, and the rock breaking efficiency and the drilling efficiency of the drill bit are improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a vibration exciter based on drilling fluid pulse impact, a vibration excitation method and a drilling impact method.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the vibration exciter based on drilling fluid pulse impact comprises an outer shell, wherein an axial vibration component and a rotary power component are arranged in the outer shell along the axial direction;
The axial vibration assembly comprises a first joint, a mandrel and a piston which are sequentially and coaxially and fixedly connected in an axial direction, and the mandrel is in sliding fit with the inner wall of the outer shell in the axial direction; the first connector extends out of the outer shell from one end of the mandrel, and the piston is positioned in the outer shell and is in axial sealing sliding fit with the inner wall of the outer shell; a power spring is arranged between the outer wall of the mandrel and the inner wall of the outer shell, and the elastic direction of the power spring is parallel to the axial direction of the outer shell;
an excitation cavity is formed in the inner cavity of the outer shell between the piston and the rotary power assembly, and a circulation cavity is formed in the inner cavity of the outer shell at one side, away from the excitation cavity, of the rotary power assembly;
The middle parts of the first joint, the mandrel and the piston are provided with a through drilling fluid flow passage which is communicated with the excitation cavity;
The rotary power assembly comprises a shell fixedly connected with the inner wall of the outer shell, a power cavity extending along the axial direction is arranged in the shell, a power rod is rotationally matched with the power cavity, and a spiral auger is matched with the outer wall of the power rod;
One end of the power rod facing the excitation cavity extends out of the shell and then is connected with the impeller;
The casing is provided with a pore canal which can be communicated with the excitation cavity and the circulation cavity, one end of the casing, which is far away from the impeller, is provided with a power input pore canal which is communicated with the power cavity, one end of the power cavity, which is far away from the power input pore canal, is provided with a drainage pore canal, and the drainage pore canal penetrates through the casing and the outer casing along the radial direction.
Preferably, the outer shell comprises a transmission shell, a first external shell and a second external shell which are coaxially and fixedly connected in sequence along the axial direction;
The inner wall surface of the transmission shell is provided with a hole groove extending along the axial direction, and the outer wall surface of the first joint is provided with a spline which is in sliding fit with the hole groove in the axial direction;
An annular space for placing a power spring is arranged between the outer wall of the mandrel and the inner wall of the first external shell, one end, close to the first joint, of the power spring is fixedly connected with the mandrel, and the other end of the power spring is fixedly connected with the first external shell;
a sealing ring is arranged on the outer wall surface of the piston;
the shell is fixedly connected with the second outer shell.
Preferably, one end of the impeller far away from the shell is provided with an impeller end seat, and the end part of the power rod is in running fit with the impeller end seat;
A drainage ramp is arranged on the end face of the impeller end seat facing the impeller, and a gap is reserved between the radial inner end of the drainage ramp and the radial outer end of the impeller;
And the impeller end seat is provided with a pore canal which is penetrated along the axial direction.
Preferably, one end of the power spring, which is close to the first joint, is fixedly connected with the pretensioner, and the inner wall surface of the pretensioner is in threaded connection with the outer wall surface of the mandrel;
The other end of the power spring is fixedly connected with a limiting check ring, and the limiting check ring is fixedly connected with the first external shell.
Preferably, the pore canal is in an arc-shaped pore structure.
Preferably, the impeller end seat is positioned and connected with the second outer shell body and the shell body is positioned and connected with the second outer shell body through fixing pins.
Preferably, the power input duct is connected with one end of the power input pipeline, and the other end of the power input pipeline passes through the shell and the impeller end seat and then is connected with the excitation cavity.
Preferably, the power input duct is in communication with the flow chamber.
The invention also provides an excitation method based on drilling fluid pulse impact in horizontal well drilling.
A vibration excitation method based on drilling fluid pulse impact in horizontal well drilling is implemented by adopting a vibration exciter based on drilling fluid pulse impact, wherein a first joint at one end of the vibration exciter is connected with a drill rod or a drill collar, and a second outer shell at the other end of the vibration exciter is connected with the drill rod or the drill collar or the drill bit;
the excitation method comprises the following steps:
In the drilling process, drilling fluid enters the vibration exciter along a drilling fluid flow channel, and a part of drilling fluid continuously flows to the circulation cavity along the vibration excitation cavity, the pore canal penetrating through the impeller end seat and the pore canal penetrating through the shell; the other part of drilling fluid enters the power cavity along the power input pipeline and the power input pore canal, and when the drilling fluid entering the power cavity flows, the power rod and the spiral auger are driven to rotate, so that the impeller is driven to rotate; the rotation of the impeller causes the drilling fluid pressure in the excitation cavity to fluctuate, so as to form hydraulic energy with pulse characteristics, and the generated hydraulic energy acts on the piston; the drilling energy of the drill rod or the drill collar connected with the first joint, the generated hydraulic energy and the elastic potential energy of the power spring are mutually coupled to form an oscillating load with the characteristic of reciprocating axial vibration, so that the reciprocating axial vibration of the axial vibration assembly is realized.
The invention also provides a drilling impact method based on the drilling fluid pulse impact.
A drilling impact method based on drilling fluid pulse impact is implemented by adopting a vibration exciter based on drilling fluid pulse impact, a first joint at one end of the vibration exciter is connected with a drill bit, and a second outer shell at the other end of the vibration exciter is connected with a drill rod or a drill collar;
The drilling impact method comprises the following steps:
In the drilling process, drilling fluid enters the vibration exciter along the circulation cavity, and a part of drilling fluid reaches the drill bit along the pore canal penetrating through the shell, the pore canal penetrating through the impeller end seat, the vibration excitation cavity and the drilling fluid flow channel to play a normal role; the other part of drilling fluid enters the power cavity along the power input pore canal, and when the drilling fluid entering the power cavity flows, the power rod and the spiral auger are driven to rotate, so that the impeller is driven to rotate; the rotation of the impeller causes the drilling fluid pressure in the excitation cavity to fluctuate, so as to form hydraulic energy with pulse characteristics, and the generated hydraulic energy acts on the piston; the drilling energy of the drill rod or the drill collar connected with the second outer shell, the generated hydraulic energy and the elastic potential energy of the power spring are mutually coupled to form an oscillating load with the characteristic of reciprocating axial vibration, so that the axial vibration assembly drives the drill bit to vibrate in the reciprocating axial direction.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
When the vibration exciter is applied to horizontal well drilling, the drill rod connected with the first joint can be driven to generate axial vibration, so that the friction condition between the drill rod and the well wall in the well is improved, the static friction state of the drill rod is changed into a dynamic friction state, the friction resistance between the drill rod and the well wall is obviously reduced, and the drilling efficiency is improved; when the vibration exciter is applied to impact drilling, the drill bit can be driven to generate axial vibration impact, and the rock breaking efficiency and the drilling efficiency of the drill bit are improved.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the application and together with the description serve to explain the application.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vibration exciter based on drilling fluid pulse impact in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along A-A of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a B-B cross-sectional view of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a C-C cross-sectional view of FIG. 1;
FIG. 5 is a D-D sectional view of FIG. 1;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a vibration exciter based on drilling fluid pulse impact in embodiment 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is an E-E cross-sectional view of FIG. 6;
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view in the F-F direction of FIG. 6;
FIG. 9 is a G-G cross-sectional view of FIG. 6;
FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view in the H-H direction of FIG. 6;
Wherein:
1-shell, 101-transmission shell, 102-first external shell, 103-second external shell, 2-first connector, 3-mandrel, 301-power spring, 302-pretensioner, 303-limit retainer ring, 4-piston, 401-sealing ring, 5-excitation cavity, 6-drilling fluid runner, 7-power rod, 701-sealing bearing, 8-spiral auger, 9-impeller, 901-impeller end seat, 902-drainage ramp, 10-circulation cavity, 11-pore channel, 12-power cavity, 13-power input pore channel, 1301-power input pipeline, 14-drainage pore channel, 15-power shell, 16-end cover, 17-fixing pin.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the following detailed description is illustrative and is intended to provide further explanation of the application. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, the singular is also intended to include the plural unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, and furthermore, it is to be understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" when used in this specification are taken to specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof.
In the present invention, the terms such as "upper", "lower", "bottom", "top", and the like refer to the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are merely relational terms used for convenience in describing the structural relationships of the various components or elements of the present invention, and are not meant to designate any one component or element of the present invention, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the present invention, terms such as "connected," "connected," and the like are to be construed broadly and mean either fixedly connected or integrally connected or detachably connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium. The specific meaning of the terms in the present invention can be determined according to circumstances by a person skilled in the relevant art or the art, and is not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
The invention will be further described with reference to the drawings and examples.
Example 1:
As shown in fig. 1, the vibration exciter based on drilling fluid pulse impact comprises an outer shell 1, wherein an axial vibration component and a rotary power component are axially arranged in the outer shell 1;
The axial vibration assembly comprises a first joint 2, a mandrel 3 and a piston 4 which are sequentially and coaxially and fixedly connected in an axial direction, and the mandrel 3 is in sliding fit with the inner wall of the outer shell 1 in the axial direction; the first joint 2 extends out of the outer shell 1 from one end far away from the mandrel 3, and the piston 4 is positioned inside the outer shell 1 and is in axial sealing sliding fit with the inner wall of the outer shell 1; a power spring 301 is arranged between the outer wall of the mandrel 3 and the inner wall of the outer shell 1, and the elastic direction of the power spring 301 is parallel to the axial direction of the outer shell 1;
an excitation cavity 5 is formed in the inner cavity of the outer shell 1 between the piston 4 and the rotary power component, and a circulation cavity 10 is formed in the inner cavity of the outer shell 1 at one side, far away from the excitation cavity 5, of the rotary power component;
The middle parts of the first joint 2, the mandrel 3 and the piston 4 are provided with a through drilling fluid flow passage 6, and the drilling fluid flow passage 6 is communicated with the excitation cavity 5;
The rotary power assembly comprises a shell fixedly connected with the inner wall of the outer shell 1, a power cavity 12 extending along the axial direction is arranged in the shell, a power rod 7 is rotatably matched in the power cavity 12, specifically, the power rod 7 is coaxially arranged with the outer shell 1, and a spiral auger 8 is matched on the outer wall of the power rod 7;
one end of the power rod 7 facing the excitation cavity 5 extends out of the shell and is connected with the impeller 9; the power rod 7 is in running fit with the shell through a sealed bearing 701;
The shell is provided with a pore canal 11 which can be communicated with the excitation cavity 5 and the circulation cavity 10, specifically, the shell comprises a power shell 15, two axial ends of the power shell 15 are coaxially and fixedly provided with end covers 16, the end covers 16 are in threaded connection with the power shell 15, the power cavity 12 is arranged in the power shell 15, and the end covers 16 are fixedly connected with a second outer shell 103; the outer diameter of the power shell 15 is smaller than the inner diameter of the shell body 1, an annular transition cavity is formed between the power shell 15 and the shell body 1, as shown in fig. 4, the pore canal 11 is arranged on the end cover 16, and the excitation cavity 5 and the circulation cavity 10 are communicated through the corresponding pore canal 11 and the annular transition cavity; the end of the housing, which is far away from the impeller 9, is provided with a power input duct 13 which is communicated with the power cavity 12, as shown in fig. 5, the end of the power cavity 12, which is far away from the power input duct 13, is provided with a drainage duct 14, and the drainage duct 14 penetrates through the housing and the outer housing 1 along the radial direction.
Preferably, the outer housing 1 includes a transmission housing 101, a first external housing 102, and a second external housing 103, which are coaxially and fixedly connected in sequence along an axial direction;
as shown in fig. 2, an inner wall surface of the transmission housing 101 is provided with a hole groove extending along an axial direction, and an outer wall surface of the first joint 2 is provided with a spline which is in sliding fit with the hole groove along the axial direction so as to transmit torque;
An annular space for placing a power spring 301 is arranged between the outer wall of the mandrel 3 and the inner wall of the first external shell 102, one end, close to the first joint 2, of the power spring 301 is fixedly connected with the mandrel 3, and the other end of the power spring 301 is fixedly connected with the first external shell 102;
A sealing ring 401 is arranged on the outer wall surface of the piston 4, specifically, an annular groove is arranged on the outer surface of the piston 4 and used for placing the O-shaped sealing ring 401, so that drilling fluid is prevented from entering an annular space where the power spring 301 is positioned along the outer side of the piston 4 in the working process;
the housing is fixedly connected to the second housing 103.
Specifically, the transmission housing 101, the first external housing 102 and the second external housing 103 are all in threaded connection; the first joint 2, the mandrel 3 and the piston 4 are all in threaded connection.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 3, an impeller end seat 901 is arranged at one end of the impeller 9 away from the casing, and the end of the power rod 7 is in running fit with the impeller end seat 901;
a drainage ramp 902 is arranged on the end face of the impeller end seat 901 facing the impeller 9, and a gap is reserved between the radial inner end of the drainage ramp 902 and the radial outer end of the impeller 9 so as to control the direction of flowing drilling fluid;
the impeller end seat 901 is provided with a hole 11 which is penetrated along the axial direction.
Preferably, one end of the power spring 301, which is close to the first joint 2, is fixedly connected with the pretensioner 302, and the inner wall surface of the pretensioner 302 is in threaded connection with the outer wall surface of the mandrel 3;
the other end of the power spring 301 is fixedly connected with a limiting retainer ring 303, and the limiting retainer ring 303 is fixedly connected with the first external shell 102.
The pretensioner 302 may be used to set an initial pretension force for the power spring 301 in consideration of different vibration forces that are initially set according to actual demands.
Preferably, the duct 11 has an arc-shaped hole structure.
Preferably, the impeller end seat 901 and the second outer casing 103, and the casing and the second outer casing 103 are all connected by fixing pins 17.
Preferably, the power input duct 13 is connected to one end of the power input pipe 1301, and the other end of the power input pipe 1301 is connected to the excitation chamber 5 after passing through the casing and the impeller end seat 901. Specifically, a through hole matched with the power input pipeline 1301 is formed in the casing and the impeller end seat 901.
Example 2:
Unlike in embodiment 1, the power input duct 13 communicates with the flow chamber 10.
The structure of the vibration exciter based on the drilling fluid pulse impact in example 2 is shown in fig. 6 to 10.
Example 3:
The vibration excitation method based on drilling fluid pulse impact in horizontal well drilling is implemented by adopting the vibration exciter based on drilling fluid pulse impact in the embodiment 1, wherein a first joint 2 at one end of the vibration exciter is connected with a drill rod or a drill collar, and a second outer shell 103 at the other end of the vibration exciter is connected with the drill rod or the drill collar or the drill bit;
the excitation method comprises the following steps:
During the drilling process, drilling fluid enters the vibration exciter along the drilling fluid flow channel 6, and part of the drilling fluid continuously flows to the circulation cavity 10 along the vibration excitation cavity 5, the pore canal 11 penetrating through the impeller end seat 901 and the pore canal 11 penetrating through the shell; the other part of drilling fluid enters the power cavity 12 along the power input pipeline 1301 and the power input pore canal 13, when the drilling fluid entering the power cavity 12 flows, the power rod 7 and the spiral auger 8 are driven to rotate, the impeller 9 is driven to rotate, the rotation of the impeller 9 enables the drilling fluid pressure in the excitation cavity 5 to fluctuate, the hydraulic energy with pulse characteristics is formed, the generated hydraulic energy acts on the piston 4, and the drilling energy of a drill rod or drill collar connected with the first joint 2, the generated hydraulic energy and the elastic potential energy of the power spring 301 are mutually coupled to form an oscillating load with reciprocating axial vibration characteristics, so that the reciprocating axial vibration of the axial vibration assembly is realized.
When the axial vibration component drives the drill rod or the drill collar connected with the first joint 2 to perform reciprocating axial vibration, the friction condition between the drill rod and the well wall in the well is improved, the static friction state of the drill rod is changed into a dynamic friction state, the friction resistance between the drill rod and the well wall is obviously reduced, and the drilling efficiency is improved.
Example 4:
the drilling impact method based on drilling fluid pulse impact is implemented by adopting the vibration exciter based on drilling fluid pulse impact in the embodiment 2, wherein a first joint 2 at one end of the vibration exciter is connected with a drill bit, and a second outer shell 103 at the other end of the vibration exciter is connected with a drill rod or a drill collar;
The drilling impact method comprises the following steps:
During the drilling process, drilling fluid enters the vibration exciter along the circulation cavity 10, and a part of drilling fluid reaches the drill bit along the pore canal 11 penetrating through the shell, the pore canal 11 penetrating through the impeller end seat 901, the vibration excitation cavity 5 and the drilling fluid flow channel 6 to play a normal role; the other part of drilling fluid enters the power cavity 12 along the power input pore canal 13, when the drilling fluid entering the power cavity 12 flows, the power rod 7 and the spiral auger 8 are driven to rotate, the impeller 9 is driven to rotate, the rotation of the impeller 9 enables the drilling fluid pressure in the excitation cavity 5 to fluctuate, the generated hydraulic energy acts on the piston 4, the drilling energy of a drill rod or a drill collar connected with the second housing 103, the generated hydraulic energy and the elastic potential energy of the power spring 301 are mutually coupled, an oscillating load with reciprocating axial vibration characteristics is formed, and therefore the axial vibration assembly is realized to drive the reciprocating axial vibration of the drill bit.
When the axial vibration component drives the drill bit to perform reciprocating axial vibration, axial vibration impact of the drill bit is realized, and rock breaking efficiency and drilling efficiency of the drill bit are improved.
While the foregoing is directed to embodiments of the present invention, other and further embodiments of the invention may be devised without departing from the basic scope thereof, and the scope thereof is determined by the claims that follow.
Claims (10)
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202410798439.7A CN118361191B (en) | 2024-06-20 | 2024-06-20 | Vibrator, vibration excitation method and drilling impact method based on drilling fluid pulse impact |
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| CN202410798439.7A CN118361191B (en) | 2024-06-20 | 2024-06-20 | Vibrator, vibration excitation method and drilling impact method based on drilling fluid pulse impact |
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| CN119393052A (en) * | 2024-10-30 | 2025-02-07 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Underground coordinated speed-up device |
| CN120312121B (en) * | 2025-06-18 | 2025-09-12 | 山西风雷钻具有限公司 | High-strength coalbed methane digital directional cable drill pipe |
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| AT299292B (en) * | 1968-06-29 | 1972-06-12 | Bopparder Maschb Gmbh | Vibration exciter for soil compaction equipment |
| AU2012101626A4 (en) * | 2011-11-01 | 2012-12-06 | Sandvik Mining And Construction Oy | Guide for drilling tool, and drilling unit |
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| CA2257308C (en) * | 1996-06-07 | 2006-04-25 | Rf-Procom As | A hydraulic device to be connected in a pipe string |
| RU59115U1 (en) * | 2006-06-19 | 2006-12-10 | Открытое акционерное общество "Татнефть" им. В.Д. Шашина | VIBRATION DRILLING WELL |
| CN101215954A (en) * | 2008-01-09 | 2008-07-09 | 西南石油大学 | A drive shaft assembly of a screw drilling tool with high sealing performance |
| MX2013000020A (en) * | 2010-07-01 | 2013-02-15 | Flexidrill Ltd | Radial vibrational apparatus. |
| CN106223859B (en) * | 2016-07-21 | 2018-03-23 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Down-hole power formula vibratory impulse drilling tool |
| CN213205535U (en) * | 2020-09-27 | 2021-05-14 | 山河智能装备股份有限公司 | Rock-entering reaming drilling tool |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AT299292B (en) * | 1968-06-29 | 1972-06-12 | Bopparder Maschb Gmbh | Vibration exciter for soil compaction equipment |
| AU2012101626A4 (en) * | 2011-11-01 | 2012-12-06 | Sandvik Mining And Construction Oy | Guide for drilling tool, and drilling unit |
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