CN118315996A - High-voltage precise voltage and current isolation detection and control circuit - Google Patents
High-voltage precise voltage and current isolation detection and control circuit Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
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- H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
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Abstract
Description
技术领域Technical Field
本发明涉及电压电流保护电路技术领域，尤其涉及一种高电压精密电压电流隔离检测与控制电路。The present invention relates to the technical field of voltage and current protection circuits, and in particular to a high-voltage precision voltage and current isolation detection and control circuit.
背景技术Background technique
现有技术中，为了防止电路中的电压电流超过额定值，需要设置用于分别检测电路中电压和电流的电压取样电路和电流取样电路。但是现有技术的缺点在于：电流取样电路采用电流取样电阻取得，电流取样电阻大时，容易获得过流控制信号，但对电流取样电阻（通电时发热严重）通常还需要增加散热器散热，效率低成本高；电流取样电阻小时，效率高，但不容易获得过流控制信号，需要电流放大电路放大，才能达到控制门槛电压，增加成本。多数电路门槛电压大于等于0.2V，且功率接地与控制接地共地，接地干扰很大，影响电流检测的稳定性。电压检测电路也存在上述缺点，在此不一一叙述。In the prior art, in order to prevent the voltage and current in the circuit from exceeding the rated value, it is necessary to set up a voltage sampling circuit and a current sampling circuit for respectively detecting the voltage and current in the circuit. However, the disadvantages of the prior art are: the current sampling circuit adopts a current sampling resistor to obtain. When the current sampling resistor is large, it is easy to obtain an overcurrent control signal, but the current sampling resistor (which generates severe heat when powered on) usually needs to be cooled by a heat sink, which is inefficient and low-cost; when the current sampling resistor is small, the efficiency is high, but it is not easy to obtain an overcurrent control signal, and a current amplifier circuit is required to amplify it to reach the control threshold voltage, which increases the cost. The threshold voltage of most circuits is greater than or equal to 0.2V, and the power ground and the control ground share the same ground, and the ground interference is very large, which affects the stability of current detection. The voltage detection circuit also has the above-mentioned disadvantages, which are not described one by one here.
发明内容Summary of the invention
因此，针对上述的问题，本发明提出一种高电压精密电压电流隔离检测与控制电路，能够大大降低电压和电流取样时的损耗，提高效率，并且降低了接地干扰，电路稳定性好。Therefore, in order to solve the above problems, the present invention proposes a high voltage precision voltage and current isolation detection and control circuit, which can greatly reduce the loss during voltage and current sampling, improve efficiency, reduce ground interference, and have good circuit stability.
为实现上述目的，本发明采用了以下技术方案：To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
一种高电压精密电压电流隔离检测与控制电路，包括：取样端、直流电源端、电阻R1、电阻R2、电阻R3、电阻R4、电阻R5、电阻R6、电阻R7、电阻R8、电阻R9、电阻R10、电阻R11、电阻R12、电阻R13、电流取样电阻Rs、负载电阻RL、电位器RP1、电解电容C1、无极性电容C2、无极性电容C3、无极性电容C4、无极性电容C5、三端稳压管IC2、三端稳压管IC3、三端稳压管IC5、光电耦合器IC1、光电耦合器IC4、开关K1、开关K2、第一接地端和第二接地端；A high voltage precision voltage and current isolation detection and control circuit, comprising: a sampling end, a DC power supply end, a resistor R1, a resistor R2, a resistor R3, a resistor R4, a resistor R5, a resistor R6, a resistor R7, a resistor R8, a resistor R9, a resistor R10, a resistor R11, a resistor R12, a resistor R13, a current sampling resistor Rs, a load resistor RL, a potentiometer RP1, an electrolytic capacitor C1, a non-polar capacitor C2, a non-polar capacitor C3, a non-polar capacitor C4, a non-polar capacitor C5, a three-terminal voltage regulator IC2, a three-terminal voltage regulator IC3, a three-terminal voltage regulator IC5, a photoelectric coupler IC1, a photoelectric coupler IC4, a switch K1, a switch K2, a first ground terminal and a second ground terminal;
取样端分别与电阻R1的第一端、电阻R10的第一端和负载电阻RL的第一端电连接，电阻R1的第二端分别与电阻R3的第一端、电阻R5的第一端、电阻R11的第一端和光电耦合器IC1的阳极电连接，电阻R10的第二端分别与开关K2的第一端、电阻R12的第一端和三端稳压管IC5的参考极电连接，负载电阻RL的第二端分别与电流取样电阻Rs的第一端和电阻R2的第一端电连接，电阻R3的第二端分别与电阻R4的第一端、电位器RP1的输入端、电位器RP1的中间端、三端稳压管IC2的阴极和电解电容C1的正极电连接，电阻R4的第二端分别与电阻R2的第二端、无极性电容C2的第一端、无极性电容C3的第一端和三端稳压管IC3的参考极电连接,电位器RP1的输出端与电阻R7的第一端电连接，电阻R7的第二端与电阻R8的第一端和三端稳压管IC2的参考极电连接,第一接地端分别与电阻R5的第二端、电阻R8的第二端、电阻R12的第二端、电流取样电阻Rs的第二端、电解电容C1的负极、无极性电容C2的第二端、无极性电容C5的第一端、三端稳压管IC2的阳极、三端稳压管IC3的阳极和三端稳压管IC5的阳极电连接,无极性电容C3的第二端连接开关K1的第一端，开关K1的第二端分别连接电阻R6的第一端和三端稳压管IC3的阴极，电阻R6的第二端与光电耦合器IC1的阴极电连接，光电耦合器IC1的集电极与直流电源端电连接，光电耦合器IC1的发射极通过电阻R9与第二接地端电连接,电阻R11的第二端与光电耦合器IC4的阳极电连接，开关K2的第二端与无极性电容C4的第一端电连接，无极性电容C4的第二端分别与光电耦合器IC4的阴极和三端稳压管IC5的阴极电连接，第二接地端分别与电阻R13的第一端和无极性电容C5的第二端电连接，光电耦合器IC4的集电极与直流电源端电连接，光电耦合器IC4的发射极与电阻R13的第二端电连接；光电耦合器IC1的发射极设定为电流信号输出端, 光电耦合器IC4的发射极设定为电压信号输出端。The sampling end is electrically connected to the first end of the resistor R1, the first end of the resistor R10 and the first end of the load resistor RL respectively, the second end of the resistor R1 is electrically connected to the first end of the resistor R3, the first end of the resistor R5, the first end of the resistor R11 and the anode of the photocoupler IC1 respectively, the second end of the resistor R10 is electrically connected to the first end of the switch K2, the first end of the resistor R12 and the reference electrode of the three-terminal voltage regulator IC5 respectively, the second end of the load resistor RL is electrically connected to the first end of the current sampling resistor Rs and the first end of the resistor R2 respectively, the second end of the resistor R3 is electrically connected to the first end of the resistor R4, the potentiometer The input end of RP1, the middle end of the potentiometer RP1, the cathode of the three-terminal voltage regulator IC2 and the positive electrode of the electrolytic capacitor C1 are electrically connected, the second end of the resistor R4 is electrically connected to the second end of the resistor R2, the first end of the non-polar capacitor C2, the first end of the non-polar capacitor C3 and the reference electrode of the three-terminal voltage regulator IC3, the output end of the potentiometer RP1 is electrically connected to the first end of the resistor R7, the second end of the resistor R7 is electrically connected to the first end of the resistor R8 and the reference electrode of the three-terminal voltage regulator IC2, the first grounding end is electrically connected to the second end of the resistor R5, the second end of the resistor R8, the second end of the resistor R12, the current sampling electrode The second end of the resistor Rs, the negative electrode of the electrolytic capacitor C1, the second end of the non-polar capacitor C2, the first end of the non-polar capacitor C5, the anode of the three-terminal voltage regulator IC2, the anode of the three-terminal voltage regulator IC3 and the anode of the three-terminal voltage regulator IC5 are electrically connected, the second end of the non-polar capacitor C3 is connected to the first end of the switch K1, the second end of the switch K1 is respectively connected to the first end of the resistor R6 and the cathode of the three-terminal voltage regulator IC3, the second end of the resistor R6 is electrically connected to the cathode of the photocoupler IC1, the collector of the photocoupler IC1 is electrically connected to the DC power supply end, and the emitter of the photocoupler IC1 is connected to the first end of the photocoupler IC1 through the resistor R9. The two ground terminals are electrically connected, the second end of the resistor R11 is electrically connected to the anode of the photocoupler IC4, the second end of the switch K2 is electrically connected to the first end of the non-polar capacitor C4, the second end of the non-polar capacitor C4 is electrically connected to the cathode of the photocoupler IC4 and the cathode of the three-terminal voltage regulator IC5 respectively, the second ground terminal is electrically connected to the first end of the resistor R13 and the second end of the non-polar capacitor C5 respectively, the collector of the photocoupler IC4 is electrically connected to the DC power supply terminal, and the emitter of the photocoupler IC4 is electrically connected to the second end of the resistor R13; the emitter of the photocoupler IC1 is set as the current signal output terminal, and the emitter of the photocoupler IC4 is set as the voltage signal output terminal.
进一步的，所述三端稳压管IC2、三端稳压管IC3和三端稳压管IC5均采用可控精密稳压源TL431。Furthermore, the three-terminal voltage regulator IC2, the three-terminal voltage regulator IC3 and the three-terminal voltage regulator IC5 all adopt a controllable precision voltage regulator TL431.
进一步的，所述光电耦合器IC1和光电耦合器IC4均采用光电耦合器PC817，所述直流电源端提供+12V直流电压。Furthermore, the photocoupler IC1 and the photocoupler IC4 both use the photocoupler PC817, and the DC power supply terminal provides a +12V DC voltage.
进一步的，所述电阻R1的电阻值为136KΩ，所述电阻R2的电阻值为7.5KΩ，所述电阻R3的电阻值为5.1KΩ，所述电阻R4的电阻值为8.2KΩ，所述电阻R5的电阻值为10KΩ,所述电阻R6的电阻值为1KΩ，所述电阻R7的电阻值为22KΩ，所述电阻R8的电阻值为24KΩ，所述电阻R9的电阻值为10KΩ，所述电阻R10的电阻值为1750KΩ，所述电阻R11的电阻值为1KΩ，所述电阻R12的电阻值为10KΩ，所述电阻R13的电阻值为10KΩ，所述电流取样电阻Rs的电阻值为0.001Ω；Further, the resistance value of the resistor R1 is 136KΩ, the resistance value of the resistor R2 is 7.5KΩ, the resistance value of the resistor R3 is 5.1KΩ, the resistance value of the resistor R4 is 8.2KΩ, the resistance value of the resistor R5 is 10KΩ, the resistance value of the resistor R6 is 1KΩ, the resistance value of the resistor R7 is 22KΩ, the resistance value of the resistor R8 is 24KΩ, the resistance value of the resistor R9 is 10KΩ, the resistance value of the resistor R10 is 1750KΩ, the resistance value of the resistor R11 is 1KΩ, the resistance value of the resistor R12 is 10KΩ, the resistance value of the resistor R13 is 10KΩ, and the resistance value of the current sampling resistor Rs is 0.001Ω;
所述电解电容C1的电容值为47μF，所述无极性电容C2的电容值为104 pF，所述无极性电容C3的电容值为104 pF，所述无极性电容C4的电容值为104 pF，所述无极性电容C5的电容值为103 pF。The capacitance value of the electrolytic capacitor C1 is 47 μF, the capacitance value of the non-polar capacitor C2 is 104 pF, the capacitance value of the non-polar capacitor C3 is 104 pF, the capacitance value of the non-polar capacitor C4 is 104 pF, and the capacitance value of the non-polar capacitor C5 is 103 pF.
进一步的，所述电位器RP1的阻值范围为0-5KΩ。Furthermore, the resistance range of the potentiometer RP1 is 0-5KΩ.
通过采用前述技术方案，本发明的有益效果是：By adopting the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
本发明采用采用超低阻的电流取样电阻Rs（电流取样电阻Rs的电阻值为0.001Ω）进行电流取样，可以取得毫伏级甚至微伏级电流取样信号，电流取样电阻Rs的损耗很低，提高效率。并且电阻R3、电阻R7、电阻R8、电位器RP1、三端稳压管IC2、电解电容C1组成精密可调稳压电路提高电路取样检测的灵敏度，不仅适用于大功率电路过流检测和保护控制场合，也适用微小功率电路过流检测和保护控制场合，采用光电耦合器IC1产生过流保护或线性积分比例放大控制信号，实现过流保护或恒流控制，采用光电耦合器IC4实现稳压控制或过压保护控制。并且降低了接地干扰，提高电路的稳定性。The present invention adopts ultra-low resistance current sampling resistor Rs (the resistance value of current sampling resistor Rs is 0.001Ω) for current sampling, which can obtain millivolt or even microvolt current sampling signals. The loss of current sampling resistor Rs is very low, which improves efficiency. In addition, resistor R3, resistor R7, resistor R8, potentiometer RP1, three-terminal voltage regulator IC2, and electrolytic capacitor C1 form a precision adjustable voltage stabilizing circuit to improve the sensitivity of circuit sampling detection. It is not only suitable for high-power circuit overcurrent detection and protection control occasions, but also for micro-power circuit overcurrent detection and protection control occasions. Photoelectric coupler IC1 is used to generate overcurrent protection or linear integral proportional amplification control signal to realize overcurrent protection or constant current control, and photoelectric coupler IC4 is used to realize voltage stabilization control or overvoltage protection control. It also reduces ground interference and improves the stability of the circuit.
附图说明BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
图1是本发明的电路原理图。FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
现结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明进一步说明。The present invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.
参考图1，本实施例提供一种高电压精密电压电流隔离检测与控制电路，包括：取样端、直流电源端、电阻R1、电阻R2、电阻R3、电阻R4、电阻R5、电阻R6、电阻R7、电阻R8、电阻R9、电阻R10、电阻R11、电阻R12、电阻R13、电流取样电阻Rs、负载电阻RL、电位器RP1、电解电容C1、无极性电容C2、无极性电容C3、无极性电容C4、无极性电容C5、三端稳压管IC2、三端稳压管IC3、三端稳压管IC5、光电耦合器IC1、光电耦合器IC4、开关K1、开关K2、第一接地端和第二接地端。1 , the present embodiment provides a high-voltage precision voltage and current isolation detection and control circuit, including: a sampling end, a DC power supply end, a resistor R1, a resistor R2, a resistor R3, a resistor R4, a resistor R5, a resistor R6, a resistor R7, a resistor R8, a resistor R9, a resistor R10, a resistor R11, a resistor R12, a resistor R13, a current sampling resistor Rs, a load resistor RL, a potentiometer RP1, an electrolytic capacitor C1, a non-polar capacitor C2, a non-polar capacitor C3, a non-polar capacitor C4, a non-polar capacitor C5, a three-terminal voltage regulator IC2, a three-terminal voltage regulator IC3, a three-terminal voltage regulator IC5, a photocoupler IC1, a photocoupler IC4, a switch K1, a switch K2, a first ground terminal, and a second ground terminal.
上述各电子元器件均为现有设备。在本具体实施例中，优选的，上述各电子元器件采用以下型号：All the above electronic components are existing equipment. In this specific embodiment, preferably, the above electronic components adopt the following models:
所述电阻R1的电阻值为136KΩ，所述电阻R2的电阻值为7.5KΩ，所述电阻R3的电阻值为5.1KΩ，所述电阻R4的电阻值为8.2KΩ，所述电阻R5的电阻值为10KΩ,所述电阻R6的电阻值为1KΩ，所述电阻R7的电阻值为22KΩ，所述电阻R8的电阻值为24KΩ，所述电阻R9的电阻值为10KΩ，所述电阻R10的电阻值为1750KΩ，所述电阻R11的电阻值为1KΩ，所述电阻R12的电阻值为10KΩ，所述电阻R13的电阻值为10KΩ，所述电流取样电阻Rs的电阻值为0.001Ω；The resistance value of the resistor R1 is 136KΩ, the resistance value of the resistor R2 is 7.5KΩ, the resistance value of the resistor R3 is 5.1KΩ, the resistance value of the resistor R4 is 8.2KΩ, the resistance value of the resistor R5 is 10KΩ, the resistance value of the resistor R6 is 1KΩ, the resistance value of the resistor R7 is 22KΩ, the resistance value of the resistor R8 is 24KΩ, the resistance value of the resistor R9 is 10KΩ, the resistance value of the resistor R10 is 1750KΩ, the resistance value of the resistor R11 is 1KΩ, the resistance value of the resistor R12 is 10KΩ, the resistance value of the resistor R13 is 10KΩ, and the resistance value of the current sampling resistor Rs is 0.001Ω;
所述电解电容C1的电容值为47μF，所述无极性电容C2的电容值为104 pF，所述无极性电容C3的电容值为104 pF，所述无极性电容C4的电容值为104 pF，所述无极性电容C5的电容值为103 pF；The capacitance value of the electrolytic capacitor C1 is 47 μF, the capacitance value of the non-polar capacitor C2 is 104 pF, the capacitance value of the non-polar capacitor C3 is 104 pF, the capacitance value of the non-polar capacitor C4 is 104 pF, and the capacitance value of the non-polar capacitor C5 is 103 pF;
所述三端稳压管IC2、三端稳压管IC3和三端稳压管IC5均采用可控精密稳压源TL431；The three-terminal voltage regulator IC2, three-terminal voltage regulator IC3 and three-terminal voltage regulator IC5 all adopt the controllable precision voltage regulator TL431;
所述光电耦合器IC1和光电耦合器IC4均采用光电耦合器PC817，所述直流电源端提供+12V直流电压；The photocoupler IC1 and the photocoupler IC4 both use the photocoupler PC817, and the DC power supply terminal provides a +12V DC voltage;
所述电位器RP1的阻值范围为0-5KΩ。The resistance range of the potentiometer RP1 is 0-5KΩ.
应当注意的是，本领域技术人员，应当具备上述电子元器件常规的规格型号选型，在形式上和细节上可以对本发明做出各种变化，均为本发明的保护范围。It should be noted that those skilled in the art should be able to select conventional specifications and models of the above-mentioned electronic components, and may make various changes to the present invention in terms of form and details, all of which are within the protection scope of the present invention.
上述各电子元器件的连接方式为：The connection method of the above electronic components is:
取样端分别与电阻R1的第一端、电阻R10的第一端和负载电阻RL的第一端电连接，电阻R1的第二端分别与电阻R3的第一端、电阻R5的第一端、电阻R11的第一端和光电耦合器IC1的阳极电连接，电阻R10的第二端分别与开关K2的第一端、电阻R12的第一端和三端稳压管IC5的参考极电连接，负载电阻RL的第二端分别与电流取样电阻Rs的第一端和电阻R2的第一端电连接，电阻R3的第二端分别与电阻R4的第一端、电位器RP1的输入端、电位器RP1的中间端、三端稳压管IC2的阴极和电解电容C1的正极电连接，电阻R4的第二端分别与电阻R2的第二端、无极性电容C2的第一端、无极性电容C3的第一端和三端稳压管IC3的参考极电连接,电位器RP1的输出端与电阻R7的第一端电连接，电阻R7的第二端与电阻R8的第一端和三端稳压管IC2的参考极电连接,第一接地端分别与电阻R5的第二端、电阻R8的第二端、电阻R12的第二端、电流取样电阻Rs的第二端、电解电容C1的负极、无极性电容C2的第二端、无极性电容C5的第一端、三端稳压管IC2的阳极、三端稳压管IC3的阳极和三端稳压管IC5的阳极电连接,无极性电容C3的第二端连接开关K1的第一端，开关K1的第二端分别连接电阻R6的第一端和三端稳压管IC3的阴极，电阻R6的第二端与光电耦合器IC1的阴极电连接，光电耦合器IC1的集电极与直流电源端电连接，光电耦合器IC1的发射极通过电阻R9与第二接地端电连接,电阻R11的第二端与光电耦合器IC4的阳极电连接，开关K2的第二端与无极性电容C4的第一端电连接，无极性电容C4的第二端分别与光电耦合器IC4的阴极和三端稳压管IC5的阴极电连接，第二接地端分别与电阻R13的第一端和无极性电容C5的第二端电连接，光电耦合器IC4的集电极与直流电源端电连接，光电耦合器IC4的发射极与电阻R13的第二端电连接；光电耦合器IC1的发射极设定为电流信号输出端, 光电耦合器IC4的发射极设定为电压信号输出端。The sampling end is electrically connected to the first end of the resistor R1, the first end of the resistor R10 and the first end of the load resistor RL respectively, the second end of the resistor R1 is electrically connected to the first end of the resistor R3, the first end of the resistor R5, the first end of the resistor R11 and the anode of the photocoupler IC1 respectively, the second end of the resistor R10 is electrically connected to the first end of the switch K2, the first end of the resistor R12 and the reference electrode of the three-terminal voltage regulator IC5 respectively, the second end of the load resistor RL is electrically connected to the first end of the current sampling resistor Rs and the first end of the resistor R2 respectively, the second end of the resistor R3 is electrically connected to the first end of the resistor R4, the potentiometer The input end of RP1, the middle end of the potentiometer RP1, the cathode of the three-terminal voltage regulator IC2 and the positive electrode of the electrolytic capacitor C1 are electrically connected, the second end of the resistor R4 is electrically connected to the second end of the resistor R2, the first end of the non-polar capacitor C2, the first end of the non-polar capacitor C3 and the reference electrode of the three-terminal voltage regulator IC3, the output end of the potentiometer RP1 is electrically connected to the first end of the resistor R7, the second end of the resistor R7 is electrically connected to the first end of the resistor R8 and the reference electrode of the three-terminal voltage regulator IC2, the first grounding end is electrically connected to the second end of the resistor R5, the second end of the resistor R8, the second end of the resistor R12, the current sampling electrode The second end of the resistor Rs, the negative electrode of the electrolytic capacitor C1, the second end of the non-polar capacitor C2, the first end of the non-polar capacitor C5, the anode of the three-terminal voltage regulator IC2, the anode of the three-terminal voltage regulator IC3 and the anode of the three-terminal voltage regulator IC5 are electrically connected, the second end of the non-polar capacitor C3 is connected to the first end of the switch K1, the second end of the switch K1 is respectively connected to the first end of the resistor R6 and the cathode of the three-terminal voltage regulator IC3, the second end of the resistor R6 is electrically connected to the cathode of the photocoupler IC1, the collector of the photocoupler IC1 is electrically connected to the DC power supply end, and the emitter of the photocoupler IC1 is connected to the first end of the photocoupler IC1 through the resistor R9. The two ground terminals are electrically connected, the second end of the resistor R11 is electrically connected to the anode of the photocoupler IC4, the second end of the switch K2 is electrically connected to the first end of the non-polar capacitor C4, the second end of the non-polar capacitor C4 is electrically connected to the cathode of the photocoupler IC4 and the cathode of the three-terminal voltage regulator IC5 respectively, the second ground terminal is electrically connected to the first end of the resistor R13 and the second end of the non-polar capacitor C5 respectively, the collector of the photocoupler IC4 is electrically connected to the DC power supply terminal, and the emitter of the photocoupler IC4 is electrically connected to the second end of the resistor R13; the emitter of the photocoupler IC1 is set as the current signal output terminal, and the emitter of the photocoupler IC4 is set as the voltage signal output terminal.
其中：in:
由电阻R10和电阻R12组成直流电压取样电路，起控电压为VCS为（单位为V，在本说明书中该单位不进行标注，本领域技术人员根据本说明书应当明白）;The DC voltage sampling circuit is composed of a resistor R10 and a resistor R12, and the starting control voltage is V CS (in V, the unit is not marked in this specification, and those skilled in the art should understand it according to this specification);
VCS=(V0×R12) ÷(R10+R12)≥2.5时才开始控制。Control starts only when V CS =(V 0 ×R12) ÷(R10+R12)≥2.5.
式中：V0代表采样端电压值，在本具体实施例中V0=440V，R10代表电阻R10的电阻值，R12代表电阻R12的电阻值。Wherein: V 0 represents the voltage value of the sampling terminal, in this specific embodiment, V 0 =440V, R10 represents the resistance value of the resistor R10, and R12 represents the resistance value of the resistor R12.
由电阻R1和电阻R5组成降压限流供电电路，电阻R1起降压限流作用（为了满足不同电压和功率要求，电阻R1可以采用多个电阻串联来分担功率），电阻R5起限压作用，提供高压侧小信号处理电路工作电源VCC(或者说是提供给外部电路用的工作电源VCC，工作电源VCC单位为V，在本说明书中该单位不进行标注，本领域技术人员根据本说明书应当明白)。The step-down and current-limiting power supply circuit is composed of resistors R1 and R5. Resistor R1 plays a role of step-down and current-limiting (in order to meet different voltage and power requirements, resistor R1 can use multiple resistors in series to share power), and resistor R5 plays a role of voltage limiting, providing the high-voltage side small signal processing circuit with a working power supply VCC (or providing the working power supply VCC for the external circuit, the unit of the working power supply VCC is V, the unit is not marked in this manual, and technical personnel in this field should understand it based on this manual).
由三端稳压管IC5、光电耦合器IC4、电阻R11、电阻R13、开关K2、以及无极性电容C4组成精密光耦隔离电压控制电路，电阻R11为隔离电阻，保护三端稳压管IC5,电阻R13为光电耦合器IC4发射极负载电阻，开关K2断开时，三端稳压管IC5没有负反馈构成电压比较器，当VCS 大于2.5V时，实现过压保护功能；开关K1闭合时，三端稳压管IC5和无极性电容C4构成积分比例放大电路，VCS等于2.5V，实现稳压控制功能。The precision optocoupler isolation voltage control circuit is composed of a three-terminal voltage regulator IC5, a photocoupler IC4, a resistor R11, a resistor R13, a switch K2, and a non-polar capacitor C4. The resistor R11 is an isolation resistor to protect the three-terminal voltage regulator IC5. The resistor R13 is the emitter load resistor of the photocoupler IC4. When the switch K2 is disconnected, the three-terminal voltage regulator IC5 has no negative feedback to form a voltage comparator. When V CS is greater than 2.5V, the overvoltage protection function is realized. When the switch K1 is closed, the three-terminal voltage regulator IC5 and the non-polar capacitor C4 form an integral proportional amplifier circuit, and V CS is equal to 2.5V, realizing the voltage stabilization control function.
所述电流取样电阻Rs的电阻值为0.001Ω，电流取样电阻Rs产生压降为VS为（单位为V，在本说明书中该单位不进行标注，本领域技术人员根据本说明书应当明白）：The resistance value of the current sampling resistor Rs is 0.001Ω, and the voltage drop generated by the current sampling resistor Rs is V S (the unit is V, and the unit is not marked in this specification, and those skilled in the art should understand it based on this specification):
VS=（V0×Rs）÷(RL+Rs)； VS = ( V0 × Rs) ÷ (RL + Rs);
式中：RL代表电阻RL的电阻值，Rs代表电流取样电阻Rs的电阻值。Wherein: RL represents the resistance value of the resistor RL, and Rs represents the resistance value of the current sampling resistor Rs.
由于电流取样电阻Rs的电阻值很小，压降VS 也很小，大幅度降低电流取样电阻Rs的损耗，提高效率。电阻R3、电阻R7、电阻R8、电位器RP1、三端稳压管IC2、以及电解电容C1组成精密可调稳压电路，电阻R3为限流电阻，电位器RP1、电阻R7、电阻R8组成精密可调稳压电路的电压取样电路，精密可调稳压值为VREF为（单位为V，在本说明书中该单位不进行标注，本领域技术人员根据本说明书应当明白）：Since the resistance value of the current sampling resistor Rs is very small, the voltage drop V S is also very small, which greatly reduces the loss of the current sampling resistor Rs and improves efficiency. Resistor R3, resistor R7, resistor R8, potentiometer RP1, three-terminal voltage regulator IC2, and electrolytic capacitor C1 form a precision adjustable voltage stabilization circuit, resistor R3 is a current limiting resistor, potentiometer RP1, resistor R7, and resistor R8 form a voltage sampling circuit of the precision adjustable voltage stabilization circuit, and the precision adjustable voltage value is V REF (the unit is V, the unit is not marked in this manual, and those skilled in the art should understand it based on this manual):
VREF=2.5×(RP1+R7+R8)÷R8; VREF =2.5×(RP1+R7+R8)÷R8;
式中：RP1代表电位器RP1的电阻值，R7代表电阻R7的电阻值，R8代表电阻R8的电阻值。Wherein: RP1 represents the resistance value of the potentiometer RP1, R7 represents the resistance value of the resistor R7, and R8 represents the resistance value of the resistor R8.
改变电位器RP1的电阻值可以改变VREF的大小，电解电容C1为滤波电容。Changing the resistance value of potentiometer RP1 can change the size of V REF , and electrolytic capacitor C1 is a filter capacitor.
光电耦合器IC1和光电耦合器IC4的驱动门槛电压控制电路由电流取样电阻RS、电阻R2和电阻R4组成，门槛电压VT为（单位为V，在本说明书中该单位不进行标注，本领域技术人员根据本说明书应当明白）：The driving threshold voltage control circuit of the photocoupler IC1 and the photocoupler IC4 is composed of a current sampling resistor RS, a resistor R2 and a resistor R4, and the threshold voltage VT is (in V, the unit is not marked in this specification, and those skilled in the art should understand it based on this specification):
VT=(VREF-2.5)×R2÷R4+VS=2.5;VT=(V REF -2.5)×R2÷R4+V S =2.5;
VS=2.5-(VREF-2.5)×R2÷R4;V S =2.5-(V REF -2.5)×R2÷R4;
式中：R2代表电阻R2的电阻值，R4代表电阻R4的电阻值；Wherein: R2 represents the resistance value of resistor R2, and R4 represents the resistance value of resistor R4;
所以VREF越大，VS越小。Therefore, the larger V REF is, the smaller VS is .
由三端稳压管IC3、光电耦合器IC1、开关K1、电阻R6、电阻R9、无极性电容C2和无极性电容C3组成精密光耦隔离电流控制电路，电阻R6为隔离电阻，保护三端稳压管IC3,电阻R9为光电耦合器IC1发射极负载电阻，开关K1断开时，三端稳压管IC3没有负反馈构成电压比较器，当VT 大于2.5V时，实现过流保护功能；开关K1闭合时，光电耦合器IC1和无极性电容C3构成积分比例放大电路，VT等于2.5V，实现恒流控制功能，无极性电容C2为滤波电容。The precision optocoupler isolation current control circuit is composed of a three-terminal voltage regulator IC3, a photocoupler IC1, a switch K1, a resistor R6, a resistor R9, a non-polar capacitor C2 and a non-polar capacitor C3. The resistor R6 is an isolation resistor to protect the three-terminal voltage regulator IC3. The resistor R9 is the emitter load resistor of the photocoupler IC1. When the switch K1 is disconnected, the three-terminal voltage regulator IC3 has no negative feedback to form a voltage comparator. When VT is greater than 2.5V, the overcurrent protection function is realized. When the switch K1 is closed, the photocoupler IC1 and the non-polar capacitor C3 form an integral proportional amplifier circuit, VT is equal to 2.5V, and the constant current control function is realized. The non-polar capacitor C2 is a filter capacitor.
下面举例分析电路的优势。The advantages of the circuit are analyzed as follows.
若取样端提供直流电压V0=440V,R1=136kΩ，R5=10kΩ，则VCC：If the sampling terminal provides a DC voltage V 0 =440V, R1=136kΩ, R5=10kΩ, then VCC:
VCC=（V0×R5）÷(R1+R5)=30.1370。VCC = (V 0 × R5) ÷ (R1 + R5) = 30.1370.
VCC小于三端稳压管IC3的阴极和阳极之间电压VKA（VKA=37V）和光电耦合器IC1集电极-发射极击穿电压VCEO（VCEO=35V），使它们工作在安全电压范围内。可提供工作电流ICC（单位为mA，在本说明书中该单位不进行标注，本领域技术人员根据本说明书应当明白）：VCC is smaller than the voltage VKA ( VKA = 37V) between the cathode and anode of the three-terminal voltage regulator IC3 and the collector-emitter breakdown voltage VCEO ( VCEO = 35V) of the photocoupler IC1, so that they work within the safe voltage range. The working current ICC can be provided (the unit is mA, which is not marked in this manual, and those skilled in the art should understand it based on this manual):
ICC＞V0÷(R1+R5) =3.01370；I CC ＞V 0 ÷(R1+R5) =3.01370;
式中：R1代表电阻R1的电阻值, R5代表电阻R5的电阻值。Wherein: R1 represents the resistance value of resistor R1, and R5 represents the resistance value of resistor R5.
因为高压侧小信号处理电路（图中未示出，接VCC）与电阻R5并联使用，总电阻将降低，电阻R1最大电流ICCmax（单位为mA，在本说明书中该单位不进行标注，本领域技术人员根据本说明书应当明白）：Because the high-voltage side small signal processing circuit (not shown in the figure, connected to VCC) is used in parallel with the resistor R5, the total resistance will be reduced, and the maximum current I CCmax of the resistor R1 (the unit is mA, the unit is not marked in this manual, and those skilled in the art should understand it based on this manual):
ICCmax＜V0÷R1=3.2353。 ICCmax ＜ V0 ÷R1=3.2353.
因为串联电路电压与电阻大小成正比，只要验证电阻R1的损耗是否落在安全范围内即可。Because the voltage of the series circuit is proportional to the size of the resistance, it is sufficient to verify whether the loss of resistor R1 is within a safe range.
电阻R1的损耗功率PER1为:The power loss P ER1 of resistor R1 is:
PER1＜ICCmax×ICCmax×R1=1.4235；P ER1 ＜I CCmax ×I CCmax ×R1=1.4235;
PER1单位为W，在本说明书中该单位不进行标注，本领域技术人员根据本说明书应当明白。The unit of PER1 is W, which is not marked in this specification and should be understood by those skilled in the art based on this specification.
电阻R1用两个2512封装电阻（最大功率0.75W）串联分担即可。Resistor R1 can be shared by connecting two 2512 package resistors (maximum power 0.75W) in series.
取电位器RP1=5kΩ，电阻R7=22kΩ，电阻R8=24kΩ，电阻R2=7.5kΩ，电阻R4=8.2kΩ；Take potentiometer RP1=5kΩ, resistor R7=22kΩ, resistor R8=24kΩ, resistor R2=7.5kΩ, resistor R4=8.2kΩ;
最小稳压值VREFmin为：The minimum regulation voltage V REFmin is:
VREFmin=2.5×(RP1+R7+R8)÷R8=2.5×（1+22+24）÷24≈4.7917； VREFmin =2.5×(RP1+R7+R8)÷R8=2.5×（1+22+24）÷24≈4.7917;
最小稳压值VREFmax为：The minimum regulation voltage V REFmax is:
VREFmax=2.5×(RP1+R7+R8)÷R8≈2.5×（5+22+24）÷24≈5.3125；V REFmax =2.5×(RP1+R7+R8)÷R8≈2.5×(5+22+24)÷24≈5.3125;
VT=(VREFmax-2.5)×R2÷R4+VS ＞2.5；VT=(V REFmax -2.5)×R2÷R4+V S ＞2.5;
说明已经被关断输出。Indicates that the output has been shut down.
临界关断稳压值VREF为：The critical shutdown regulation voltage V REF is:
VT=(VREF-2.5)×R2÷R4+VS=2.5，计算得到：VT=(V REF -2.5)×R2÷R4+V S =2.5, and we get:
VREF=5.2333；V REF =5.2333;
又因为VREF=2.5×(RP1+R7+R8)=2.5，计算得到：Since V REF =2.5×(RP1+R7+R8)=2.5, we can calculate:
RP1=4.2397，RP1单位为kΩ，在本说明书中该单位不进行标注，本领域技术人员根据本说明书应当明白。RP1=4.2397, the unit of RP1 is kΩ, which is not marked in this specification, and those skilled in the art should understand it based on this specification.
最大电流取样电压VSmax为：The maximum current sampling voltage V Smax is:
VSmax=2.5-( VREFmin-2.5)×R2÷R4=0.4039；VSmax单位为V，在本说明书中该单位不进行标注，本领域技术人员根据本说明书应当明白。 VSmax =2.5-( VREFmin -2.5)×R2÷R4=0.4039; the unit of VSmax is V, which is not marked in the present specification, and those skilled in the art should understand it based on the present specification.
若电流取样电阻Rs=0.01Ω，则：If the current sampling resistor Rs = 0.01Ω, then:
最大电流ISmax= VSmax÷Rs=40.93;Maximum current ISmax = VSmax ÷ Rs = 40.93;
电流取样电阻Rs的功耗为PERs=ISmax×ISmax×Rs=16.7526;The power consumption of the current sampling resistor Rs is P ERs =I Smax ×I Smax ×Rs=16.7526;
最大输出功率P0max= V0×ISmax=18009.2；Maximum output power P 0max = V 0 ×I Smax = 18009.2;
ISmax单位为A，PERs和P0max单位为W，在本说明书中该单位不进行标注，本领域技术人员根据本说明书应当明白（下同）。The unit of ISmax is A, the unit of PERs and P0max is W, and these units are not marked in this specification, and those skilled in the art should understand them based on this specification (the same below).
若电流取样电阻Rs=0.005Ω，则：If the current sampling resistance Rs = 0.005Ω, then:
最大电流ISmax= VSmax÷Rs=81.86;Maximum current ISmax = VSmax ÷ Rs = 81.86;
电流取样电阻Rs的功耗为PERs=ISmax×ISmax×Rs=33.5053;The power consumption of the current sampling resistor Rs is P ERs =I Smax ×I Smax ×Rs=33.5053;
最大输出功率P0max= V0×ISmax=36018.4；Maximum output power P 0max = V 0 ×I Smax = 36018.4;
若电流取样电阻Rs=0.001Ω，则：If the current sampling resistance Rs = 0.001Ω, then:
最大电流ISmax= VSmax÷Rs=409.3；Maximum current ISmax = VSmax ÷ Rs = 409.3;
最大输出功率P0max=V0×ISmax=180092;Maximum output power P 0max =V 0 × ISmax =180092;
电流取样电阻Rs流过电流IS在0～409.3之间取值；The current IS flowing through the current sampling resistor Rs takes values between 0 and 409.3;
若取样电阻Rs=0.001Ω，电流取样电阻Rs流过电流IS=81.86，P0=V0×IS=440×81.86=36018.4；P0为输出功率；If the sampling resistor Rs = 0.001Ω, the current flowing through the current sampling resistor Rs is I S = 81.86, P 0 = V 0 × I S = 440 × 81.86 = 36018.4; P 0 is the output power;
则此时：Then at this time:
电流取样电阻Rs的功耗为PERs=IS×IS×Rs=81.862×0.001=6.7011;The power consumption of the current sampling resistor Rs is P ERs =I S ×I S ×Rs=81.862×0.001=6.7011;
比电流取样电阻Rs=0.005Ω时，最大电流ISmax=81.86A，电流取样电阻Rs的功耗（33.5053）小的多;Compared with the case where the current sampling resistor Rs = 0.005Ω, the maximum current ISmax = 81.86A, and the power consumption of the current sampling resistor Rs (33.5053) is much smaller;
VS=IS×Rs=0.08186；V S =I S ×Rs=0.08186;
VT=(VREF-2.5)×R2÷R4+VS=2.5，求得：VT=(V REF -2.5)×R2÷R4+V S =2.5, we get:
此时，VREF=2.5×(RP1+ R7+ R8)÷R8= 5.1438；At this time, V REF =2.5×(RP1+ R7+ R8)÷R8= 5.1438;
RP1=3.4237。RP1=3.4237.
通过上述计算可知，只要选择超低电阻值的电流取样电阻Rs，调节电位器RP1适当位置，即可获得较小的电流取样电阻Rs损耗，获得很高的输出功率，实现恒流或过流保护控制。From the above calculation, it can be known that as long as a current sampling resistor Rs with an ultra-low resistance value is selected and the potentiometer RP1 is adjusted to an appropriate position, a smaller current sampling resistor Rs loss can be obtained, a very high output power can be obtained, and constant current or overcurrent protection control can be achieved.
尽管结合优选实施方案具体展示和介绍了本发明，但所属领域的技术人员应该明白，在不脱离所附权利要求书所限定的本发明的精神和范围内，在形式上和细节上可以对本发明做出各种变化，均为本发明的保护范围。Although the present invention has been specifically shown and described in conjunction with the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made to the present invention in form and details without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims, all of which are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
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