CN118288129A - Numerical control end face cylindrical grinding machine for efficiently and ultra-precisely grinding high-speed knife handle - Google Patents
Numerical control end face cylindrical grinding machine for efficiently and ultra-precisely grinding high-speed knife handle Download PDFInfo
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- CN118288129A CN118288129A CN202410355912.4A CN202410355912A CN118288129A CN 118288129 A CN118288129 A CN 118288129A CN 202410355912 A CN202410355912 A CN 202410355912A CN 118288129 A CN118288129 A CN 118288129A
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- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 86
- 239000000110 cooling liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004033 diameter control Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002706 hydrostatic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010923 batch production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008358 core component Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003090 exacerbative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007730 finishing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012797 qualification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B5/00—Machines or devices designed for grinding surfaces of revolution on work, including those which also grind adjacent plane surfaces; Accessories therefor
- B24B5/36—Single-purpose machines or devices
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B41/00—Component parts such as frames, beds, carriages, headstocks
- B24B41/04—Headstocks; Working-spindles; Features relating thereto
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B41/00—Component parts such as frames, beds, carriages, headstocks
- B24B41/06—Work supports, e.g. adjustable steadies
- B24B41/067—Work supports, e.g. adjustable steadies radially supporting workpieces
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B47/00—Drives or gearings; Equipment therefor
- B24B47/22—Equipment for exact control of the position of the grinding tool or work at the start of the grinding operation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B5/00—Machines or devices designed for grinding surfaces of revolution on work, including those which also grind adjacent plane surfaces; Accessories therefor
- B24B5/35—Accessories
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/10—Greenhouse gas [GHG] capture, material saving, heat recovery or other energy efficient measures, e.g. motor control, characterised by manufacturing processes, e.g. for rolling metal or metal working
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Constituent Portions Of Griding Lathes, Driving, Sensing And Control (AREA)
- Grinding Of Cylindrical And Plane Surfaces (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a numerical control end face cylindrical grinding machine for efficiently and ultra-precisely grinding a high-speed knife handle, which relates to the field of numerical control grinding machines and comprises a lathe bed, a knife handle outer diameter measuring instrument, an end face measuring instrument, a tail frame device, a headstock device, an upper workbench, a grinding wheel, a lower workbench and an upper workbench angle adjusting device, wherein the lathe bed is arranged on the lathe bed; the tailstock device and the headstock device are arranged on the upper workbench, and the headstock device can move along the connecting line direction of the tailstock device and the headstock device; the cutter handle outer diameter measuring instrument is arranged between the tailstock device and the headstock device; the end face measuring instrument is arranged on one side of the grinding wheel and can measure the end face position of the workpiece. The grinding machine is controlled by the numerical control system, can finish grinding the positioning conical surfaces and the end faces of various knife handles at one time, can be qualified in one-time processing, and is efficient and stable. The cost and the dependence on operators can be greatly reduced, and high processing precision is achieved.
Description
The application relates to a division application of a patent application named as a numerical control end face cylindrical grinder for high-efficiency ultra-precision grinding high-speed knife handle, wherein the application date of the original application is 2021, 11 and 11, and the application number is 202111332690.7.
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of numerically controlled grinding machines, in particular to a numerically controlled end face cylindrical grinding machine for efficiently and ultra-precisely grinding a high-speed knife handle.
Background
In the current machining, various high-end machining centers using high-speed milling and drilling are becoming more common, and a tool shank used for clamping a high-speed rotary tool is a core component affecting machining precision and efficiency and is one of wearing parts of the machine tool. At present, the most widely used high-speed knife handles in China have two types: the structure of the HSK knife handle and the BBT knife handle can reach tens of thousands of revolutions per minute. The highest rotating speed of the traditional BT cutter handle is only 5000 revolutions or more. It is known that high-speed rotating tools generate high centrifugal forces, and therefore require a particularly strong connection between the shank and the spindle. Both tool shanks are capable of high speed rotation, primarily due to their over-positioning design. Wherein the HSK knife handle adopts 1:10, while BBT handles employ 7:24, but requires a close fit between the end face of the machine tool spindle and the end face of the shank.
The special over-positioning structure brings about super-strong rigidity, but brings about common difficulty in processing the cutter handle. The difficulty is mainly that the processing efficiency is low, and the primary yield is unstable; severely relying on the skill experience of the operator. Through investigation, two common pain points of knife handle production enterprises exist. The first is: the over-positioning structure of the cutter handle makes the grinding size not easy to control, and if a manufacturer lacks special finishing equipment, the manufacturer can seriously depend on operators with industry and production experience. Resulting in competition among these experienced industrial workers by multiple enterprises, exacerbating labor costs and instability. Secondly, the knife handle is high in selling price due to the difficulty in processing the knife handle, so that a plurality of factories produce the knife handle, and meanwhile, a plurality of manufacturers are difficult to produce in a large-batch mode due to the plurality of varieties. The production of small batches (20-100 pieces) is normal, which makes machine tool equipment to be adjusted frequently according to different varieties of products. The increase in adjustment and preparation times, which takes up the effective processing time, is inefficient, which means an increase in cost and sales price, which in turn limits the amount of goods delivered, resulting in vicious circle and vicious competition.
There are tens of products in each diameter series, depending on the length. General purpose grinding machines are used to grind tool shanks of different lengths, often requiring adjustment of the tailstock position. The ground part is just nearest to the tailstock, so that each adjustment can force to update grinding parameters and coordinates, and the position of the measuring instrument is adjusted.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide the numerical control end face cylindrical grinding machine for efficiently and ultra-precisely grinding the high-speed knife handle, which can finish the positioning conical surfaces and the end faces of various knife handles at one time by controlling a numerical control system and can achieve the one-time processing qualification; greatly reduces the cost and the dependence on operators.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:
A numerical control end face cylindrical grinding machine for efficiently and ultra-precisely grinding a high-speed knife handle, comprising: the device comprises a lathe bed, a grinding carriage, a tool shank outer diameter measuring instrument, an end face measuring instrument, a tailstock device, a headstock device, an upper workbench, a lower workbench and an upper workbench angle adjusting device; the lower workbench is arranged on the lathe bed, and the upper workbench is arranged on the lower workbench; the upper workbench angle adjusting device is arranged at one end of the short side of the upper workbench; the headstock device is movably arranged on the lathe bed, and the tailstock device is fixedly arranged on the lathe bed; the headstock device can move along the connecting line direction of the tailstock device and the headstock device; the lathe bed is provided with a grinding wheel frame, the grinding wheel frame is provided with a grinding wheel, and the grinding wheel is arranged at one side between the tailstock device and the headstock device; the tool shank outer diameter measuring instrument is arranged between the tailstock device and the headstock device, and the end face measuring instrument is arranged on one side of the grinding wheel and can measure the position of the side end face of the workpiece; the movement of the headstock device along the connecting line direction of the tailstock device and the headstock device is automatically adjusted by the length of a target workpiece;
After the machine tool carries out the finish grinding procedure of the reference end face of the workpiece, the tool shank outer diameter measuring instrument starts to work after finishing grinding of the end face; before the tool shank outer diameter measuring instrument feeds and measures, an end face positioning device of the tool shank outer diameter measuring instrument is opened and fed to a measuring station, the end face positioning device is closed, a positioning friction block fixed on the end face positioning device is tightly attached to a reference end face of a workpiece, the tool shank outer diameter measuring instrument is fixed after adjustment is completed in the process, the tool shank outer diameter measuring instrument carries out on-line measurement and grinding of an outer diameter is controlled, and after the outer diameter grinding is completed, the tool shank measuring instrument is retreated after being loosened, so that the grinding of a target workpiece is completed.
Preferably, the tailstock device is provided with an elastic force adjusting device and a limit switch; the elastic force adjusting device is used for enabling a constant spring force to be always arranged between the top tip of the head after the tail frame device and the head frame device clamp the target workpiece; the limit switch is used for fixing the working position of the tailstock device.
Preferably, the device further comprises a cooling liquid tank, wherein a constant-temperature air conditioner is arranged on the cooling liquid tank; a precise filter bag filter is arranged in the cooling liquid tank; the cooling liquid tank is used for keeping the working temperatures of the target workpiece, the tailstock device and the headstock device constant; the cooling liquid valve on the cooling liquid tank is respectively arranged on the tailstock device and the headstock device; the cooling liquid valve is arranged behind the center of the tailstock device; the constant temperature air conditioner controls the temperature of the cooling liquid to be +/-0.2 ℃, and is provided with a circulating pump to balance the temperature in the cooling liquid tank; the center of the tail frame device is arranged at one end of the tail frame body; the cooling liquid valve is arranged at the top of the tail frame body.
Preferably, the tail frame device comprises a fixed base and a tail frame body, wherein the fixed base is arranged at one end of the upper workbench, two parallel linear guide rails are arranged on the fixed base, the tail frame body is arranged on a sliding block of the linear guide rails, and the tail frame body can slide along the linear guide rails by 8-25mm.
Preferably, a driving motor is arranged on one side, far away from the grinding wheel, of the tail frame body, the driving motor drives a large belt wheel to rotate through a small belt wheel, and the large belt wheel is arranged at one end of a tail frame body sleeve; one side of the tail frame body is provided with a reset spring and a contact switch, and the other side of the tail frame body is provided with a front stop block; the sleeve is a sleeve without sliding expansion, so that the clamping and positioning positions of the target workpiece are fixed.
Preferably, the tailstock device and the headstock device both adopt static pressure structures, and the same static pressure hydraulic station is used, so that the tailstock device and the headstock device of the static pressure structures are used for improving rotation precision, and are not affected by poor roundness of positioning taper holes at two ends of a workpiece when the workpiece is clamped.
Preferably, the headstock device comprises a headstock body and a fixed bottom plate, wherein the fixed bottom plate is mounted on the upper workbench through screws; the linear guide rail is arranged on the fixed bottom plate; the headstock body is arranged on a sliding block between the linear guide rails, and the sliding block can drive the headstock body to slide 300-500mm along the linear guide rails; a driving motor II is arranged on one side of the headstock body, which is far away from the grinding wheel; the second driving motor is connected with a headstock spindle; the conical hole on one side of the headstock spindle is internally provided with a center, the other side of the headstock spindle is provided with a stepping motor, the shaft end of the stepping motor is provided with a driving gear, the driving gear is meshed with a rack, and the rack is arranged on the fixed bottom plate and is parallel to the linear guide rail.
Preferably, locking devices are arranged on two sides of the driving gear and below the stepping motor; the locking device comprises a locking oil cylinder and a lever pressing arm.
Preferably, a grating ruler is arranged on one side of the headstock device; a V-shaped workpiece bracket is arranged between the tailstock device and the headstock device; the second driving motor is matched with the grating ruler for use, so that the working position of the headstock device can be accurately controlled by the system.
Preferably, the upper workbench angle adjusting device comprises a turbine, a worm, a driving motor III and a coupler; the driving motor can drive the turbine and the worm to move through the coupler; the turbine is arranged on one side of the upper workbench; a rotating shaft is arranged between the upper workbench and the lower workbench, and the rotating shaft is arranged between the tailstock device and the headstock device; the rotary shaft uses a conical aligning ball bearing, and the joint surface between the upper workbench and the lower workbench is tightly attached by scraping.
According to the specific embodiment provided by the invention, the invention discloses the following technical effects:
The tailstock device has no sliding telescopic sleeve, the clamping and positioning positions of the workpiece are almost unchanged, the only change is the position of the headstock device and the position of the tool shank outer diameter measuring instrument for each on-line measurement, and the design is very beneficial to improving the repeated precision of each part of the machine tool and reducing the positioning error to the greatest extent.
The tail frame body is provided with an elastic force adjusting device and a limit switch. The design ensures that after the head and tail frames clamp the workpiece, a constant spring force is always arranged between the head and the top, and the spring force can be adjusted steplessly according to the requirement. Meanwhile, the precise limit switch can accurately fix the working position of the tailstock. So that the repeated positioning precision of the last item is optimal.
The headstock device automatically adjusts the position according to the length of the workpiece, the headstock body stably slides 300-500 mm along the linear guide rail, and the headstock driving device and the displacement grating ruler are matched for use, so that the working position of the headstock can be accurately controlled by a system, and workpieces with different lengths of the same model can be processed in a mixed mode. The adjustment time of the machine tool is obviously reduced, the efficiency is greatly improved, and the efficiency of mass production is improved by small-batch production.
The tailstock device and the headstock device are driven by the servo motor, so that synchronous driving can be formed, manual installation of a toggle rotary clamp can be omitted, and a foundation is laid for truly realizing automatic production, greatly reducing dependence on manpower and saving labor cost by matching with the existing mature robotic arm or feeding and discharging device.
The upper workbench can be driven by a servo motor, and can be precisely adjusted to the most appropriate angle through worm and gear transmission, so that the requirement of precise grinding is met.
The constant-temperature cooling liquid tank with precise filtration is provided with the air conditioner with constant cutting liquid temperature, the temperature of the cooling liquid can be controlled to be +/-0.2 ℃, and the temperature in the cooling liquid tank is balanced by the circulating pump, so that the working temperature of a workpiece can be constant, and conditions are created for precise and stable grinding by the tailstock device and the headstock device.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions of the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure shown in FIG. 1A according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a tailstock apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of another tailstock apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a headgear assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of another headgear assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the position of a V-shaped workpiece carrier provided by an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a locking device of a headgear body according to an embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 9 is a schematic view of a structure of a rotating shaft between an upper table and a lower table according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals illustrate:
1. The tool comprises a tool body, 201, a tool shank outer diameter measuring instrument, 202, an end face measuring instrument, 3, a tailstock device, 301, a driving motor, 302, a small belt pulley, 303, a large belt pulley, 304, a fixed base, 305, a tailstock body, 306, a linear guide rail, 307, a return spring, 308, a contact switch, 309, a front stop block, 310, a center, 311, a cooling liquid valve, 312, a pressure oil inlet, 313, a pressure oil outlet, 4, a headstock device, 401, a stepping motor, 402, a fixed base plate, 403, a headstock body, 404, a driving motor II, 406, a driving gear, 407, a rack, 408, a grating ruler, 409, a locking cylinder, 410, a lever pressing arm, 411, a left clamp plate, 412, a right clamp plate, 413, a return spring, 5, an upper work table, 6, a lower work table, 7, an upper work table angle adjusting device, 701, a driving motor III, 702, a coupling, 703, a worm, 704, a pressing device, 705, a turbine, 706, a rotating shaft, 8, a grinding wheel, 9 and a V-shaped workpiece bracket.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In order that the above-recited objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more readily apparent, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings and appended detailed description.
As shown in fig. 1 to 9, the invention provides a numerical control end face cylindrical grinding machine for efficiently and ultra-precisely grinding a high-speed cutter handle, which comprises a machine body 1, a cutter handle outer diameter measuring instrument 201, an end face measuring instrument 202, a tailstock device 3, a headstock device 4, an upper workbench 5, a lower workbench 6 and an upper workbench angle adjusting device 7; the cooling device also comprises a cooling liquid tank, and a constant-temperature air conditioner is arranged on the cooling liquid tank; the cooling liquid tank is internally provided with a precise filter bag filter. A V-shaped workpiece carrier 9 is arranged between the tailstock apparatus 3 and the headstock apparatus 4.
The constant temperature air conditioner is arranged on the cooling liquid tank, the temperature adjustment within 0.5 ℃ can be achieved, the cooling liquid tank is provided with the precise filter bag filter, impurities above 1 micron can be filtered, the filtered cooling liquid can cool workpieces, the shells of the tailstock device 3 and the headstock device 4 are cooled, the relative constant temperature of the rotating tailstock device 3 and headstock device 4 is ensured, and a necessary condition is provided for precise grinding.
The tailstock device 3 and the headstock device 4 are arranged on the lathe bed 1, and the tailstock device 3 can move 8-25 mm along the connecting line direction of the tailstock device 3 and the headstock device 4; the tailstock body 305 adopts a hydrostatic bearing structure (the headstock device 4 also adopts a hydrostatic bearing structure), so that the rotation precision can be less than 0.2 micrometers; the cutter handle outer diameter measuring instrument 201 is arranged between the tailstock device 3 and the headstock device 4; the end face gauge 202 is provided on one side of the grinding wheel 8, and is capable of measuring the side end face position of the workpiece, thereby determining the initial position of the grinding wheel 8 at the time of rapid feed grinding.
The tailstock device 3 and the headstock device 4 can both adopt a static pressure structure, and the same static pressure hydraulic station is used, so that the rotation precision of the tailstock device 3 and the headstock device 4 of the static pressure structure is higher than that of a traditional bearing type by one number level, the tailstock device 3 and the headstock device 4 cannot be affected by poor roundness of positioning taper holes at two ends of a workpiece when the workpiece is clamped, stable and reliable precise grinding can be realized, and the shape precision of each workpiece is guaranteed to be optimal.
For shank outer diameter gauge 201: after the finishing process of the reference end face of the workpiece is performed by the machine tool, the tool shank outer diameter gauge 201 starts to work after finishing the grinding of the end face. Before the tool shank outer diameter measuring instrument 201 feeds and measures, the end face positioning device of the device is opened and fed to the measuring station, the end face positioning device is closed, a positioning friction block fixed on the end face positioning device is tightly attached to the reference end face of the workpiece, the tool shank outer diameter measuring instrument 201 is fixed after adjustment is completed in the process, and at the moment, the tool shank outer diameter measuring instrument 201 can perform online measurement and control outer diameter grinding. After the external diameter grinding is finished, the tool shank measuring instrument is loosened and then retreated, and the workpiece is ground.
The tailstock device 3 comprises a fixed base 304 and a tailstock body 305, wherein the fixed base 304 is arranged at one end of the upper workbench 5, two parallel linear guide rails 306 are arranged on the fixed base 304, and the tailstock body 305 is arranged on the linear guide rails 306. A driving motor 301 is arranged on one side, far away from the grinding wheel 8, of the tail frame body 305, the driving motor 301 drives a large belt pulley 303 to rotate through a small belt pulley 302, and the large belt pulley 303 is arranged at one end of a sleeve of the tail frame body 305; the rear frame body 305 is provided with a return spring 307 and a contact switch 308 on one side and a front stopper 309 on the other side. One end of the tail frame body 305 is provided with a center 310; the top of the tailstock 305 is provided with a coolant valve 311. Wherein the tip 310 is preferably a cemented carbide material.
The headstock device 4 comprises a headstock body 403 and a fixed bottom plate 402, and the fixed bottom plate 402 is mounted on the upper workbench 5 through screws; the precise linear guide 306 is connected with the fixed bottom plate 402; the headstock body 403 is arranged on four sliding blocks between the linear guide rails 306, and the sliding blocks can ensure that the headstock body 403 stably slides along the linear guide rails 306; a second driving motor 404 is arranged on one side of the headstock body 403 far away from the grinding wheel 8; the second driving motor 404 is connected with a main shaft; a tip 310 is arranged in a taper hole on one side of the main shaft, a stepping motor 401 is arranged on the other side of the main shaft, a driving gear 406 is arranged at the shaft end of the stepping motor 401, and the driving gear 406 is meshed with a rack 407. Namely, the second driving motor 404 drives the stepping motor 401 to work, then drives the driving gear 406 to rotate, and finally controls the sliding of the headstock body 403 through the meshing motion of the stepping motor 401 and the rack 407. The stepping motor can realize stable sliding of the headstock body on the precise linear guide rail through meshing of the driving gear and the rack, can adjust the position according to the total length of the workpiece, and has an adjustment range of 300-500mm.
Under the action of the driving motor 301, the large belt pulley 303 and the small belt pulley 302 can be stably driven to rotate, the sleeve is driven to rotate, and the center 310 arranged in the inner hole on the left side of the sleeve is driven to rotate, so that the workpiece can be driven to rotate. Due to the oil film homogenization of the hydrostatic bearing, the rotation and the driving are very stable and stable, and the rotation precision can reach within 0.2 micrometers. In addition, since the precise linear guide rail is installed below the tail frame body, the whole tail frame body 305 can smoothly slide by about 8-25 mm along the rotation axis direction. On the right side of the stationary base 304 are mounted a spring force adjustment means, and a contact position switch 308. After the workpiece is positioned and clamped, the headstock body 403 moves towards the tail frame body 305, and when the workpiece is pressed, the tail frame body 305 and the center 310 move rightwards along the linear guide rail 306 by about 8-15 mm, and the return spring 307 is compressed in the process. When the tail housing 305 is moved to the right and the touch position switch 307 is turned on and signals, the system will stop the movement of the head housing 403 immediately and the position of the head housing 403 will be locked. This is designed to ensure that a clamping force of 50-200N is always applied between the points 310, 310 throughout the grinding process. The clamping force is obtained by compressing the return spring 307. The spring force adjusting device of the spring is internally provided with a jackscrew which can adjust the initial precompression length of the spring. Generally, less compression force is used for HSK handles (with grooves in the rear of the taper shank) that are less rigid, whereas more compression force is used.
Locking devices are arranged on two sides of the driving gear 406 and below the stepping motor 401; the locking device comprises a locking cylinder 409 and a lever pressing arm 410. A grating scale 408 is provided on one side of the headstock device 4.
As shown in fig. 8, the principle of the locking device is: the piston rod of the locking cylinder 409 extends out and presses the lever pressing arm 410, after the lever is amplified by 2 times, the lower end of the lever pressing arm 410 presses one end of the left clamping plate 411, the left clamping plate 411 overcomes the return spring 413 to approach the right clamping plate 412, the left clamping plate 411 and the right clamping plate 412 approach each other, and when the left clamping plate 411 clamps the shaft neck of the driving gear 406, the right clamping plate 412 is driven to clamp the other side of the shaft neck of the driving gear 406 to rotate. Eventually, the drive gear 406 is clamped like pliers, which will be firmly clamped against rotation, and the head body 403 is locked in position. When released, the actions are reversed.
The upper workbench angle adjusting device 7 comprises a turbine 705, a worm 703, a driving motor III 701 and a coupler 702; the third driving motor 701 can drive the turbine 705 and the worm 703 to move through the coupling 702; the turbine 705 is provided on one side of the upper table 5; a rotating shaft 706 is arranged between the upper workbench 5 and the lower workbench 6, and the rotating shaft 706 is arranged between the tailstock device 3 and the headstock device 4; the contact surface between the upper workbench 5 and the lower workbench 6 at the rotary shaft 706 is scraped, so that the contact precision is improved, and the upper workbench and the lower workbench are tightly attached; the rotating shaft 706 comprises a centering rotating shaft, a conical centering ball bearing, a gap adjusting pressure plate and countersunk screws, and the lower half part of the centering rotating shaft is arranged in the lower workbench 6; the gap adjusting pressure plate is arranged above the conical aligning ball bearing and is arranged at the upper part of the conical aligning ball bearing; countersunk screws are arranged on the upper portions of the conical aligning ball bearings, and the tops of the countersunk screws are flush with the upper surface of the upper workbench 5. The conical aligning ball bearing can eliminate the gap, and the joint surface between the upper workbench and the lower workbench is scraped to improve the contact precision, so that the upper workbench and the lower workbench are tightly attached to each other
The upper table 5 is generally adjusted to an angle parallel to the guide rail direction of the lower table 6 with respect to a side line (on the grinding wheel 8 side) of the tapered surface of the shank to be machined. The angle of the upper workbench 5 is adjusted to be convenient for cylindrical grinding and longitudinal polishing of the taper shank, and the shape accuracy and the surface roughness of the taper shank can be improved. The third driving motor 701 drives the coupling 702, then drives the worm 703 to rotate, the worm 703 drives the worm wheel 705 to slowly rotate at a constant speed, and finally the upper workbench 5 is controlled to rotate around the rotating shaft 706. The transmission ratio of the worm to the worm wheel is 1:100 to achieve high controllable rotational accuracy.
After the angle is checked and fine-tuned through trial grinding, parameters corresponding to the position are recorded by the system, and the system can directly drive the coordinate position recorded by the system when the angle is readjusted next time. The hold-down device 704 is in a released state during the angle adjustment process, and is in a hold-down state after the adjustment is completed.
In the present specification, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment is mainly described in a different point from other embodiments, and identical and similar parts between the embodiments are all enough to refer to each other.
The principles and embodiments of the present invention have been described herein with reference to specific examples, the description of which is intended only to assist in understanding the methods of the present invention and the core ideas thereof; also, it is within the scope of the present invention to be modified by those of ordinary skill in the art in light of the present teachings. In view of the foregoing, this description should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a numerical control terminal surface cylindrical grinder of high-efficient ultraprecise grinding high-speed handle of a knife which characterized in that includes: the device comprises a lathe bed, a grinding carriage, a tool shank outer diameter measuring instrument, an end face measuring instrument, a tailstock device, a headstock device, an upper workbench, a lower workbench and an upper workbench angle adjusting device; the lower workbench is arranged on the lathe bed, and the upper workbench is arranged on the lower workbench; the upper workbench angle adjusting device is arranged at one end of the short side of the upper workbench; the headstock device is movably arranged on the lathe bed, and the tailstock device is fixedly arranged on the lathe bed; the headstock device can move along the connecting line direction of the tailstock device and the headstock device; the lathe bed is provided with a grinding wheel frame, the grinding wheel frame is provided with a grinding wheel, and the grinding wheel is arranged at one side between the tailstock device and the headstock device; the tool shank outer diameter measuring instrument is arranged between the tailstock device and the headstock device, and the end face measuring instrument is arranged on one side of the grinding wheel and can measure the position of the side end face of the workpiece; the movement of the headstock device along the connecting line direction of the tailstock device and the headstock device is automatically adjusted by the length of a target workpiece;
After the machine tool carries out the finish grinding procedure of the reference end face of the workpiece, the tool shank outer diameter measuring instrument starts to work after finishing grinding of the end face; before the tool shank outer diameter measuring instrument feeds and measures, an end face positioning device of the tool shank outer diameter measuring instrument is opened and fed to a measuring station, the end face positioning device is closed, a positioning friction block fixed on the end face positioning device is tightly attached to a reference end face of a workpiece, the tool shank outer diameter measuring instrument is fixed after the adjustment is completed, the tool shank outer diameter measuring instrument carries out on-line measurement and grinding of an outer diameter control, and after the outer diameter grinding is completed, the tool shank measuring instrument is retreated after being loosened, so that the grinding of a target workpiece is completed.
2. The numerical control end face cylindrical grinding machine for efficiently and ultra-precisely grinding a high-speed knife handle according to claim 1, wherein the tailstock device is provided with an elastic force adjusting device and a limit switch; the elastic force adjusting device is used for enabling a constant spring force to be always arranged between the top tip of the head after the tail frame device and the head frame device clamp the target workpiece; the limit switch is used for fixing the working position of the tailstock device.
3. The numerical control end face cylindrical grinding machine for the high-speed knife handle for high-efficiency ultra-precision grinding, according to claim 1, further comprises a cooling liquid tank, wherein a constant-temperature air conditioner is arranged on the cooling liquid tank; a precise filter bag filter is arranged in the cooling liquid tank; the cooling liquid tank is used for keeping the working temperatures of the target workpiece, the tailstock device and the headstock device constant; the cooling liquid valve on the cooling liquid tank is respectively arranged on the tailstock device and the headstock device; the cooling liquid valve is arranged behind the center of the tailstock device; the constant temperature air conditioner controls the temperature of the cooling liquid to be +/-0.2 ℃, and is provided with a circulating pump to balance the temperature in the cooling liquid tank; the center of the tail frame device is arranged at one end of the tail frame body; the cooling liquid valve is arranged at the top of the tail frame body.
4. The numerical control end face cylindrical grinding machine for the high-speed knife handle with the efficient ultra-precise grinding function according to claim 1, wherein the tail frame device comprises a fixed base and a tail frame body, the fixed base is arranged at one end of the upper working table, two parallel linear guide rails are arranged on the fixed base, the tail frame body is arranged on a sliding block of the linear guide rails, and the tail frame body can slide along the linear guide rails by 8-25mm.
5. The numerical control end face cylindrical grinding machine for the high-speed knife handle for efficient ultra-precise grinding, according to claim 4, is characterized in that a driving motor is arranged on one side of the tail frame body, which is far away from the grinding wheel, and drives a large belt wheel to rotate through a small belt wheel, and the large belt wheel is arranged at one end of a tail frame body sleeve; one side of the tail frame body is provided with a reset spring and a contact switch, and the other side of the tail frame body is provided with a front stop block; the sleeve is a sleeve without sliding expansion, so that the clamping and positioning positions of the target workpiece are fixed.
6. The numerical control end face cylindrical grinding machine for the high-speed tool shank with the high-efficiency ultra-precision grinding function according to claim 1, wherein the tailstock device and the headstock device are of static pressure structures, and the tailstock device and the headstock device of the static pressure structures are used for improving rotation precision by using the same static pressure hydraulic station, so that the tailstock device and the headstock device are not affected by poor roundness of positioning taper holes at two ends of a workpiece when the workpiece is clamped.
7. The numerical control end face cylindrical grinding machine for high-speed knife handle with high efficiency and ultra-precision grinding as claimed in claim 4, wherein the headstock device comprises a headstock body and a fixed bottom plate, and the fixed bottom plate is mounted on the upper workbench through screws; the linear guide rail is arranged on the fixed bottom plate; the headstock body is arranged on a sliding block between the linear guide rails, and the sliding block can drive the headstock body to slide 300-500mm along the linear guide rails; a driving motor II is arranged on one side of the headstock body, which is far away from the grinding wheel; the second driving motor is connected with a headstock spindle; the conical hole on one side of the headstock spindle is internally provided with a center, the other side of the headstock spindle is provided with a stepping motor, the shaft end of the stepping motor is provided with a driving gear, the driving gear is meshed with a rack, and the rack is arranged on the fixed bottom plate and is parallel to the linear guide rail.
8. The numerical control end face cylindrical grinding machine for efficiently and ultra-precisely grinding a high-speed knife handle according to claim 7, wherein locking devices are arranged on two sides of the driving gear and below the stepping motor; the locking device comprises a locking oil cylinder and a lever pressing arm.
9. The numerical control end face cylindrical grinding machine for efficiently and ultra-precisely grinding a high-speed knife handle according to claim 7, wherein a grating ruler is arranged on one side of the headstock device; a V-shaped workpiece bracket is arranged between the tailstock device and the headstock device; the second driving motor is matched with the grating ruler for use, so that the working position of the headstock device can be accurately controlled by the system.
10. The numerical control end face cylindrical grinding machine for high-efficiency ultra-precision grinding of a high-speed knife handle according to claim 1, wherein the upper workbench angle adjusting device comprises a turbine, a worm, a driving motor III and a coupling; the driving motor can drive the turbine and the worm to move through the coupler; the turbine is arranged on one side of the upper workbench; a rotating shaft is arranged between the upper workbench and the lower workbench, and the rotating shaft is arranged between the tailstock device and the headstock device; the rotary shaft uses a conical aligning ball bearing, and the joint surface between the upper workbench and the lower workbench is tightly attached by scraping.
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| CN202410355912.4A CN118288129A (en) | 2021-11-11 | 2021-11-11 | Numerical control end face cylindrical grinding machine for efficiently and ultra-precisely grinding high-speed knife handle |
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| CN202111332690.7A CN113910022B (en) | 2021-11-11 | 2021-11-11 | Numerical control end face cylindrical grinding machine for efficiently and ultra-precisely grinding high-speed knife handle |
| CN202410355912.4A CN118288129A (en) | 2021-11-11 | 2021-11-11 | Numerical control end face cylindrical grinding machine for efficiently and ultra-precisely grinding high-speed knife handle |
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| CN202111332690.7A Division CN113910022B (en) | 2021-11-11 | 2021-11-11 | Numerical control end face cylindrical grinding machine for efficiently and ultra-precisely grinding high-speed knife handle |
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| CN202410355912.4A Pending CN118288129A (en) | 2021-11-11 | 2021-11-11 | Numerical control end face cylindrical grinding machine for efficiently and ultra-precisely grinding high-speed knife handle |
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| CN114608510B (en) * | 2022-03-29 | 2023-11-24 | 无锡连强智能装备有限公司 | Automatic external diameter measuring device of lathe with accurate measurement effect |
| CN115164686B (en) * | 2022-09-08 | 2022-11-08 | 济南铸信机械有限公司 | Cone crusher barrel size detection device |
| CN117260411B (en) * | 2023-11-15 | 2024-02-13 | 河北力准机械制造有限公司 | Composite machining mechanism and tap machining grinding machine |
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| CN113910022A (en) | 2022-01-11 |
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