CN118257414A - A formwork quick disassembly construction method - Google Patents

A formwork quick disassembly construction method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN118257414A
CN118257414A CN202410517065.7A CN202410517065A CN118257414A CN 118257414 A CN118257414 A CN 118257414A CN 202410517065 A CN202410517065 A CN 202410517065A CN 118257414 A CN118257414 A CN 118257414A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
support
formwork
construction
disassembly
design
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Pending
Application number
CN202410517065.7A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
单立锋
刘维
曾治国
贺理
雍励
廖强
严雄
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Hunan Xiongli Construction Technology Co ltd
Hunan No2 Engineering Co ltd
Original Assignee
Hunan Xiongli Construction Technology Co ltd
Hunan No2 Engineering Co ltd
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Application filed by Hunan Xiongli Construction Technology Co ltd, Hunan No2 Engineering Co ltd filed Critical Hunan Xiongli Construction Technology Co ltd
Priority to CN202410517065.7A priority Critical patent/CN118257414A/en
Publication of CN118257414A publication Critical patent/CN118257414A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G11/00—Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs
    • E04G11/36—Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs for floors, ceilings, or roofs of plane or curved surfaces end formpanels for floor shutterings
    • E04G11/48—Supporting structures for shutterings or frames for floors or roofs
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/16—Structures made from masses, e.g. of concrete, cast or similarly formed in situ with or without making use of additional elements, such as permanent forms, substructures to be coated with load-bearing material
    • E04B1/161—Structures made from masses, e.g. of concrete, cast or similarly formed in situ with or without making use of additional elements, such as permanent forms, substructures to be coated with load-bearing material with vertical and horizontal slabs, both being partially cast in situ
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G11/00—Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs
    • E04G11/02—Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs for rooms as a whole by which walls and floors are cast simultaneously, whole storeys, or whole buildings
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G11/00—Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs
    • E04G11/36—Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs for floors, ceilings, or roofs of plane or curved surfaces end formpanels for floor shutterings
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G11/00—Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs
    • E04G11/36—Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs for floors, ceilings, or roofs of plane or curved surfaces end formpanels for floor shutterings
    • E04G11/48—Supporting structures for shutterings or frames for floors or roofs
    • E04G11/486—Dropheads supporting the concrete after removal of the shuttering; Connecting means on beams specially adapted for dropheads
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G17/00—Connecting or other auxiliary members for forms, falsework structures, or shutterings

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Forms Removed On Construction Sites Or Auxiliary Members Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

一种模板快拆施工方法，属建筑施工技术领域，该方法应用承插型钢管支架，在模板支架设计时预先布置后拆支架，后拆支架立杆顶端插接早拆顶托，后拆支架与施工层水平构件能够共同承受待施工层水平构件自重与施工荷载，具体包括以下步骤：（1）模板的设计与计算；（2）定位放线；（3）模板支架搭设；（4）墙柱钢筋绑扎、墙柱及梁板模板安装；（5）模板验收；（6）混凝土浇捣；（7）分阶段拆模；（8）施工层后拆支架拆除。利用本发明，可实现模板的高效周转和重复使用，提高施工效率，缩短工期，降低施工成本，减少材料消耗，节约资源，符合绿色低碳的发展趋势。

A formwork quick-disassembly construction method belongs to the field of building construction technology. The method uses a socket-type steel pipe support. When designing the formwork support, a rear-disassembly support is pre-arranged. The top of the rear-disassembly support upright is plugged into the early-disassembly top support. The rear-disassembly support and the horizontal component of the construction layer can jointly bear the deadweight and construction load of the horizontal component of the construction layer. The method specifically includes the following steps: (1) design and calculation of the formwork; (2) positioning and laying out; (3) erection of the formwork support; (4) binding of wall column steel bars, installation of wall column and beam and slab formwork; (5) formwork acceptance; (6) concrete pouring; (7) staged formwork removal; (8) removal of the rear-disassembly support of the construction layer. The present invention can realize efficient turnover and reuse of the formwork, improve construction efficiency, shorten construction period, reduce construction cost, reduce material consumption, save resources, and conform to the development trend of green and low-carbon.

Description

Quick-dismantling construction method for formwork
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of concrete structure formwork construction, in particular to a formwork quick-dismantling construction method.
Background
With the continuous development of the building industry, the aluminum mould and the assembly technology in the construction of high-rise residential buildings are increasingly widely applied. However, the basement and low-rise building fields still rely mainly on traditional wood pattern construction techniques. The traditional wood pattern construction has the problems of less turnover times, long occupied time of bracket materials, high construction cost and the like, which is contrary to the current concept of green low-carbon construction.
The invention provides a rapid-disassembly construction method of a template, which is used for promoting green low-carbon construction of a concrete structure template engineering and greatly reducing the template material cost and the template support occupation time.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing the quick-dismantling construction method for the template, which can realize efficient turnover and repeated use of the template, shorten the occupation time of the template support, reduce the construction cost and improve the construction efficiency.
The technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problems is as follows: a quick-dismantling construction method for a formwork, which uses a socket-joint steel pipe support, wherein a rear-dismantling support is arranged in advance during the design of the formwork support, the top end of a vertical rod of the rear-dismantling support is inserted and connected with an early-dismantling jacking, and the rear-dismantling support and a horizontal member of a construction layer can bear the dead weight and the construction load of the horizontal member of the layer to be constructed (the upper layer), and the quick-dismantling construction method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) Designing and calculating a template: the method comprises the steps of calculating and arranging the formwork support, calculating and arranging the rear-dismantling support and the like, calculating and determining the vertical and horizontal distance between the vertical rods of the formwork support, calculating the number of the vertical rods of the rear-dismantling support required by the dead weight and the construction load of the horizontal structure of the layer to be constructed (the upper layer) together with the rear-dismantling support when the concrete of the horizontal member of the construction layer reaches the preset (such as 75%) design strength, designing and arranging the rear-dismantling support, ensuring the stability and the bearing capacity of the formwork support, and simultaneously ensuring the dead weight and the construction load of the structure of the layer to be constructed (the upper layer) together with the rear-dismantling support;
(2) Positioning and paying off: ejecting a center line of the beam, side lines of the column and the control line according to the control line;
(3) Erecting a template support: according to a template design drawing and a positioning paying-off result, a template support is erected, a socket steel pipe support is adopted for the template support, a rear dismantling support is arranged in the template support in advance, and an early dismantling jacking is arranged at the top end of a vertical rod of the rear dismantling support, so that arrangement of the vertical rod of the support, a cross rod of the support and a diagonal rod of the support is ensured to meet design requirements;
(4) Wall column reinforcement and wall column and beam slab template installation: after the formwork support is erected, binding wall column steel bars and installing a wall column formwork, and then installing a beam slab formwork to ensure that the formwork meets design requirements;
(5) And (5) template acceptance: after the template is installed, comprehensive template acceptance is carried out, wherein the template comprises the size, the position, the stability and the like of the template, so that the template installation quality is ensured to meet the design requirement; whether the acceptance template bracket is erected according to the design requirement;
(6) Casting and tamping concrete: the concrete pouring and tamping ensures that the concrete is compact and has no holes and is maintained in time;
(7) Removing the mould in stages: after the concrete of the horizontal member of the construction layer is poured to reach a certain strength, the template is removed in stages according to the design requirement and the construction specification;
(8) Dismantling the support after construction layer: when the construction layer horizontal member concrete meets the form removal condition, namely the concrete meets the strength required by the specification, and the load transferred by the previous layer can be independently supported, the post-disassembly support is removed.
Further, in the step (1), the vertical and horizontal spacing of the formwork support uprights is calculated and determined:
According to the section size of the beam plate in the structural design drawing and the bearable live load, decoration and masonry load and construction load of the beam plate in the description, carrying out stress calculation and design of the formwork support upright poles, and determining the design longitudinal and transverse spacing of the formwork support upright poles;
According to the design of the longitudinal and transverse spacing combined structural form and the construction requirement, the template supports are arranged, the continuous arrangement is taken as a principle, the positions of the beams and the columns are considered, and the longitudinal and transverse spacing of the upright poles of the template supports is not larger than the design of the longitudinal and transverse spacing.
Further, in the step (1), when the concrete of the horizontal member of the construction layer reaches the preset (e.g. 75%) design strength, the concrete and the rear-dismantling support jointly bear magnanimous the dead weight of the horizontal structure of the construction layer (the upper layer) and the number of the vertical rods of the rear-dismantling support required by the construction load, and the rear-dismantling support is designed and arranged:
Calculating the limit bearing load Q n of a single upright rod of the detachable support; calculating an external load Q wn which can be born when the horizontal component of the construction layer reaches the preset (such as 75%) design strength; calculating the dead weight load Q tn+1 and the construction load Q sn+1 of the horizontal structure of the layer to be constructed (the upper layer); calculating the total load Q jmn+1=Qtn+1+Qsn+1 of a layer to be constructed (the upper layer); calculating the number n of vertical rods of the post-dismantling support, wherein n= roundup ((Q jmn+1-Qwn）/Qn, 0);
according to the minimum number of post-dismantling support uprights required by calculation, the design space of the template support uprights is combined, safety is considered, and the post-dismantling support is arranged according to the mid-span arrangement and balanced arrangement principle by combining the construction requirements, wherein the number of post-dismantling support uprights is n' > n.
Further, in the step (7), when the concrete strength of the horizontal member of the construction layer reaches 50% of the design strength, the early-dismantling formwork and all the lunes are dismantled, so that the early-dismantling formwork and all the lunes can be quickly transferred to the next construction section; when the concrete strength of the horizontal member of the construction layer is further enhanced to reach 75% of design strength, the horizontal member of the construction layer and the rear disassembly support can bear the construction load of the layer to be constructed and the dead weight load of the horizontal structure together, and at the moment, all templates and supports except the rear disassembly support are detachable and turnover, so that the occupation time of the template support is further shortened.
Further, the construction layer horizontal member concrete meets the requirement of early dismantling of a 50% design strength template, generally 2-3 days after pouring and tamping, checking a test block dismantling test report under the same condition and carrying out site rebound; the cross rod of the material conveying channel is removed according to the template design, so that personnel and materials can conveniently enter and exit; lowering the tray for early detaching the jacking, taking down all the lunes, taking down the middle early detaching template, and transporting out through the transporting channel to enter the next turnover.
Further, after the construction layer horizontal member concrete meets 75% of design strength, pouring and tamping for 7-10 days, checking a test report of the same-condition demolding test block and performing site rebound; marking a rear disassembly support, checking whether vertical diagonal braces at the periphery of the rear disassembly support are continuously arranged, whether a bolt is knocked down, and whether diagonal rods are loosened; and (3) dismantling the bracket from the inlet, and completely dismantling the rest except the rear dismantling bracket, and cleaning and timely transporting out the material while dismantling.
Further, in the step (8), the rear disassembly bracket is disassembled, the rear disassembly bracket is gradually disassembled from top to bottom, and an operator stands in the rear disassembly bracket; the safety protection articles are used correctly, and measures for preventing the frame body from overturning are taken if necessary; the detached upright rod, cross rod and constructional elements are strictly forbidden to be thrown, and a manual transmission mode is adopted.
The technical principle of the invention is as follows:
(1) An early-dismantling jacking technology, namely an early-dismantling device is introduced, so that the turnover efficiency of the template is improved, and the service life of the template is prolonged;
(2) When the template is designed, not only the dead load and the construction load of the template support bearing the structure of the layer are calculated, but also the dead load and the construction load of the upper layer are calculated together with the rear-dismantling support when the concrete of the horizontal structure of the layer reaches 75% of design strength; considering the arrangement of the rear disassembly brackets in the overall arrangement of the template brackets;
(3) The construction efficiency is improved by adopting a strategy of splitting the formwork in stages, and meanwhile, the safety in the construction process is ensured;
(4) The setting and the dismantling process of the post-dismantling support are focused, so that the safety and the stability of the whole construction process are ensured.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
By introducing an early-dismantling jacking technology and a staged-dismantling strategy, the efficient turnover and repeated use of the template are realized, the construction efficiency is improved, the construction period is shortened, the construction cost is reduced, the material consumption is reduced, the resources are saved, and the development trend of green low carbon is met; the use of green high-efficiency templates and bracket materials is facilitated, and the construction quality is improved; the blind demolding is stopped, the quality problem is reduced, and the service life of the building is prolonged. Meanwhile, the stability and the bearing capacity of the template support are guaranteed through accurate calculation and design, the safety of the construction process is guaranteed, the occurrence of construction accidents is reduced, and the life safety of constructors is guaranteed. In addition, the construction method has the advantages of wide application range, simple and convenient operation, material saving and the like, and has important significance for promoting the development of green low carbon in the building industry.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view of a formwork support of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of a template layout in a planar manner in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional plan view of the 50% design strength demolded of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a bracket removed after 75% design strength retention in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic plan view of a bracket removed after 75% design strength retention in accordance with the present invention;
Reference numerals illustrate: 1. rear detaching the bracket; 2. a support upright rod; 3. a structural beam; 4. a structural panel; 5. a material conveying channel; 6. early dismantling the template; 7. removing the template; 10. early detaching the jacking; 11. double joists; 12. main lunar bone; 13. a secondary rib; 14. a bracket cross bar; 15. a structural column; 16. a bracket diagonal bar; 17. a support layer; 18. a construction layer; 19. and (5) a layer to be constructed.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the drawings and examples.
The method for implementing the wood pattern quick-release construction of the medical comprehensive building of a certain hospital is taken as an example for illustration, and specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) Designing and calculating a template: the method comprises the steps of calculating and arranging the formwork support, calculating and arranging the rear-dismantling support and the like, calculating and determining the vertical and horizontal distance between the vertical rods of the formwork support, calculating the number of the vertical rods of the rear-dismantling support required by the dead weight of the horizontal structure of the layer to be constructed and the construction load of the layer to be constructed together with the rear-dismantling support when the concrete of the horizontal member of the construction layer reaches 75% of design strength, designing and arranging the rear-dismantling support, ensuring the stability and bearing capacity of the formwork support, and simultaneously ensuring the dead weight load and the construction load of the structure of the layer to be constructed together with the horizontal member of the rear-dismantling support;
① Calculating and determining the vertical and horizontal distance of the vertical rods of the template support:
According to the section size of the beam plate in the structural design drawing and the bearable live load, decoration and masonry load and construction load of the beam plate in the description, carrying out stress calculation and design of the vertical rods of the template support, and determining the longitudinal and transverse spacing of the design of the vertical rods of the template support, wherein the longitudinal and transverse spacing is 1200mm and 1500mm respectively; determining the step distance of the cross rod of the template support: 1500mm, 1000mm;
according to the design of the longitudinal and transverse spacing combined structural form and the construction requirement, the template support is designed, the continuous arrangement is taken as a principle, the positions of the beams and the columns are considered, the longitudinal and transverse spacing of the upright poles of the template support is not more than the design longitudinal and transverse spacing, the longitudinal direction is 1200mm, and the transverse direction is 1500mm (material conveying channel) and 1200mm;
② Calculating the number of post-dismantling brackets vertical rods required by the dead weight of the horizontal structure of the layer to be constructed (the upper layer) and the construction load and designing and arranging the post-dismantling brackets when the concrete of the horizontal member of the construction layer reaches 75% of design strength:
Calculating the limit bearing load Q n,Qn =38.6KN of a single upright rod of the detachable support; calculating an external load Q wn,Qwn = 296.62KN which can be born when the horizontal component of the construction layer reaches 75% of the design strength; calculating the dead weight load Q tn+1 and the construction load Q sn+1,Qtn+1=410.16KN,Qsn+1 = 510.18KN of the horizontal structure of the layer to be constructed (the upper layer); calculating the total load Q jmn+1=Qtn+1+Qsn+1,Qjmn+1 = 920.34KN of a layer to be constructed (the upper layer); calculating the number n of vertical rods of the rear detachable support, wherein n= roundup ((Q jmn+1-Qwn）/Qn, 0), and n=16;
according to the minimum number of the post-dismantling support uprights required by calculation, the post-dismantling support is arranged according to the mid-span arrangement and balanced arrangement principle by combining the design space of the template support uprights, considering safety and combining the construction requirement, and n' =18 is taken for arranging the post-dismantling support;
The structural requirement of the rear disassembly bracket is as follows: the rear dismantling support is a part of the template support, is a stressed support of the rest supports and the template after the horizontal component reaches 75% of design strength, and the periphery of the rear dismantling support is required to be vertically and continuously provided with a scissor support or a diagonal support, and the vertical scissor support or the diagonal support arranged on the rear dismantling support cannot be connected with a rod piece outside the rear dismantling support;
(2) Positioning and paying off: ejecting a central line of the beam, a side line of the column and two axes which are vertical to each other in a longitudinal-transverse mode according to the control line and the control line of the column;
(3) Erecting a template support: according to a template design drawing and a positioning paying-off result, a template support is erected, a socket steel pipe support is adopted for the template support, the support is disassembled after being arranged in the template support in advance, and early disassembly jacking is arranged at the top ends of all the template support vertical rods, so that the arrangement of the support vertical rods, the support cross rods and the support diagonal rods meets the design requirements, and the stability and the bearing capacity of the support are ensured;
The post-dismantling support is arranged according to the mid-span arrangement and balanced arrangement principle, a group of post-dismantling supports consisting of 6 support vertical rods are arranged at the mid-span and central positions all around, and early-dismantling jacking (such as an early-dismantling component and an early-dismantling template support (ZL 201810942374.3) of a concrete forming template and an early-dismantling template support (ZL 202120493421.8) of an improved concrete forming template) are arranged at the top ends of the post-dismantling supports;
The planar arrangement schematic diagram of the formwork support upright posts is shown in fig. 1, and the positions and arrangement modes of the rear disassembly support 1, the support upright posts 2, the structural beams 3, the material conveying channels 5, the support cross bars 14 and the structural posts 15 are marked in the schematic diagram;
(4) Wall column reinforcement and wall column and beam slab template installation: after the formwork support is erected, binding wall column steel bars and installing the wall column formworks are carried out, and then installing the beam slab formworks is carried out, so that the formworks are ensured to be installed flatly, without warping and dislocation, the joints are tight, and the design requirement is met;
the schematic of the formwork plane layout is shown in fig. 2, and the positions and arrangements of the structural beams 3, the structural columns 15, the rear dismantling formwork 6 and the early dismantling formwork 7 are marked in the figure: the top of the vertical rod is provided with an early-dismantling jacking, the rear-dismantling template is arranged on the early-dismantling top plate, and the early-dismantling template is arranged between the two rear-dismantling templates;
(5) And (5) template acceptance: after the template is installed, comprehensive template acceptance is carried out, wherein the template comprises the size, the position, the stability and the like of the template, so that the template installation quality is ensured to meet the design requirement; whether the acceptance-removing template support is erected according to the design requirement;
(6) Casting and tamping concrete: the casting and tamping principle of beam slab concrete is to ensure continuous casting from one end, perform layered casting and tamping on a higher beam, keep cement paste to advance along the beam bottom to wrap stones, use stones with small particle size at the joints and fully vibrate, ensure that the concrete is compact and has no holes, and maintain in time after the casting is completed;
(7) Removing the mould in stages: after the concrete of the horizontal member of the construction layer is poured to reach a certain strength, the template is removed in stages according to the design requirement and the construction specification; firstly, when the concrete strength of the horizontal member of the construction layer reaches 50% of the design strength, the early-dismantling formwork 6 (namely the formwork between the two rear-dismantling formworks 7 as shown in the figure) and all the lunar bones are dismantled, so that the lunar bones are quickly transferred to the next construction section; when the concrete strength of the horizontal member of the construction layer is further enhanced and reaches 75% of the design strength, the horizontal member of the construction layer and the rear disassembly support bear the load of the horizontal structure of the layer to be constructed together, and at the moment, all templates and supports except the rear disassembly support can be disassembled and circulated, so that the occupation time of the template support is further shortened;
the sectional plan view of 50% design strength after demolding is shown in fig. 3, and the positions and the relations of the support upright posts 2, the structural beams 3, the structural plates 4, the material conveying channels 5, the early-dismantling jacking 10, the double joists 11, the supporting layer 17 and the construction layer 18 are marked in the drawing;
wherein, the bracket is disassembled after 75% design strength is reserved, as shown in fig. 4, the positions and the relations of the supporting layer 17, the construction layer 18 and the layer 19 to be constructed are marked in the drawing;
the schematic plan view of the support is shown in fig. 5 after the construction layer concrete reaches 75% of design strength and is reserved, and the positions and arrangement modes of the support 1, the support upright 2, the structural beam 3 and the support cross rod 14 are marked in the drawing;
(8) Dismantling the support after construction layer: when the horizontal member concrete of the construction layer meets the form removal condition, namely the concrete meets the design strength required by the specification, and the load transferred by the previous layer can be independently supported, the post-disassembly support is removed.
In the step (7), the construction layer horizontal member concrete meets the requirement of early dismantling of a 50% design strength template, generally 2-3 days after casting and tamping, checking a test block dismantling test report under the same condition and carrying out site rebound; the cross rod of the material conveying channel is removed according to the template design, so that personnel and materials can conveniently enter and exit; lowering the tray for early detaching the jacking, taking down all the lunes, taking down the middle early detaching template, and transporting out through the transporting channel to enter the next turnover.
In the step (7), after the construction layer horizontal member concrete meets 75% of design strength, pouring and tamping for 7-10 days generally, checking a test block inspection report under the same condition and carrying out site rebound; marking a rear disassembly support, checking whether vertical diagonal braces at the periphery of the rear disassembly support are continuously arranged, whether a bolt is knocked down, and whether diagonal rods are loosened; and (3) dismantling the bracket from the inlet, and completely dismantling the rest except the rear dismantling bracket, and cleaning and timely transporting out the material while dismantling.
In the step (8), the rear disassembly bracket is disassembled, gradually disassembled from top to bottom, and an operator stands in the rear disassembly bracket to operate; the safety protection articles are used correctly, and measures for preventing the frame body from overturning are taken if necessary; the detached upright rod, the cross rod and the constructional elements are strictly forbidden to be thrown, and a manual transmission mode is adopted.
Benefit analysis
1. The concrete meets the comparison analysis of the turnover time of 100% design strength template materials at normal temperature, and the concrete results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1
As can be seen from table 1, the transfer efficiency of the formwork with the conventional formwork material is as follows: template 2.14 times, major and minor lunar bones 3 times, template support 1.69 times.
Under the general condition, the beam slab of this layer often satisfies 100% design intensity at concrete, because beam slab design bearing capacity can not satisfy the stack of last layer beam slab dead weight load and construction load, often need wait that last layer beam slab concrete is watered and is smashed to accomplish and just can demolish the template support frame below this layer. The supporting frame which is reserved by 20-30% of the wood pattern quick-dismantling construction method can meet the requirement of bearing the construction load of the upper layer and the dead weight load of the structure together with the horizontal structural member.
The construction area of 2.10000m is analyzed by comparing the economic benefit of the early dismantling of the template with that of the conventional formwork, and the concrete result is shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2
Remarks: according to the construction area main engineering of 10000m, the layer height is 6.6m, and the template expansion coefficient is 2.2.
The construction area of the engineering overhead layer and the skirt building is 80000m, the cost of renting the formwork template and the support material is 280 ten thousand yuan according to the conventional method, the cost of quickly disassembling the formwork is 112 ten thousand yuan, and the cost is 168 ten thousand yuan.
The wood form quick-dismantling construction method greatly improves turnover utilization efficiency, so that material consumption is greatly reduced, and if material transportation cost, material cleaning cost and factors that a template and a bracket material cannot be turned over according to theoretical values due to progress reasons of a conventional formwork are considered, the wood form quick-dismantling economic benefit is often larger.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the invention.

Claims (7)

1.一种模板快拆施工方法，其特征在于：应用承插型钢管支架，在模板支架设计时预先布置后拆支架，后拆支架立杆顶端插接早拆顶托，后拆支架与施工层水平构件能够共同承受待施工层水平构件自重与施工荷载，具体包括以下步骤：1. A formwork quick-disassembly construction method, characterized in that: a socket-type steel pipe support is used, a rear-disassembly support is pre-arranged when designing the formwork support, the top of the rear-disassembly support upright is plugged into the early-disassembly top support, and the rear-disassembly support and the horizontal member of the construction layer can jointly bear the deadweight and construction load of the horizontal member of the construction layer, specifically comprising the following steps: （1）模板的设计与计算：包括模板支架的计算与布置、后拆支架的计算与布置，计算确定模板支架立杆纵横向间距、计算施工层水平构件混凝土达到预设设计强度时与后拆支架共同承受待施工层水平结构自重与施工荷载所需要的后拆支架立杆数量并且设计布置后拆支架，确保模板支架的稳定性和承载能力，同时确保后拆支架与水平构件共同承受上一层结构自重荷载与施工荷载；(1) Design and calculation of formwork: including calculation and arrangement of formwork supports, calculation and arrangement of post-removal supports, calculation and determination of the vertical and horizontal spacing of formwork support poles, calculation of the number of post-removal support poles required for the horizontal structure of the construction layer to be jointly supported by the post-removal supports and the self-weight and construction load of the horizontal structure of the construction layer when the concrete of the horizontal structure of the construction layer reaches the preset design strength, and design and arrangement of the post-removal supports to ensure the stability and bearing capacity of the formwork supports, and at the same time ensure that the post-removal supports and the horizontal structure jointly support the self-weight load and construction load of the upper layer; （2）定位放线：根据控制线弹出梁的中线、柱的边线及控制线；(2) Positioning and setting out: The center line of the beam, the side line of the column and the control line are popped out according to the control line; （3）模板支架搭设：按照模板设计图和定位放线结果，搭设模板支架，模板支架采用承插型钢管支架，预先在模板支架中布置后拆支架，并在后拆支架立杆顶端设置早拆顶托，确保支架立杆、支架横杆和支架斜杆的布置符合设计要求；(3) Formwork support erection: According to the formwork design drawing and positioning and setting-out results, the formwork support is erected. The formwork support adopts a socket-type steel pipe support. The rear-dismantling support is pre-arranged in the formwork support, and an early-dismantling top support is set at the top of the rear-dismantling support vertical rod to ensure that the arrangement of the support vertical rod, support horizontal rod and support diagonal rod meets the design requirements; （4）墙柱钢筋绑扎、墙柱及梁板模板安装：在模板支架搭设完成后，进行墙柱钢筋的绑扎和墙柱模板的安装，然后进行梁板模板的安装，确保模板满足设计要求；(4) Binding of wall column reinforcement and installation of wall column and beam and slab formwork: After the formwork support is erected, the wall column reinforcement is bound and the wall column formwork is installed, and then the beam and slab formwork is installed to ensure that the formwork meets the design requirements; （5）模板验收：完成模板安装后进行全面的模板验收，包括模板的尺寸、位置、稳定性，确保模板安装质量符合设计要求；验收模板支架是否按设计要求搭设；(5) Formwork acceptance: After the formwork is installed, a comprehensive formwork acceptance is carried out, including the size, position, and stability of the formwork to ensure that the quality of the formwork installation meets the design requirements; and whether the formwork support is erected according to the design requirements; （6）混凝土浇捣：混凝土浇捣应确保混凝土密实无空洞并及时养护；(6) Concrete pouring: Concrete pouring should ensure that the concrete is dense and has no voids and should be cured in time; （7）分阶段拆模：在混凝土浇筑达到一定强度后，根据设计要求和施工规范，分阶段进行模板的拆除；(7) Staged formwork removal: After the concrete pouring reaches a certain strength, the formwork is removed in stages according to the design requirements and construction specifications; （8）施工层后拆支架拆除：当施工层水平构件混凝土满足拆模条件，即混凝土满足规范要求的强度，并且可独立支撑上一层传下来的荷载时，拆除后拆支架。(8) Removal of support structures after the construction layer is removed: When the concrete of the horizontal components of the construction layer meets the conditions for demolding, that is, the concrete meets the strength requirements of the specifications and can independently support the load transmitted from the upper layer, the support structures after the construction layer is removed. 2.根据权利要求1所述的模板快拆施工方法，其特征在于：步骤（1）中，计算确定模板支架立杆纵横向间距：2. The formwork quick-disassembly construction method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: in step (1), the vertical and horizontal spacings of the formwork support uprights are calculated and determined: 根据结构设计图中梁板截面尺寸及说明中的梁板可承受的活荷载、装修和砌体荷载、施工荷载，进行模板支架立杆受力计算与设计，确定模板支架立杆的设计纵横向间距；According to the cross-sectional dimensions of the beams and slabs in the structural design drawings and the live loads, decoration and masonry loads, and construction loads that the beams and slabs can bear in the description, the force calculation and design of the formwork support uprights are carried out to determine the design longitudinal and transverse spacing of the formwork support uprights; 根据设计纵横向间距结合结构形式及施工需要进行模板支架的布置，以连续排布为原则，考虑梁柱的位置，模板支架立杆纵横向间距不大于设计纵横向间距。The formwork support is arranged according to the designed longitudinal and transverse spacing combined with the structural form and construction needs, with continuous arrangement as the principle and the position of beams and columns taken into consideration. The longitudinal and transverse spacing of the formwork support uprights shall not be greater than the designed longitudinal and transverse spacing. 3.根据权利要求1或2所述的模板快拆施工方法，其特征在于：步骤（1）中，计算施工层水平构件混凝土达到预设设计强度时与后拆支架共同承担待施工层水平结构自重与施工荷载所需要的后拆支架立杆数量并且设计布置后拆支架：3. The formwork quick-disassembly construction method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: in step (1), the number of rear-disassembly bracket uprights required to bear the deadweight of the horizontal structure of the construction layer and the construction load together with the rear-disassembly bracket is calculated when the concrete of the horizontal component of the construction layer reaches the preset design strength, and the rear-disassembly bracket is designed and arranged: 计算后拆支架单根立杆极限承受荷载Qn；计算施工层水平构件达到预设设计强度时可承受的外加荷载Qwn；计算待施工层的水平结构自重荷载Qtn+1与施工荷载Qsn+1；计算待施工层的总荷载Qjmn+1=Qtn+1+Qsn+1；计算后拆支架的立杆数量n，n=roundup(（Qjmn+1-Qwn）/Qn，0)；Calculate the ultimate load Qn that a single pole of the post-removal support can withstand; calculate the additional load Qwn that the horizontal components of the construction layer can withstand when the preset design strength is reached; calculate the self-weight load Qtn +1 and the construction load Qsn +1 of the horizontal structure of the layer to be constructed; calculate the total load Qjmn +1 =Qtn +1 +Qsn +1 of the layer to be constructed; calculate the number of poles n of the post-removal support, n=roundup(( Qjmn+1 - Qwn )/ Qn , 0); 根据计算需要的后拆支架立杆最小数量，结合模板支架立杆的设计间距，考虑安全性，结合施工的需求，按照跨中布置与均衡布置原则布置后拆支架，后拆支架立杆数量n'>n。According to the calculation of the minimum number of rear-dismantling support poles required, combined with the design spacing of the formwork support poles, considering safety and combining with the needs of construction, the rear-dismantling support is arranged according to the principles of mid-span layout and balanced layout, and the number of rear-dismantling support poles n'>n. 4.根据权利要求1或2所述的模板快拆施工方法，其特征在于：步骤（7）中，当施工层水平构件混凝土强度达到50%设计强度时，拆除早拆模板和所有椤骨，使其迅速周转至下一施工段；当施工层水平构件混凝土强度进一步增强，达到75%设计强度时，施工层水平构件与后拆支架能够共同承受待施工层的施工荷载与水平结构的自重荷载，此时除后拆支架外的所有模板和支架均可拆除并周转，进一步缩短模板支架的占用时间。4. The formwork quick-disassembly construction method according to claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that: in step (7), when the concrete strength of the horizontal component of the construction layer reaches 50% of the design strength, the early-disassembly formwork and all the ribs are removed so that they can be quickly transferred to the next construction section; when the concrete strength of the horizontal component of the construction layer is further enhanced and reaches 75% of the design strength, the horizontal component of the construction layer and the post-disassembly support can jointly bear the construction load of the layer to be constructed and the deadweight load of the horizontal structure. At this time, all formworks and supports except the post-disassembly support can be removed and transferred, further shortening the occupation time of the formwork support. 5.根据权利要求4所述的模板快拆施工方法，其特征在于：施工层水平构件混凝土满足50%设计强度模板早拆，一般浇捣后2～3天，查验同条件拆模试块检验报告并进行现场回弹；按照模板设计将运料通道的横杆拆除方便人员及材料进出；下降早拆顶托的托盘，将所有的椤骨取下，将中间早拆模板取下，通过运料通道运出进入下一次周转。5. The formwork quick-disassembly construction method according to claim 4 is characterized in that: when the concrete of the horizontal component of the construction layer meets 50% of the design strength, the formwork is dismantled early, generally 2 to 3 days after pouring, the inspection report of the test block dismantled under the same conditions is checked and on-site rebound is performed; the crossbar of the material transport channel is dismantled according to the formwork design to facilitate the entry and exit of personnel and materials; the pallet of the early-disassembly top support is lowered, all the ribs are removed, the middle early-disassembly formwork is removed, and it is transported out through the material transport channel to enter the next turnover. 6.根据权利要求4所述的模板快拆施工方法，其特征在于：施工层水平构件混凝土满足75%设计强度后，一般浇捣后7～10天，查验同条件拆模试块检验报告并进行现场回弹；标记后拆支架，检查后拆支架外围竖向斜撑是否连续设置，插销是否敲竖，斜杆是否松动；从入口处开始拆除支架，除后拆支架外其余全部拆除，边拆边将材料清理及时运出。6. The formwork quick-disassembly construction method according to claim 4 is characterized in that: after the concrete of the horizontal component of the construction layer meets 75% of the design strength, generally 7 to 10 days after pouring, the inspection report of the test block for demolding under the same conditions is checked and on-site rebound is performed; the rear-disassembly bracket is marked, and it is checked whether the vertical diagonal braces on the periphery of the rear-disassembly bracket are continuously set, whether the pins are knocked vertically, and whether the diagonal rods are loose; the brackets are dismantled starting from the entrance, and all except the rear-disassembly brackets are dismantled, and the materials are cleaned and transported out in time while dismantling. 7.根据权利要求1或2所述的模板快拆施工方法，其特征在于：步骤（8）中，后拆支架拆除，从上往下逐步拆除，操作工人站在后拆支架内；正确使用安全防护用品，必要时采取防止架体倾覆的措施；拆除的立杆、横杆及构配件严禁抛掷，采用人工传递的方式。7. The formwork quick-disassembly construction method according to claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that: in step (8), the rear disassembly bracket is dismantled step by step from top to bottom, and the operator stands in the rear disassembly bracket; safety protection equipment is used correctly, and measures are taken to prevent the frame from overturning when necessary; the dismantled vertical poles, horizontal poles and components are strictly prohibited from being thrown, and are transferred manually.
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