CN118184068B - A medical wastewater treatment process - Google Patents
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- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F9/00—Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
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- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/32—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by electrical effects other than those provided for in group B01D61/00
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- C02F11/004—Sludge detoxification
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- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/12—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening
- C02F11/14—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening with addition of chemical agents
- C02F11/143—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening with addition of chemical agents using inorganic substances
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01D2259/80—Employing electric, magnetic, electromagnetic or wave energy, or particle radiation
- B01D2259/818—Employing electrical discharges or the generation of a plasma
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- C02F1/001—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance
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- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/30—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiation
- C02F1/32—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiation with ultraviolet light
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- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
- C02F1/467—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electrochemical disinfection; by electrooxydation or by electroreduction
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Abstract
Description
技术领域Technical Field
本发明属于医疗废水处理技术领域，具体涉及一种医疗废水处理工艺。The invention belongs to the technical field of medical wastewater treatment, and specifically relates to a medical wastewater treatment process.
背景技术Background Art
目前，医院污水来源及成分复杂，危害性大，来源主要是医院的诊疗室、化验室、病房、洗衣房、X片照相室和手术室等排放的污水。污水中含有大量的病原细菌、病毒和药剂，主要有以下几类污染物：CODCr，BOD5，氨氮，硫化物，病菌，病毒，具有空间污染、急性传染和潜伏性传染的特征。如果含有病原微生物的医院污水，不经过消毒处理排放进入城市下水管道或环境水体，往往会造成水体的污染，引发各种疾病及传染病，严重危害人们的身体健康。At present, the sources and components of hospital sewage are complex and harmful. The sources are mainly sewage discharged from the hospital's treatment rooms, laboratories, wards, laundry rooms, X-ray studios and operating rooms. Sewage contains a large number of pathogenic bacteria, viruses and pharmaceuticals, mainly the following types of pollutants: COD Cr , BOD 5 , ammonia nitrogen, sulfide, bacteria, viruses, with the characteristics of space pollution, acute infection and latent infection. If hospital sewage containing pathogenic microorganisms is discharged into urban sewers or environmental water bodies without disinfection, it will often cause water pollution, cause various diseases and infectious diseases, and seriously endanger people's health.
现有工艺技术中，市面上常见的应用于医疗废水处理的工艺技术大多存在以下问题：受污水水质的影响较大；消毒副产物对生态安全有一定影响；现阶段医疗废水处理工艺不成熟、传统工艺处理出水达标不稳定、工艺运行成本高等缺点；传统工艺在医疗废水处理过程中产生的臭气一般为无处理排放，对周围环境产生不良影响；传统工艺存在设备占地面积大、初期投资费用高、维护管理不便等缺点；传统废水、污泥处理过程消耗大量能源，经济效益收益低下。Among the existing process technologies, most of the common process technologies used for medical wastewater treatment on the market have the following problems: they are greatly affected by the quality of sewage; disinfection by-products have a certain impact on ecological safety; the current medical wastewater treatment process is immature, the effluent from traditional processes is unstable in meeting the standards, and the process operation cost is high; the odor generated by traditional processes in the process of medical wastewater treatment is generally discharged without treatment, which has an adverse effect on the surrounding environment; traditional processes have the disadvantages of large equipment footprint, high initial investment costs, and inconvenient maintenance and management; traditional wastewater and sludge treatment processes consume a lot of energy and have low economic benefits.
目前我国大部分医院的污水采用直接消毒后排放，只有少数医院经二次生物处理再消毒；现有污水处理工艺的出水中悬浮物浓度高，细菌与病毒可以附着或包裹在悬浮絮体中而不易被消毒剂灭活；现有医院废水处理在有机物尚未去除或去除效率较低的情况下进行消毒处理，不仅消毒效果差，而且还会产生大量的消毒副产物；医院废水处理产生的污泥中还有大量病原微生物，如处理不当将成为二次污染源。At present, most of the sewage in my country's hospitals are discharged after direct disinfection, and only a few hospitals undergo secondary biological treatment before disinfection; the existing sewage treatment process has a high concentration of suspended solids in the effluent, and bacteria and viruses can attach to or be wrapped in suspended flocs and are not easily inactivated by disinfectants; the existing hospital wastewater treatment is carried out before the organic matter is removed or the removal efficiency is low, which not only has a poor disinfection effect, but also produces a large amount of disinfection by-products; there are also a large number of pathogenic microorganisms in the sludge produced by hospital wastewater treatment, which will become a secondary pollution source if not handled properly.
中国专利申请CN205773964U公开了一种医疗废水一体化处理系统，该系统包括污泥池、二氧化氯发生器以及依次连通的调节池、水解酸化池、缺氧池、接触氧化池、沉淀池和消毒池。该设备将好氧、厌氧和缺氧单独设池，占地面积较大，缺氧好氧环境控制不便，同时后续仅采用二氧化氯消毒，对于医疗废水中细菌病毒的灭杀效果并不理想。Chinese patent application CN205773964U discloses an integrated medical wastewater treatment system, which includes a sludge tank, a chlorine dioxide generator, and a regulating tank, a hydrolysis acidification tank, an anoxic tank, a contact oxidation tank, a sedimentation tank, and a disinfection tank connected in sequence. The equipment sets up separate pools for aerobic, anaerobic, and anoxic conditions, which occupies a large area, and is inconvenient to control the anoxic and aerobic environments. At the same time, only chlorine dioxide is used for subsequent disinfection, which is not ideal for killing bacteria and viruses in medical wastewater.
中国专利申请CN112723670A公开了一种高效医疗废水处理工艺及应用方法，通过组合生物膜流离填料单元去除污水中的有机物质，然而其在污水中有机物质的去处过程中不能对工作参数进行有针对性的调节，污水中有机物质的去除效率无法得到保证。Chinese patent application CN112723670A discloses a highly efficient medical wastewater treatment process and application method, which removes organic matter from sewage by combining a biofilm flow-through filler unit. However, the working parameters cannot be adjusted in a targeted manner during the removal of organic matter from sewage, and the removal efficiency of organic matter from sewage cannot be guaranteed.
中国专利申请CN203360200U公开了一种医疗污水处理装置，包括安装有液位控制装置的污水箱，所述污水箱内部安装有紫外线发生器且位于所述污水箱的顶部，所述污水箱的出水端通过潜污泵连接活性炭过滤器。但该医疗污水处理装置仅仅通过紫外线发生器和活性炭过滤器来对医疗污水进行处理，处理效果不好。Chinese patent application CN203360200U discloses a medical sewage treatment device, including a sewage tank equipped with a liquid level control device, an ultraviolet generator installed inside the sewage tank and located at the top of the sewage tank, and the water outlet of the sewage tank is connected to an activated carbon filter through a submersible sewage pump. However, the medical sewage treatment device only treats medical sewage through an ultraviolet generator and an activated carbon filter, and the treatment effect is not good.
综上，对于医疗废水处理以及在处理医疗废水过程中产生的污泥和臭气，目前尚无经济有效、无二次污染的处理方案。In summary, there is currently no economical, effective, and secondary pollution-free treatment solution for medical wastewater treatment and the sludge and odor generated in the process of medical wastewater treatment.
发明内容Summary of the invention
针对现有技术存在的上述问题，本发明所要解决的技术问题在于提供一种医疗废水处理工艺，解决了现有的医疗废水难以处置且处理工艺不成熟、出水达标不稳定、臭气无处理排放以及工艺运行成本高等问题。In view of the above-mentioned problems existing in the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a medical wastewater treatment process, which solves the problems that the existing medical wastewater is difficult to dispose of and the treatment process is immature, the effluent is unstable in meeting the standards, the odor is discharged without treatment, and the process operation cost is high.
为了解决上述问题，本发明所采用的技术方案如下：In order to solve the above problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:
一种医疗废水处理工艺，包括医疗废水处理系统、污泥处理系统、臭气处理系统和消毒排放系统，所述医疗废水处理系统包括预处理阶段、生化处理阶段和深度处理阶段，所述医疗废水依次经物理过滤、微生物降解进行固液分离处理，采用电催化氧化法和紫外线消毒池进行消毒处理；医疗废水处理过程中产生的污泥通过添加无机絮凝剂和消毒剂进行消毒处理；对医疗废水处理过程中产生的臭气分别进行过滤、负离子杀菌、吸附的三次处理，确保臭气中的污染物质得到充分处理而达标。A medical wastewater treatment process comprises a medical wastewater treatment system, a sludge treatment system, an odor treatment system and a disinfection and discharge system. The medical wastewater treatment system comprises a pretreatment stage, a biochemical treatment stage and a deep treatment stage. The medical wastewater is sequentially subjected to physical filtration and microbial degradation for solid-liquid separation, and is disinfected by an electrocatalytic oxidation method and an ultraviolet disinfection tank. The sludge generated in the medical wastewater treatment process is disinfected by adding an inorganic flocculant and a disinfectant. The odor generated in the medical wastewater treatment process is subjected to three treatments of filtration, negative ion sterilization and adsorption, respectively, to ensure that the pollutants in the odor are fully treated and meet the standards.
作为优选，所述预处理阶段包括依次连接的格栅过滤池、调节池，并通过格栅过滤池与进水口相连，所述格栅过滤池内设置有多层过滤格栅；Preferably, the pretreatment stage comprises a grid filter pool and a regulating pool connected in sequence, and is connected to the water inlet through the grid filter pool, wherein a plurality of layers of filter grids are arranged in the grid filter pool;
所述生化处理阶段包括与调节池相连的污水提升泵以及依次相连的水解酸化池、接触氧化池，所述废水在水解酸化池和接触氧化池的停留时间为2～3h，所述接触氧化池内设有微孔曝气器；The biochemical treatment stage includes a sewage lifting pump connected to the regulating tank, and a hydrolysis acidification tank and a contact oxidation tank connected in sequence. The residence time of the wastewater in the hydrolysis acidification tank and the contact oxidation tank is 2 to 3 hours. A microporous aerator is provided in the contact oxidation tank.
所述深度处理阶段包括膜生物反应器，所述膜生物反应器内设有浸没式微滤膜组件和穿孔曝气管，所述穿孔曝气管的曝气压强为10～40kPa，所述膜生物反应器的底端通过污泥回流泵与污泥沉淀池相通。The deep treatment stage includes a membrane bioreactor, in which an immersed microfiltration membrane assembly and a perforated aeration tube are arranged. The aeration pressure of the perforated aeration tube is 10-40 kPa. The bottom end of the membrane bioreactor is connected to the sludge sedimentation tank through a sludge return pump.
作为优选，所述污泥处理系统包括依次连接的污泥沉淀池、污泥消毒池和脱水机，污泥收集进入污泥消毒池，经消毒并脱水至80％以下后清运处理，所述污泥沉淀池内通过加药系统加入无机絮凝剂，所述污泥消毒池内设置有消毒剂加药装置。Preferably, the sludge treatment system comprises a sludge sedimentation tank, a sludge disinfection tank and a dewatering machine which are connected in sequence. The sludge is collected and enters the sludge disinfection tank, and is transported for treatment after being disinfected and dehydrated to less than 80%. Inorganic flocculants are added to the sludge sedimentation tank through a dosing system, and a disinfectant dosing device is provided in the sludge disinfection tank.
作为优选，所述臭气处理系统包括臭气收集装置和臭气处理装置，所述臭气收集装置设置在所述调节池、水解酸化池、接触氧化池、膜生物反应器、污泥沉淀池以及污泥消毒池的上方，所述臭气收集装置与所述臭气处理装置相连，臭气经臭气处理装置处理后排放。Preferably, the odor treatment system includes an odor collection device and an odor treatment device. The odor collection device is arranged above the regulating tank, hydrolysis acidification tank, contact oxidation tank, membrane bioreactor, sludge sedimentation tank and sludge disinfection tank. The odor collection device is connected to the odor treatment device, and the odor is discharged after being treated by the odor treatment device.
作为优选，所述臭气收集装置包括依次连通的进气管道(1)和导流通道(4)，所述进气管道(1)内设置有轴流风机(3)，所述进气管道(1)为渐扩型的半锥状通道，并设置有过滤板(2)，所述过滤板(2)用于过滤臭气中的固体杂质，连接所述进气管道(1)的一端开口大，连接所述臭气处理装置的一端开口小，所述导流通道(4)内设置有多个离子发生器(5)，所述导流通道(4)的排气端设置有动力风机(6)。Preferably, the odor collecting device comprises an air intake pipe (1) and a guide channel (4) which are connected in sequence, an axial flow fan (3) is arranged in the air intake pipe (1), the air intake pipe (1) is a gradually expanding semi-conical channel, and is provided with a filter plate (2), the filter plate (2) is used to filter solid impurities in the odor, the end connected to the air intake pipe (1) has a large opening, and the end connected to the odor treatment device has a small opening, a plurality of ion generators (5) are arranged in the guide channel (4), and a power fan (6) is arranged at the exhaust end of the guide channel (4).
作为优选，所述臭气处理装置为活性炭吸附装置，所述活性炭为蜂窝式活性炭。Preferably, the odor treatment device is an activated carbon adsorption device, and the activated carbon is honeycomb activated carbon.
作为优选，所述消毒排放系统包括电催化氧化系统和紫外线消毒池，所述紫外线消毒池内设置有多个紫外灯，紫外灯的波长设置为200～280nm。Preferably, the disinfection and discharge system comprises an electrocatalytic oxidation system and an ultraviolet disinfection pool, wherein a plurality of ultraviolet lamps are arranged in the ultraviolet disinfection pool, and the wavelength of the ultraviolet lamps is set to 200-280 nm.
作为优选，所述紫外线消毒池中还投加30％ H2O2。Preferably, 30% H 2 O 2 is also added to the ultraviolet disinfection pool.
作为优选，所述电催化氧化系统中采用的是BDD阳极，电流值为600～700mA，电解时间为0.5～1h。Preferably, the electrocatalytic oxidation system uses a BDD anode, a current value of 600-700 mA, and an electrolysis time of 0.5-1 h.
一种医疗废水处理工艺，包括以下步骤：A medical wastewater treatment process comprises the following steps:
(1)医疗废水经多层格栅过滤大的悬浮固体后直接通过管道流入调节池，经调节池均化均质处理后，通过污水提升泵进入水解酸化池；(1) After the medical wastewater has been filtered through a multi-layer screen for large suspended solids, it flows directly into the regulating tank through a pipeline. After being homogenized and treated in the regulating tank, it enters the hydrolysis acidification tank through a sewage lift pump;
(2)利用水解酸化池将废水进行发酵，使得废水中的大分子有机物降解为小分子有机物，将通过水解酸化池的医疗废水通入接触氧化池内，进行好氧氧化和固液分离，去除医疗废水中的主要污染物，溢流出来的医疗废水进入膜生物反应器，通过浸没式微滤膜组件过滤后进入消毒排放系统；(2) The wastewater is fermented in a hydrolysis and acidification tank to degrade the macromolecular organic matter in the wastewater into small molecular organic matter. The medical wastewater passing through the hydrolysis and acidification tank is passed into a contact oxidation tank for aerobic oxidation and solid-liquid separation to remove the main pollutants in the medical wastewater. The overflowed medical wastewater enters a membrane bioreactor, is filtered through an immersed microfiltration membrane module, and then enters a disinfection discharge system;
(3)在膜生物反应器底端产生的污泥通过污泥回流泵打入到污泥沉淀池内，通过加药装置加入无机絮凝剂对污泥进行絮凝沉淀，污泥沉淀池底端的污泥通过电动阀每日向污泥消毒池内排放一次，存入污泥消毒池的污泥通过加药装置加入3％～10％的生石灰后，并且经熟石灰碱性处理后，脱水外运；(3) The sludge generated at the bottom of the membrane bioreactor is pumped into the sludge sedimentation tank through the sludge return pump, and the inorganic flocculant is added through the dosing device to flocculate and precipitate the sludge. The sludge at the bottom of the sludge sedimentation tank is discharged into the sludge disinfection tank once a day through the electric valve. The sludge stored in the sludge disinfection tank is added with 3% to 10% quicklime through the dosing device, and after being alkaline treated with slaked lime, it is dehydrated and transported out;
(4)臭气收集装置将调节池、水解酸化池、接触氧化池、膜生物反应器、污泥沉淀池以及污泥消毒池上方产生的臭气收集引出，臭气先经过进气管道的过滤板过滤掉臭气中的固体杂质，经过第一次过滤处理的臭气进入导流通道，导流通道内设置有多个离子发生器，进行第二次杀菌消毒处理，再经过导流通道排气端的动力风机进入臭气处理装置，进行第三次过滤处理，处理后的臭气经过管道进行排放；(4) The odor collection device collects and guides out the odor generated above the regulating tank, hydrolysis acidification tank, contact oxidation tank, membrane bioreactor, sludge sedimentation tank and sludge disinfection tank. The odor first passes through the filter plate of the air inlet pipe to filter out solid impurities in the odor. The odor that has undergone the first filtration treatment enters the diversion channel, where multiple ion generators are arranged for the second sterilization and disinfection treatment. The odor then enters the odor treatment device through the power fan at the exhaust end of the diversion channel for the third filtration treatment. The treated odor is discharged through the pipeline;
(5)将通过膜生物反应器所得到的医疗废水经过电催化氧化系统和紫外线消毒池消灭其中的病菌，直至医疗废水达到国家医疗机构污水排放标准后，将医疗废水排出，避免医疗废水对生态环境造成二次污染。(5) The medical wastewater obtained through the membrane bioreactor is passed through an electrocatalytic oxidation system and an ultraviolet disinfection pool to eliminate the pathogens in it. After the medical wastewater meets the national medical institution wastewater discharge standards, the medical wastewater is discharged to avoid secondary pollution of the ecological environment caused by medical wastewater.
有益效果：相比于现有技术，本发明的优点为：Beneficial effects: Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are:
(1)本发明通过物理处理方法和微生物技术对医疗废水进行处理，无需使用有机溶剂，避免对水体造成二次有机污染；(1) The present invention treats medical wastewater through physical treatment methods and microbial technology without using organic solvents, thus avoiding secondary organic pollution to the water body;
(2)本发明采用了膜生物反应器，利用膜组件来替代传统工艺中的二沉池，实现固液有效分离，有效防止出现污泥膨胀、水质突变的情况，该方法具有水处理效率高、防止二次污染、占地少、密封性强、效果好的特点；(2) The present invention adopts a membrane bioreactor and utilizes a membrane module to replace the secondary sedimentation tank in the traditional process to achieve effective solid-liquid separation and effectively prevent sludge swelling and water quality mutation. The method has the characteristics of high water treatment efficiency, prevention of secondary pollution, small footprint, strong sealing and good effect;
(3)本发明采用电催化氧化法进行消毒处理，通过电子转移将有机物氧化为小分子物质或完全矿化成二氧化碳和水，该方法可以有效地电解四环素，其对含四环素废水中的COD有很高的去除率，在此过程中形成的代谢物也被氧化，并具有较高的矿化程度；(3) The present invention adopts electrocatalytic oxidation method for disinfection treatment, and oxidizes organic matter into small molecular substances or completely mineralizes into carbon dioxide and water through electron transfer. This method can effectively electrolyze tetracycline, and has a high removal rate for COD in tetracycline-containing wastewater. Metabolites formed in this process are also oxidized and have a high degree of mineralization;
(4)本发明在消毒过程中还设置了紫外消毒池，与氯化法和臭氧法相比，紫外线消毒不需要投加化学试剂，能够避免产生二次污染，而且具有更方便、安全，不产生DBPs，对各种微生物有广谱的杀灭效果；(4) The present invention also sets up an ultraviolet disinfection pool during the disinfection process. Compared with the chlorination method and the ozone method, ultraviolet disinfection does not require the addition of chemical reagents, can avoid secondary pollution, and is more convenient and safe, does not produce DBPs, and has a broad-spectrum killing effect on various microorganisms;
(5)本发明对医疗废水处理过程中产生的臭气分别进行过滤、杀菌、吸附的三次处理，确保臭气中的污染物质得到充分处理而达标，避免对生态环境造成污染；(5) The present invention performs three treatments of filtering, sterilizing and adsorbing the odor generated during the treatment of medical wastewater, thereby ensuring that the pollutants in the odor are fully treated and meet the standards, thereby avoiding pollution to the ecological environment;
(6)本发明在臭气收集装置中通过轴流风机与渐扩型的进气管道相配合，让收集的臭气更加充分均匀地通过装置，提高臭气收集效率；进气管道的进气口呈半锥状结构，使得气体的流动角接近于90°，提高轴流风机的全压，提高工作效率。(6) In the odor collection device of the present invention, an axial flow fan is combined with a gradually expanding air intake duct, so that the collected odor can pass through the device more fully and evenly, thereby improving the odor collection efficiency; the air inlet of the air intake duct is a semi-conical structure, so that the flow angle of the gas is close to 90°, thereby increasing the total pressure of the axial flow fan and improving the working efficiency.
附图说明BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
图1为本发明的医疗废水处理工艺流程图；FIG1 is a process flow chart of medical wastewater treatment according to the present invention;
图2为本发明的臭气处理装置中进气管道的结构剖视图；FIG2 is a cross-sectional view of the structure of the air intake pipe in the odor treatment device of the present invention;
图3为本发明的臭气处理装置中导流通道的结构剖视图；FIG3 is a cross-sectional view of the structure of the guide channel in the odor treatment device of the present invention;
图中：1、进气管道；2、过滤板；3、轴流风机；4、导流通道；5、离子发生器；6、动力风机。In the figure: 1. Air intake duct; 2. Filter plate; 3. Axial flow fan; 4. Guide channel; 5. Ion generator; 6. Power fan.
具体实施方式DETAILED DESCRIPTION
为使本发明的上述目的、特征和优点能够更加明显易懂，下面结合具体实施例对本发明的具体实施方式做详细的说明。In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the specific implementation methods of the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments.
实施例1Example 1
本实施例提供了一种医疗废水处理工艺，如图1所示，包括依次连接的医疗废水处理系统、污泥处理系统、臭气处理系统和消毒排放系统，医疗废水处理系统包括预处理阶段、生化处理阶段和深度处理阶段，预处理阶段包括依次连接的格栅过滤池、调节池，并通过格栅过滤池与进水口相连，格栅过滤池内设置有多层过滤格栅，医疗废水经多层格栅过滤大的悬浮固体后直接通过管道流入调节池，经调节池均化均质处理后，通过污水提升泵进入生化处理阶段，生化处理阶段包括与调节池相连的污水提升泵以及依次相连的水解酸化池、接触氧化池，接触氧化池内设有微孔曝气器，在接触氧化池内进行好氧氧化和固液分离，溢流出来的医疗废水进入深度处理阶段，深度处理阶段包括膜生物反应器，膜生物反应器内设有浸没式微滤膜组件和穿孔曝气管，膜生物反应器的底端通过污泥回流泵与污泥沉淀池相通，医疗废水处理系统内产生的污泥通过污泥泵输送至污泥处理系统内进行集中处理，医疗废水处理系统内产生的臭气通过臭气收集装置输送至臭气处理系统进行处理，医疗废水处理系统和臭气处理系统进行消毒处理，直至达到排放标准。The present embodiment provides a medical wastewater treatment process, as shown in FIG1 , comprising a medical wastewater treatment system, a sludge treatment system, an odor treatment system and a disinfection and discharge system connected in sequence, wherein the medical wastewater treatment system comprises a pretreatment stage, a biochemical treatment stage and a deep treatment stage, wherein the pretreatment stage comprises a grid filter tank and a regulating tank connected in sequence, and is connected to a water inlet through the grid filter tank, wherein a multi-layer filter grid is arranged in the grid filter tank, and the medical wastewater flows directly into the regulating tank through a pipeline after filtering large suspended solids through the multi-layer grid, and enters the biochemical treatment stage through a sewage lifting pump after being homogenized and homogenized in the regulating tank, and the biochemical treatment stage comprises a sewage lifting pump connected to the regulating tank and a sewage lifting pump connected in sequence Hydrolysis acidification tank, contact oxidation tank. The contact oxidation tank is equipped with a microporous aerator. Aerobic oxidation and solid-liquid separation are carried out in the contact oxidation tank. The overflowing medical wastewater enters the deep treatment stage. The deep treatment stage includes a membrane bioreactor. The membrane bioreactor is equipped with an immersed microfiltration membrane assembly and a perforated aeration tube. The bottom of the membrane bioreactor is connected to the sludge sedimentation tank through a sludge return pump. The sludge generated in the medical wastewater treatment system is transported to the sludge treatment system through a sludge pump for centralized treatment. The odor generated in the medical wastewater treatment system is transported to the odor treatment system through an odor collection device for treatment. The medical wastewater treatment system and the odor treatment system are disinfected until the emission standards are met.
接触氧化池内装有液位传感器和溶解氧传感器，用户或者是实现自动化控制的控制器可以通过液位传感器来控制整个医疗废水处理系统的液位，使系统保持一个相对稳定的液位。溶解氧传感器和接触氧化池内的微孔曝气器相关联，用户或自动化控制器可以根据溶解氧传感器的检测结果控制微孔曝气器的开启和关闭，一般曝气池的溶解氧浓度维持在2.5-3.5mg/L之间，通过溶解氧传感器智能控制曝气风机的起停，既能保持系统生化所需氧气量，还能降低能耗，节约运行成本。The contact oxidation tank is equipped with a liquid level sensor and a dissolved oxygen sensor. The user or the controller that realizes automatic control can control the liquid level of the entire medical wastewater treatment system through the liquid level sensor to keep the system at a relatively stable liquid level. The dissolved oxygen sensor is associated with the microporous aerator in the contact oxidation tank. The user or the automatic controller can control the opening and closing of the microporous aerator according to the detection results of the dissolved oxygen sensor. Generally, the dissolved oxygen concentration of the aeration tank is maintained between 2.5-3.5 mg/L. The intelligent control of the start and stop of the aeration fan through the dissolved oxygen sensor can not only maintain the amount of oxygen required for the biochemical system, but also reduce energy consumption and save operating costs.
污泥处理系统包括依次连接的污泥沉淀池、污泥消毒池和脱水机，污泥沉淀池内通过加药系统加入无机絮凝剂，并通过搅拌装置进行混合均匀沉淀，污泥消毒池内设置有生石灰的加药装置。The sludge treatment system includes a sludge sedimentation tank, a sludge disinfection tank and a dewatering machine which are connected in sequence. Inorganic flocculants are added to the sludge sedimentation tank through a dosing system, and mixed and uniformly precipitated through a stirring device. A quicklime dosing device is provided in the sludge disinfection tank.
臭气处理系统臭气收集装置和臭气处理装置，臭气收集装置包括依次连通的进气管道1和导流通道4，臭气收集装置的渐扩型半锥状进气管道1分别设置在调节池、水解酸化池、接触氧化池、膜生物反应器、污泥沉淀池以及污泥消毒池的上方，通过进气管道1内的轴流风机3收集臭气，臭气先经过进气管道的过滤板2过滤掉臭气中的固体杂质，经过第一次过滤处理的臭气进入导流通道4，导流通道4内设置有多个离子发生器5，进行第二次杀菌消毒处理，再经过导流通道4排气端的动力风机6进入臭气处理装置，进行第三次吸附处理，处理后的臭气经过管道排放至大气中。The odor treatment system comprises an odor collecting device and an odor treatment device, wherein the odor collecting device comprises an air intake pipe 1 and a guide channel 4 which are connected in sequence, and the gradually expanding semi-conical air intake pipe 1 of the odor collecting device is respectively arranged above the regulating tank, the hydrolysis acidification tank, the contact oxidation tank, the membrane bioreactor, the sludge sedimentation tank and the sludge disinfection tank, and the odor is collected by the axial flow fan 3 in the air intake pipe 1. The odor first passes through the filter plate 2 of the air intake pipe to filter out solid impurities in the odor, and the odor after the first filtering treatment enters the guide channel 4, and a plurality of ion generators 5 are arranged in the guide channel 4 for the second sterilization and disinfection treatment, and then enters the odor treatment device through the power fan 6 at the exhaust end of the guide channel 4 for the third adsorption treatment, and the treated odor is discharged into the atmosphere through the pipeline.
臭气处理装置为活性炭吸附装置，活性炭为蜂窝式活性炭，该活性炭结构为多孔蜂窝状，其孔隙结构发达，比表面积大，流体阻力小，吸附性能优于其他活性炭，对臭气处理具有良好的吸附效果。The odor treatment device is an activated carbon adsorption device. The activated carbon is a honeycomb activated carbon. The activated carbon has a porous honeycomb structure with a well-developed pore structure, a large specific surface area, and small fluid resistance. Its adsorption performance is better than other activated carbons and it has a good adsorption effect on odor treatment.
消毒排放系统包括电催化氧化系统和紫外线消毒池，紫外线消毒池中设置有多个紫外灯，紫外灯的波长设置为200～280nm。医疗废水在进入消毒排放系统时，先经过电催化氧化系统，通过电子转移将有机物氧化为小分子物质或完全矿化成二氧化碳和水，有效地电解四环素，最后再经过紫外消毒池，对进入紫外消毒池的废水中投加30％H2O2，对各种微生物进行广谱的消毒杀灭，经过两次消毒处理的医疗废水通过水质传感器的检测结果来判断水质(COD、TOC、TP、TN)是否达标，如果达标则进行排放，若不达标，则回流到接触氧化池内进行二次处理。经过消毒后的臭气，排放口应设置在室外，远离医用空气系统的进气口，排出的气体应不受其他因素影响转移至人员生活的区域。The disinfection and discharge system includes an electrocatalytic oxidation system and an ultraviolet disinfection pool. A plurality of ultraviolet lamps are arranged in the ultraviolet disinfection pool, and the wavelength of the ultraviolet lamps is set to 200-280nm. When the medical wastewater enters the disinfection and discharge system, it first passes through the electrocatalytic oxidation system, and the organic matter is oxidized into small molecular substances or completely mineralized into carbon dioxide and water through electron transfer, and tetracycline is effectively electrolyzed. Finally, it passes through the ultraviolet disinfection pool, and 30% H2O2 is added to the wastewater entering the ultraviolet disinfection pool to perform broad-spectrum disinfection and killing of various microorganisms. The medical wastewater that has been disinfected twice is judged by the test results of the water quality sensor to determine whether the water quality (COD, TOC, TP, TN) meets the standards. If it meets the standards, it will be discharged. If it does not meet the standards, it will flow back to the contact oxidation pool for secondary treatment. The odor after disinfection should be discharged outdoors, away from the air inlet of the medical air system, and the discharged gas should not be affected by other factors and transferred to the area where people live.
实施例2Example 2
采用实施例1的工艺，以某医院的医疗废水为例，该医疗废水中的主要污染物为CODcr、BODs、粪大肠菌群、氨氮、SS。The process of Example 1 is adopted, and the medical wastewater of a hospital is taken as an example. The main pollutants in the medical wastewater are CODcr, BODs, fecal coliform group, ammonia nitrogen, and SS.
(1)某医院的医疗废水经多层格栅过滤大的悬浮固体后直接通过管道流入调节池，经调节池均化均质处理后，通过污水提升泵进入水解酸化池；(1) After filtering out large suspended solids through a multi-layer screen, the medical wastewater from a hospital flows directly into the regulating tank through a pipeline. After being homogenized and treated in the regulating tank, it enters the hydrolysis acidification tank through a sewage lift pump;
(2)利用水解酸化池将废水进行发酵，使得废水中的大分子有机物降解为小分子有机物，将通过水解酸化池的医疗废水通入接触氧化池内，废水在水解酸化池和接触氧化池的停留时间为3h，进行好氧氧化和固液分离，去除医疗废水中的主要污染物，溢流出来的医疗废水进入全封闭式膜生物反应器，膜生物反应器的循环比为1，回流比为1，穿孔曝气管的曝气压强为40kPa，通过浸没式微滤膜组件过滤后进入消毒排放系统，出水水质良好，ρ(COD)＜60mg/L，ρ(NH3-N)＜6mg/L，浊度小于0.3NTU的概率为95％；膜生物反应器工艺处理医院污水，在去除COD，NH3-N，微生物及浊度等方面有很好的效果；(2) The wastewater is fermented in a hydrolysis acidification tank to degrade the macromolecular organic matter in the wastewater into micromolecular organic matter. The medical wastewater passing through the hydrolysis acidification tank is introduced into a contact oxidation tank. The wastewater stays in the hydrolysis acidification tank and the contact oxidation tank for 3 hours. Aerobic oxidation and solid-liquid separation are performed to remove the main pollutants in the medical wastewater. The overflowing medical wastewater enters a fully enclosed membrane bioreactor. The circulation ratio of the membrane bioreactor is 1, the reflux ratio is 1, and the aeration pressure of the perforated aeration tube is 40 kPa. After being filtered through an immersed microfiltration membrane module, it enters a disinfection and discharge system. The effluent water quality is good, ρ(COD) < 60 mg/L, ρ(NH 3 -N) < 6 mg/L, and the probability of turbidity being less than 0.3 NTU is 95%. The membrane bioreactor process has a good effect in treating hospital wastewater in terms of removing COD, NH 3 -N, microorganisms and turbidity.
(3)而在膜生物反应器底端产生的污泥通过污泥回流泵打入到污泥沉淀池内，通过加药系统加入无机絮凝剂对污泥进行絮凝沉淀，污泥沉淀池底端的污泥通过电动阀每日向污泥消毒池内排放一次，存入污泥消毒池的污泥通过石灰加药装置投加3％生石灰后，经消毒并脱水至80％以下后，进行脱水外运；(3) The sludge generated at the bottom of the membrane bioreactor is pumped into the sludge sedimentation tank through the sludge return pump, and the inorganic flocculant is added through the dosing system to flocculate and precipitate the sludge. The sludge at the bottom of the sludge sedimentation tank is discharged into the sludge disinfection tank once a day through the electric valve. The sludge stored in the sludge disinfection tank is added with 3% quicklime through the lime dosing device, and after being disinfected and dehydrated to less than 80%, it is dehydrated and transported out;
(4)臭气收集装置将调节池、水解酸化池、接触氧化池、膜生物反应器、污泥沉淀池以及污泥消毒池上方产生的臭气收集引出，臭气先经过进气管道的过滤板过滤掉臭气中的固体杂质，经过第一次过滤处理的臭气进入导流通道，导流通道内设置有多个离子发生器，进行第二次杀菌消毒处理，再经过导流通道排气端的动力风机进入臭气处理装置，进行第三次吸附处理，处理后的臭气经过管道排放至大气中；(4) The odor collection device collects and guides out the odor generated above the regulating tank, hydrolysis acidification tank, contact oxidation tank, membrane bioreactor, sludge sedimentation tank and sludge disinfection tank. The odor first passes through the filter plate of the air inlet pipe to filter out solid impurities in the odor. The odor that has undergone the first filtration treatment enters the diversion channel, where multiple ion generators are arranged for the second sterilization and disinfection treatment. The odor then enters the odor treatment device through the power fan at the exhaust end of the diversion channel for the third adsorption treatment. The treated odor is discharged into the atmosphere through the pipeline;
(5)将通过膜生物反应器所得到的医疗废水经过电催化氧化系统和紫外线消毒池消灭其中的病菌，其中电催化氧化系统采用的是BDD阳极，设置电流值为700mA，电解时间1h；紫外灯的波长为260nm，紫外线消毒池中投加30％H2O2，直至医疗废水达到《国家医疗机构污水排放标准》(GB18466-2005)后，将达标的医疗废水排出。(5) The medical wastewater obtained by the membrane bioreactor is passed through an electrocatalytic oxidation system and an ultraviolet disinfection pool to eliminate the pathogens therein. The electrocatalytic oxidation system uses a BDD anode, the current value is set to 700mA, and the electrolysis time is 1h; the wavelength of the ultraviolet lamp is 260nm, and 30% H2O2 is added to the ultraviolet disinfection pool until the medical wastewater meets the "National Medical Institution Wastewater Discharge Standard" (GB18466-2005), and then the qualified medical wastewater is discharged.
本方案实际应用在某医院污水处理工程中，有高达96％以上各类型病原微生物去除率，主要污染物削减量见表1。对周边地表水的污染物排放削减效果明显，环境和社会效益可观。This scheme was actually applied in a hospital sewage treatment project, with a removal rate of more than 96% for various types of pathogenic microorganisms, and the reduction of major pollutants is shown in Table 1. The reduction effect on pollutant emissions to surrounding surface water is obvious, and the environmental and social benefits are considerable.
表1污染物年削减量(365d)Table 1 Annual reduction of pollutants (365 days)
排出的水和废气，经本方案处理可达标，相关数据见表2(该医院的设计污水进水水质，由统计分析南京市环境检测站有关检测报告得出)The discharged water and waste gas can meet the standards after being treated by this scheme. The relevant data are shown in Table 2 (the designed sewage inlet water quality of the hospital is obtained by statistical analysis of the relevant test reports of Nanjing Environmental Testing Station)
表2进水、出水水质主要污染物指标Table 2 Main pollutant indicators of influent and effluent water quality
实施例3Example 3
采用实施例2所述的处理工艺，针对电催化氧化系统中未杀菌完全的隐孢子虫、芽孢等微生物，本实施例还包括对消毒排放系统中增加过滤工艺过程，对经过电催化氧化系统的废水进一步过滤，有效去除隐孢子虫、芽孢等微生物。本实施例的过滤装置是设置在电催化氧化系统和紫外消毒池之间，过滤装置是前后串联依次设置的袋式过滤器和叠片式过滤器，经过电催化氧化系统后的废水先进入袋式过滤器，然后进入叠片式过滤器，可根据医疗废水的水量选择袋式过滤器和叠片式过滤器的型号。The treatment process described in Example 2 is adopted. For the Cryptosporidium, spores and other microorganisms that are not completely sterilized in the electrocatalytic oxidation system, this embodiment also includes adding a filtration process to the disinfection discharge system, further filtering the wastewater that has passed through the electrocatalytic oxidation system, and effectively removing the Cryptosporidium, spores and other microorganisms. The filtering device of this embodiment is arranged between the electrocatalytic oxidation system and the ultraviolet disinfection tank. The filtering device is a bag filter and a laminated filter that are arranged in series in sequence. The wastewater after passing through the electrocatalytic oxidation system first enters the bag filter and then enters the laminated filter. The models of the bag filter and the laminated filter can be selected according to the amount of medical wastewater.
本实施例中，所选用的袋式过滤器为50微米袋式过滤器，叠片式过滤器为0.45微米叠片式过滤器。In this embodiment, the bag filter selected is a 50-micron bag filter, and the laminated filter is a 0.45-micron laminated filter.
实施例4Example 4
采用实施例2所述的处理工艺，在接触生物氧化池内设有填料，在填料表面附着着以生物膜形式存在的微生物，部分微生物以絮状存在，利用这些生物膜和充分供应的氧气对废水中的有机物进行氧化分解，最终达到净化水质的效果。本实施例中的接触氧化池包括有在池体上口和池底之间设置有多个排列组合的塑料网片组成的半软性填料，在半软性填料之下还设置有动力旋混曝气器。The treatment process described in Example 2 is adopted, and a filler is provided in the contact biological oxidation pond. Microorganisms in the form of biofilm are attached to the surface of the filler, and some microorganisms exist in flocculent form. These biofilms and sufficient oxygen supply are used to oxidize and decompose organic matter in the wastewater, and finally the effect of purifying the water quality is achieved. The contact oxidation pond in this embodiment includes a semi-soft filler composed of a plurality of arranged and combined plastic mesh sheets arranged between the upper opening of the pond body and the bottom of the pond, and a power rotary mixing aerator is also arranged under the semi-soft filler.
本实施例还在膜曝气组件所在的膜曝气区设有循环泵形成循环以增强膜曝气区的水流紊动及氧的传递，在膜生物反应器的出水区和进水区之间设置回流泵形成回流以提高膜生物反应器的处理效果。This embodiment also provides a circulation pump in the membrane aeration area where the membrane aeration assembly is located to form a circulation to enhance the water turbulence and oxygen transfer in the membrane aeration area, and a reflux pump is provided between the outlet and inlet areas of the membrane bioreactor to form a reflux to improve the treatment effect of the membrane bioreactor.
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例，并非对本发明任何形式上和实质上的限制，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员，在不脱离本发明的前提下，还将可以做出若干改进和补充，这些改进和补充也应视为本发明的保护范围。The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not any formal or substantial limitation of the present invention. It should be pointed out that a person skilled in the art may make several improvements and supplements without departing from the present invention, and these improvements and supplements should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
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Denomination of invention: A medical wastewater treatment process Granted publication date: 20241011 Pledgee: Wuxi rural commercial bank Limited by Share Ltd. Yixing branch Pledgor: JIANGSU TONGYONG ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION GROUP Co.,Ltd. Registration number: Y2024980057777 |