CN118077488A - A device and method for simulating natural frost for vegetable planting - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a device and method for simulating natural frost suitable for vegetable planting. The device comprises a closed space, wherein a humidity regulating device, a temperature monitoring device, a humidity monitoring device, a temperature regulating device and a control device are arranged inside the closed space. The method comprises that during the growth of vegetables, the control device obtains temperature and humidity data in the closed space through the temperature and humidity monitoring device, and then operates the temperature and humidity regulating device to make the closed space meet the conditions for natural frost, thereby realizing the simulation of natural frost on the vegetables. The invention realizes the improvement of the taste of vegetables by simulating natural frost, and the improvement process does not need to use chemical additives, thereby effectively solving the problems of chemical residues and taste loss.

Description

A device and method for simulating natural frost for vegetable planting

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of scientific and technological agricultural production, and particularly relates to a device and method for simulating natural frost for vegetable planting.

Background technique

It is said that "frosted vegetables are extra sweet". The long-term summary of agricultural production by the ancients often coincides with modern science. It is well known that vegetables with thicker roots and stems such as radish, cabbage, and mustard often have a better taste after being frosted. Scientific research shows that the reason why these "frost-bitten vegetables" have a better taste is mainly due to the following reasons. On the one hand, in order to cope with the cold environment, living green vegetables will activate their own defense mechanism during the frost season. In this process, the green vegetables will convert starch substances in the body into sucrose or glucose under the action of amylase. These sugar substances increase the sugar concentration in the cell fluid of the green vegetables, which can increase its frost resistance and prevent it from being frozen. At the same time, it also increases the sweetness of the green vegetables, making the taste of the green vegetables more delicious. On the other hand, during the frost season, the temperature difference between day and night is large. During the day, the green vegetables produce a large amount of carbohydrates through photosynthesis. At night, due to the lower temperature, the respiration of the green vegetables weakens, allowing the carbohydrates produced during the day to accumulate in the plants. This accumulation of carbohydrates makes the green vegetables more nutritious and tastes sweeter.

In general, the reason why frost-pressed vegetables taste better is that they undergo a series of physiological changes in the process of coping with the cold environment. The physiological adjustments made by vegetables to adapt to the cold environment will improve their taste and nutritional content. This also reflects the wonders of biological adaptation to the environment in nature.

In the field of modern agriculture and food processing, the quality and taste of food ingredients have always been of paramount importance. Traditional post-processing methods for agricultural products usually involve the use of chemical agents to maintain the freshness and quality of food ingredients. However, these chemical agents may leave residues on the food ingredients, or cause loss of texture and taste of the food ingredients, which has a negative impact on human health. Therefore, these methods are not the best way to handle fresh vegetables and fruits, and the above-mentioned frost effect is a newer and better way to improve the taste and freshness of fruits and vegetables. However, the impermanence and orderliness of the climate cannot guarantee that the green vegetables can be frosted at all times during the planting process, and human wisdom can always overcome one production problem after another. The application of greenhouse planting technology overcomes the problem of being unable to grow vegetables in cold areas in winter. Therefore, this case attempts to improve the taste and freshness of fruits and vegetables by constructing a set of devices and methods that simulate natural frost on the basis of greenhouse planting.

Summary of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a device and method for simulating natural frost which is suitable for greenhouse-grown vegetables and can naturally frost the vegetables to be harvested at any time according to the maturity of the vegetables, so as to improve the flavor and texture of the vegetables and enhance the edible taste and freshness of the vegetables.

In order to achieve the above object, the solution of the present invention is:

A device for simulating natural frost for vegetable planting, comprising a confined space, wherein a humidity regulating device, a temperature monitoring device and a humidity monitoring device are arranged inside the confined space, and further comprising a temperature regulating device and a control device. The temperature regulating device comprises a refrigeration device and a heat dissipation device, wherein the refrigeration device is located inside the confined space, and the heat dissipation device is located outside the confined space, and the control device is respectively connected to the temperature regulating device, the humidity regulating device, the temperature monitoring device and the humidity monitoring device by signals.

Preferably, the humidity regulating device is an atomizing humidifying device and a fan, and the refrigeration device is an air-cooled refrigerator.

Preferably, the enclosed space is also connected to a _CO2 gas source for providing carbon dioxide gas into the enclosed space.

Preferably, the temperature monitoring device, humidity monitoring device, atomizing humidification device, fan and the air-cooled refrigerator are installed on the inner surface of the enclosed space.

A method for simulating natural frost for vegetable planting, comprising the following steps:

Step 1: A humidity regulating device, a temperature monitoring device, a humidity monitoring device, a temperature regulating device and a control device are arranged inside a confined space, wherein the temperature regulating device comprises a refrigeration device and a heat dissipation device, the refrigeration device is located inside the confined space, the heat dissipation device is located outside the confined space, and the control device is respectively connected to the temperature regulating device, the humidity regulating device, the temperature monitoring device and the humidity monitoring device by signals;

Step 2: The temperature monitoring device and the humidity monitoring device transmit the monitoring data to the control device, and the control device sends a work instruction to the temperature adjustment device and the humidity adjustment device;

Step 3: The humidity regulating device and the temperature regulating device regulate the operating state based on the temperature result obtained by the temperature monitoring device. The humidity regulating device increases the humidity level inside the enclosed space, and the temperature regulating device lowers the room temperature in the enclosed space to below the freezing point, so as to achieve natural frost on the surface of the vegetables.

Step 4: The temperature regulating device stops working.

Preferably, in step three, the humidity regulating device starts working when the temperature is lower than 4°C and the humidity is lower than 80%, and the temperature regulating device reduces the operating power or stops continuous operation and enters dynamic temperature control when the temperature is lower than 0°C, so that the surface temperature inside the enclosed space is maintained between 0°C and -3°C.

Preferably, the control device is provided with a timing device, which starts counting down from when the temperature first drops below 0°C, and the temperature regulating device stops running after a preset countdown is completed.

Preferably, the step three is started at night to simulate natural frost at night.

Preferably, carbon dioxide is introduced into the enclosed space during daytime planting.

The device and method for simulating natural frost do not require the intervention of chemical agents, but improve the taste of vegetables by simulating the natural frost environment. The simulated natural frost process promotes the conversion of starch in vegetables into sugar, making the vegetables sweeter without the use of chemical additives. At the same time, the device and method can also slow down the metabolism of vegetables to a certain extent and extend their shelf life after harvest. The device and method of the present invention not only solve the problems related to chemical residues and taste loss, but also improve the quality and preservation effect of food in a natural and healthy way.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG1 is a schematic diagram of the module structure of the device of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the control device in the method of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the device of the present invention.

Detailed ways

The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to Figures 1-3.

In order to allow greenhouse-grown vegetables to experience natural frost during the planting process and obtain "frost-bitten vegetables" with better taste, the vegetables can be subjected to simulated natural frost before they are harvested. As is well known, frost refers to the white ice crystals formed by the condensation of water vapor in the air on the ground or objects when the air close to the ground is cooled below the frost point by ground radiation cooling. The formation of frost requires sufficiently low temperature and sufficiently high air humidity. Therefore, this case proposes a device for simulating natural frost suitable for vegetable planting, including a closed space 1, in which vegetables are planted. In actual operation, the closed space 1 can be a plastic greenhouse for growing vegetables or a modern soilless vegetable factory workshop. The enclosed space 1 is provided with a humidity regulating device 5, a temperature monitoring device 3 and a humidity monitoring device 2, and also includes a temperature regulating device 4 and a control device 6. The temperature regulating device 4 includes a refrigeration device and a heat dissipation device. The refrigeration device is located inside the enclosed space 1, and the heat dissipation device is located outside the enclosed space 1. The control device 6 is generally a central control chip, which is respectively connected to the temperature regulating device 4, the humidity regulating device 5, the temperature monitoring device 3 and the humidity monitoring device 2 by signals. The control device 6 receives the temperature and humidity data collected by the temperature and humidity monitoring device 2, and sends an instruction to the temperature and humidity regulating device 5 to run or stop the device. Since the humidity regulating device 5 and the refrigeration device are placed inside the enclosed space 1, they can effectively ensure the relative stability of the temperature and humidity inside the enclosed space 1, reduce the influence of the external temperature and atmospheric humidity on vegetable planting, and can simulate the climate conditions of natural frost inside the enclosed space 1 through the humidity regulating device 5 and the refrigeration device, thereby realizing the natural simulation of frost on the growing vegetables.

Furthermore, a wireless communication module 7 and a remote control terminal 8 may be included. The remote control terminal 8 is connected to the control device 6 by signal through the wireless communication module 7. At this time, the control device 6 receives the instructions for running and stopping the temperature and humidity adjustment device sent by the remote control terminal 8 through the wireless communication module 7, and sends the temperature and humidity data obtained by the temperature and humidity monitoring device to the remote control terminal 8. In addition, the temperature and humidity monitoring device and the adjustment device can also be connected to the control device 6 by signal through the wireless communication module 7.

Specifically, the humidity regulating device 5 inside the enclosed space 1 is preferably selected as a mist humidification device and a fan 51, and the refrigeration device is preferably selected as an air-cooled refrigerator. Since the device is mostly used in large enclosed spaces 1 such as vegetable greenhouses, the investment required to build a direct cooling refrigeration device is large, and the refrigeration uniformity is general. Local low temperature may even freeze the vegetables. Therefore, the selection of an air-cooled refrigerator can better ensure the refrigeration and frosting effect of the vegetable field. The air-cooled refrigerator includes a blowing device 41 and an evaporator 42, and the heat dissipation device includes a condenser 45 and a compressor 43. The evaporator 42 and the heat dissipation device are connected by a conduit, and the inside of the conduit is filled with a condensing agent. The condensing agent can be a common Freon. A throttling mechanism 44 is also provided between the heat dissipation device and the evaporator 42. The refrigeration inside the enclosed space 1 is realized by controlling the transmission of the condensing agent by the throttling mechanism 44. The working principle of the throttling mechanism 44 used in the refrigerator is the existing technology, and the detailed installation and operation are not repeated here. After the system is started, Freon passes through the evaporator 42 under low temperature and low pressure conditions, absorbs heat, causes the surrounding environment to cool down, and simulates the temperature conditions required for frost reduction. Subsequently, the gaseous Freon is guided to the compressor 43 through a conduit and compressed into a high-temperature and high-pressure liquid, which is then transmitted to the condenser 45 through a throttling mechanism. When the liquid passes through the condenser 45, it releases heat to the outdoors. The blowing device 41 pushes the airflow through the evaporator 42, cools the airflow and distributes it among the vegetables. The atomizing humidification device of the humidity control device can use an atomizing sheet 52. Specifically, the atomizing humidification device includes a water tank 54, a water pump 53, an atomizing sheet 52, etc. The water pump 53 transports the water in the water tank 54 to the atomizing sheet 52 for atomization treatment. The atomized mist will be pushed by the fan 51 to transport the mist to the vegetables. Since vegetable leaves are easily frostbitten and the parts of vegetables that need to be frosted to improve the taste are often rhizomes, it is preferred that the temperature monitoring device 3, the humidity monitoring device 2, the fan 51 for pushing the mist to move, and the air-cooled refrigerator are installed on the surface inside the enclosed space 1. The equipment located on the surface only blows cold air and mist to the rhizomes of the vegetables, which can reduce the degree of frostbite on the leaves and also reduce energy consumption. Furthermore, in order to optimize the equipment distribution, the humidity regulating equipment 5 and the refrigeration equipment can be designed into an integrated structure, as shown in Figure 3. A number of simulation terminals are reasonably placed inside the enclosed space 1. The temperature monitoring equipment 3 and the humidity monitoring equipment 2 are integrated on the simulation terminal. A water tank 54 is provided inside the simulation terminal. The water tank 54 is filled with water for atomization. A mist concentration cabin 55 is also provided. The bottom surface of the mist concentration cabin 55 is an atomization sheet 52. A water pump 53 connects the mist concentration cabin 55 and the water tank 54. After the water pump 53 pumps the water in the water tank 54 to the atomization sheet 52, the atomization sheet 52 atomizes the water, and the obtained mist will be concentrated in the mist concentration cabin 55. An opening is provided on the side wall of the mist concentration cabin 55, and a fan 51 is installed on the opening. The operation of the fan 51 will bring the mist out of the mist concentration cabin 55 and transport it between the vegetables. The evaporator 42 of the refrigeration equipment is installed under the mist concentration cabin 55. When the humidity reaches the target, the atomizing humidification equipment stops the atomizing work, and the refrigeration equipment starts to run. The external air enters the mist concentration cabin 55 through the evaporator 42, and is brought out by the fan 51 and sent to the vegetables. At this time, the fan 51 is directly used as a blowing device of the air-cooled refrigerator.

Carbon dioxide affects the respiration and photosynthesis of plants. Reasonable increase of carbon dioxide will promote photosynthesis and thus increase sugar accumulation, thus improving the taste of vegetables. Therefore, the enclosed space 1 in this case is also connected to a _CO2 gas source that provides carbon dioxide gas into the enclosed space 1. By introducing carbon dioxide into the enclosed space 1 at the right time, the internal temperature can be guaranteed, thereby ensuring the activity of plant growth.

Based on the above device, the present case discloses a method for simulating natural frost suitable for vegetable planting, which includes the following steps.

Step 1: A humidity regulating device 5, a temperature monitoring device 3, a humidity monitoring device 2, a temperature regulating device 4 and a control device 6 are provided inside a confined space 1. The temperature regulating device 4 includes a refrigeration device and a heat dissipation device. The refrigeration device is located inside the confined space 1, and the heat dissipation device is located outside the confined space 1. The control device 6 is respectively connected to the temperature regulating device 4, the humidity regulating device 5, the temperature monitoring device 3 and the humidity monitoring device 2 by signals.

Step 2: The temperature monitoring device 3 and the humidity monitoring device 2 transmit the monitoring data to the control device 6 , and the control device 6 sends a working instruction to the temperature adjustment device 4 and the humidity adjustment device 5 .

Furthermore, the control device 6 can be connected to the remote control terminal 8 by signal through the wireless communication module 7, and the control device 6 sends the obtained temperature and humidity data to the remote control terminal 8, so that the staff does not need to arrive at the site, that is, according to the data provided by the remote control terminal 8, the control device 6 sends the operation and stop instructions to the temperature and humidity adjustment device. On the other hand, the control device 6 can also realize the automatic management of the temperature and humidity adjustment device by presetting the device operation conditions and operation programs, and the corresponding operation conditions and operation programs can also be directly sent to the control device 6 using the remote control terminal 8.

Step three: The humidity regulating device 5 and the temperature regulating device 4 adjust the operating status based on the humidity and temperature results obtained by the humidity monitoring device 2 and the temperature monitoring device 3. The humidity regulating device 5 increases the humidity level inside the enclosed space 1 to 80%-100%, and the temperature regulating device 4 lowers the room temperature in the enclosed space 1 to below the freezing point. By simulating the temperature and humidity conditions of natural frost, natural frost is achieved on the surface of vegetables.

Furthermore, the temperature and humidity adjustment steps can be refined to optimize the natural frost simulation process, thereby improving the energy efficiency of the simulation process. Specifically, the temperature of the environment between the vegetables can be appropriately lowered first, and the vegetables can be allowed to maintain low-temperature growth for a period of time without damaging the vegetable cells, so as to promote the conversion of sugars inside the vegetables. Since the density of water is the highest at 4°C, and 4°C will not cause frostbite to vegetables, before determining to start the natural frost simulation, the air temperature can be maintained at about 4°C, and the overall temperature of the vegetables can also be maintained at about 4°C. When it is necessary to start the natural frost simulation, the temperature is further lowered, and the humidity adjustment device 5 starts working when the temperature is lower than 4°C and the humidity is lower than 80%. Since the vegetables already have a certain low-temperature basis, after the fog is generated, the natural frost simulation can be started as long as the temperature is continuously lowered for a short period of time.

Furthermore, to prevent vegetables from being frozen, the temperature regulating device 4 reduces the operating power or stops continuous operation when the temperature is below 0°C and enters dynamic temperature control, so that the surface temperature inside the enclosed space 1 is maintained between 0°C and -3°C. At this time, the mist can condense and form frost in a low temperature environment, and the growth of vegetables will not be affected by too low a temperature. As for starting the simulated natural frost, since the outside temperature is also low at night, the impact on the enclosed space 1 is small, so it is more appropriate to start it at night to achieve simulated natural frost at night.

Step 4: After the simulation of natural frost is completed, the temperature regulating device 4 stops working and the humidity regulating device 5 stops working. Specifically, after the simulation of natural frost is completed, in order to avoid long-term freezing to damage vegetables, the control device 6 can be provided with a timing device, which starts the countdown from the time when the temperature is lower than 0°C for the first time, and the temperature regulating device 4 stops running after the preset countdown is completed. The time required for different vegetables is also different. Taking cabbage as an example, it can be harvested 12 hours after the frost, while for radish, since it grows in the ground, the time required may be relatively longer. Similarly, excessive humidity in the air will also affect plant growth, so the humidity regulating device 5 can also be preset for countdown. The countdown starting point is also when the temperature is lower than 0°C for the first time. In order to avoid excessive accumulation of frost, the humidity regulating device can generally be stopped 4-5 hours after the countdown starts. In addition, it is also beneficial to vegetable planting to introduce an appropriate amount of carbon dioxide gas into the enclosed space 1 in a timely manner.

In summary, the specific operation of simulating natural frost is that when the vegetables are determined to be harvested, a certain amount of carbon dioxide can be introduced into the enclosed space 1 during the daytime planting period, such as a week, and the carbon dioxide can be introduced when the sun is rising. At this time, the increase in carbon dioxide concentration can promote plant photosynthesis, and due to the heat preservation effect of carbon dioxide, the plants in the greenhouse can be in a better growth state. At night, the temperature regulating device 4 is turned on to reduce the temperature in the greenhouse to about 4°C. Low temperature can reduce plant respiratory activity and reduce the consumption of sugars. At the same time, it allows plants to adapt to the low temperature environment and convert a large amount of starch. After a week of high temperature difference cultivation, the temperature regulating device 4 is allowed to further reduce the ambient temperature at night on the last day to maintain the temperature between 0°C and -3°C, and the humidity regulating device is started at the same time to maintain the humidity at 80%-100%, simulating natural frost on vegetables. During this period, the control device 6 regulates the temperature regulating device 4 and the humidity regulating device 5 to meet the frost conditions in the enclosed space 1, and at the same time, a countdown to the end of work is performed. According to different countdown conditions, the temperature regulating device 4 and the humidity regulating device 5 are closed in time. After completing the simulation of natural frost, a small amount of carbon dioxide gas is introduced into the greenhouse again. The temperature in the greenhouse gradually increases with the greenhouse effect of the greenhouse. The frost slowly melts and the vegetables can be harvested at any time, resulting in frost-bitten vegetables with excellent taste.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the technical scope of the present invention. Therefore, any changes or modifications made according to the claims and description of the present invention should fall within the scope of the patent of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. A device for simulating natural frost suitable for vegetable planting, characterized in that it includes a confined space, wherein a humidity regulating device, a temperature monitoring device and a humidity monitoring device are arranged inside the confined space, and further includes a temperature regulating device and a control device, wherein the temperature regulating device includes a refrigeration device and a heat dissipation device, wherein the refrigeration device is located inside the confined space, and the heat dissipation device is located outside the confined space, and the control device is respectively connected to the temperature regulating device, the humidity regulating device, the temperature monitoring device and the humidity monitoring device by signals. 2. A device for simulating natural frost suitable for vegetable planting according to claim 1, characterized in that the humidity regulating device is an atomizing humidifying device and a fan, and the refrigeration device is an air-cooled refrigerator. 3. The device for simulating natural frost for vegetable planting according to claim 1, characterized in that the enclosed space is also connected to a _CO2 gas source for providing carbon dioxide gas into the enclosed space. 4. The device for simulating natural frost suitable for vegetable planting according to claim 2 is characterized in that the temperature monitoring equipment, humidity monitoring equipment, atomizing humidification equipment, fan and the air-cooled refrigerator are installed on the inner surface of the enclosed space. 5. A method for simulating natural frost for vegetable planting, comprising the following steps: Step 1: A humidity regulating device, a temperature monitoring device, a humidity monitoring device, a temperature regulating device and a control device are arranged inside a confined space, wherein the temperature regulating device comprises a refrigeration device and a heat dissipation device, the refrigeration device is located inside the confined space, the heat dissipation device is located outside the confined space, and the control device is respectively connected to the temperature regulating device, the humidity regulating device, the temperature monitoring device and the humidity monitoring device by signals; Step 2: The temperature monitoring device and the humidity monitoring device transmit the monitoring data to the control device, and the control device sends a work instruction to the temperature adjustment device and the humidity adjustment device; Step 3: The humidity regulating device and the temperature regulating device regulate the operating state based on the temperature result obtained by the temperature monitoring device. The humidity regulating device increases the humidity level inside the enclosed space, and the temperature regulating device lowers the room temperature in the enclosed space to below the freezing point, so as to achieve natural frost on the surface of the vegetables. Step 4: The temperature regulating device stops working. 6. A method for simulating natural frost suitable for vegetable planting according to claim 5, characterized in that: in the step three, the humidity regulating device starts working when the temperature is lower than 4°C and the humidity is lower than 80%, and the temperature regulating device reduces the operating power or stops continuous operation when the temperature is lower than 0°C and enters dynamic temperature control, so that the surface temperature inside the enclosed space is maintained between 0°C and -3°C. 7. A method for simulating natural frost suitable for vegetable planting according to claim 6, characterized in that: the control device is provided with a timing device, which starts counting down from the time when the temperature first drops below 0°C, and the temperature regulating device stops running after the preset countdown is completed. 8. A method for simulating natural frost for vegetable planting according to claim 5, characterized in that: said step three is started at night to simulate natural frost at night. 9. A method for simulating natural frost for vegetable planting according to claim 5, characterized in that carbon dioxide is introduced into the enclosed space during the daytime planting period.