CN118060936B

CN118060936B - Dual-purpose tool for box products and processing method

Info

Publication number: CN118060936B
Application number: CN202410264656.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 高峰; 刘浩; 安利宾; 张康; 任腾; 袁敏刚; 陈建华
Original assignee: Xian Aerospace Engine Co Ltd
Current assignee: Xian Aerospace Engine Co Ltd
Priority date: 2024-03-08
Filing date: 2024-03-08
Publication date: 2025-07-22
Anticipated expiration: 2044-03-08
Also published as: CN118060936A

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of mechanical processing of aerospace products, and discloses a dual-purpose tooling and processing method for box-type products. The tooling of the present invention has high reliability, reasonable design, simple structure, simple operation, low skill level requirements, small matching clearance and high positioning accuracy. It avoids many disadvantages when using traditional combination fixtures (clamps composed of lathe faceplate angle irons), greatly shortens the time for product clamping and alignment, reduces labor, and reduces personnel costs. It can adapt to the rhythm of rapid testing and iterative production of aerospace products. The tooling has good performance and long service life. One set of tooling can be used for mass production. It has a wide range of promotion and high economic value.

Description

Dual-purpose tool for box products and processing method

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of machining of aerospace products, in particular to a dual-purpose tool for box products and a machining method.

Background

When some box products are machined, the centering of the eccentric circle center of the products is difficult to achieve by utilizing the universal fixture of the lathe, and the clamping of the products is difficult due to the lack of a reference surface. The production of the product mostly uses the traditional combined clamp (the clamp formed by matching the angle irons of the lathe faceplate), but because the error accumulation between standard components in the combined clamp is larger, the time for clamping, positioning and adjusting balance is longer, the production cost is high, the efficiency is low, and the requirements on the skill level of operators are high. Therefore, for mass production of irregular box products, a processing tool and a processing method with convenient loading and unloading of products, high alignment efficiency and high processing quality are needed.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention solves the technical problems of providing a processing method of box products, and a tooling with simple structure and convenient operation under the corresponding method, which can clamp the box products, has strong universality and can replace the traditional combined clamp. The product is not damaged, the method can adapt to mass production rhythm, and the form and position tolerance of the product can be ensured.

The invention provides a processing method of a box product, which is characterized in that the box product is of a quadrangular box structure and is an eccentric part, an internal thread and an intersecting hole are formed in the box product, one hole penetrates through two ends of the product and extends out of the end face of the box to form two cylindrical boss structures, namely an H circle and an M circle, the central axes of the two H circles and the M circles are not positioned in the center of a square box, and the processing method comprises the following steps:

the method comprises the steps of designing a dual-purpose tool, wherein the dual-purpose tool comprises a clamping end and a positioning fixed end which is connected with the clamping end and is provided with two mutually perpendicular installation planes;

defining a virtual coordinate system at the center of an interface where the clamping end and the positioning fixed end are intersected, wherein an X axis coincides with the central axis of the clamping end, a Y axis is perpendicular to one of the installation planes, and a Z axis meets a right-hand Cartesian coordinate system;

Positioning the product according to the relation between two machining parts of the box product and the installation plane by utilizing a six-point positioning principle, and simultaneously, machining a threaded hole and a groove on the installation plane while meeting the coaxial relation between the center line of the part to be machined of the product and the rotation center line of the lathe spindle;

The method comprises the steps of installing a dual-purpose tool on a lathe, longitudinally clamping a product, installing a box product on the dual-purpose tool, embedding a cylindrical protruding structure H circle into a groove on an installation plane along the X direction of the product, tightly attaching the installation plane to the end surface of the root of the outer circle of the corresponding box product for positioning the product, fixing the product with the dual-purpose tool by utilizing a fastener through a product process hole along the X direction, and finishing the processing of an eccentric hole F of the box product along the X direction;

After the product is processed, the fastener is disassembled along the X direction;

Transversely clamping a product, circularly embedding a cylindrical boss H of the product into a groove of a mounting plane along the Y direction, tightly attaching the mounting plane to the end surface of the root part of the outer circle of the corresponding box product for positioning the product, and fixing the product with a dual-purpose tool by utilizing a fastener to pass through a product process hole along the Y direction, wherein during processing, the eccentric hole G of the box product is finished along the X direction;

and disassembling the fastener, namely disassembling the fastener along the Y direction after the product is processed.

Preferably, when the dual-purpose tool is installed on a lathe, radial circle runout and end face circle runout of the tool need to be aligned, and the two runout amounts are all in the range of 0.03 mm.

A dual-purpose tool for box products is characterized in that the box products are quadrangular box structures and are eccentric parts, internal threads and intersecting holes are formed in the box products, one hole penetrates through two ends of the products and extends out of end faces of the box products to form two cylindrical boss structures, an H circle and an M circle, central axes of the two H circles and the M circle are not located in the center of a square box body, the tool comprises a tool body, one end of the tool body is a clamping end matched with a lathe, the other end of the tool body is a positioning fixed end provided with two mutually perpendicular mounting planes, the two mounting planes are respectively used as positioning planes when inner holes of different end faces of the products are machined, two threaded holes and grooves are formed in the two mounting planes, the positions of the threaded holes in the two mounting planes are matched with the process holes in the box products to achieve fixing of the products, and the positions of the grooves in the two mounting planes are matched with the H circles of the cylindrical boss structures to achieve product positioning when machining, and the fact that the inner holes to be machined are coaxial with the central axes of the clamping ends are met.

Preferably, the tool further comprises a bushing and a fastener, wherein the bushing is arranged in a process hole of the box product, and the fastener penetrates through the bushing and is matched with a threaded hole in the tool body to fix the product.

Preferably, the fastener is a hexagon bolt, and the hexagon bolt is perpendicular to the positioning plane after fastening.

Preferably, the bushing is a polytetrafluoroethylene bushing.

Preferably, the clamping end is of a cylindrical structure.

Preferably, the cylindrical protrusion is in clearance fit with the recess.

Preferably, the gap is 0.01-0.03 mm.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. The tool disclosed by the invention has the advantages of high reliability and accurate product positioning, can realize quick assembly and disassembly, greatly shortens the product alignment time from 15min before to 2min at present, does not need to be aligned again in mass production after the first product is aligned, and provides a thought for processing eccentric holes of box products. Compared with the traditional combined clamp, the highest rotating speed is 800r/min, the rotating speed can be improved to 3000r/min, and the production efficiency is greatly improved.

2. The operation is simple, the skill level requirement is low, the minimum required skill level is used as a middle-level worker by the traditional combined clamp, and the product can be processed by the primary worker at present;

3. The labor force is reduced, one set of tool is used for processing two inner cavity parts of a product, the use cost of two sets of combined clamps is reduced, and the input personnel cost is reduced.

4. The tool is strong in universality, wide in application range and convenient to assemble and disassemble, the tool can be arranged on most of three-jaw self-centering chucks of lathes, and a product can be assembled and disassembled only by assembling and disassembling two hexagon bolts;

5. the tool has good service performance and long service life, and one set of tool can be used for producing at least 5 thousands of products;

6. the economic benefit is created, the risk of crushing products during clamping of the traditional combined clamp is avoided, the one-time processing qualification rate of the products is improved to 98% from 91%, and compared with the traditional processing method, the cost and the fund are saved by about 2 kiloyuan.

7. The tooling has a wide popularization range and expandability, and is suitable for box structure products.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view 1 of the invention, and the product is in a transverse clamping state. In the figure, (1) product, (2) tool, (3) bushing, (4) hexagonal bolt

Fig. 2 is a schematic view 2 of the structure of the invention, and the product is in a longitudinal clamping state.

FIG. 3 is an exemplary product, wherein (H) is a large outer circle;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view in transverse mounting section corresponding to FIG. 1 wherein (G) is an eccentric aperture;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view in longitudinal section of the installation, corresponding to FIG. 2, wherein (F) is an eccentric cavity;

Detailed Description

The invention is further illustrated below with reference to examples.

The invention relates to the field of machining of aerospace products, and discloses a machining method of box-type products. The invention mainly utilizes the six-point positioning principle to position the product, and simultaneously, the center line of the part to be processed of the product is coaxial with the rotation center line of the main shaft of the lathe, so that the product is positioned at the correct position. And designing a tool according to the distance between the central axis of the part to be processed of the product and the outer surface of the product. The main body of the product is shown in the whole structure figure 3, and the main characteristic of the product is that the product is a quadrangular box body structure, and the interior of the product is provided with internal threads, intersecting holes, eccentric holes G, F and the like. The invention can realize the longitudinal and transverse installation of the product to process the corresponding inner cavity. The reliable clamping of the product and the processing of the eccentric hole position of the product are realized. And dismantle the product conveniently, the frock body can realize most lathes general. The processing steps are as follows:

As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the product 1 may be mounted on the tooling 2 transversely or may be mounted on the tooling 2 longitudinally. When the product is mounted transversely on the tooling 2, as shown in the schematic cut-away view of fig. 4, a virtual coordinate system is set up in the center of the tooling for better clarity of description. The X axis coincides with the central axis of the clamping end, the Y axis is perpendicular to one of the installation planes, and the Z axis meets the right-hand Cartesian coordinate system, as shown in figures 4 and 5. The transverse installation product is mainly used for processing a left inner hole G of the product as shown in fig. 4, and at the moment, the center line of the left inner hole of the product is coaxial with the center line of the right cylindrical surface of the tool, namely, the center line of the left inner hole of the product and the center line of the right cylindrical surface of the tool are both positioned on the X axis. At this time, the large outer circle H of the product in the negative direction of Y is sleeved in the tool and is in clearance fit with the tool. The lower end face of the product, which is parallel to the X-axis direction, is tightly attached to the tool and is used for positioning the product, so that the lower end face of the product is positioned at the correct position. And two hexagon bolts 4 penetrate through the product along the negative direction of the Y axis and are matched and fastened with the internal threaded holes on the tool, so that the rotation of the product along the Y axis direction and the displacement in the Z direction are limited. The product is accurately positioned on the tool. And after the product is processed, the fastener is disassembled along the Y direction.

As shown in fig. 2 and fig. 5, when the product is longitudinally installed on the tool 2, the product is longitudinally installed mainly for machining an internal threaded hole F on the left side of the product, which is coaxial with the X direction, and at this time, the center line of the left internal threaded hole of the product is coaxial with the center line of the right cylindrical surface of the tool, that is, the center line of the left internal threaded hole of the product and the center line of the right cylindrical surface of the tool are both located on the X axis. At the moment, a large outer circle H of the product in the X-axis negative direction is sleeved and embedded in the tool and is in clearance fit with an inner hole on the tool. The right end face of the product, which is parallel to the Y-axis direction, is tightly attached to the tool and is used for positioning the end face of the product, so that the right end face of the product is positioned at the correct position. And two hexagon bolts 4 penetrate through the product along the positive direction of the X axis and are matched and fastened with the tool, so that the rotation of the product along the X axis and the displacement of the product along the Y axis are limited. The product is accurately positioned on the tool. And after the product is processed, the fastener is disassembled along the X direction.

The invention provides a dual-purpose tool suitable for the processing method, which comprises a tool body 2, a polytetrafluoroethylene lining 3, a lining for short and a hexagon bolt 4. The hexagon bolt 4 can pass through two inner holes of the bushing 3 and the product 1 and is matched with the tool body 2.

One end of the tool body 2 is a clamping end matched with a lathe, the other end of the tool body is a positioning fixed end with two mutually perpendicular mounting planes, the two mounting planes are respectively used as positioning planes for processing inner holes of different end faces of a product, threaded holes and grooves are formed in the two mounting planes, the positions of the threaded holes in the two mounting planes are used for being matched with process holes in box products to fix the product during processing, and the positions of the grooves in the two mounting planes are used for being matched with the cylindrical protruding structure during processing to achieve product positioning and meet the requirement that the inner holes to be processed are coaxial with the central line of the clamping end.

The right cylindrical surface part (clamping end) of the tool body 2 is used for being clamped in a lathe three-jaw chuck, and the center line of the right cylindrical surface of the tool is coaxial with a lathe spindle. When two hexagon bolts 4 are used for fastening the product, the center line of the excircle part of each hexagon bolt 4 is perpendicular to the product positioning surface. When two hexagon bolts 4 are used for fastening products, the products need to pass through the polytetrafluoroethylene lining 3, and the lining 3 is used for protecting the products from being crushed by the bolts.

The tool disclosed by the invention has the advantages of high reliability, reasonable design, simple structure, simplicity in operation, low skill level requirement, small fit clearance and high positioning accuracy. The fixture has the advantages that a plurality of defects of the traditional combined fixture (fixture formed by matching the lathe face plate angle irons) are avoided, the clamping and aligning time of a product is greatly shortened, the eccentric inner cavity is conveniently machined, the labor force is reduced, and the personnel cost is reduced. The method can be suitable for the rhythm of the rapid test and iterative production of the aerospace product. The tool has good service performance and long service life, and the tool can be used for mass production. Has wider popularization range and high economic value.

Although the present invention has been described in terms of the preferred embodiments, it is not intended to be limited to the embodiments, and any person skilled in the art can make any possible variations and modifications to the technical solution of the present invention by using the methods and technical matters disclosed above without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, so any simple modifications, equivalent variations and modifications to the embodiments described above according to the technical matters of the present invention are within the scope of the technical matters of the present invention.

Claims

1. A processing method for a box-type product, wherein the box-type product is a quadrangular prism box structure, which is an eccentric part; there are internal threads and intersecting holes inside, one of which passes through both ends of the product and extends out of the end surface of the box to form two cylindrical boss structures, H circle and M circle; and the central axis positions of the two H circles and M circles are not in the center of the square box; it is characterized by comprising:

Designing a dual-purpose tool, the dual-purpose tool comprising a clamping end and a positioning and fixing end connected thereto and having two mutually perpendicular mounting planes;

A virtual coordinate system is defined at the center of the interface where the clamping end and the positioning and fixing end intersect, the X-axis coincides with the central axis of the clamping end, the Y-axis is perpendicular to one of the mounting planes, and the Z-axis satisfies a right-handed Cartesian coordinate system;

According to the relationship between the two processing parts of the box-type product and the installation plane, the product is positioned using the six-point positioning principle, and at the same time, the center line of the product to be processed is coaxial with the rotation center line of the lathe spindle, and the threaded holes and grooves are processed on the installation plane;

Install the dual-purpose tooling on the lathe, clamp the product longitudinally, install the box-type product on the dual-purpose tooling, and embed the cylindrical protrusion structure H circle into the groove on the installation plane along the X direction. The installation plane is tightly fitted with the outer circle root end face of the corresponding box-type product to position the product; fasteners are used to pass through the product process hole along the X direction to fix it with the dual-purpose tooling, and the eccentric hole F of the box-type product is processed along the X direction;

After processing the product, remove the fasteners along the X direction;

Clamp the product horizontally, and embed the cylindrical protrusion H of the product into the groove of a mounting plane along the Y direction. The mounting plane is tightly fitted with the end face of the outer circle root of the corresponding box-type product to position the product; fasteners are used to pass through the product process holes and fix them with the dual-purpose tooling along the Y direction. During processing, the eccentric hole G of the box-type product is processed along the X direction;

Remove the fasteners, and after processing the product, remove the fasteners along the Y direction.

2. The processing method according to claim 1 is characterized in that when the dual-purpose tool is installed on the lathe, the radial circular runout and the end circular runout of the tool need to be aligned, and both runouts are within the range of 0.03mm.

3. A dual-purpose tooling for box-type products, which is a quadrangular prism box structure and an eccentric part; it has internal threads and intersecting holes inside, one of the holes passes through both ends of the product and extends out of the end face of the box to form two cylindrical boss structures, an H circle and an M circle; and the center axis positions of the two H circles and the M circle are not in the center of the square box; it is characterized in that the tooling includes a tooling body; one end of the tooling body is a clamping end that cooperates with a lathe, and the other end is a positioning and fixing end with two mutually perpendicular mounting planes, the two mounting planes are respectively used as positioning planes when processing the inner holes of different end faces of the product, and two threaded holes and grooves are arranged on the two mounting planes; the positions of the threaded holes on the two mounting planes are used to cooperate with the process holes on the box-type products during processing to achieve product fixation; the positions of the grooves on the two mounting planes are used to cooperate with the cylindrical protrusion structure H circle during processing to achieve product positioning, and to ensure that the inner hole to be processed is coaxial with the center line of the clamping end.

4. The dual-purpose tooling according to claim 3 is characterized in that it also includes a bushing and a fastener; the bushing is installed in the process hole of the box-type product, and the fastener passes through the bushing and cooperates with the threaded hole on the tooling body to fix the product.

5. The dual-purpose tool according to claim 4, characterized in that the fastener is a hexagonal bolt, which is perpendicular to the positioning plane after being tightened.

6. The dual-purpose tool according to claim 4, characterized in that the bushing is a polytetrafluoroethylene bushing.

7. The dual-purpose tool according to claim 3, characterized in that the clamping end is a cylindrical structure.

8. The dual-purpose tool according to claim 3, characterized in that the cylindrical protrusion and the groove are loosely matched.

9. The dual-purpose tool according to claim 8, characterized in that the gap is 0.01-0.03 mm.