CN118007943A - Shape-changeable pouring filling device and application method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention discloses a pouring and filling device with a changeable shape and a method for using the same. The device includes four completely identical basic modules. The outside of the basic module is a rectangular parallelepiped structure, and the inside is an arc structure. The arc of each module corresponds to a central angle of 90°. Each module is provided with a square protrusion at one end and two square grooves with openings beyond the outside at the other end. The square grooves of the basic module are used in conjunction with the square protrusions of the adjacent basic modules. A pouring port is provided at the upper center of one of the four basic modules for pouring filling materials. The filling device provided by the present invention can be converted between circular and square shapes, thereby improving the flexibility and adaptability of the filling and mining structure. The shape can be adjusted according to the needs of the project and the characteristics of filling columns of different shapes. The basic modules can be mass-produced and are easy to construct. They are easy to disassemble and assemble, thereby improving work efficiency.

Description

A pouring and filling device with changeable shape and its use method

Technical Field

The invention relates to a pouring and filling device with changeable shape and a use method thereof, belonging to the field of filling mining.

Background technique

Based on the current increasing demand for mining coal resources left over from the three areas (water bodies, railways, cities, and villages) in my country, in recent years, in order to solve the mining problems of compressed coal and residual coal from corners in the three areas (under buildings, under water bodies, and under railways), the ecological protection mining technology of backfill mining has emerged, and its importance has become increasingly prominent. However, my country's backfill mining technology still faces many challenges, such as: first, the backfilling operation affects the coal mining speed, coal output, and coal production efficiency; second, there is a shortage of backfilling materials, and the amount of gangue required for large-scale backfilling mining is seriously insufficient; third, the cost of backfilling operations is too high, which cannot meet the requirements of low-carbon green mining. Column backfilling mining technology is a manifestation of partial backfilling technology. The design principle of structural backfilling is: the direct top does not break and the deformation is within the allowable range, the backfilling body has sufficient compressive strength and can bear long-term stable loads. According to this principle, the key positions of structural filling are determined as follows: special geological structure areas, surrounding rock stress concentration areas, the maximum stress point of the direct top, the maximum deformation point of the direct top and the weak points of the filling body itself, etc. Therefore, in the actual construction process, the shape of the filling column has a significant impact on its performance. The construction party can analyze the requirements of different filling areas for surrounding rock characteristics, bearing capacity, shear resistance, bending resistance and other performances. At the same time, combined with the uniform stress of circular filling columns, relatively small surface area, but poor stability, square filling columns have good stability, small diagonal effect, more uniform material distribution, but large surface area and material accumulation at the edge of the filling process, affecting the overall performance, etc., different forms of filling columns are selected in different filling areas to improve the support effect and safety performance of the filling. In order to effectively deal with the transportation efficiency problems of the filling column casting and maintenance device in the filling mining, the poor working surface environment, the changes in the roof conditions, the required filling columns of different shapes, and the cumbersome problems of the filling column casting procedure, while saving the cost of mold manufacturing and facilitating the recycling of resources, the present invention is conceived.

Summary of the invention

The present invention aims to provide a shape-changing pouring and filling device and a method of using the same, which can transform the shape according to actual engineering needs and improve its flexibility and adaptability.

The shape-changing filling column device provided by the present invention adopts a basic module of a special shape. The basic module is assembled by nesting a square convex block at the front with a square groove at the rear of another module that docks with the square convex block, so that the filling column can be converted between a circular shape and a square shape. In the specific construction process, the filling device selects filling columns of different shapes according to the specific working conditions of different filling areas to improve the filling effect, improve the quality of the filling project, extend the service life of the project, and improve the construction efficiency. It can reduce the filling workload and the amount of filling materials used, reduce the filling cost, improve production efficiency, and be more flexible and convenient.

The design starting point of the present invention is: ① In order to facilitate the filling operation in the mine, the mold can be mass-produced and easy to disassemble; under the condition of good structural fixation, common materials such as wood and steel can be used; ② The filling device is used for casting. Considering that the circular and square filling columns have their own advantages and disadvantages, the shape of the required filling column can be selected according to the working conditions of different areas in the project; ③ The columnar filling mining technology with a fixed interval adopted by the present invention takes the special geological structure area and the surrounding rock stress concentration area as an example. The surrounding rock conditions in this area are relatively complex, and the filling body needs to have good adaptability and high stability. The circular filling column has a uniform stress distribution, which can effectively withstand the radial pressure from the surrounding rock and reduce the stress concentration phenomenon. In addition, the circular structure is usually better than the square or rectangular structure in terms of resistance to shear and bending, which helps to improve the overall stability of the filling body. However, when the filling area is located in a limited space or needs to be closely matched with the boundary of the goaf, the square structure has the advantage of bearing capacity in that its corners can better resist the stress from the surrounding rock.

The present invention provides a shape-changing pouring and filling device, which includes four completely identical basic modules. The outer side of the basic module is a rectangular structure, and the inner side is an arc structure. The central angle of the arc of each module is 90°. Each module is provided with a square protrusion at one end and two square grooves (similar to an I-beam structure) with openings beyond the outer side at the other end. The square grooves of the basic module are used in conjunction with the square protrusions of adjacent basic modules. A pouring port is provided at the upper center of one of the four basic modules for pouring filling materials.

Furthermore, the basic module material is made of wood, and the sizes and shapes of the four basic modules are exactly the same. They are used to splice circular or square filling column devices, with a thickness of 20-25 cm, a height determined by the mining height, and a width determined according to the size of the filling column template; the four basic modules are spliced with each other through the square protrusions at the ends and the square grooves set in the adjacent modules, and a square filling device or a circular filling device is obtained by splicing different modules with each other.

Furthermore, the square groove and the side wall of the basic module are provided with bolt holes for inserting bolts to reinforce the entire device during assembly to prevent the internal force generated during filling from destroying the overall structure.

Furthermore, the width of the square protrusion is 5 cm and the thickness is 5 cm. Bolt holes are arranged at the upper and lower ends of the square protrusion respectively. The bolt holes correspond to the positions of the bolt holes in the square grooves of the adjacent basic modules. The butted basic modules are connected and combined together by bolts.

Furthermore, in the above scheme, the square filling device is to connect the four basic modules with their vertical surfaces facing inwards through mutual nesting to form a frame structure with a square filling cavity in the middle, and the filling material is poured into the square filling cavity in the middle through the pouring port; and poured into a square filling column.

Furthermore, in the above scheme, the circular filling device is to place the arc surfaces of the four basic modules inwards, and connect them to form a circular frame structure with a circular filling cavity in the middle by nesting each other, and the filling material is poured into the circular filling cavity in the middle through the pouring port to form a circular filling column. Generally speaking, the size of the module should take into account factors such as the size of the filling space, the performance of the material used, and the cost.

Furthermore, the same basic module can be assembled into a square filling device or a circular filling device. Therefore, according to the project needs and the working conditions of different filling areas, and based on the characteristics of the square filling columns and the circular filling columns, the basic module can be transformed and assembled into a square filling device or a circular filling device, thereby casting filling columns of different shapes.

Furthermore, the size of the square filling cavity frame formed by splicing basic modules of the same size is larger than the size of the circular frame formed by splicing the basic modules into the circular filling cavity. Therefore, according to actual engineering needs, the basic modules can continue to be used to assemble the square filling device on the basis of the original circular filling columns, and the existing circular filling columns can be reinforced by secondary pouring.

The present invention provides a method for using the above-mentioned shape-changing pouring and filling device, comprising the following steps:

(1) Calculate the actual size of the filling body and the distance between each filling body according to the actual filling rate requirements of the project;

(2) Select a reasonable foundation template according to the actual project needs. For example, in a specific project, a square filling column with a filling size of 21m*2 1m*4.5m and a circular filling column with a diameter of 2m and a height of 4.5m are used, so a foundation module with a width of 2.3m, a thickness of 25cm and a height of 4.5m is used;

(3) According to the engineering calculation and the actual filling mold placement mark, the basic module is transported to the coal mining face, and more than two people are required to assemble it; if a square filling device is required, the vertical surfaces of the four basic modules are facing inwards and connected by mutual nesting to form a frame structure with a square filling cavity in the middle; if a circular filling device is required, the arc surfaces of the four basic modules are facing inwards and connected by mutual nesting to form a circular frame structure with a circular filling cavity in the middle;

(4) After the device is assembled and the stability is checked, the bolts are inserted into the bolt holes of the adjacent modules to reinforce the device;

(5) According to the construction requirements, pour the filling material into the filling device through the pouring port for pouring;

(6) After the construction is completed, the device will be dismantled. First, loosen and remove the bolts of the device, disassemble the device into four basic modules, and clean them.

Beneficial effects of the present invention:

(1) The filling device provided by the present invention can be converted between round and square shapes, which improves the flexibility and adaptability of the filling mining structure. The shape can be adjusted according to the requirements of the project and the characteristics of filling columns of different shapes, and has strong adaptability;

(2) The basic modules can be mass-produced and the construction is convenient;

(3) Easy disassembly and assembly, the shape and position of the filling column can be easily adjusted and controlled to improve work efficiency.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG1 is a schematic diagram of the basic module structure of a convertible square and circular filling device of the present invention;

FIG2 is a schematic diagram of the basic module structure including a pouring port;

FIG3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a square filling device assembled from basic modules of the present invention;

FIG4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a circular filling device assembled from basic modules of the present invention;

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a square filling column cast on a circular filling column for the second time;

FIG6 is a diagram showing the effect of using circular filling columns and square filling columns according to different working conditions in Example 3;

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the reinforcement effect of a square filling column formed by secondary casting on an existing circular filling column in Example 4.

In the figure: 1. basic module, 2. square groove, 3. square protrusion, 4. bolt hole, 5. bolt, 6. pouring port.

Detailed ways

The present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments:

As shown in Figures 1 to 5, the present invention provides a casting and filling device that can be transformed into square and circular shapes, including four completely identical basic modules 1. The outer side of the basic module 1 is a rectangular parallelepiped structure, and the inner side is an arc structure. The central angle corresponding to the arc of each module is 90°. Each module is provided with a square protrusion 3 at one end and two square grooves 2 (similar to an I-beam structure) with openings beyond the outer side at the other end. The square grooves 2 of the basic module are used in conjunction with the square protrusions 3 of the adjacent basic modules; a casting port 6 is provided at the upper center of one of the four basic modules for casting filling materials.

Furthermore, the material of the basic module 1 is selected from wood, and the sizes and shapes of the four basic modules are exactly the same. They are used to splice circular or square filling column devices, with a thickness of 20-25 cm, a height determined by the mining height, and a width determined according to the size of the filling column template; the four basic modules are spliced with each other through the square protrusions at the ends and the square grooves set in the adjacent modules, and a square filling device or a circular filling device is obtained by splicing different modules with each other.

Furthermore, the square groove and the side wall of the basic module are provided with bolt holes 4 for inserting bolts to reinforce the entire device during assembly to prevent the internal force generated during filling from destroying the overall structure.

Furthermore, the width of the square protrusion 3 is 5 cm and the thickness is 5 cm. Bolt holes 4 are arranged at the upper and lower ends of the square protrusion respectively. The bolt holes correspond to the positions of the bolt holes in the square grooves 2 of the adjacent basic modules. The butted basic modules are connected and combined together by bolts.

Furthermore, in the above scheme, the square filling device is to connect the four basic modules with their vertical surfaces facing inwards through mutual nesting to form a frame structure with a square filling cavity in the middle, as shown in Figure 3, and the filling material is poured into the square filling cavity in the middle through the pouring port; and poured into a square filling column.

Furthermore, in the above scheme, the circular filling device is to place the arc surfaces of the four basic modules inwards, and connect them to form a circular frame structure with a circular filling cavity in the middle by nesting each other, as shown in Figure 4, and the filling material is poured into the circular filling cavity in the middle through the pouring port to form a circular filling column. Generally speaking, the size of the module should take into account factors such as the size of the filling space, the performance of the material used, and the cost.

Furthermore, the same basic module can be assembled into a square filling device or a circular filling device. Therefore, according to the project needs and the working conditions of different filling areas, and based on the characteristics of the square filling columns and the circular filling columns, the basic module can be transformed and assembled into a square filling device or a circular filling device, thereby casting filling columns of different shapes.

Furthermore, the size of the square filling cavity frame formed by splicing basic modules of the same size is larger than the size of the circular frame formed by splicing the basic modules into the circular filling cavity. Therefore, according to actual engineering needs, the basic modules can continue to be used to assemble the square filling device on the basis of the original circular filling columns, and the existing circular filling columns can be reinforced by secondary pouring.

The specific filling process is further illustrated by the following examples.

Example 1

(1) In a coal mine, the goaf is 2m high and 500m deep. The pseudo roof is mudstone with a thickness of about 0.2m; the direct roof is sandstone and siltstone with a thickness of about 5m; the floor is siltstone. Now it is necessary to partially fill the goaf. According to the actual engineering filling rate requirements, the actual size of the required filling body is calculated;

(2) Select reasonable basic modules according to the actual project needs. For example, in this project, a circular filling column with a filling radius of 1m is selected, so a basic module with a width of 2.3m, a thickness of 25cm and a height of 2m is selected. The radius of the circle corresponding to the arc structure splicing of the four modules is 1m.

(3) According to the engineering calculation and the actual mold placement mark, the mold is transported to the coal mining face, which requires more than two people to assemble; the arc surfaces of the four basic modules are facing inward, and they are nested and connected to form a circular frame structure with a circular filling cavity in the middle (as shown in Figure 4). After the assembly is completed, the spiral rod is inserted into the bolt hole for connection, and reinforced with nuts. After checking the stability, it is ready to be poured;

(4) Casting shall be carried out according to the material ratio requirements of the project. Water vapor can be sprayed on the filling port of the circular formwork before final setting to accelerate the solidification speed;

(5) After filling is completed, loosen the bolts and remove them, then dismantle the filling device, clean it, and recycle it.

Example 2

(1) The actual size of the filling body needs to be calculated based on the actual filling rate requirements of the project;

(2) Select a reasonable filling device according to the actual project needs. For example, in a specific project, a square filling column with a filling size of 2.5m*2.5m*4m is used. Therefore, a basic module with a width of 2.8m, a thickness of 25cm, and a height of 4m is selected. After assembling four modules, a square filling cavity with a size of 2.5m*2.5m*4m is formed.

(3) According to the engineering calculation and the actual mold placement mark, the mold is transported to the coal mining face, which requires more than two people to assemble; the vertical surfaces of the four basic modules are facing inward and connected by nesting each other to form a frame structure with a square filling cavity in the middle (as shown in Figure 3). After the assembly is completed, the spiral rod is inserted into the bolt hole for connection and reinforced with nuts. After checking the stability, it is ready to be poured;

(4) Casting is carried out according to the material ratio requirements of the project. The filling port of the square filling device can be sprayed with water vapor to accelerate the solidification speed before final setting;

(5) After filling is completed, loosen the bolts and remove them, then dismantle the filling device, clean it, and recycle it.

Example 3

(1) In a certain project, due to changes in the on-site construction environment and limitations on the construction site, the first section of the casting area is located in a residential area with many buildings and structures around it. Considering that the circular filling column has a more uniform force distribution, it is beneficial to improve the stability and bearing capacity of the structure. In addition, the circular filling column occupies a smaller area, which is beneficial to saving space. Therefore, when partially filling and casting this section of the area, it is necessary to use circular filling columns with better bearing performance. When casting the second section, because the construction site is located above the highway bridge area, it is considered that the square filling column exhibits better fatigue resistance during repeated deformation and loading. During the filling process, the square filling column has better stability. Since the four corners of the square column are right angles, it is easier to fill the material tightly during filling, which reduces the gap inside the column and improves the overall stability of the column. Therefore, when changing from circular filling columns to square filling columns during casting, it is necessary to calculate the actual size of the filling body according to the actual filling rate requirements of the project.

(2) The project uses circular filling columns with a diameter of 2 m and a height of 4.5 m; therefore, a basic module with a width of 2.3 m, a thickness of 25 cm and a height of 4.5 m is used. The circular filling cavity assembled from four basic modules has a diameter of 2 m and a height of 4.5 m.

(3) According to the engineering calculation and the actual module placement mark, the mold is transported to the coal mining face, which requires more than two people to assemble; the arc surface of the four basic modules is facing inward, and the square protrusions of the modules are nested and assembled with the square grooves of the adjacent modules, and they are connected by mutual nesting to form a circular frame structure with a circular filling cavity in the middle (as shown in Figure 4). After the assembly is completed, the spiral rod is inserted into the bolt, and the stability is checked and then ready for pouring;

(4) Casting shall be carried out according to the material ratio requirements of the project. Water vapor can be sprayed at the filling port of the circular device before final setting to accelerate the solidification speed;

(5) When workers are pouring the second section, according to the specific working conditions during the construction process, they need to use square filling columns with better fatigue resistance to improve the filling effect. The circular filling device is disassembled and reassembled into a square filling device. According to the size of the basic module, the filling columns poured in the second area are 2.05m*2.05m*4.5m square filling columns.

(6) According to the project requirements, workers can loosen the bolts of the circular formwork and disassemble the square filling formwork into four basic modules according to the nesting principle;

(7) According to the engineering calculation and the actual module placement mark, the modules are transported to the coal mining face, which requires more than two people to assemble; the vertical surfaces of the four basic modules are facing inward, and the square protrusions of the modules are nested with the square grooves of the adjacent modules for assembly. They are nested and connected to form a frame structure with a square filling cavity in the middle (as shown in Figure 3). After the assembly is completed, bolts are inserted for reinforcement. After checking the stability, pouring is prepared; the pouring area is shown in Figure 6.

(8) Casting shall be carried out according to the material ratio requirements of the project. Water vapor can be sprayed at the filling port of the square device before final setting to accelerate the solidification speed;

(9) After filling is completed, loosen the bolts and remove them, then dismantle the filling device, clean it, and recycle it.

Example 4

(1) In a certain project, because the construction site is located in a residential area, there is a large flow of people and vehicles, and the rock properties of the goaf are relatively complex, which causes great corrosion damage to the filling columns. The pre-cast circular filling columns cannot meet the requirements of fatigue resistance and stability of the filling columns. Therefore, it is necessary to cast some materials with higher strength and corrosion resistance on the basis of the existing circular filling columns. At the same time, the circular filling columns are cast into square filling columns for the second time, so that the filling columns are reinforced and the filling quality and support effect are improved.

(2) The actual size of the reinforcement filling body needs to be calculated according to the actual filling rate requirements of the project. For example, the original circular

The dimensions of the filling column are 1.5m in diameter and 3m in height. The basic module used in this project is 1.8m in width, 25cm in thickness and 3m in height. The circular filling cavity formed by four basic modules is 1.5m in diameter and 3m in height. The basic modules are reassembled to obtain a square filling cavity with dimensions of 1.55m*1.55m*3m, which is then cast for a second time into a 1.55m*1.55m*3m square filling column for reinforcement.

(3) According to the engineering calculation and the actual module placement mark, the mold is transported to the coal mining face, which requires more than two people to assemble; workers assemble the four basic modules with their vertical surfaces facing inward and the square protrusions of the modules nested in the square grooves of the adjacent modules around the pre-cast circular filling column, and connect them to form a frame structure with a square filling cavity in the middle (as shown in Figure 5). After the assembly is completed, bolts are inserted to reinforce it and the stability is checked before pouring; the pouring area is shown in Figure 7.

(4) Casting is carried out according to the material ratio requirements of the project. The filling port of the circular filling device can be sprayed with water vapor to accelerate the solidification speed before final setting;

(5) After filling is completed, loosen the bolts and remove them, then dismantle the filling device, clean it, and recycle it.

Claims (8)

1. The utility model provides a pouring filling device of convertible shape which characterized in that: the base module comprises four identical base modules, wherein the outer sides of the base modules are of cuboid structures, the inner sides of the base modules are of arc structures, the central angle corresponding to the arc of each module is 90 degrees, one end of each module is provided with a square lug, the other end of each module is provided with two square grooves with an opening exceeding the outer sides, and the square grooves of the base modules are matched with the square lugs of the adjacent base modules; and a pouring opening is formed in the center of the upper part of one of the four foundation modules and used for pouring filling materials.

2. The shape-changeable pouring and filling device according to claim 1, wherein: the material of the foundation modules is a wooden material, the sizes and the shapes of the four foundation modules are completely the same, the four foundation modules are used for splicing round or square filling column devices, the thickness is 20-25cm, the height is determined along with the mining height, and the width is determined according to the size of the filling column module; the four basic modules are respectively spliced with square grooves formed by adjacent modules through square bumps at the end parts, and the square filling device or the round filling device is obtained through the mutual splicing of different modules.

3. The shape-changeable pouring and filling device according to claim 2, wherein: the square filling device is characterized in that the vertical surfaces of four basic modules face inwards and are mutually nested and connected to form a frame structure with a square filling cavity in the middle, and filling body materials are poured into the square filling cavity in the middle through pouring openings; and pouring into square filling columns.

4. The shape-changeable pouring and filling device according to claim 2, wherein: the round filling device is characterized in that the circular arc surfaces of the four basic modules are inwards connected into a round frame structure with a round filling cavity in the middle through mutual nesting, and filling materials are poured into the round filling cavity in the middle through pouring openings to form round filling columns.

5. The shape-changeable pouring and filling device according to claim 2, wherein: the size of the square filling cavity formed by splicing four basic modules with the same size is larger than that of the round filling cavity formed by splicing the basic modules; according to actual engineering needs, the foundation module is continuously assembled into the square filling device on the basis of the original round filling column, and the existing round filling column can be subjected to secondary pouring reinforcement.

6. The shape-changeable pouring and filling device according to claim 1, wherein: the side wall of the square groove is provided with a bolt hole, and the bolt hole is used for inserting a bolt to strengthen the whole device during assembly, so that the internal force generated during filling is prevented from damaging the whole structure;

the width of the square protruding block is 5cm, the thickness is 5cm, bolt holes are respectively arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the square protruding block, the positions of the bolt holes in the square grooves of the adjacent foundation modules correspond to the positions of the bolt holes, and the foundation modules which are well connected are connected and combined together through the bolts.

7. A method of using the shape-changeable pouring and filling device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising the steps of:

(1) According to the actual engineering filling rate requirement, calculating the actual size of the filling body and the distance of each filling body;

(2) Selecting a reasonable basic template according to actual engineering requirements;

(3) According to engineering measurement and calculation and actual filling mould placement position punctuation, conveying a basic module to a coal face, and assembling by more than two persons;

(4) After the device is assembled, bolts are inserted into bolt holes of adjacent modules to strengthen the device after stability is checked;

(5) Pouring filling materials into a filling device through a pouring opening according to construction requirements;

(6) After construction is completed, the device is dismantled, bolts of the device are loosened and taken out, the device is disassembled into four basic modules, and the four basic modules are cleaned.

8. The method of using a reconfigurable casting and filling apparatus according to claim 7, wherein: in the step (3), if a square filling device is needed, the vertical surfaces of the four basic modules are inwards connected into a frame structure with square filling cavities in the middle through mutual nesting; if a circular filling device is needed, the circular arc surfaces of the four basic modules are inwards connected into a circular frame structure with a circular filling cavity in the middle through mutual nesting.