CN117960300A - Radioactive incineration ash pretreatment device and method suitable for cement solidification - Google Patents

Radioactive incineration ash pretreatment device and method suitable for cement solidification Download PDF

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Publication number
CN117960300A
CN117960300A CN202311792736.2A CN202311792736A CN117960300A CN 117960300 A CN117960300 A CN 117960300A CN 202311792736 A CN202311792736 A CN 202311792736A CN 117960300 A CN117960300 A CN 117960300A
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China
Prior art keywords
incineration ash
protective cover
radioactive
crusher
particle size
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CN202311792736.2A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
席亚慧
高超
韩旭
闫晓俊
郑博文
郭喜良
褚浩然
柳兆峰
王志伟
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China Institute for Radiation Protection
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China Institute for Radiation Protection
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Publication of CN117960300A publication Critical patent/CN117960300A/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C7/00—Crushing or disintegrating by disc mills
    • B02C7/02—Crushing or disintegrating by disc mills with coaxial discs
    • B02C7/06—Crushing or disintegrating by disc mills with coaxial discs with horizontal axis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C23/00—Auxiliary methods or auxiliary devices or accessories specially adapted for crushing or disintegrating not provided for in preceding groups or not specially adapted to apparatus covered by a single preceding group
    • B02C23/02—Feeding devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C23/00—Auxiliary methods or auxiliary devices or accessories specially adapted for crushing or disintegrating not provided for in preceding groups or not specially adapted to apparatus covered by a single preceding group
    • B02C23/04—Safety devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C7/00—Crushing or disintegrating by disc mills
    • B02C7/11—Details
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C7/00—Crushing or disintegrating by disc mills
    • B02C7/11—Details
    • B02C7/14—Adjusting, applying pressure to, or controlling distance between, discs
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
    • G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
    • G21F9/28—Treating solids
    • G21F9/30—Processing
    • G21F9/301—Processing by fixation in stable solid media
    • G21F9/302—Processing by fixation in stable solid media in an inorganic matrix
    • G21F9/304—Cement or cement-like matrix
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C2201/00—Codes relating to disintegrating devices adapted for specific materials
    • B02C2201/06—Codes relating to disintegrating devices adapted for specific materials for garbage, waste or sewage
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
    • Y02P40/10—Production of cement, e.g. improving or optimising the production methods; Cement grinding

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of radioactive waste treatment, and particularly relates to a radioactive incineration ash pretreatment device and method suitable for cement solidification, wherein the device comprises a crusher 12 arranged in a sealed first protective cover 13, and the crusher 12 is used for pretreating radioactive coarse incineration ash into fine incineration ash with a specified particle size range. The crusher 12 of the present invention is equipped with a crushing grain size adjuster, which can adjust the crushing grain size; the first protection cover 13 is connected with the nuclide absorber 9, and the induced draft fan 10 is connected behind the nuclide absorber 9 for keeping the crushing system in the first protection cover 13 in the micro negative pressure environment to cooperate with the first protection cover 13 for preventing the radionuclide from diffusing.

Description

一种适用于水泥固化的放射性焚烧灰预处理装置及方法A radioactive incineration ash pretreatment device and method suitable for cement solidification

技术领域Technical Field

本发明属于放射性废物处理技术领域，具体涉及一种适用于水泥固化的放射性焚烧灰预处理装置及方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of radioactive waste treatment, and in particular relates to a radioactive incineration ash pretreatment device and method suitable for cement solidification.

背景技术Background technique

核设施运行过程中都会产生大量的可燃废物，包括纤维类物质(如纸、棉织物、木材等)，塑料、橡胶类物质，离子交换树脂等，焚烧法是放射性可燃废物的传统处理方法，是可燃废物最好的减容措施，减容比可达到50-70。焚烧法处理放射性废物会产生放射性焚烧灰。目前运行的放射性废物焚烧炉产生的焚烧灰最大粒径可达10cm以上，不利于后续水泥固化处理，需要将焚烧灰预处理到指定粒径。A large amount of combustible waste is generated during the operation of nuclear facilities, including fiber materials (such as paper, cotton fabrics, wood, etc.), plastics, rubber materials, ion exchange resins, etc. Incineration is the traditional method for treating radioactive combustible waste and the best volume reduction measure for combustible waste, with a volume reduction ratio of 50-70. Incineration of radioactive waste will produce radioactive incineration ash. The maximum particle size of the incineration ash produced by the currently operating radioactive waste incinerator can reach more than 10 cm, which is not conducive to the subsequent cement solidification treatment. The incineration ash needs to be pretreated to a specified particle size.

发明内容Summary of the invention

本发明旨在提供一种装置，能够将放射性焚烧灰预处理到指定粒径范围，便于后续水泥固化处理和最终处置并防止放射性核素扩散。The present invention aims to provide a device capable of pre-processing radioactive incineration ash into a specified particle size range, facilitating subsequent cement solidification treatment and final disposal and preventing the proliferation of radioactive nuclides.

为达到以上目的，本发明采用的技术方案是一种适用于水泥固化的放射性焚烧灰预处理装置，其中，包括设置在密封的第一防护罩内的破碎机，所述破碎机用于将放射性的粗颗粒焚烧灰预处理为指定的粒径范围的细颗粒焚烧灰，所述第一防护罩用于防止放射性核素扩散。To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is a radioactive incineration ash pretreatment device suitable for cement solidification, which includes a crusher arranged in a sealed first protective cover, the crusher is used to pretreat radioactive coarse-grained incineration ash into fine-grained incineration ash within a specified particle size range, and the first protective cover is used to prevent the diffusion of radioactive nuclides.

进一步，所述破碎机配备有破碎粒径调节器，通过调节所述破碎粒径调节器的磨片间距实现对所述细颗粒焚烧灰的粒径的调整。Furthermore, the crusher is equipped with a crushing particle size regulator, and the particle size of the fine particle incineration ash is adjusted by adjusting the grinding plate spacing of the crushing particle size regulator.

进一步，还包括进料管，所述进料管的尾端连接所述破碎机，所述进料管的顶端延伸到所述第一防护罩的顶部之外，用于将所述焚烧灰输入至所述破碎机中。Furthermore, it also includes a feed pipe, the tail end of which is connected to the crusher, and the top end of which extends beyond the top of the first protective cover, for inputting the incineration ash into the crusher.

进一步，在所述进料管的顶端设置进料口，用于所述焚烧灰向所述进料管的输入；所述进料口为漏斗型结构，小口径一端与所述进料管的顶端连接；所述进料口为不锈钢材质，便于去污。Furthermore, a feed port is provided at the top of the feed pipe for inputting the incineration ash into the feed pipe; the feed port is a funnel-shaped structure, and a small-diameter end is connected to the top of the feed pipe; the feed port is made of stainless steel for easy decontamination.

进一步，在所述进料口与所述进料管的顶端之间，还设有插板阀，通过打开或关闭所述插板阀，实现所述进料口与所述进料管的连通或断开。Furthermore, a gate valve is provided between the feed port and the top end of the feed pipe, and the feed port and the feed pipe are connected or disconnected by opening or closing the gate valve.

进一步，在所述破碎机上还设有出料管，用于排出被所述破碎机处理后的所述细颗粒焚烧灰，所述出料管位于所述第一防护罩内。Furthermore, a discharge pipe is provided on the crusher for discharging the fine particles of incineration ash processed by the crusher, and the discharge pipe is located in the first protective cover.

进一步，还包括输送皮带，所述输送皮带设置在所述出料管的底端出口下方，所述出料管排出的所述细颗粒焚烧灰通过所述输送皮带输送至所述第一防护罩之外，用于后续的其他处理工段；所述输送皮带的一部分位于所述第一防护罩之内，另一部分延伸到所述第一防护罩之外。Furthermore, it also includes a conveyor belt, which is arranged below the bottom outlet of the discharge pipe. The fine particle incineration ash discharged from the discharge pipe is transported to the outside of the first protective cover by the conveyor belt for subsequent other processing sections; a part of the conveyor belt is located inside the first protective cover, and the other part extends outside the first protective cover.

进一步，所述输送皮带设置在密封的第二防护罩内，所述第二防护罩用于防止放射性核素扩散，预处理后的所述细颗粒焚烧灰通过输送皮带输送至暂存桶；所述暂存桶与所述第二防护罩之间为密封连接，防止放射性核素扩散；所述第一防护罩和所述第二防护罩的材质采用金属、塑料或橡胶。Furthermore, the conveyor belt is arranged in a sealed second protective cover, and the second protective cover is used to prevent the diffusion of radioactive nuclides. The pretreated fine particle incineration ash is transported to the temporary storage barrel through the conveyor belt; the temporary storage barrel and the second protective cover are sealed to prevent the diffusion of radioactive nuclides; the first protective cover and the second protective cover are made of metal, plastic or rubber.

进一步，所述出料管与所述第二防护罩之间密封连接，从而在排出所述细颗粒焚烧灰到所述输送皮带的过程中，防止放射性核素扩散。Furthermore, the discharge pipe is sealedly connected to the second protective cover, so as to prevent the diffusion of radioactive nuclides during the process of discharging the fine particle incineration ash to the conveyor belt.

进一步，在所述破碎机上设有粒径调节旋钮，所述粒径调节旋钮用于调整所述破碎粒径调节器，通过调节粒径调节旋钮实现对所述破碎粒径调节器的磨片间距的调整，从而实现对所述细颗粒焚烧灰的粒径的调整；所述破碎机处理后的所述细颗粒焚烧灰的粒径范围为≤5mm。Furthermore, a particle size adjustment knob is provided on the crusher, and the particle size adjustment knob is used to adjust the crushing particle size regulator. By adjusting the particle size adjustment knob, the grinding plate spacing of the crushing particle size regulator is adjusted, thereby adjusting the particle size of the fine particle incineration ash; the particle size range of the fine particle incineration ash after being processed by the crusher is ≤5mm.

进一步，在所述第一防护罩上设有旋钮操作门，打开所述旋钮操作门能够让操作人员手动调节所述粒径调节旋钮。Furthermore, a knob operation door is provided on the first protective cover, and opening the knob operation door enables an operator to manually adjust the particle size adjustment knob.

进一步，还包括所述电机，所述电机与所述破碎机相连，用于为所述破碎机提供动力，所述电机位于所述第一防护罩内。Furthermore, it also includes the motor, which is connected to the crusher and is used to provide power for the crusher, and the motor is located in the first protective cover.

进一步，还包括支架，所述电机设置在所述支架上，所述支架位于所述第一防护罩内。Furthermore, it also includes a bracket, the motor is arranged on the bracket, and the bracket is located in the first protective cover.

进一步，还包括核素吸附器，所述核素吸附器位于所述第一防护罩之外，通过第一管道与所述第一防护罩连通，所述核素吸附器用于对由所述第一防护罩内排出的气体进行过滤，吸附其中的放射性核素。Furthermore, it also includes a nuclide adsorber, which is located outside the first protective cover and connected to the first protective cover through a first pipe. The nuclide adsorber is used to filter the gas exhausted from the first protective cover and adsorb the radioactive nuclides therein.

进一步，还包括引风机，所述引风机位于所述第一防护罩之外，通过第二管道与所述核素吸附器连通，用于为所述第一防护罩内部提供负压，防止所述第一防护罩内部的放射性核素扩散；所述第一防护罩内的气体在所述引风机的作用下，通过所述第一管道进入所述核素吸附器被过滤吸附后处理成能够排放的尾气，随后所述尾气继续通过所述第二管道和所述引风机被排放到外部环境中。Furthermore, it also includes an induced draft fan, which is located outside the first protective cover and is connected to the nuclide adsorber through a second pipe, and is used to provide negative pressure to the inside of the first protective cover to prevent the diffusion of radioactive nuclides inside the first protective cover; under the action of the induced draft fan, the gas in the first protective cover enters the nuclide adsorber through the first pipe, is filtered and adsorbed, and is processed into exhaust gas that can be discharged, and then the exhaust gas continues to be discharged to the external environment through the second pipe and the induced draft fan.

进一步，在所述出料管的底端出口上设有能够更换的出料筛网，用于对所述细颗粒焚烧灰做进一步筛选；所述出料筛网根据孔径分为多个，根据对所述颗粒的粒径需要使用相对应孔径的所述出料筛网。Furthermore, a replaceable discharge screen is provided at the bottom outlet of the discharge pipe for further screening the fine particle incineration ash; the discharge screen is divided into multiple types according to the aperture, and the discharge screen with the corresponding aperture is used according to the particle size of the particles.

为达到以上目的，本发明还提供了用于如上所述的一种适用于水泥固化的放射性焚烧灰预处理装置的一种适用于水泥固化的放射性焚烧灰预处理方法，包括如下步骤：To achieve the above object, the present invention also provides a radioactive incineration ash pretreatment method suitable for cement solidification for use in the radioactive incineration ash pretreatment device suitable for cement solidification as described above, comprising the following steps:

步骤S1，调整出料粒度：打开所述第一防护罩上的所述旋钮操作门，调整所述粒径调节旋钮至指定值，关闭所述旋钮操作门；Step S1, adjusting the discharging particle size: opening the knob operation door on the first protective cover, adjusting the particle size adjustment knob to a specified value, and closing the knob operation door;

步骤S2，启动电源：打开总电源，启动所述引风机、所述破碎机和所述输送皮带；Step S2, starting the power supply: turning on the main power supply, and starting the induced draft fan, the crusher and the conveyor belt;

步骤S3，加料：打开所述插板阀，向所述进料口加入所述粗颗粒焚烧灰；Step S3, adding material: opening the gate valve and adding the coarse particle incineration ash to the feed inlet;

步骤S4，破碎完成：关闭所述插板阀，待所述出料管无物料流出时关闭所述破碎机、所述输送皮带和所述引风机，断开总电源。Step S4, crushing is completed: close the gate valve, and when no material flows out of the discharge pipe, turn off the crusher, the conveyor belt and the induced draft fan, and disconnect the main power supply.

进一步，在所述步骤S4之后还包括步骤S5，拆卸所述暂存罐与所述第二防护罩的连接。Furthermore, after step S4, the method further includes step S5 of disassembling the connection between the temporary storage tank and the second protective cover.

本发明的有益效果在于：The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

1.倒锥形的进料口6，便于物料添加；1. The inverted cone-shaped feed port 6 is convenient for adding materials;

2.配备有破碎粒径调节器，可以调整破碎粒径；2. Equipped with a crushing particle size regulator to adjust the crushing particle size;

3.破碎机12和输送皮带1配备防护罩，可以防止放射性核素扩散；3. The crusher 12 and the conveyor belt 1 are equipped with protective covers to prevent the spread of radioactive nuclides;

4.第一防护罩13连接核素吸附器9，用于吸附第一防护罩13内的放射性核素；4. The first protective cover 13 is connected to the nuclide adsorber 9, which is used to adsorb the radioactive nuclides in the first protective cover 13;

5.核素吸附器9后连接引风机10，用于保持第一防护罩13内破碎系统处于微负压环境，防止放射性核素扩散。5. The nuclide adsorber 9 is connected to an induced draft fan 10 to keep the crushing system in the first protective cover 13 in a slightly negative pressure environment to prevent the spread of radioactive nuclides.

附图说明BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

图1是本发明具体实施方式中所述的一种适用于水泥固化的放射性焚烧灰预处理装置的示意图；FIG1 is a schematic diagram of a radioactive incineration ash pretreatment device suitable for cement solidification according to a specific embodiment of the present invention;

图中：1-输送皮带，2-出料管，3-旋钮操作门，4-粒径调节旋钮，5-插板阀，6-进料口，7-电机，8-支架，9-核素吸附器，10-引风机，11-进料管，12-破碎机，13-第一防护罩，14-第二防护罩，15-第一管道，16-第二管道。In the figure: 1- conveyor belt, 2- discharge pipe, 3- knob operation door, 4- particle size adjustment knob, 5- gate valve, 6- feed port, 7- motor, 8- bracket, 9- nuclide adsorber, 10- induced draft fan, 11- feed pipe, 12- crusher, 13- first protective cover, 14- second protective cover, 15- first pipeline, 16- second pipeline.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步描述。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

本发明提供的一种适用于水泥固化的放射性焚烧灰预处理装置(见图1)，其中，包括设置在密封的第一防护罩13内的破碎机12，破碎机12用于将放射性的粗颗粒焚烧灰预处理为指定的粒径范围的细颗粒焚烧灰，第一防护罩13用于防止放射性核素扩散。The present invention provides a radioactive incineration ash pretreatment device suitable for cement solidification (see Figure 1), which includes a crusher 12 arranged in a sealed first protective cover 13, and the crusher 12 is used to pretreatment radioactive coarse-grained incineration ash into fine-grained incineration ash within a specified particle size range. The first protective cover 13 is used to prevent the diffusion of radioactive nuclides.

破碎机12配备有破碎粒径调节器，通过调节破碎粒径调节器的磨片间距实现对细颗粒焚烧灰的粒径的调整。The crusher 12 is equipped with a crushing particle size regulator, and the particle size of the fine particle incineration ash is adjusted by adjusting the grinding plate spacing of the crushing particle size regulator.

还包括进料管11，进料管11的尾端连接破碎机12，进料管11的顶端延伸到第一防护罩13的顶部之外，用于将焚烧灰输入至破碎机12中。It also includes a feed pipe 11 , the tail end of which is connected to a crusher 12 , and the top of the feed pipe 11 extends beyond the top of the first protective cover 13 , so as to input the incineration ash into the crusher 12 .

在进料管11的顶端设置进料口6，用于焚烧灰向进料管11的输入；进料口6为漏斗型结构(即倒锥形)，小口径一端与进料管11的顶端连接，便于焚烧灰的添加；进料口6为不锈钢材质，便于去污。A feed port 6 is provided at the top of the feed pipe 11 for inputting the incineration ash into the feed pipe 11; the feed port 6 is a funnel-shaped structure (i.e., an inverted cone), and one end with a small diameter is connected to the top of the feed pipe 11 to facilitate the addition of incineration ash; the feed port 6 is made of stainless steel to facilitate decontamination.

在进料口6与进料管11的顶端之间，还设有插板阀5，通过打开或关闭插板阀5，实现进料口6与进料管11的连通或断开。A gate valve 5 is provided between the feed port 6 and the top end of the feed pipe 11 . The feed port 6 and the feed pipe 11 are connected or disconnected by opening or closing the gate valve 5 .

在破碎机12上还设有出料管2，用于排出被破碎机12处理后的细颗粒焚烧灰，出料管2位于第一防护罩13内。The crusher 12 is also provided with a discharge pipe 2 for discharging the fine particles of incineration ash processed by the crusher 12 . The discharge pipe 2 is located in the first protective cover 13 .

还包括输送皮带1，输送皮带1设置在出料管2的底端出口下方，出料管2排出的细颗粒焚烧灰通过输送皮带1输送至第一防护罩13之外，用于后续的其他处理工段；输送皮带1的一部分位于第一防护罩13之内，另一部分延伸到第一防护罩13之外。It also includes a conveyor belt 1, which is arranged below the bottom outlet of the discharge pipe 2. The fine particle incineration ash discharged from the discharge pipe 2 is transported to the outside of the first protective cover 13 through the conveyor belt 1 for subsequent other processing sections; a part of the conveyor belt 1 is located inside the first protective cover 13, and the other part extends outside the first protective cover 13.

输送皮带1设置在密封的第二防护罩14内，第二防护罩14用于防止放射性核素扩散，预处理后的细颗粒焚烧灰通过输送皮带1输送至暂存桶；暂存桶与第二防护罩14之间为密封连接，防止放射性核素扩散；第一防护罩13和第二防护罩14的材质采用各种金属材料、塑料或橡胶。The conveyor belt 1 is arranged in a sealed second protective cover 14, which is used to prevent the diffusion of radioactive nuclides. The pretreated fine-grained incineration ash is transported to the temporary storage barrel through the conveyor belt 1; the temporary storage barrel and the second protective cover 14 are sealed to prevent the diffusion of radioactive nuclides; the first protective cover 13 and the second protective cover 14 are made of various metal materials, plastics or rubber.

出料管2与第二防护罩14之间密封连接，从而在排出细颗粒焚烧灰到输送皮带1的过程中，防止放射性核素扩散。The discharge pipe 2 is sealedly connected to the second protective cover 14 , so as to prevent the diffusion of radioactive nuclides during the process of discharging fine particles of incineration ash to the conveyor belt 1 .

在破碎机12上设有粒径调节旋钮4，粒径调节旋钮4用于调整破碎粒径调节器，通过调节粒径调节旋钮4实现对破碎粒径调节器的磨片间距的调整，从而实现对细颗粒焚烧灰的粒径的调整；破碎机12处理后的细颗粒焚烧灰的粒径范围为≤5mm(被处理前的粗颗粒焚烧灰的粒径范围为≤100mm)。A particle size adjustment knob 4 is provided on the crusher 12, and the particle size adjustment knob 4 is used to adjust the crushing particle size regulator. By adjusting the particle size adjustment knob 4, the grinding plate spacing of the crushing particle size regulator is adjusted, thereby adjusting the particle size of the fine particle incineration ash; the particle size range of the fine particle incineration ash processed by the crusher 12 is ≤5mm (the particle size range of the coarse particle incineration ash before processing is ≤100mm).

在第一防护罩13上设有旋钮操作门3，打开旋钮操作门3能够让操作人员手动调节粒径调节旋钮4。A knob operation door 3 is provided on the first protective cover 13 , and opening the knob operation door 3 allows an operator to manually adjust the particle size adjustment knob 4 .

还包括电机7，电机7与破碎机12相连，用于为破碎机12提供动力，电机7位于第一防护罩13内。The device further comprises a motor 7 , which is connected to the crusher 12 and is used to provide power for the crusher 12 . The motor 7 is located in the first protective cover 13 .

还包括支架8，电机7设置在支架8上，支架8位于第一防护罩13内。The device further comprises a bracket 8 , on which the motor 7 is arranged, and the bracket 8 is located in the first protective cover 13 .

还包括核素吸附器9，核素吸附器9位于第一防护罩13之外，通过第一管道15与第一防护罩13连通，核素吸附器9用于对由第一防护罩13内排出的气体进行过滤，吸附其中的放射性核素；核素吸附器9是任意一种具有吸附放射性核素效果的成品或自行设计的结构。It also includes a nuclide adsorber 9, which is located outside the first protective cover 13 and is connected to the first protective cover 13 through a first pipe 15. The nuclide adsorber 9 is used to filter the gas exhausted from the first protective cover 13 and adsorb the radioactive nuclides therein; the nuclide adsorber 9 is any finished product or self-designed structure that has the effect of adsorbing radioactive nuclides.

还包括引风机10，引风机10位于第一防护罩13之外，通过第二管道16与核素吸附器9连通，用于为第一防护罩13内部提供负压(保持破碎系统微负压)，防止第一防护罩13内部的放射性核素扩散；第一防护罩13内的气体在引风机10的作用下，通过第一管道15进入核素吸附器9被过滤吸附后处理成能够排放的尾气，随后尾气继续通过第二管道16和引风机10被排放到外部环境中；引风机10是任意一种能够产生入口负压的风机。It also includes an induced draft fan 10, which is located outside the first protective cover 13 and is connected to the nuclide adsorber 9 through a second pipe 16, and is used to provide negative pressure inside the first protective cover 13 (maintain a slight negative pressure in the crushing system) to prevent the diffusion of radioactive nuclides inside the first protective cover 13; under the action of the induced draft fan 10, the gas in the first protective cover 13 enters the nuclide adsorber 9 through the first pipe 15, is filtered and adsorbed, and is processed into exhaust gas that can be discharged, and then the exhaust gas continues to be discharged into the external environment through the second pipe 16 and the induced draft fan 10; the induced draft fan 10 is any fan that can generate an inlet negative pressure.

在出料管2的底端出口上设有能够更换的出料筛网，用于对细颗粒焚烧灰做进一步筛选；出料筛网根据孔径分为多个，根据对颗粒的粒径需要使用相对应孔径的出料筛网。A replaceable discharge screen is provided at the bottom outlet of the discharge pipe 2 for further screening the fine particles of incineration ash; the discharge screen is divided into multiple types according to the aperture, and the discharge screen with the corresponding aperture is used according to the particle size requirements.

本发明还提供了用于如上所述的一种适用于水泥固化的放射性焚烧灰预处理装置的一种适用于水泥固化的放射性焚烧灰预处理方法，包括如下步骤：The present invention also provides a method for pretreating radioactive incineration ash suitable for cement solidification for use in the radioactive incineration ash pretreating device suitable for cement solidification as described above, comprising the following steps:

步骤S1，调整出料粒度：打开第一防护罩13上的旋钮操作门3，调整粒径调节旋钮4至指定值(如0.5mm)，关闭旋钮操作门3；Step S1, adjusting the discharge particle size: open the knob operation door 3 on the first protective cover 13, adjust the particle size adjustment knob 4 to a specified value (such as 0.5 mm), and close the knob operation door 3;

步骤S2，启动电源：打开总电源，启动引风机10、破碎机12和输送皮带1；Step S2, start the power supply: turn on the main power supply, start the induced draft fan 10, the crusher 12 and the conveyor belt 1;

步骤S3，加料：打开插板阀5，向进料口6加入粗颗粒焚烧灰；Step S3, adding material: opening the gate valve 5, adding coarse particles of incineration ash to the feed inlet 6;

步骤S4，破碎完成：关闭插板阀5，待出料管2无物料流出时关闭破碎机12、输送皮带1和引风机10，断开总电源。Step S4, crushing is completed: close the gate valve 5, and when no material flows out of the discharge pipe 2, turn off the crusher 12, the conveyor belt 1 and the induced draft fan 10, and disconnect the main power supply.

步骤S5，拆卸暂存罐与第二防护罩14的连接。Step S5, dismantling the connection between the temporary storage tank and the second protective cover 14.

本发明所述的装置并不限于具体实施方式中所述的实施例，本领域技术人员根据本发明的技术方案得出其他的实施方式，同样属于本发明的技术创新范围。The device described in the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described in the specific implementation manner. Those skilled in the art may derive other implementation manners based on the technical solution of the present invention, which also fall within the technical innovation scope of the present invention.

Claims (18)

1.一种适用于水泥固化的放射性焚烧灰预处理装置，其特征是：包括设置在密封的第一防护罩(13)内的破碎机(12)，所述破碎机(12)用于将放射性的粗颗粒焚烧灰预处理为指定的粒径范围的细颗粒焚烧灰，所述第一防护罩(13)用于防止放射性核素扩散。1. A radioactive incineration ash pretreatment device suitable for cement solidification, characterized in that it comprises a crusher (12) arranged in a sealed first protective cover (13), the crusher (12) is used to pretreatment radioactive coarse-grained incineration ash into fine-grained incineration ash within a specified particle size range, and the first protective cover (13) is used to prevent the diffusion of radioactive nuclides. 2.如权利要求1所述的一种适用于水泥固化的放射性焚烧灰预处理装置，其特征是：所述破碎机(12)配备有破碎粒径调节器，通过调节所述破碎粒径调节器的磨片间距实现对所述细颗粒焚烧灰的粒径的调整。2. A radioactive incineration ash pretreatment device suitable for cement solidification as described in claim 1, characterized in that: the crusher (12) is equipped with a crushing particle size regulator, and the particle size of the fine particle incineration ash is adjusted by adjusting the grinding plate spacing of the crushing particle size regulator. 3.如权利要求2所述的一种适用于水泥固化的放射性焚烧灰预处理装置，其特征是：还包括进料管(11)，所述进料管(11)的尾端连接所述破碎机(12)，所述进料管(11)的顶端延伸到所述第一防护罩(13)的顶部之外，用于将所述焚烧灰输入至所述破碎机(12)中。3. A radioactive incineration ash pretreatment device suitable for cement solidification as described in claim 2, characterized in that it also includes a feed pipe (11), the tail end of the feed pipe (11) is connected to the crusher (12), and the top end of the feed pipe (11) extends outside the top of the first protective cover (13) for inputting the incineration ash into the crusher (12). 4.如权利要求3所述的一种适用于水泥固化的放射性焚烧灰预处理装置，其特征是：在所述进料管(11)的顶端设置进料口(6)，用于所述焚烧灰向所述进料管(11)的输入；所述进料口(6)为漏斗型结构，小口径一端与所述进料管(11)的顶端连接；所述进料口(6)为不锈钢材质，便于去污。4. A radioactive incineration ash pretreatment device suitable for cement solidification as described in claim 3, characterized in that: a feed port (6) is arranged at the top end of the feed pipe (11) for inputting the incineration ash into the feed pipe (11); the feed port (6) is a funnel-shaped structure, and a small-diameter end is connected to the top end of the feed pipe (11); the feed port (6) is made of stainless steel to facilitate decontamination. 5.如权利要求4所述的一种适用于水泥固化的放射性焚烧灰预处理装置，其特征是：在所述进料口(6)与所述进料管(11)的顶端之间，还设有插板阀(5)，通过打开或关闭所述插板阀(5)，实现所述进料口(6)与所述进料管(11)的连通或断开。5. A radioactive incineration ash pretreatment device suitable for cement solidification as described in claim 4, characterized in that: a gate valve (5) is further provided between the feed port (6) and the top end of the feed pipe (11), and the feed port (6) and the feed pipe (11) are connected or disconnected by opening or closing the gate valve (5). 6.如权利要求5所述的一种适用于水泥固化的放射性焚烧灰预处理装置，其特征是：在所述破碎机(12)上还设有出料管(2)，用于排出被所述破碎机(12)处理后的所述细颗粒焚烧灰，所述出料管(2)位于所述第一防护罩(13)内。6. A radioactive incineration ash pretreatment device suitable for cement solidification as described in claim 5, characterized in that: a discharge pipe (2) is also provided on the crusher (12) for discharging the fine particle incineration ash processed by the crusher (12), and the discharge pipe (2) is located in the first protective cover (13). 7.如权利要求6所述的一种适用于水泥固化的放射性焚烧灰预处理装置，其特征是：还包括输送皮带(1)，所述输送皮带(1)设置在所述出料管(2)的底端出口下方，所述出料管(2)排出的所述细颗粒焚烧灰通过所述输送皮带(1)输送至所述第一防护罩(13)之外，用于后续的其他处理工段；所述输送皮带(1)的一部分位于所述第一防护罩(13)之内，另一部分延伸到所述第一防护罩(13)之外。7. A radioactive incineration ash pretreatment device suitable for cement solidification as described in claim 6, characterized in that: it also includes a conveyor belt (1), the conveyor belt (1) is arranged below the bottom end outlet of the discharge pipe (2), and the fine particle incineration ash discharged from the discharge pipe (2) is transported to the outside of the first protective cover (13) through the conveyor belt (1) for subsequent other processing sections; a part of the conveyor belt (1) is located inside the first protective cover (13), and the other part extends outside the first protective cover (13). 8.如权利要求7所述的一种适用于水泥固化的放射性焚烧灰预处理装置，其特征是：所述输送皮带(1)设置在密封的第二防护罩(14)内，所述第二防护罩(14)用于防止放射性核素扩散，预处理后的所述细颗粒焚烧灰通过输送皮带(1)输送至暂存桶；所述暂存桶与所述第二防护罩(14)之间为密封连接，防止放射性核素扩散；所述第一防护罩(13)和所述第二防护罩(14)的材质采用金属、塑料或橡胶。8. A radioactive incineration ash pretreatment device suitable for cement solidification as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that: the conveyor belt (1) is arranged in a sealed second protective cover (14), the second protective cover (14) is used to prevent the diffusion of radioactive nuclides, and the pretreated fine particle incineration ash is conveyed to a temporary storage bucket through the conveyor belt (1); the temporary storage bucket and the second protective cover (14) are sealed to prevent the diffusion of radioactive nuclides; the first protective cover (13) and the second protective cover (14) are made of metal, plastic or rubber. 9.如权利要求8所述的一种适用于水泥固化的放射性焚烧灰预处理装置，其特征是：所述出料管(2)与所述第二防护罩(14)之间密封连接，从而在排出所述细颗粒焚烧灰到所述输送皮带(1)的过程中，防止放射性核素扩散。9. A radioactive incineration ash pretreatment device suitable for cement solidification as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that: the discharge pipe (2) and the second protective cover (14) are sealedly connected to prevent the diffusion of radioactive nuclides during the process of discharging the fine particle incineration ash to the conveyor belt (1). 10.如权利要求9所述的一种适用于水泥固化的放射性焚烧灰预处理装置，其特征是：在所述破碎机(12)上设有粒径调节旋钮(4)，所述粒径调节旋钮(4)用于调整所述破碎粒径调节器，通过调节粒径调节旋钮(4)实现对所述破碎粒径调节器的磨片间距的调整，从而实现对所述细颗粒焚烧灰的粒径的调整；所述破碎机(12)处理后的所述细颗粒焚烧灰的粒径范围为≤5mm。10. A radioactive incineration ash pretreatment device suitable for cement solidification as claimed in claim 9, characterized in that: a particle size adjustment knob (4) is provided on the crusher (12), and the particle size adjustment knob (4) is used to adjust the crushing particle size regulator, and the grinding plate spacing of the crushing particle size regulator is adjusted by adjusting the particle size adjustment knob (4), thereby adjusting the particle size of the fine particle incineration ash; the particle size range of the fine particle incineration ash after being processed by the crusher (12) is ≤5mm. 11.如权利要求10所述的一种适用于水泥固化的放射性焚烧灰预处理装置，其特征是：在所述第一防护罩(13)上设有旋钮操作门(3)，打开所述旋钮操作门(3)能够让操作人员手动调节所述粒径调节旋钮(4)。11. A radioactive incineration ash pretreatment device suitable for cement solidification as claimed in claim 10, characterized in that: a knob operation door (3) is provided on the first protective cover (13), and opening the knob operation door (3) allows an operator to manually adjust the particle size adjustment knob (4). 12.如权利要求11所述的一种适用于水泥固化的放射性焚烧灰预处理装置，其特征是：还包括所述电机(7)，所述电机(7)与所述破碎机(12)相连，用于为所述破碎机(12)提供动力，所述电机(7)位于所述第一防护罩(13)内。12. A radioactive incineration ash pretreatment device suitable for cement solidification as claimed in claim 11, characterized in that: it also includes the motor (7), the motor (7) is connected to the crusher (12) and is used to provide power for the crusher (12), and the motor (7) is located in the first protective cover (13). 13.如权利要求12所述的一种适用于水泥固化的放射性焚烧灰预处理装置，其特征是：还包括支架(8)，所述电机(7)设置在所述支架(8)上，所述支架(8)位于所述第一防护罩(13)内。13. A radioactive incineration ash pretreatment device suitable for cement solidification according to claim 12, characterized in that it also includes a bracket (8), the motor (7) is arranged on the bracket (8), and the bracket (8) is located in the first protective cover (13). 14.如权利要求13所述的一种适用于水泥固化的放射性焚烧灰预处理装置，其特征是：还包括核素吸附器(9)，所述核素吸附器(9)位于所述第一防护罩(13)之外，通过第一管道(15)与所述第一防护罩(13)连通，所述核素吸附器(9)用于对由所述第一防护罩(13)内排出的气体进行过滤，吸附其中的放射性核素。14. A radioactive incineration ash pretreatment device suitable for cement solidification as claimed in claim 13, characterized in that it also includes a nuclide adsorber (9), wherein the nuclide adsorber (9) is located outside the first protective cover (13) and is connected to the first protective cover (13) through a first pipe (15), and the nuclide adsorber (9) is used to filter the gas exhausted from the first protective cover (13) and adsorb the radioactive nuclides therein. 15.如权利要求14所述的一种适用于水泥固化的放射性焚烧灰预处理装置，其特征是：还包括引风机(10)，所述引风机(10)位于所述第一防护罩(13)之外，通过第二管道(16)与所述核素吸附器(9)连通，用于为所述第一防护罩(13)内部提供负压，防止所述第一防护罩(13)内部的放射性核素扩散；所述第一防护罩(13)内的气体在所述引风机(10)的作用下，通过所述第一管道(15)进入所述核素吸附器(9)被过滤吸附后处理成能够排放的尾气，随后所述尾气继续通过所述第二管道(16)和所述引风机(10)被排放到外部环境中。15. A radioactive incineration ash pretreatment device suitable for cement solidification as claimed in claim 14, characterized in that: it also includes an induced draft fan (10), the induced draft fan (10) is located outside the first protective cover (13), and is connected to the nuclide adsorber (9) through a second pipe (16), and is used to provide negative pressure for the inside of the first protective cover (13) to prevent the diffusion of radioactive nuclides inside the first protective cover (13); under the action of the induced draft fan (10), the gas in the first protective cover (13) enters the nuclide adsorber (9) through the first pipe (15) to be filtered and adsorbed, and then processed into exhaust gas that can be discharged, and then the exhaust gas continues to be discharged to the external environment through the second pipe (16) and the induced draft fan (10). 16.如权利要求15所述的一种适用于水泥固化的放射性焚烧灰预处理装置，其特征是：在所述出料管(2)的底端出口上设有能够更换的出料筛网，用于对所述细颗粒焚烧灰做进一步筛选；所述出料筛网根据孔径分为多个，根据对所述颗粒的粒径需要使用相对应孔径的所述出料筛网。16. A radioactive incineration ash pretreatment device suitable for cement solidification as claimed in claim 15, characterized in that: a replaceable discharge screen is provided at the bottom outlet of the discharge pipe (2) for further screening the fine particle incineration ash; the discharge screen is divided into multiple types according to the aperture, and the discharge screen with the corresponding aperture is used according to the particle size of the particles. 17.用于如权利要求16所述的一种适用于水泥固化的放射性焚烧灰预处理装置的一种适用于水泥固化的放射性焚烧灰预处理方法，包括如下步骤：17. A method for pretreating radioactive incineration ash suitable for cement solidification used in the radioactive incineration ash pretreating device suitable for cement solidification as claimed in claim 16, comprising the following steps: 步骤S1，调整出料粒度：打开所述第一防护罩(13)上的所述旋钮操作门(3)，调整所述粒径调节旋钮(4)至指定值，关闭所述旋钮操作门(3)；Step S1, adjusting the discharge particle size: opening the knob-operated door (3) on the first protective cover (13), adjusting the particle size adjustment knob (4) to a specified value, and closing the knob-operated door (3); 步骤S2，启动电源：打开总电源，启动所述引风机(10)、所述破碎机(12)和所述输送皮带(1)；Step S2, starting the power supply: turning on the main power supply, and starting the induced draft fan (10), the crusher (12) and the conveyor belt (1); 步骤S3，加料：打开所述插板阀(5)，向所述进料口(6)加入所述粗颗粒焚烧灰；Step S3, adding material: opening the gate valve (5) and adding the coarse particle incineration ash to the feed inlet (6); 步骤S4，破碎完成：关闭所述插板阀(5)，待所述出料管(2)无物料流出时关闭所述破碎机(12)、所述输送皮带(1)和所述引风机(10)，断开总电源。Step S4, crushing is completed: the gate valve (5) is closed, and when no material flows out of the discharge pipe (2), the crusher (12), the conveyor belt (1) and the induced draft fan (10) are closed, and the main power supply is disconnected. 18.如权利要求17所述的一种适用于水泥固化的放射性焚烧灰预处理装置，其特征是：在所述步骤S4之后还包括步骤S5，拆卸所述暂存罐与所述第二防护罩(14)的连接。18. A radioactive incineration ash pretreatment device suitable for cement solidification according to claim 17, characterized in that: after said step S4, it also includes a step S5 of dismantling the connection between said temporary storage tank and said second protective cover (14).
CN202311792736.2A 2023-12-25 2023-12-25 Radioactive incineration ash pretreatment device and method suitable for cement solidification Pending CN117960300A (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110186052A (en) * 2019-05-13 2019-08-30 江苏天楹环保能源成套设备有限公司 Cool waste gasification and melting processing system and its method in movable small
CN110420737A (en) * 2019-08-14 2019-11-08 中国工程物理研究院材料研究所 A kind of broken pretreatment unit of radioactive incineration ash
CN210303999U (en) * 2019-12-03 2020-04-14 四川远方高新装备零部件股份有限公司 Experimental sample machine device for preprocessing radioactive incineration ash
CN214809861U (en) * 2021-05-17 2021-11-23 广州市甲骨文环境科技股份有限公司 Radioactive gas emission protection device
CN117275783A (en) * 2023-09-11 2023-12-22 中核核电运行管理有限公司 Radioactive molecular sieve breaker

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110186052A (en) * 2019-05-13 2019-08-30 江苏天楹环保能源成套设备有限公司 Cool waste gasification and melting processing system and its method in movable small
CN110420737A (en) * 2019-08-14 2019-11-08 中国工程物理研究院材料研究所 A kind of broken pretreatment unit of radioactive incineration ash
CN210303999U (en) * 2019-12-03 2020-04-14 四川远方高新装备零部件股份有限公司 Experimental sample machine device for preprocessing radioactive incineration ash
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