CN117941582A - A method for cultivating passion fruit in a simple rain-proof greenhouse and interplanting corn - Google Patents
A method for cultivating passion fruit in a simple rain-proof greenhouse and interplanting corn Download PDFInfo
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- CN117941582A CN117941582A CN202410173484.3A CN202410173484A CN117941582A CN 117941582 A CN117941582 A CN 117941582A CN 202410173484 A CN202410173484 A CN 202410173484A CN 117941582 A CN117941582 A CN 117941582A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种百香果简易避雨大棚栽培套种玉米的方法。先在百香果避雨栽培大棚的种植畦上采用双行种植，分别种植百香果和玉米，相邻两畦中邻近两行为同一种作物；定植玉米7～10天后定植百香果；待百香果植株生长至畦面垂直上方横向生长支撑线时，以间隔一株百香果顺序规律，将百香果植株连同支撑杆斜靠至另外一条横向生长支撑线上，引导主蔓沿生长支撑线同一方向生长至100～160厘米时，摘心打顶，促进一级蔓生长，之后按垂帘栽培模式管理；玉米采收后留地面以上10～20厘米玉米杆处砍断，并将玉米杆穿入地膜与畦面之间形成第二层覆盖物。百香果生产周期长，套种玉米后可提高土地利用率和产出，增加经济效益。提高农户的积极性。
The invention discloses a method for interplanting corn in a simple rain shelter greenhouse for cultivating passion fruit. First, double-row planting is adopted on the planting ridge of the passion fruit rain shelter cultivation greenhouse, passion fruit and corn are planted respectively, and the adjacent two rows in two adjacent ridges are the same crop; passion fruit is planted 7 to 10 days after corn is planted; when the passion fruit plant grows to the horizontal growth support line vertically above the ridge surface, the passion fruit plant and the support rod are leaned against another horizontal growth support line in a regular order of one passion fruit plant, and the main vine is guided to grow to 100 to 160 cm in the same direction of the growth support line, the top is pinched and topped to promote the growth of the primary vine, and then managed according to the curtain cultivation mode; after the corn is harvested, the corn stalk is cut off at 10 to 20 cm above the ground, and the corn stalk is inserted between the mulch and the ridge surface to form a second layer of covering. The passion fruit production cycle is long, and interplanting corn can improve the land utilization rate and output, and increase economic benefits. Improve the enthusiasm of farmers.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of planting, in particular to a method for interplanting corn in a simple rain-sheltering greenhouse for passion fruit cultivation.
Background
Because passion fruit has the habit characteristic that flower buds grow slightly with new branches, the number of passion fruit branches in a unit area of an orchard becomes a prerequisite for improving the yield, so that high-nitrogen high-phosphorus high-potassium fertilizer and organic fertilizer are additionally applied in the prior art as base fertilizers to obtain a large number of fruiting branches, but the fruiting branches are limited by factors of planting density (110-220 plants/mu), nutrition is wasted due to excessive nutrient components of early-stage planting furrow or spraying along with rain water flow, the actual early-stage yield is lower due to sparse quantity of the early-stage fruiting branches, the cost of planting seedlings is increased due to the fact that the planting density is increased, and the later-stage yield of the orchard is influenced by excessive luxuriant branches and cross overlapping; meanwhile, the extremely high Wen Yinzi influence appears in the middle and late ten days of 6 months each year, so that the temperature of the soil on the surface layer of a planting bed is increased, if the water is not supplied timely, the plant is physiologically lack of water to influence the growth, for example, the root system of the passion fruit is easily damaged at high temperature, and the problems of yellowing of leaves and the like are solved due to the water supply and the temperature reduction; the secondary branches (mainly three-level tendrils) grow in a large quantity and the fruiting amount of the secondary branches in the later period of the orchard suddenly increases, the nutritional ingredients in the soil can not meet the production requirements, additional fertilizer is needed to be supplemented manually to supply plant growth, so that the production management cost is increased, the cost of the passion fruit in the later period is low, the quality of the passion fruit is poor, and finally the whole economic benefit of the orchard is poor all year round.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for interplanting corn in a simple rain-sheltering greenhouse for passion fruit cultivation.
In order to achieve the aim, the invention provides a method for interplanting corn in a simple rain-sheltering greenhouse for passion fruit cultivation, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
S1, field planting: double-row planting is adopted on a planting bed of the passion fruit rain-sheltering cultivation greenhouse, wherein one row is used for planting passion fruits, the plant spacing is 50-80 cm, the other row is used for planting corns, and the plant spacing is 25-30 cm; in two adjacent furrows, two adjacent crops act as the same crop; the structure of the passion fruit rain-sheltering cultivation greenhouse is as follows: the transparent plastic film of the greenhouse covers the outer layer of the greenhouse framework, and is below 120+/-10 cm away from the ground and no plastic film is paved at the two ends of the greenhouse; a planting furrow is arranged below the soil; two plastic steel lines are arranged above the planting furrow along the trend of the furrow, and the spacing is 100+/-20 cm and used as a supporting line for the transverse growth of the main vines of the passion fruits;
firstly planting corn, and then planting passion fruit after 7-10 days;
S2, field management:
After corn field planting, normal corn cultivation management is carried out, after corn pollination, the top end cotton wool is sheared off, and 1-2 corn buds are reserved on corn plants;
Cutting support rods after passion fruit is planted, when passion fruit plants grow to a transverse growth support line above a furrow surface vertically, namely when the length of a main vine is about 180-200 cm, leaning passion fruit plants and the support rods to another transverse growth support line according to the sequence rule of one passion fruit at intervals, guiding the main vine to grow to 100-160 cm along the same direction of the growth support line, pinching and topping to promote the growth of the first-stage vine, and then managing according to a vertical curtain cultivation mode;
S3, corn harvesting and corn stalk treatment:
After harvesting, cutting off the cornstalk at a position 10-20 cm away from the ground, cutting small openings on the mulching film at intervals of the length of the cornstalk, penetrating the cornstalk between the mulching film and the furrow surface from the small openings, forming a second layer of covering on the furrow surface, and keeping the cornstalk and root system in the soil.
Further, in the step S1, the planting furrows are separated from each other and the planting furrows and the greenhouse framework supporting rods by 20+/-5 cm.
In the step S1, the field planted passion fruit seedlings are large cup seedlings with the height of 60-100 cm; the field planted corn seedling is a corn seedling with two leaves and one core.
Further, before the step S1, soil tillage, base fertilizer application and ridging are finished, a water and fertilizer integrated irrigation pipe is paved in the middle of the surface of a planted furrow, and then a silver light mulching film is covered on the planted furrow.
Further, the width of the planting furrow is 160-180 cm.
The invention utilizes the simple greenhouse of vegetables to be changed into the passion fruit rain-sheltering cultivation greenhouse, so that the facility reconstruction cost can be saved, the rain-sheltering coverage area of the changed rain-sheltering cultivation greenhouse is wider than that of the traditional rain-sheltering cultivation (for example, the grape rain-sheltering cultivation facility is shown in fig. 3), three planting furrows can be covered, and the rain-sheltering effect is better.
According to the invention, double-row planting is adopted on the planting furrow, and in two adjacent furrows, the adjacent two rows of crops (passion fruit or corn) have the same type, so that the shuttle times during agricultural operation can be reduced, the labor cost and the risk of damaging the crops by manpower are reduced, and the disease risk is reduced.
In the invention, the plant spacing of 50-80 cm is adopted for field planting, the front stage (the main vines grow to the front of the transverse growth supporting lines) is vertically upwards grown, and then 1 plant is spaced, so that the plant is obliquely planted on the other transverse growth supporting line above the furrow surface, and during the growth period, corresponding space and time can be reserved for corn growth, and the conflict of two crops in the growth space can be effectively avoided.
According to the conventional passion fruit planting habit, the corn sowing and planting time is determined, and the flowering time of two crops can be staggered and effectively linked, namely, when the flower wool (male flower) at the top end of the corn is opened, a large amount of bees can be attracted to collect pollen in advance, so that the pollination of the corn is facilitated, meanwhile, after the corn bud is formed, the flower wool at the top end is sheared, and at the moment, passion fruit flowers are formed and opened orderly, the effect of calling bees at the earlier stage can be continued, and the fruit setting rate of the passion fruits is improved.
After corn is interplanted, a part of nutrient elements in the soil can be consumed, nutrient loss caused by single planting of passion fruits is avoided, a part of nutrients enter a corn growth nutrition system, after corn is harvested, corn stalks return to the field, and nutrient substances can be slowly released into the soil after natural decay and enter the passion fruits growth nutrition system again as fertilizer.
After corn harvesting (6 late months), the corn stalks are filled between the planting furrow surfaces and the silver light mulching film at a high temperature in the right summer, a second layer of planting furrow covering is formed, the external temperature can be isolated and directly conducted into soil, the shallow root system is prevented from being burnt, meanwhile, under the support of the corn stalks, a ventilation channel of the silver light mulching film and the planting furrow surfaces is formed, ventilation is performed by utilizing silver light mulching film openings (corn stalk penetrating openings) with a certain interval, and hot air is discharged out of the planting furrow.
Because the corn root system is huge, the corn root system is deeply planted in the planting furrow, after the corn stalks are cut off, the corn stalk base and the root system remain on the planting furrow, and are naturally rotted, a part of the corn stalk base and the root system enter the soil as nutrient substances, and after the root system is rotted, larger ventilation holes are formed in the soil, so that ventilation of a soil layer is facilitated, and soil hardening is reduced.
The passion fruit production period is longer, after 3 months field planting, the harvest is started in 7 months in the current year, during which production management is needed, no other economic benefit is needed, if interplanted corn is adopted for production, the economic benefit except passion fruit can be obtained in 6 months, the economic pressure on production is slowed down, the enthusiasm of farmers is improved, and the land utilization rate and the yield are improved.
In the prior art, the interplanting technology of passion fruit, such as interplanting of passion fruit and dendrobium, is unfavorable for dendrobium production because dendrobium is favored to grow in humid and semi-yin and semi-yang environments, and the passion fruit is produced in a field, and the earlier stage illumination is stronger and the later stage illumination under the canopy is weaker. The passion fruit is interplanted with the peanut, and the peanut is pulled out or dug out of the soil layer when the peanut is harvested, so that the shallow root system of the passion fruit is easily damaged, and the root system growth is affected. The planting of the green beans has nitrogen fixation effect, so that the planting of the green beans is beneficial to the nutrition growth (such as stems and leaves) of the green beans, but is unfavorable for the reproduction growth (such as flower buds, flowers and fruits), the root system of the green beans is fine, the quantity of stems at the overground part is small, and the utilization rate is low. The corn interplanted in the invention can be directly decomposed in soil without pulling out root systems after harvesting, and holes are formed after the corn stalk base and the root systems are decomposed, thereby being beneficial to permeability between soil layers.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a simple rain-shelter cultivation interplanting corn for passion fruit in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a second schematic diagram of a method for interplanting corn in a greenhouse for simple rain-sheltering of passion fruit in accordance with the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of a conventional grape rain-sheltering cultivation facility.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to like or similar elements or elements having like or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below by referring to the drawings are illustrative and intended to explain the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the invention. The specific techniques or conditions are not identified in the examples and are performed according to techniques or conditions described in the literature in this field or according to the product specifications. The reagents or apparatus used were conventional products commercially available without the manufacturer's attention.
Example 1: method for interplanting corn in simple rain-sheltering greenhouse for passion fruit
Step 1: seedling breeding and preparation work
1. The seedlings of passion fruit are changed into big cups (the height is 14-16 cm: the diameter is 16-18 cm) in 11 months of 2022, then the seedling management is enhanced, and finally the big cup seedlings with the height of 60-100 cm are cultivated.
2. In the next ten days of 2 months of 2023, in the heat-insulating greenhouse, the corn seedlings are intensively grown in a plug, namely, corn seeds are planted in the plug holes filled with the matrix in a single mode, and when two leaves and one core of the corn seedlings appear, the corn seedlings can be planted on planting furrows.
3. And (3) soil tillage, base fertilizer application and furrow forming (furrow width is 160-180 cm) are completed at the end of 2 months in 2023, a water and fertilizer integrated irrigation pipe is paved in the middle of the surface of a planted furrow, and then a silverlight mulching film is covered on the planted furrow.
Step 2: greenhouse transformation
1. The simple greenhouse (shoulder height 200 cm, greenhouse height 360 cm and greenhouse width 600 cm) for vegetables is utilized to be changed into the 'passion fruit rain-sheltering cultivation greenhouse'. Transparent plastic film (4-6 wires) covers the outer layer of the greenhouse framework, and no plastic film is paved below 120 cm from the ground and at two ends of the greenhouse, so that ventilation in the greenhouse is facilitated (as shown in a schematic diagram 1).
2. Two plastic steel wires (with the diameter of 0.25-0.30 cm) are arranged above the planting furrow (with the height of 180-200 cm) along the trend of the furrow, and the two plastic steel wires are spaced by 100cm and used as transverse growth supporting wires for the main vines of passion fruits.
Step 3: planting hole design, planting time and field management
1. Fixed planting hole
Double-row planting (as shown in a schematic diagram 1) is adopted on the planting furrow, wherein one row is used for planting passion fruits, the plant spacing is 50-80 cm, and the other row is used for planting corns, and the plant spacing is 25-30 cm; in two adjacent furrows, two adjacent crops (passion fruit or corn) behave identically.
2. Time of field planting
The planting time of the passion fruit is 3 months 12-15 days, and the corn planting time is 7-10 days earlier than the planting time of the passion fruit.
3. Field management
After corn field planting, normal corn cultivation management is carried out, after corn pollination (corn bud formation), the top cotton is sheared off, and 1-2 corn buds are reserved on corn plants.
After the passion fruit is planted fixedly, a supporting rod is required to be cut so as to facilitate the passion fruit to climb upwards for growth, when the passion fruit plant grows to a transverse growth supporting line above the furrow surface vertically, namely, when the length of a main vine is about 180-200 cm, the passion fruit plant and the supporting rod are inclined to the other transverse growth supporting line according to the sequence rule of one passion fruit at intervals, when the main vine grows to 100-160 cm along the same direction of the growth supporting line, the main vine is guided to pluck the center and topping, the first-stage vine growth is promoted, and then management is carried out according to a vertical curtain cultivation mode. Step 4: corn harvesting and corn stalk processing
The corn is harvested 100-120 days after field planting, namely, in the late 6 months. After harvesting, cutting off the cornstalk at a position 10-20 cm away from the ground, cutting small openings on the mulching film at intervals of the length of the cornstalk, penetrating the cornstalk between the mulching film and the furrow surface from the small openings, forming a second-layer covering (as shown in a schematic diagram 2) on the furrow surface, and keeping the cornstalk and root system in the soil without carrying out farm operations such as pulling out.
Table 1 crop yield table
As can be seen from Table 1, the yield of passion fruit is higher after interplanting corn, and the yield of corn is far greater than that of either.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it will be understood that the above embodiments are illustrative and not to be construed as limiting the invention, and that variations, modifications, alternatives, and variations may be made in the above embodiments by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and principles of the invention.
Claims (5)
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Cited By (3)
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| CN119073169A (en) * | 2024-05-16 | 2024-12-06 | 谢勉 | Off-season high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation technology and methods for passion fruit |
| CN119256878A (en) * | 2024-10-21 | 2025-01-07 | 福建省热带作物科学研究所 | A kind of passion fruit cultivation method with early abundance and early yield |
| CN119344173A (en) * | 2024-11-18 | 2025-01-24 | 龙岩市新正农业有限公司 | A kind of passion fruit dwarfing and dense planting cultivation method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN119073169A (en) * | 2024-05-16 | 2024-12-06 | 谢勉 | Off-season high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation technology and methods for passion fruit |
| CN119256878A (en) * | 2024-10-21 | 2025-01-07 | 福建省热带作物科学研究所 | A kind of passion fruit cultivation method with early abundance and early yield |
| CN119344173A (en) * | 2024-11-18 | 2025-01-24 | 龙岩市新正农业有限公司 | A kind of passion fruit dwarfing and dense planting cultivation method |
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