CN117923686A - 一种高氟高硬度饮用水净化系统 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种高氟高硬度饮用水净化系统，属于饮用水处理技术领域。包括：依次通过管道连接的自清洗过滤器、多介质过滤器、精密过滤器、超滤膜装置、纳滤膜装置、反渗透膜装置和供水消毒池。本发明针对部分地区同时存在的氟化物污染、放射性污染、硬度高的水质具有显著的净化效果，而且操作维护简单、占地面积小、处理效果好，可以解决这些地区的饮用水安全问题，具有较好的环境效益和社会效益。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种高氟高硬度饮用水净化系统，具体涉及一种饮用水净化设备，特别适用于以高氟高硬度地下水为水源的地区，属于饮用水处理技术领域。
背景技术
饮用水安全直接影响人们的正常生活，反映社会发展水平和人民生活质量。发展中国家约80%的疾病和饮用水不安全及卫生设施缺乏有关。目前硝酸盐、氟化物、钙、镁等无机盐在水体中的超标存在已经严重影响了人们的饮用水安全。
氟广泛存在于自然水体中，是人体必需的微量元素之一。我国《生活饮用水卫生标准》GB5749-2022规定生活饮用水中氟化物浓度不得超过1.0mg/L，长期饮用氟浓度高于1.0mg/L的水，则会导致氟斑牙和氟骨症。目前国内外很多地区的饮用水源中，氟含量都超过健康标准，甚至超过健康标准十几倍，饮用水除氟与人民群众的身体健康密切相关，因此对饮用水除氟有很大需求。
氟在饮用水中主要以氟离子形式存在。对水中氟的去除方法很多，主要有吸附法、沉淀法、电絮凝法、电渗析法、反渗透法等。目前饮用水行业常用的除氟方法有膜过滤法和吸附法。
硬度高也是很多地区特别是我国北方地区的一个突出水质问题，我国《生活饮用水卫生标准》GB5749-2022规定生活饮用水中总硬度不得超过450mg/L，部分地区虽然没有超标，但是已经很接近标准限定值，有些地区甚至达到了1000 mg/L以上，对百姓的生活造成一些负面影响。
还有一些地区存在放射性物质，比如我国一些有色金属矿、铀矿山的采矿、冶炼、加工等区域，废水排放中铀含量高于一般普通河流一千多倍。还有一些天然的放射性物质也会引发水体污染，导致水库水、地表水和地下水中放射性指标严重超标。
常规的处理工艺对同时存在的氟化物、硬度、放射性污染物的处理效果不好，反渗透膜技术可以去除这些污染物，净化为符合国家标准的饮用水，但是仅应用反渗透膜技术容易造成反渗透膜迅速堵塞，而且很难清洗，因为反渗透膜表面沉积了大量的氟化钙等难溶垢，需要短期更换反渗透膜，从而极大的提高投资运行维护成本。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对高氟、高硬度的水质问题，提供一种净化效果好、投资运行成本合理的饮用水净化系统。
本发明的一种高氟高硬度饮用水净化系统，包括：依次通过管道连接的自清洗过滤器、多介质过滤器、精密过滤器、超滤膜装置、纳滤膜装置、反渗透膜装置和供水消毒池，采用本系统净化饮用水的过程：饮用水水源首先进入预处理系统，包括自清洗过滤器、多介质过滤器和精密过滤器，去除泥沙、悬浮物、铁、锰等污染物；经预处理后的水再进入超滤膜装置，去除有机污染物、胶体、细菌、病毒等；经超滤膜处理后的水进入纳滤膜装置，去除重金属、钙、镁、硫酸盐等二价污染物；经纳滤膜处理后的水进入反渗透膜装置，去除氯化物、氟化物、钠、硝酸盐等一价污染物，产水再进入供水消毒池，经过消毒处理后为用户提供饮用水。其中超滤膜装置中装有以PVDF、PAN、PVC等材料中的一种或多种复合的中空纤维超滤膜，纳滤膜装置中包括以芳香聚酰胺为主要材料的复合纳滤膜，反渗透膜装置中包括以耐氧化芳香聚酰胺为主要材料的反渗透膜。多介质过滤器中的介质包括石英砂、锰砂、活性炭、无烟煤等介质中的一种或多种。其中供水消毒池采用加氯消毒、臭氧消毒、紫外消毒的一种或多种。
本发明针对部分地区同时存在的氟化物污染、放射性污染、硬度高的水质具有显著的净化效果，而且操作维护简单、占地面积小、处理效果好，可以解决这些地区的饮用水安全问题，具有较好的环境效益和社会效益。
附图说明
图1为本发明系统的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例及附图1对本发明做进一步详细说明。
实施例一：
应用于北方地区某地的高氟高硬度饮用水净化系统，饮用水水源中氟化物浓度为3.2 mg/L，总硬度460 mg/L，TDS值为1562 mg/L，而且含有放射性铀，含量为0.31mg/L，该高氟高硬度饮用水净化系统包括：依次通过管道连接的自清洗过滤器、多介质过滤器、精密过滤器、超滤膜装置、纳滤膜装置、反渗透膜装置和供水消毒池，采用本系统净化饮用水的过程：饮用水水源首先进入预处理系统，包括自清洗过滤器、多介质过滤器和精密过滤器，去除泥沙、悬浮物、铁、锰等污染物；经预处理后的水再进入超滤膜装置，去除有机污染物、胶体、细菌、病毒等；经超滤膜处理后的水进入纳滤膜装置，去除重金属、钙、镁、硫酸盐等二价污染物；经纳滤膜处理后的水进入反渗透膜装置，去除氯化物、氟化物、钠、硝酸盐等一价污染物，产水再进入供水消毒池，其中超滤膜装置中装有以PVDF中空纤维超滤膜，纳滤膜装置中装有以芳香聚酰胺为主要材料的复合纳滤膜，反渗透膜装置中装有以耐氧化芳香聚酰胺为主要材料的反渗透膜；多介质过滤器中的介质为椰壳活性炭，供水消毒池采用加氯消毒。经本系统净化后的饮用水各项指标均优于国家生活饮用水卫生标准，经供水消毒池后直接为用户供水。
实施例二：
一种高氟高硬度饮用水净化系统，水源中氟化物浓度为8.5 mg/L，总硬度407 mg/L，TDS值为1075 mg/L，铁0.5 mg/L，锰0.3 mg/L，该高氟高硬度饮用水净化系统包括：依次通过管道连接的自清洗过滤器、多介质过滤器、精密过滤器、超滤膜装置、纳滤膜装置、反渗透膜装置和供水消毒池，采用本系统净化饮用水的过程：饮用水水源首先进入预处理系统，包括自清洗过滤器、多介质过滤器和精密过滤器，去除泥沙、悬浮物、铁、锰等污染物；经预处理后的水再进入超滤膜装置，去除有机污染物、胶体、细菌、病毒等；经超滤膜处理后的水进入纳滤膜装置，去除重金属、钙、镁、硫酸盐等二价污染物；经纳滤膜处理后的水进入反渗透膜装置，去除氯化物、氟化物、钠、硝酸盐等一价污染物，产水再进入供水消毒池，其中超滤膜装置中装有以PAN为主要材料的中空纤维超滤膜，纳滤膜装置中装有以芳香聚酰胺为主要材料的复合纳滤膜，反渗透膜装置中装有以耐氧化芳香聚酰胺为主要材料的反渗透膜；多介质过滤器中的介质为锰砂和石英砂，供水消毒池采用紫外消毒，经本系统净化后的饮用水各项指标均优于国家生活饮用水卫生标准，经供水消毒池后直接为用户供水。
本发明采用“预处理＋超滤膜＋纳滤膜＋反渗透膜＋消毒”的处理工艺，利用物理过滤和逐级过滤的原理，有效去除饮用水水源中的杂质、有机物、胶体、硬度和氟化物等污染物，对放射性污染物也有较好的去除效果，而且每一级过滤负担合理，不会造成反渗透膜的短期堵塞，延长系统使用寿命，减少运行维护成本，操作维护简单，全部采用自动化，无二次污染，具有较好的经济效益、环境效益和社会效益。
Claims (4)
1.一种高氟高硬度饮用水净化系统，其特征在于，包括：依次通过管道连接的自清洗过滤器、多介质过滤器、精密过滤器、超滤膜装置、纳滤膜装置、反渗透膜装置和供水消毒池，采用本系统净化饮用水的过程：饮用水水源首先进入预处理系统，包括自清洗过滤器、多介质过滤器和精密过滤器，去除泥沙、悬浮物、铁、锰等污染物；经预处理后的水再进入超滤膜装置，去除有机污染物、胶体、细菌、病毒等；经超滤膜处理后的水进入纳滤膜装置，去除重金属、钙、镁、硫酸盐等二价污染物；经纳滤膜处理后的水进入反渗透膜装置，去除氯化物、氟化物、钠、硝酸盐等一价污染物，产水再进入供水消毒池，经过消毒处理后为用户提供饮用水。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种高氟高硬度饮用水净化系统，其特征在于，所述超滤膜装置中装有中空纤维超滤膜，所述纳滤膜装置中装有以芳香聚酰胺为主要材料的复合纳滤膜，所述反渗透膜装置中装有以耐氧化芳香聚酰胺为主要材料的反渗透膜。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种高氟高硬度饮用水净化系统，其特征在于，所述多介质过滤器中的介质包括石英砂、锰砂、活性炭、无烟煤等介质中的一种或多种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种高氟高硬度饮用水净化系统，其特征在于，所述供水消毒池采用加氯消毒、臭氧消毒、紫外消毒的一种或多种。
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