CN117847616A - Thermoelectric decoupling system based on thermal storage of electrode boiler - Google Patents
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D18/00—Small-scale combined heat and power [CHP] generation systems specially adapted for domestic heating, space heating or domestic hot-water supply
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K17/00—Using steam or condensate extracted or exhausted from steam engine plant
- F01K17/02—Using steam or condensate extracted or exhausted from steam engine plant for heating purposes, e.g. industrial, domestic
- F01K17/025—Using steam or condensate extracted or exhausted from steam engine plant for heating purposes, e.g. industrial, domestic in combination with at least one gas turbine, e.g. a combustion gas turbine
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
- F22B1/28—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method in boilers heated electrically
- F22B1/30—Electrode boilers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22D—PREHEATING, OR ACCUMULATING PREHEATED, FEED-WATER FOR STEAM GENERATION; FEED-WATER SUPPLY FOR STEAM GENERATION; CONTROLLING WATER LEVEL FOR STEAM GENERATION; AUXILIARY DEVICES FOR PROMOTING WATER CIRCULATION WITHIN STEAM BOILERS
- F22D1/00—Feed-water heaters, i.e. economisers or like preheaters
- F22D1/02—Feed-water heaters, i.e. economisers or like preheaters with water tubes arranged in the boiler furnace, fire tubes or flue ways
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D3/00—Hot-water central heating systems
- F24D3/10—Feed-line arrangements, e.g. providing for heat-accumulator tanks, expansion tanks ; Hydraulic components of a central heating system
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D2101/00—Electric generators of small-scale CHP systems
- F24D2101/10—Gas turbines; Steam engines or steam turbines; Water turbines, e.g. located in water pipes
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Abstract
Description
技术领域Technical Field
本发明涉及一种基于电极锅炉蓄热的热电解耦系统，属于热电解耦技术领域。The invention relates to a thermoelectric decoupling system based on heat storage of an electrode boiler, belonging to the technical field of thermoelectric decoupling.
背景技术Background technique
新型电力系统核心特征在于新能源占据主导地位，成为主要能源形式。近年来，我国的风电、光伏发电等新能源发展成效显著，装机规模稳居全球首位，发电量占比稳步提升。但由于新能源发电固有的强随机性、波动性和间歇性，大规模新能源接入电网后，电力系统的调节难度大幅增加。要保障不同时间尺度电力供需平衡和新能源高水平消纳，关键是提升新型电力系统的灵活调节能力。The core feature of the new power system is that new energy occupies a dominant position and becomes the main form of energy. In recent years, my country's wind power, photovoltaic power generation and other new energy development results are remarkable, the installed capacity ranks first in the world, and the proportion of power generation has steadily increased. However, due to the inherent strong randomness, volatility and intermittency of new energy power generation, the difficulty of regulating the power system has increased significantly after large-scale new energy is connected to the power grid. To ensure the balance of power supply and demand at different time scales and the high level of new energy consumption, the key is to enhance the flexible regulation capability of the new power system.
热电解耦作为热电机组灵活性改造的关键技术，可有效提升热电厂的调峰和供热调节能力，提升电源侧灵活性，是促进新能源消纳的重要措施之一。对此国内外学者进行了一系列研究，目前常用技术包括储能技术等。As a key technology for the flexibility transformation of thermal power units, thermal-electric decoupling can effectively improve the peak load regulation and heat supply regulation capabilities of thermal power plants, improve the flexibility of the power supply side, and is one of the important measures to promote the consumption of new energy. Domestic and foreign scholars have conducted a series of studies on this, and currently commonly used technologies include energy storage technology.
利用储能技术与热电联产机组相结合的方法，在需求低谷时存储电能，在需求高峰时释放电能，以实现深度调峰，但目前的储能技术还存在成本高、容量有限、响应速度较低，实现调峰需求的时间长等问题。The method of combining energy storage technology with cogeneration units is to store electricity when demand is low and release it when demand is peak to achieve deep peak regulation. However, current energy storage technology still has problems such as high cost, limited capacity, low response speed, and long time to achieve peak regulation.
上述问题是在基于电极锅炉蓄热的热电解耦过程中应当予以考虑并解决的问题。The above problems are issues that should be considered and resolved in the thermoelectric decoupling process based on electrode boiler heat storage.
发明内容Summary of the invention
本发明的目的是提供一种基于电极锅炉蓄热的热电解耦系统解决现有技术中存在的实现调峰需求的时间长、响应速度有待提高的问题。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a thermoelectric decoupling system based on electrode boiler heat storage to solve the problems in the prior art that it takes a long time to achieve peak load demand and the response speed needs to be improved.
本发明的技术解决方案是：The technical solution of the present invention is:
一种基于电极锅炉蓄热的热电解耦系统，包括热电联产机组和升压变压器，热电联产机组通过升压变压器与电网连接，还包括降压变压器、电极锅炉、热水蓄热罐和混合加热器，电网通过降压变压器连接电极锅炉，电极锅炉的锅炉进水口通过锅炉侧回水管道与热网回水管道连通，电极锅炉的锅炉出水口通过锅炉侧供水管道与热水蓄热罐的进水口连通，热水蓄热罐通过蓄热罐侧供水管道与热网供水管道连接，且热水蓄热罐通过蓄热罐侧回水管道与热网回水管道连接，热网供水管道通过热用户侧供水管道、热用户侧换热器、热用户侧回水管道连接热网回水管道；热电联产机组包括燃料锅炉和汽轮机组，燃料锅炉与汽轮机组连接并用于做功发电；汽轮机组中的蒸汽通过供热抽汽管道进入混合加热器，与混合加热器内部的给水直接混合，混合加热器的出口端与热网供水管道相连。A thermoelectric decoupling system based on electrode boiler heat storage comprises a cogeneration unit and a step-up transformer. The cogeneration unit is connected to a power grid via a step-up transformer and further comprises a step-down transformer, an electrode boiler, a hot water thermal storage tank and a mixing heater. The power grid is connected to the electrode boiler via a step-down transformer. The boiler water inlet of the electrode boiler is connected to a heat network return water pipeline via a boiler side return water pipeline. The boiler water outlet of the electrode boiler is connected to a water inlet of the hot water thermal storage tank via a boiler side water supply pipeline. The hot water thermal storage tank is connected to a heat network water supply pipeline via a heat storage tank side water supply pipeline, and the hot water thermal storage tank is connected to a heat network return water pipeline via a heat storage tank side return water pipeline. The heat network water supply pipeline is connected to the heat network return water pipeline via a heat user side water supply pipeline, a heat user side heat exchanger and a heat user side return water pipeline. The cogeneration unit comprises a fuel boiler and a steam turbine unit. The fuel boiler is connected to the steam turbine unit and is used for generating power. The steam in the steam turbine unit enters the mixing heater via a heat supply steam extraction pipeline and is directly mixed with the feed water inside the mixing heater. The outlet end of the mixing heater is connected to the heat network water supply pipeline.
进一步地，燃料锅炉包括燃料锅炉炉膛、水冷壁、过热器、再热器、省煤器和汽包，燃料锅炉炉膛内设有过热器和再热器，省煤器的出水口与水冷壁的进水口连接，水冷壁的出汽口通过汽包与过热器连接汽轮机组。Furthermore, the fuel boiler includes a fuel boiler furnace, a water-cooled wall, a superheater, a reheater, an economizer and a steam drum. The superheater and the reheater are arranged in the fuel boiler furnace. The water outlet of the economizer is connected to the water inlet of the water-cooled wall. The steam outlet of the water-cooled wall is connected to the steam turbine unit through the steam drum and the superheater.
进一步地，过热器包括沿烟气流动方向设置的屏式过热器、高温过热器和低温过热器，低温过热器的入汽口连接汽包的出汽口，低温过热器的出汽口与屏式过热器的进汽口连接，屏式过热器的出汽口与高温过热器的进汽口连接。Furthermore, the superheater includes a screen superheater, a high-temperature superheater and a low-temperature superheater arranged along the flue gas flow direction, the steam inlet of the low-temperature superheater is connected to the steam outlet of the steam drum, the steam outlet of the low-temperature superheater is connected to the steam inlet of the screen superheater, and the steam outlet of the screen superheater is connected to the steam inlet of the high-temperature superheater.
进一步地，汽轮机组包括汽轮机高压缸、汽轮机中压缸、汽轮机低压缸及发电机，高温过热器的主出汽口与汽轮机高压缸的进汽口连接，汽轮机高压缸的排汽口与再热器的进汽口连接，再热器的出汽口与汽轮机中压缸的进汽口连接，汽轮机中压缸的排汽口与汽轮机低压缸的进汽口连接，汽轮机中压缸的供热抽汽口、汽轮机低压缸的供热抽汽口分别与供热抽汽管道连接。Furthermore, the steam turbine unit includes a steam turbine high-pressure cylinder, a steam turbine intermediate-pressure cylinder, a steam turbine low-pressure cylinder and a generator, the main steam outlet of the high-temperature superheater is connected to the steam inlet of the steam turbine high-pressure cylinder, the exhaust port of the steam turbine high-pressure cylinder is connected to the steam inlet of the reheater, the steam outlet of the reheater is connected to the steam inlet of the steam turbine intermediate-pressure cylinder, the exhaust port of the steam turbine intermediate-pressure cylinder is connected to the steam inlet of the steam turbine low-pressure cylinder, the heating steam extraction port of the steam turbine intermediate-pressure cylinder and the heating steam extraction port of the steam turbine low-pressure cylinder are respectively connected to the heating steam extraction pipeline.
进一步地，热电联产机组还包括凝结器、冷却塔、凝结水泵、低压加热器、除氧器和高压加热器，汽轮机组的排汽口与凝结器的进汽口连接，冷却塔用于向凝结器中输入低温水将蒸汽冷凝成水，凝结器的出水口通过凝结水泵、低压加热器、除氧器与高压加热器连接省煤器的进水口。Furthermore, the cogeneration unit also includes a condenser, a cooling tower, a condensate pump, a low-pressure heater, a deaerator and a high-pressure heater. The exhaust port of the steam turbine unit is connected to the steam inlet of the condenser. The cooling tower is used to input low-temperature water into the condenser to condense the steam into water. The water outlet of the condenser is connected to the water inlet of the economizer through the condensate pump, the low-pressure heater, the deaerator and the high-pressure heater.
进一步地，电极锅炉包括高压电极、锅炉外筒、锅炉内筒、锅炉进水口、锅炉出水口、排污口、气压调节阀、水位计和温度检测装置，降压变压器与高压电极连接，高压电极穿入锅炉内筒中，锅炉内筒设于锅炉外筒内，且锅炉外筒通过循环回路与锅炉内筒连通，锅炉外筒分别设有锅炉进水口、锅炉出水口、排污口、气压调节阀、水位计和温度检测装置。Furthermore, the electrode boiler includes a high-voltage electrode, a boiler outer tube, a boiler inner tube, a boiler water inlet, a boiler water outlet, a sewage outlet, an air pressure regulating valve, a water level gauge and a temperature detection device. The step-down transformer is connected to the high-voltage electrode, the high-voltage electrode is inserted into the boiler inner tube, the boiler inner tube is arranged in the boiler outer tube, and the boiler outer tube is connected to the boiler inner tube through a circulation loop. The boiler outer tube is respectively provided with a boiler water inlet, a boiler water outlet, a sewage outlet, an air pressure regulating valve, a water level gauge and a temperature detection device.
进一步地，热电联产机组中，通过燃料锅炉产生的热蒸汽用于驱动汽轮机组做功发电，汽轮机组做功所发电力经升压变压器汇入电网，电网电能经降压变压器输入电极锅炉；抽取中压缸和低压缸中热蒸汽输入混合加热器，混合加热器与热网供水管道连接，热网供水管道及热网回水管道与用户侧换热器连接。Furthermore, in the cogeneration unit, the hot steam generated by the fuel boiler is used to drive the steam turbine unit to generate electricity. The electricity generated by the steam turbine unit is fed into the power grid via a step-up transformer, and the power from the power grid is input into the electrode boiler via a step-down transformer. The hot steam in the medium-pressure cylinder and the low-pressure cylinder is extracted and input into the mixing heater. The mixing heater is connected to the water supply pipeline of the heating network, and the water supply pipeline of the heating network and the return pipeline of the heating network are connected to the heat exchanger on the user side.
进一步地，汽轮机组做功所发电力经升压变压器汇入电网，电网电能经降压变压器输入电极锅炉，将电能转换为热能，热电联产机组新增最大下调峰容量CP：Furthermore, the electricity generated by the steam turbine unit is fed into the power grid through the step-up transformer, and the power grid is input into the electrode boiler through the step-down transformer to convert the power into heat energy. The maximum down-regulation peak capacity C P of the cogeneration unit is added as follows:
CP＝CEB+kηEBCEB C P = C EB + kη EB C EB
其中，CEB为电极锅炉容量，ηEB为电极锅炉的电转热效率，k为机组热电特性曲线斜率。Among them, C EB is the capacity of the electrode boiler, η EB is the electricity-to-heat efficiency of the electrode boiler, and k is the slope of the unit's thermoelectric characteristic curve.
本发明的有益效果是：The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
一、该种基于电极锅炉蓄热的热电解耦系统，与现有技术相比，采用电极锅炉和热水蓄热罐对热电联产机组进行热电解耦改造，相较于熔盐蓄热等其他热电解耦技术，本发明的电极锅炉的响应速度迅速，能够在短时间内实现调峰需求，提供即时的热能。能够实现热电解耦，同时满足对外供热和供电的需求，提高机组的灵活性及电网对新能源的消纳能力。此外，该系统采用电极锅炉调峰具有较高的灵活性，能够根据需求进行精确的功率调节，通过控制电极的数量和电流，能够实现灵活的负荷平衡，适应实际需求的变化。1. Compared with the prior art, this thermoelectric decoupling system based on electrode boiler heat storage uses electrode boilers and hot water thermal storage tanks to perform thermoelectric decoupling transformation on the cogeneration unit. Compared with other thermoelectric decoupling technologies such as molten salt thermal storage, the electrode boiler of the present invention has a fast response speed, can meet the peak load demand in a short time, and provide immediate thermal energy. It can achieve thermoelectric decoupling and meet the needs of external heating and power supply at the same time, improve the flexibility of the unit and the power grid's ability to absorb new energy. In addition, the system uses electrode boiler peak load regulation with high flexibility, and can perform precise power adjustment according to demand. By controlling the number and current of electrodes, it can achieve flexible load balance and adapt to changes in actual demand.
二、本发明采用电极锅炉蓄热对热电联产机组进行热电解耦改造，通过电极锅炉消耗部分电量，使机组可以在供热期间的实际发电负荷可以不用降至过低，加上电极锅炉补充的部分热量，能够满足热网热负荷的需求，若再结合调峰补偿，则使得机组能够具有客观的收益，既增加了新能源消纳空间，同时能够提高电厂参与调峰的积极性。2. The present invention adopts electrode boiler heat storage to carry out heat-electric decoupling transformation of the cogeneration unit. The electrode boiler consumes part of the electricity, so that the actual power generation load of the unit during the heating period does not need to be reduced too low. In addition, the part of the heat supplemented by the electrode boiler can meet the thermal load demand of the heating network. If combined with peak-shaving compensation, the unit can have objective benefits, which not only increases the space for new energy consumption, but also improves the enthusiasm of power plants to participate in peak-shaving.
附图说明BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
图1是本发明实施例基于电极锅炉蓄热的热电解耦系统的结构示意图；FIG1 is a schematic structural diagram of a thermoelectric decoupling system based on thermal storage of an electrode boiler according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图2是实施例中电极锅炉的说明示意图；FIG2 is a schematic diagram illustrating an electrode boiler in an embodiment;
图3是实施例中配置电极锅炉前后热电联产机组的热电特性图，其中，曲线ABCD为配置电极锅炉前的热电联产机组热电特性曲线，曲线ABB′C′D′D为配置电极锅炉后的热电联产机组热电特性曲线，Pe,min和Pe,max分别为机组在纯凝工况下的最小和最大发电功率，Ph,max和Ph′,max分别为机组配置电极锅炉前后的最大供热功率，Pe,h和Pe′,h分别为组配置电极锅炉前后的最大供热功率所对应的发电功率；3 is a thermoelectric characteristic diagram of the cogeneration unit before and after the electrode boiler is configured in the embodiment, wherein curve ABCD is the thermoelectric characteristic curve of the cogeneration unit before the electrode boiler is configured, curve ABB′C′D′D is the thermoelectric characteristic curve of the cogeneration unit after the electrode boiler is configured, Pe ,min and Pe ,max are respectively the minimum and maximum power generation of the unit under pure condensing conditions, Ph ,max and Ph ′ ,max are respectively the maximum heating power before and after the electrode boiler is configured, Pe ,h and Pe ′ ,h are respectively the power generation power corresponding to the maximum heating power before and after the electrode boiler is configured;
图4是实施例热电联产机组新增调峰容量与电极锅炉负荷的关系示意图；4 is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between the newly added peak load regulation capacity of the cogeneration unit and the electrode boiler load in the embodiment;
其中：1-汽轮机高压缸，2-汽轮机中压缸，3-汽轮机低压缸，4-发电机，5-汽包，6-屏式过热器，7-高温过热器，8-水冷壁，9-燃料锅炉炉膛，10-渣斗，11-再热器，12-低温过热器，13-省煤器，14-升压变压器，15-降压变压器，16-锅炉侧回水管道，17-电极锅炉，18-锅炉侧供水管道，19-热水蓄热罐，20-蓄热罐侧供水管道，21-蓄热罐侧回水管道，22-混合加热器，23-热用户侧供水管道，24-电网，25-热网回水管道，26-热网供水管道，27-热用户侧回水管道，28-热用户侧换热器，29-冷却塔，30-凝结器，31-凝结水泵，32-低压加热器，33-除氧器，34-高压加热器；Among them: 1-steam turbine high pressure cylinder, 2-steam turbine medium pressure cylinder, 3-steam turbine low pressure cylinder, 4-generator, 5-steam drum, 6-platen superheater, 7-high temperature superheater, 8-water wall, 9-fuel boiler furnace, 10-slag hopper, 11-reheater, 12-low temperature superheater, 13-economizer, 14-step-up transformer, 15-step-down transformer, 16-boiler side return water pipe, 17-electrode boiler, 18-boiler side water supply pipe, 19-hot water storage tank, 20-water supply pipe on the side of the heat storage tank, 21-water return pipe on the side of the heat storage tank, 22-mixing heater, 23-water supply pipe on the side of the heat user, 24-power grid, 25-water return pipe on the heat network, 26-water supply pipe on the heat network, 27-water return pipe on the side of the heat user, 28-heat exchanger on the side of the heat user, 29-cooling tower, 30-condenser, 31-condensate pump, 32-low-pressure heater, 33-deaerator, 34-high-pressure heater;
171-高压电极，172-锅炉外筒，173锅炉内筒，174-锅炉进水口，175-锅炉出水口，176-排污口，177-气压调节阀，178-水位计，179-温度检测装置，1710-循环回路。171-high voltage electrode, 172-boiler outer tube, 173 boiler inner tube, 174-boiler water inlet, 175-boiler water outlet, 176-drain outlet, 177-air pressure regulating valve, 178-water level gauge, 179-temperature detection device, 1710-circulation loop.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图详细说明本发明的优选实施例。The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
实施例Example
为使本发明的上述目的、特征和优点能够更加明显易懂，下面结合说明书附图对本发明的具体实施方式做详细的说明，显然所描述的实施例是本发明的一部分实施例，而不是全部实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都应当属于本发明的保护的范围。In order to make the above-mentioned purposes, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the specific implementation methods of the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the drawings of the specification. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary persons in the art without creative work should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.
在下面的描述中阐述了很多具体细节以便于充分理解本发明，但是本发明还可以采用其他不同于在此描述的其它方式来实施，本领域技术人员可以在不违背本发明内涵的情况下做类似推广，因此本发明不受下面公开的具体实施例的限制。In the following description, many specific details are set forth to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention, but the present invention may also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art may make similar generalizations without violating the connotation of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.
其次，此处所称的“一个实施例”或“实施例”是指可包含于本发明至少一个实现方式中的特定特征、结构或特性。在本说明书中不同地方出现的“在一个实施例中”并非均指同一个实施例，也不是单独的或选择性的与其他实施例互相排斥的实施例。Secondly, the term "one embodiment" or "embodiment" as used herein refers to a specific feature, structure, or characteristic that may be included in at least one implementation of the present invention. The term "in one embodiment" that appears in different places in this specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor does it refer to a separate or selective embodiment that is mutually exclusive with other embodiments.
本发明结合示意图进行详细描述，在详述本发明实施例时，为便于说明，表示器件结构的剖面图会不依一般比例作局部放大，而且示意图只是示例，其在此不应限制本发明保护的范围。此外，在实际制作中应包含长度、宽度及深度的三维空间尺寸。The present invention is described in detail with reference to the schematic diagram. When describing the embodiments of the present invention, for the sake of convenience, the cross-sectional diagrams showing the device structure will not be partially enlarged according to the general scale, and the schematic diagrams are only examples, which should not limit the scope of protection of the present invention. In addition, in actual production, the three-dimensional dimensions of length, width and depth should be included.
同时在本发明的描述中，需要说明的是，术语中的“上、下、内和外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。此外，术语“第一、第二或第三”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。At the same time, in the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the directions or positional relationships indicated by the terms "upper, lower, inner and outer" are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first, second or third" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.
本发明中除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装、相连、连接”应做广义理解，例如：可以是固定连接、可拆卸连接或一体式连接；同样可以是机械连接、电连接或直接连接，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，也可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "install, connect, connect" should be understood in a broad sense, for example: it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection or an integral connection; it can also be a mechanical connection, an electrical connection or a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.
实施例Example
一种基于电极锅炉蓄热的热电解耦系统，如图1，包括热电联产机组和升压变压器14，热电联产机组通过升压变压器14与电网24连接，还包括降压变压器15、电极锅炉17、热水蓄热罐19和混合加热器22，电网24通过降压变压器15连接电极锅炉17，电极锅炉17的锅炉进水口174通过锅炉侧回水管道16与热网回水管道25连通，电极锅炉17的锅炉出水口175通过锅炉侧供水管道18与热水蓄热罐19的进水口连通，热水蓄热罐19通过蓄热罐侧供水管道20与热网供水管道26连接，且热水蓄热罐19通过蓄热罐侧回水管道21与热网回水管道25连接，热网供水管道26通过热用户侧供水管道23、热用户侧换热器28、热用户侧回水管道23连接热网回水管道25；热电联产机组包括燃料锅炉和汽轮机组，燃料锅炉与汽轮机组连接并用于做功发电；汽轮机组中的蒸汽通过供热抽汽管道进入混合加热器22，与混合加热器22内部的给水直接混合，混合加热器22的出口端与热网供水管道26相连。A thermoelectric decoupling system based on electrode boiler heat storage, as shown in FIG1, includes a cogeneration unit and a step-up transformer 14, the cogeneration unit is connected to the power grid 24 through the step-up transformer 14, and also includes a step-down transformer 15, an electrode boiler 17, a hot water thermal storage tank 19 and a mixed heater 22, the power grid 24 is connected to the electrode boiler 17 through the step-down transformer 15, the boiler water inlet 174 of the electrode boiler 17 is connected to the heat network return water pipe 25 through the boiler side return water pipe 16, the boiler water outlet 175 of the electrode boiler 17 is connected to the water inlet of the hot water thermal storage tank 19 through the boiler side water supply pipe 18, and the hot water thermal storage tank 19 is connected to the hot water thermal storage tank 19 through the thermal storage tank 19. The tank-side water supply pipeline 20 is connected to the heating network water supply pipeline 26, and the hot water thermal storage tank 19 is connected to the heating network return water pipeline 25 through the thermal storage tank-side return water pipeline 21, and the heating network water supply pipeline 26 is connected to the heating network return water pipeline 25 through the heat user-side water supply pipeline 23, the heat user-side heat exchanger 28, and the heat user-side return water pipeline 23; the cogeneration unit includes a fuel boiler and a steam turbine unit, the fuel boiler is connected to the steam turbine unit and is used to generate power; the steam in the steam turbine unit enters the mixing heater 22 through the heating steam extraction pipeline, and is directly mixed with the feed water inside the mixing heater 22, and the outlet end of the mixing heater 22 is connected to the heating network water supply pipeline 26.
该种基于电极锅炉蓄热的热电解耦系统，与现有技术相比，采用电极锅炉17和热水蓄热罐19对热电联产机组进行热电解耦改造，相较于熔盐蓄热等其他热电解耦技术，本发明的电极锅炉17的响应速度迅速，能够在短时间内实现调峰需求，提供即时的热能。此外，该系统采用电极锅炉17调峰具有较高的灵活性，能够根据需求进行精确的功率调节，通过控制电极的数量和电流，能够实现灵活的负荷平衡，适应实际需求的变化。Compared with the prior art, this thermoelectric decoupling system based on electrode boiler heat storage uses electrode boiler 17 and hot water thermal storage tank 19 to perform thermoelectric decoupling transformation on the cogeneration unit. Compared with other thermoelectric decoupling technologies such as molten salt thermal storage, the electrode boiler 17 of the present invention has a fast response speed and can meet the peak load demand in a short time and provide immediate thermal energy. In addition, the system uses electrode boiler 17 for peak load regulation with high flexibility, and can accurately adjust power according to demand. By controlling the number and current of electrodes, it can achieve flexible load balance and adapt to changes in actual demand.
燃料锅炉包括燃料锅炉炉膛9、水冷壁8、过热器、再热器11、省煤器13和汽包5，燃料锅炉炉膛9内设有过热器和再热器11，省煤器13的出水口与水冷壁8的进水口连接，水冷壁8的出汽口通过汽包5与过热器连接汽轮机组，燃料锅炉炉膛9的底部设有渣斗10。过热器包括沿烟气流动方向设置的屏式过热器6、高温过热器7和低温过热器12，低温过热器12的入汽口连接汽包5的出汽口，低温过热器12的出汽口与屏式过热器6的进汽口连接，屏式过热器6的出汽口与高温过热器7的进汽口连接。The fuel boiler includes a fuel boiler furnace 9, a water wall 8, a superheater, a reheater 11, an economizer 13 and a steam drum 5. The fuel boiler furnace 9 is provided with a superheater and a reheater 11. The water outlet of the economizer 13 is connected to the water inlet of the water wall 8. The steam outlet of the water wall 8 is connected to the steam turbine unit through the steam drum 5. A slag hopper 10 is provided at the bottom of the fuel boiler furnace 9. The superheater includes a platen superheater 6, a high-temperature superheater 7 and a low-temperature superheater 12 arranged along the flow direction of the flue gas. The steam inlet of the low-temperature superheater 12 is connected to the steam outlet of the steam drum 5, the steam outlet of the low-temperature superheater 12 is connected to the steam inlet of the platen superheater 6, and the steam outlet of the platen superheater 6 is connected to the steam inlet of the high-temperature superheater 7.
汽轮机组包括汽轮机高压缸1、汽轮机中压缸2、汽轮机低压缸3及发电机4，高温过热器7的主出汽口与汽轮机高压缸1的进汽口连接，汽轮机高压缸1的排汽口与再热器11的进汽口连接，再热器11的出汽口与汽轮机中压缸2的进汽口连接，汽轮机中压缸2的排汽口与汽轮机低压缸3的进汽口连接，汽轮机中压缸2的供热抽汽口、汽轮机低压缸3的供热抽汽口分别与供热抽汽管道连接。The steam turbine unit comprises a steam turbine high-pressure cylinder 1, a steam turbine intermediate-pressure cylinder 2, a steam turbine low-pressure cylinder 3 and a generator 4. The main steam outlet of the high-temperature superheater 7 is connected to the steam inlet of the steam turbine high-pressure cylinder 1, the exhaust port of the steam turbine high-pressure cylinder 1 is connected to the steam inlet of the reheater 11, the steam outlet of the reheater 11 is connected to the steam inlet of the steam turbine intermediate-pressure cylinder 2, the exhaust port of the steam turbine intermediate-pressure cylinder 2 is connected to the steam inlet of the steam turbine low-pressure cylinder 3, and the heat extraction port of the steam turbine intermediate-pressure cylinder 2 and the heat extraction port of the steam turbine low-pressure cylinder 3 are respectively connected to the heat extraction pipeline.
热电联产机组还包括凝结器30、冷却塔29、凝结水泵31、低压加热器32、除氧器33和高压加热器34，汽轮机组的汽轮机低压缸3的排汽口与凝结器30的进汽口连接，供热抽汽管道的出汽口与混合加热器22的进汽口连接，冷却塔29用于向凝结器30中输入低温水，将蒸汽冷凝成水，凝结器30的出水口通过凝结水泵31、低压加热器32、除氧器33与高压加热器34连接省煤器13的进水口，即凝结器30的出水口与凝结水泵31的进水口连接，凝结水泵31的出水口与低压加热器32的进水口连接，低压加热器32的出水口与除氧器33的进水口连接，除氧器33的出水口与高压加热器34的进水口连接，高压加热器34的出水口与省煤器13的进水口连接。The cogeneration unit also includes a condenser 30, a cooling tower 29, a condensate pump 31, a low-pressure heater 32, a deaerator 33 and a high-pressure heater 34. The exhaust port of the low-pressure cylinder 3 of the steam turbine unit is connected to the steam inlet of the condenser 30, and the steam outlet of the heat extraction pipeline is connected to the steam inlet of the mixing heater 22. The cooling tower 29 is used to input low-temperature water into the condenser 30 to condense the steam into water. The water outlet of the condenser 30 is connected to the low-pressure cylinder 3 of the steam turbine unit through the condensate pump 31, the low-pressure cylinder 3 of the steam turbine unit, and the steam outlet of the heat extraction pipeline is connected to the steam inlet of the mixing heater 22. The heater 32, the deaerator 33 and the high-pressure heater 34 are connected to the water inlet of the economizer 13, that is, the water outlet of the condenser 30 is connected to the water inlet of the condensate pump 31, the water outlet of the condensate pump 31 is connected to the water inlet of the low-pressure heater 32, the water outlet of the low-pressure heater 32 is connected to the water inlet of the deaerator 33, the water outlet of the deaerator 33 is connected to the water inlet of the high-pressure heater 34, and the water outlet of the high-pressure heater 34 is connected to the water inlet of the economizer 13.
如图2，电极锅炉17包括高压电极171、锅炉外筒172、锅炉内筒173、锅炉进水口174、锅炉出水口175、排污口176、气压调节阀177、水位计178和温度检测装置179，降压变压器15与高压电极171连接，高压电极171穿入锅炉内筒173中，锅炉内筒173设于锅炉外筒172内，且锅炉外筒172通过循环回路1710与锅炉内筒173连通，锅炉外筒172分别设有锅炉进水口174、锅炉出水口175、排污口176、气压调节阀177、水位计178和温度检测装置179。As shown in FIG2 , the electrode boiler 17 includes a high-voltage electrode 171, a boiler outer tube 172, a boiler inner tube 173, a boiler water inlet 174, a boiler water outlet 175, a sewage outlet 176, an air pressure regulating valve 177, a water level gauge 178 and a temperature detection device 179. The step-down transformer 15 is connected to the high-voltage electrode 171, the high-voltage electrode 171 penetrates into the boiler inner tube 173, the boiler inner tube 173 is arranged in the boiler outer tube 172, and the boiler outer tube 172 is connected to the boiler inner tube 173 through a circulation loop 1710. The boiler outer tube 172 is respectively provided with a boiler water inlet 174, a boiler water outlet 175, a sewage outlet 176, an air pressure regulating valve 177, a water level gauge 178 and a temperature detection device 179.
热电联产机组中，通过燃料锅炉产生的热蒸汽用于驱动汽轮机组做功发电，汽轮机组做功所发电力经升压变压器14汇入电网24，电网24电能经降压变压器15输入电极锅炉17；抽取中压缸和低压缸中部分热蒸汽输入混合加热器22，混合加热器22与热网供水管道26连接，热网供水管道26及热网回水管道25与用户侧换热器连接。In the cogeneration unit, the hot steam generated by the fuel boiler is used to drive the steam turbine unit to generate electricity. The electricity generated by the steam turbine unit is fed into the power grid 24 via the step-up transformer 14. The power from the power grid 24 is input into the electrode boiler 17 via the step-down transformer 15. Part of the hot steam in the medium-pressure cylinder and the low-pressure cylinder is extracted and input into the mixing heater 22. The mixing heater 22 is connected to the heat network water supply pipeline 26. The heat network water supply pipeline 26 and the heat network return water pipeline 25 are connected to the user-side heat exchanger.
如图3，汽轮机组做功所发电力经升压变压器14汇入电网24，电网24电能经降压变压器15输入电极锅炉17，将电能转换为热能，热电联产机组新增最大下调峰容量CP：As shown in Figure 3, the power generated by the steam turbine unit is fed into the power grid 24 via the step-up transformer 14. The power from the power grid 24 is fed into the electrode boiler 17 via the step-down transformer 15 to convert the power into heat. The maximum down-regulation peak capacity C P of the cogeneration unit is:
CP＝CEB+kηEBCEB C P = C EB + kη EB C EB
其中，CEB为电极锅炉17容量，ηEB为电极锅炉17的电转热效率，k为机组热电特性曲线斜率。Wherein, C EB is the capacity of the electrode boiler 17, η EB is the electricity-to-heat efficiency of the electrode boiler 17, and k is the slope of the unit's thermoelectric characteristic curve.
该种基于电极锅炉蓄热的热电解耦系统，经省煤器13预热后的给水在水冷壁8中转换为水蒸气，再流经过热器进入汽轮机高压缸1膨胀做功，经第一级膨胀后通过再热器11对蒸汽进行再加热处理，从而提高机组工作效率；电极锅炉17通过锅炉侧供水管及锅炉侧回水管与热水蓄热罐19连接，热水蓄热罐19通过蓄热罐侧供水管道20和蓄热罐侧回水管道21与热网连接，热网通过热用户侧回水管道2327及热用户侧回水管道23与热用户侧换热器28连接。本发明利用电极锅炉17能够直接将电能转换为热能的特性，可以改变热电联产机组“以热定电”的运行方式，实现热电解耦，同时满足对外供热和供电的需求，提高机组的灵活性及电网24对新能源的消纳能力。In this thermoelectric decoupling system based on the heat storage of the electrode boiler, the feed water preheated by the economizer 13 is converted into water vapor in the water-cooled wall 8, and then flows through the reheater to enter the high-pressure cylinder 1 of the steam turbine to expand and do work. After the first stage of expansion, the steam is reheated by the reheater 11, thereby improving the working efficiency of the unit; the electrode boiler 17 is connected to the hot water thermal storage tank 19 through the boiler side water supply pipe and the boiler side return pipe, and the hot water thermal storage tank 19 is connected to the heat network through the thermal storage tank side water supply pipe 20 and the thermal storage tank side return pipe 21, and the heat network is connected to the heat user side heat exchanger 28 through the heat user side return pipe 2327 and the heat user side return pipe 23. The present invention utilizes the characteristic that the electrode boiler 17 can directly convert electrical energy into thermal energy, which can change the "heat-to-electricity" operation mode of the cogeneration unit, realize thermoelectric decoupling, and meet the needs of external heat and power supply at the same time, improve the flexibility of the unit and the power grid 24's ability to absorb new energy.
该种基于电极锅炉蓄热的热电解耦系统，合理设计了电极锅炉17蓄热系统消纳过剩电力，使机组在供热期间的实际发电负荷可以不用降至过低，在机组保持较高发电负荷的同时，采暖抽汽供热能力不至于降至过低，加上电极锅炉17补充的部分热量，能够满足热网热负荷的需求，实现机组的深度调峰热电解耦。This thermoelectric decoupling system based on electrode boiler heat storage has a reasonable design of the electrode boiler 17 heat storage system to absorb excess electricity, so that the actual power generation load of the unit does not need to drop too low during the heating period. While the unit maintains a relatively high power generation load, the heating steam extraction heating capacity does not drop too low. In addition, the partial heat supplemented by the electrode boiler 17 can meet the thermal load demand of the heating network and realize the deep peak-shaving thermoelectric decoupling of the unit.
如图4，以某350MW超临界一次中间再热间接空冷抽汽凝汽式汽轮发电机4机组为算例对象，采用单炉膛平衡通风和全钢架悬吊结构直流煤粉锅炉，机组额定抽汽量为380t/h，最大抽汽量为550t/h，机组供热量调节范围为0—400MW，发电出力可调节范围为140—388MW，配置容量为2×80MW的电极锅炉17和容量为1000MW的热水蓄热罐19，可以看出，随着电极锅炉17负荷的增大，机组新增下调峰空间逐渐增加。实例表明，电极锅炉17蓄热参与热电联产机组热电调峰，能够利用电极锅炉17消纳电网24过剩电量，从而实现热电解耦，同时为新能源消纳提供空间。As shown in Figure 4, a 350MW supercritical single intermediate reheat indirect air-cooled extraction condensing steam turbine generator 4 unit is used as the calculation object. A single furnace balanced ventilation and all-steel frame suspension structure DC pulverized coal boiler is used. The rated steam extraction capacity of the unit is 380t/h, the maximum steam extraction capacity is 550t/h, the unit heat supply adjustment range is 0-400MW, the power output can be adjusted in the range of 140-388MW, and the electrode boiler 17 with a capacity of 2×80MW and the hot water storage tank 19 with a capacity of 1000MW are configured. It can be seen that with the increase of the load of the electrode boiler 17, the newly added down-peaking space of the unit gradually increases. The example shows that the heat storage of the electrode boiler 17 participates in the thermal peak regulation of the cogeneration unit, and the electrode boiler 17 can be used to consume the excess power of the power grid 24, thereby realizing thermal and electrical decoupling, and providing space for the consumption of new energy.
该种基于电极锅炉蓄热的热电解耦系统，通过热电联产机组对不同品质的能量进行梯级利用，温度较高的、具有较大可用能的热能被用来发电，温度较低的低品位热能则被用来供热，同时利用电极锅炉17将电能直接转换为热能，以补充机组供热能力不足部分，打破热电联产机组“以热定电”的运行模式，实现热电解耦。This thermoelectric decoupling system based on electrode boiler heat storage utilizes energy of different qualities in a cascade through the cogeneration unit. Thermal energy with higher temperature and greater available energy is used for power generation, while thermal energy with lower temperature and lower quality is used for heating. At the same time, the electrode boiler 17 is used to directly convert electrical energy into thermal energy to supplement the insufficient heating capacity of the unit, breaking the "heat-to-electricity" operation mode of the cogeneration unit and realizing thermoelectric decoupling.
该种基于电极锅炉蓄热的热电解耦系统，采用电极锅炉17蓄热对热电联产机组进行热电解耦改造，通过电极锅炉17消耗部分电量，使机组可以在供热期间的实际发电负荷可以不用降至过低，加上电极锅炉17补充的部分热量，能够满足热网热负荷的需求，若再结合调峰补偿，则使得机组能够具有客观的收益，既增加了新能源消纳空间，同时能够提高电厂参与调峰的积极性。This thermoelectric decoupling system based on electrode boiler heat storage uses the electrode boiler 17 to store heat to carry out thermoelectric decoupling transformation on the cogeneration unit. The electrode boiler 17 consumes part of the electricity, so that the actual power generation load of the unit during the heating period does not need to be reduced too low. In addition, the partial heat supplemented by the electrode boiler 17 can meet the thermal load demand of the heating network. If combined with peak-shaving compensation, the unit can have objective benefits, which not only increases the space for new energy consumption, but also improves the enthusiasm of power plants to participate in peak-shaving.
上面结合附图对本发明的实施方式作了详细说明，但是本发明并不限于上述实施方式，在本领域普通技术人员所具备的知识范围内，还可以在不脱离本发明宗旨的前提下做出各种变化。The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes can be made within the knowledge scope of ordinary technicians in this field without departing from the purpose of the present invention.
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