CN117837442B - Seedling cultivation and planting method for drynaria spores - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of plant cultivation, in particular to a drynaria spore seedling cultivation method. The method comprises the steps of raising seedlings by using drynaria spores, selecting a pinus massoniana forest land south slope, a pinus massoniana forest east slope and a pinus west slope section which are more than 10 years old in white sand and tree age, enabling the thickness of humic substances to be 10 cm-20 cm, enabling the soil to be red loam, adjusting the light transmittance of the soil to be 30% -40% through the dense and whole branches in a planting area, cleaning the hybrid grass and dried branches in the forests, ploughing to 20 cm-30 cm, applying organic fertilizer according to 2000 kg-3000 kg/mu, rotary tillage, leveling and ridging, planting seedlings in planting holes, evenly covering pinus massoniana needles which naturally fall around the seedlings, watering for one time, managing the water fertilizer and preventing and controlling diseases and insect pests, and digging out stem blocks. The method has the advantages that the fresh weight of the single plant of the crushed plant block stem is high, and the content of naringin serving as a secondary metabolite is higher than the pharmacopoeia standard.

Description

Seedling cultivation and planting method for drynaria spores

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of plant cultivation, in particular to a drynaria spore seedling cultivation method.

Background

Rhizoma Drynariae is also called herba Drynariae, and is a plant of genus Dryopteris of family Dryopteridaceae. Rhizoma Drynariae is prepared from rhizome, contains flavonoid, phenylpropanoids, phenolic acids, triterpenes, volatile oil, etc., wherein dihydroflavonoid represented by naringin is used as main ingredient of rhizoma Drynariae, and has effects of promoting blood circulation, promoting wound, invigorating kidney, and strengthening bone. The wild drynaria plants are mostly attached to trunks or stones at the altitude of 100 m-1200 m, are a group of typical and specialized attached ferns, and along with the continuous increase of the consumption of the drynaria drugs, the market demand is difficult to be met by the wild resources alone, and the artificial planting technology of the drynaria is imperative. Compared with wild rhizoma drynariae, the biomass of the rhizomes of the artificially planted rhizoma drynariae and the accumulation of secondary metabolites are slow, and the quality of the rhizoma drynariae is poor. In addition, the method for propagating the drynaria seedlings in the prior art also has the problems of sparse spore germination, slow original She Tisheng growth speed, low survival rate after seedling transplanting and the like.

Disclosure of Invention

Based on the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method for cultivating drynaria spores, which comprises the steps of firstly cultivating the spores to obtain a large number of drynaria seedlings, wherein the spore germination process is neat, the growth of the primary leaf body is faster, the seedling condition is strong, the seedling cultivation time is short, the obtained drynaria seedlings are planted under the forest, the fresh weight of the single plant of the drynaria tuberosa tuberous stems is high, and the naringin content of the secondary metabolite is higher than the pharmacopoeia standard.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

A drynaria spore seedling cultivation method comprises the following steps:

(1) Culturing spores, namely culturing seedlings by using drynaria spores;

(2) Selecting a forest land, namely selecting a pinus massoniana forest land south slope, an eastern south slope and a southwest slope of the Hangxian white sand town tree age of more than 10 years, wherein the thickness of humic substances is 10 cm-20 cm, the soil is red loam, and the light transmittance of a planting area under the forest is adjusted to be 30% -40% through dense pruning;

(3) Soil preparation and ridging, namely cleaning the dried branches of weeds in the forests, ploughing the weeds to a ploughing depth of 20 cm-30 cm, applying organic fertilizer according to 2000 kg-3000 kg/mu, and rotary tillage, leveling and ridging;

The organic fertilizer comprises, by weight, 40-60 parts of crop straws, 25-40 parts of livestock manure, 15-30 parts of mushroom residues, 10-20 parts of porous humidity-regulating matrix and 0.1-0.5 part of EM microbial inoculum;

(4) Digging and transplanting, namely digging planting holes in the planting ridge in the middle ten days of 4 months to the upper ten days of 5 months, planting rhizoma drynariae seedlings into the planting holes, uniformly covering the periphery of the seedlings with pinus massoniana which naturally falls off, and watering for one time to permeate water;

(5) Daily management, namely weeding, water and fertilizer management and pest control;

(6) Harvesting, namely harvesting and digging out stem blocks.

The red soil pinus massoniana woodland resources rich in the Longyan are utilized to develop an under-forest intensive rhizoma drynariae cultivation mode, the tree can provide a scattered light environment for rhizoma drynariae, and the pinus massoniana pine needles contain volatile oil and tannic acid, so that growth and propagation of plant pathogenic bacteria and pests can be inhibited, and diseases and pests can be reduced. Lime is scattered before seedling transplanting to regulate the acidity of soil, reduce the content of harmful substances in the soil, improve the permeability and water retention of the soil, increase the nutrient absorption capacity of crops, and promote the growth of soil microorganisms by calcium element. The organic fertilizer crop straw can increase the organic matter content, improve the soil structure, improve the water retention and air permeability of the soil, strengthen the soil fertility and promote the plant growth. The livestock manure and the mushroom residues can increase the fertility and organic matter content of soil and the nutrient elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and the like, and play a role in promoting the formation of soil aggregate structures, improving the air permeability of a coating, promoting the activity of microorganisms, promoting the growth of plants and improving the yield. The porous humidity-regulating matrix plays a role in regulating the growing water environment of the drynaria plants, is water-retaining and breathable, and can remarkably improve the survival rate of the drynaria forests and the weight of the drynaria blocks and stems. The EM bacteria can promote the growth and propagation of beneficial microorganisms in soil, improve the soil structure and air permeability, improve the soil fertility and the water retention capacity, and reduce the content of harmful substances in the soil, thereby promoting the growth of plants.

Further, the method further comprises the step of carrying out a heart-picking treatment on the plant from 11 to 12 months of the current year of transplanting the plant, and covering 5 cm-10 cm thick pine needles around the plant after the heart-picking treatment for overwintering.

The specific method of the heart picking treatment is that 2-3 new leaves in the center of the plant are sheared off near the root of the plant in the middle ten days of 11 months to the upper ten days of 12 months. The temperature is lower in winter under natural environment, tender leaves in the center of the plant are removed, thick pine needles are covered, the frostbite of the plant can be reduced, the survival rate of the plant under the forest is improved, and the planting result shows that the fresh weight of the rhizome of drynaria and the naringin content can be obviously improved by pinching.

Further, lime is scattered into the cleaned forest land according to 20 kg-40 kg/mu before the tillage in the step (3).

Further, the porous humidity-regulating matrix comprises the following preparation raw materials, by weight, 30-50 parts of rice hull ash, 2-5 parts of seaweed powder, 0.5-2 parts of potassium polyacrylate and 0.1-1 part of dilute phosphoric acid.

Further, the preparation method of the porous humidity-regulating matrix comprises the steps of adding 20 parts of rice hull ash into 100 parts of water according to parts by weight, fully dispersing, adding 5 parts of seaweed powder, 1 part of potassium polyacrylate and 0.5 part of dilute phosphoric acid, stirring at 60-80 ℃ for 2-4 hours, adding 20 parts of rice hull ash, stirring and mixing for 30 minutes, granulating, and drying.

The porous humidity-regulating substrate takes rice hull ash with a porous structure as a carrier, the content of potassium, calcium and magnesium in the rice hull ash is rich, the soil fertility can be improved, the pH value is regulated, the rice hull ash, seaweed powder, potassium polyacrylate and dilute phosphoric acid are subjected to stirring reaction to prepare a porous humidity-regulating particle structure, the effects of improving fertilizer efficiency, retaining water and regulating humidity are achieved, a proper water environment is provided for plants, and the planting test result shows that the survival rate and fresh weight of rhizomes planted under the drynaria fortunei can be improved.

Further, the crop straw in the step (3) is at least one selected from soybean straw, rice straw, rape straw and corn straw.

Further, the spore seedling method comprises the following steps:

S1, preparing and sterilizing a matrix, namely filling the prepared humidity-regulating seedling matrix into a cotton bag for high-temperature high-pressure sterilization;

s2, matrix dishing, namely paving sterilized seedling culture matrixes into a seedling culture tray, wherein the length of the seedling culture tray is 465mm, the width is 335mm, and the height is 85mm;

S3, sowing, namely adding the drynaria spores into purified water according to the proportion of 1000mg/L, shaking up the drynaria spores fully, regulating the nozzle of the watering can to be the thinnest, uniformly spraying the drynaria spores on the surface of a prepared substrate, controlling the sowing amount of 1 seedling raising basin to 70-80 mg, and carrying out daily culture management until spores germinate;

S4, gametophyte stage culture management, namely observing the growth state of spores after germination, and soaking water once after the spermatid and the neck ovum device are formed so as to facilitate the combination of sperms and eggs to form sporophyte seedlings.

And S5, in the stage of culturing the sporophytes, seedling separation and transplanting are carried out when the sporophyte seedlings have the length of 2 mm-4 mm of the first true leaves, the seedlings are transplanted to 50-hole trays by forceps, and the seedlings are cultured in a temperature control greenhouse until the seedlings are cultured to 3 cm-5 cm.

Further, the humidity-regulating seedling raising matrix comprises, by weight, 60-70 parts of pine wood dust powder, 5-20 parts of a porous humidity-regulating matrix and 20-30 parts of river sand, wherein the grain size of the matrix is below 6 mm.

Further, the porous humidity-regulating matrix used in the seedling matrix comprises, by weight, 30-50 parts of rice hull ash, 0-5 parts of seaweed powder, 0.5-2 parts of potassium polyacrylate and 0.1-1 part of dilute phosphoric acid, wherein the river sand has a particle size of 0.35-0.5 mm.

Further, the harvesting method is that harvesting and digging out the stem blocks are carried out in the middle of 11 th to 12 th of 2 nd to 3 rd of 11 th of the forestation.

The daily management of the application is used for weeding, water and fertilizer management and pest control, and the conventional method is used for weeding, water and fertilizer management and pest control;

The water and fertilizer management method comprises the steps of watering 1 time in 1-2 days in summer, wherein watering is performed in the morning and evening every day, noon watering is forbidden, particularly when sunlight is strong, the substrate is kept moist in principle, the growth season is correspondingly supplemented according to the local rainfall period and rainfall, watering is reduced in winter, and the quick-acting liquid fertilizer is applied for 800 times every 3 months when watering is performed once every week;

Pest control, namely, less pest in woodland planting, if termites are found, 1% fipronil termite powder can be adopted for spraying after transplanting in spring and summer.

And the weeding management is mainly manual weeding, and chemical herbicide is avoided.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. The red soil masson pine woodland resources rich in the Longyan are utilized to develop an under-forest intensive rhizoma drynariae cultivation mode, the masson pine woods can provide a scattered light environment required by the growth of the rhizoma drynariae, a wild-simulated cultivation environment is provided for the rhizoma drynariae, the quality of the rhizoma drynariae planting is improved, the under-forest planting can also reduce the equipment and facility investment of greenhouse planting, and the method has high economic value.

2. The organic fertilizer composition is improved, lime is scattered in the soil during soil preparation to regulate the acidity of soil, harmful microorganisms are reduced, crop straws and livestock manure are applied to the organic fertilizer to increase the soil fertilizer efficiency, the soil air permeability is improved, mushroom residues promote the formation of soil aggregate structures to further improve the fertilizer efficiency, the formation of the soil aggregate structures is promoted, the porous humidity regulating matrix can play a role in growing water environment of plants, water retention and air permeability are realized, and the survival rate of the planting under the drynaria forests and the fresh weight of the drynaria rhizome are obviously improved.

3. In the middle ten days of 11 months to 12 months of the current year of plant transplanting, the rhizoma drynariae is subjected to heart picking and heat preservation, thick pine needles are covered, the plant frostbite can be reduced, the plant survival rate is improved, and the planting result shows that the heart picking can also remarkably improve the fresh weight of the rhizome of the rhizoma drynariae and the naringin content.

4. The method has the advantages that the drynaria spores are prepared and improved, pine needles with rich local sources of the borneol and pine wood processing waste pine barks are adopted as raw materials, after the pine needles and pine wood processing waste pine barks are fermented and decomposed by EM bacteria, porous humidity-regulating matrixes and river sand are added, the prepared matrixes are loose in soil texture, water-retaining, breathable, water-fixing and humidity-regulating, and compared with the common seedling matrixes, the drynaria spores germinate fast, the green and non-yellowing growth condition of the leaves of the protophyll is good, and the growth speed is fast.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention, and the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.

The methods are conventional methods unless otherwise specified, and the starting materials are commercially available from the public sources unless otherwise specified.

EXAMPLE 1 seedling of Drynariae spore

Seedling test was performed in culture room and temperature control greenhouse of Fujian and Kangyazhi technologies, and 4 test groups and 2 control groups were set. The test group 1 adopts a humidity-adjusting seedling substrate 1, the test group 2 adopts a humidity-adjusting seedling substrate 2, the test group 3 adopts a humidity-adjusting seedling substrate 3, the test group 4 adopts a humidity-adjusting seedling substrate 4, the control group 1 adopts a seedling substrate 5, and the control group 2 adopts commercial 0-6 mm toepping sphagnum. 3 seedling trays were set for each of the 4 test groups and the 2 control groups.

The preparation method of the seedling substrate comprises the following steps:

The preparation method of the humidity-regulating seedling substrate 1 comprises the steps of fully and uniformly mixing 65 parts of pine wood dust powder, 10 parts of porous humidity-regulating substrate and 25 parts of river sand according to parts by weight, and crushing the mixture to a specification of 0 mm-6 mm. The pine needle wood dust powder is prepared by collecting pine needles which naturally fall from pine forest, sun-drying the pine needles, crushing the pine needles into small sections of about 8-10 mm, collecting pine bark of pine tree processing waste, sun-drying the pine bark, crushing the pine needles into small particles of about 8-10 mm, putting the processed pine needles and pine bark into a black plastic bag layer by layer according to the mass ratio of 100:30, paving a layer of pine needles at the bottom of the bag, paving a layer of pine bark, uniformly spraying 100 times of dilution liquid of EM bacteria after paving, repeating the steps for a plurality of times until the plastic bag is filled, pricking a bag opening, controlling the bag opening to be 50%, stacking the plastic bag at a warm place, and fermenting for 3-6 months until the plastic bag is completely decomposed for later use. The porous humidity-regulating matrix is prepared through adding 20 portions of rice hull ash into 100 portions of water, dispersing, adding 5 portions of seaweed powder, 1 portion of potassium polyacrylate and 0.5 portion of dilute phosphoric acid (10%), stirring at 80 deg.c for 3 hr, adding 20 portions of rice hull ash, stirring for 30min, pelletizing and drying.

The humidity-regulating seedling substrate 2 is different from the humidity-regulating seedling substrate 1 in that the porous humidity-regulating substrate in the formula is 20 parts.

The humidity-regulating seedling substrate 3 is different from the humidity-regulating seedling substrate 1 in that the preparation method of the porous humidity-regulating substrate in the formula comprises the steps of adding 20 parts of rice hull ash into 100 parts of water according to parts by weight, fully dispersing, adding 2 parts of seaweed powder, 2 parts of potassium polyacrylate and 0.5 part of dilute phosphoric acid (10%), stirring for 3 hours at 80 ℃, adding 20 parts of rice hull ash, stirring, mixing for 30 minutes, granulating and drying.

The humidity-regulating seedling substrate 4 is different from the humidity-regulating seedling substrate 1 in that the porous humidity-regulating substrate does not contain seaweed powder in the formula.

The humidity-regulating seedling substrate 5 is different from the humidity-regulating seedling substrate 1 in that the formula adopts the same amount of rice hull ash to replace the porous humidity-regulating substrate.

The seedling raising method of the drynaria spores is as follows:

S1, pouring the prepared matrix into a preparation barrel, stirring until the matrix is dispersed and has no large aggregates, adding water, stirring uniformly until the matrix can be agglomerated by holding, falling to the dispersing degree, then filling the pre-wetted matrix into a cotton cloth bag, packing, not compacting, keeping the matrix loose, facilitating subsequent sterilization, sealing a bag mouth after filling, sterilizing for 40min at 121 ℃ by adopting a sterilizing pot, and naturally reducing pressure and cooling after sterilization.

And S2, sterilizing the substrate by an ultraviolet lamp in advance for 60 minutes each time, uniformly paving the sterilized substrate into a seedling tray with a water-permeable bottom, which is 465mm long, 335mm wide and 85mm high, in the operation room, properly compacting to enable the substrate to be flat and compact, enabling the thickness of the substrate to be about 3cm, soaking the substrate in a tray filled with purified water thoroughly, filtering out excessive water, and sterilizing the substrate by the ultraviolet lamp for 1 hour.

S3, adding the drynaria spores into purified water according to the proportion of 1000mg/L, shaking up the drynaria spores fully, regulating the nozzle of the watering can to be thinnest, uniformly spraying the drynaria spores on the surface of a prepared substrate, controlling the seeding amount of 1 seedling pot to be about 75mg, wiping off the water at the edge of the cultivation pot, covering glass, transferring the drynaria spores to a cultivation room for cultivation (the cultivation room is disinfected once in the morning and evening by an ultraviolet lamp for 60 minutes each time 1 day in advance), and carrying out daily cultivation management until spores germinate.

The daily culture management adopts a light supplementing lamp to supplement light, the illumination condition is 100 mu mol/m ² & s, the illumination period is 12h/d, the temperature of a culture room is controlled at 26+/-2 ℃, and the relative humidity of air is 60% -80%. If more glass water drops are needed to be placed obliquely when the sowing is performed for about one week, so that the situation that the substrate pothole spores cannot germinate due to the fact that the glass water drops fall is avoided, the substrate pothole spores are placed obliquely for 3-7 days, if the substrate pothole spores are placed obliquely, a plurality of water drops are placed obliquely for a few days, the substrate pothole spores are placed obliquely, and meanwhile, the humidity change of the substrate is checked, and the substrate pothole spores are adjusted timely.

And S4, gametophyte stage culture management, namely observing the growth state of spores after germination, and soaking water once after the formation of a sperm cell and a neck ovum cell so as to facilitate the combination of sperms and eggs to form sporophyte seedlings.

S5, transplanting seedlings in a seedling dividing mode when the first true leaves of the sporophyte seedlings are 2-4 mm long, transplanting the seedlings to 50-hole trays by forceps, culturing the seedlings in a temperature control greenhouse until the seedlings reach 3-5 cm, controlling the transparency of the temperature control greenhouse to be 50-60%, controlling the temperature to be 20-28 ℃, and controlling the relative air humidity to be 60-80%.

Counting and recording growth conditions of each stage of seedlings, wherein spore germination time is based on visible filiform body formation, full-disc seedling germination condition is based on clear observation of two leaves, growth and development conditions of the leaf bodies are observed, seedling raising time is recorded (from seeding to 90% survival seedlings to 4+/-1 cm), seedling qualification rate is multiplied by 100% according to qualified strong seedling quantity of the hole basin/total quantity of the hole seedlings, and recording results are shown in table 1.

TABLE 1

As shown in Table 1, in the method for growing seedlings of Drynariae spores, the test group 1-4 of the Drynariae spores germinate faster than the control group 1-2, the leaf blades of the protoleaf bodies are emerald green and grow without yellowing, the growth speed is fast, the seedling growing time is fast, and the test group 2 is the best. It can be seen from the combination of the test group 4 and the test group 1 that the seaweed meal in the porous humidity-regulating matrix can improve the growth speed of seedlings, the leaves of the former leaf body are emerald green, and the survival rate is improved.

EXAMPLE 2 drynaria planting

The method comprises the steps of selecting a pinus massoniana forest land south slope with age of 10 years or more in white sand town county as a test point, wherein the thickness of humic substances is 10 cm-20 cm, the soil is red loam, the soil under the soil is collected by about 10cm, the pH of the test soil is 4.9, the organic matters are 27.5g/kg, the total nitrogen is 1.76g/kg, the total phosphorus is 0.39g/kg, the total potassium is 10.5g/kg, the soil is relatively barren and the pH is lower, and the light transmittance under the forest is adjusted to be 30% -40% by the density pruning in a planting area. 3 test groups and 3 control groups are arranged in the drynaria planting test, the test groups I-III and the control group I are planted under the forest, the control groups II-III are planted by using sunshade, 3 planting ridges are respectively arranged on each test group and each control group, the test seedlings are robust seedlings with uniform growth conditions and cultivated by the test group 2 of the embodiment 1, and the under-forest planting method of the test groups I-III and the control group I is as follows:

S1, land preparation, namely cleaning the inter-forest hybrid grass branches, scattering lime according to 30 kg/mu, deep turning to a depth of 20 cm-30 cm, applying organic fertilizer according to 2500 kg/mu after 5 days, rotary tillage, leveling to form ridges with an east-west width of 1m and a north-south length of 3m according to mountain topography, and a ridge surface height of 20cm;

The organic fertilizer adopted by the test groups I-II is prepared by fully and uniformly mixing 50 parts of soybean straw, 30 parts of decomposed cow dung, 20 parts of mushroom residues, 20 parts of porous humidity-regulating matrix and 0.3 part of EM microbial inoculum according to parts by weight. The porous humidity-regulating matrix is prepared through dispersing rice husk ash 20 weight portions in water 100 weight portions, adding seaweed powder 5 weight portions, potassium polyacrylate 1 weight portions and dilute phosphoric acid 0.5 weight portions, stirring at 80 deg.c for 3 hr, adding rice husk ash 20 weight portions, stirring for 30min, pelletizing and drying.

The organic fertilizer adopted in the test group III and the control group I is prepared by fully and uniformly mixing 50 parts of soybean straw, 30 parts of decomposed cow dung, 20 parts of mushroom residues and 0.3 part of EM microbial inoculum according to parts by weight.

S2, digging holes for transplanting, namely digging planting holes on planting ridges at the temperature of 18-24 ℃ in the middle ten days of 4 months to the upper ten days of 5 months, planting rhizoma drynariae seedlings into the planting holes at the hole spacing of 20cm, uniformly covering the periphery of the seedlings with 2cm thick pinus massoniana naturally falling pinus, and watering for one time to permeate water;

S3, daily management, namely weeding the drynaria rhizome, water and fertilizer management and pest control according to a conventional method;

and S4, carrying out core picking treatment, namely picking 2-3 new leaves at the center of the plant in the period from 11 to 12 in the middle of the current year of transplanting the plant to the forest, and covering 5-10 cm thick pine needles around the plant after core picking for overwintering.

Test groups I and III were subjected to the heart-picking treatment, and test group II and control group I were not subjected to the heart-picking treatment:

S5, harvesting, namely harvesting and digging out stem blocks in the middle 11 th to the upper 12 th of the 2 nd year of the understory planting.

A control group II-III sunshade greenhouse planting method comprises the steps of selecting a leeward and sunny non-shading open area around a forest farm, building a 3m high sunshade, ventilating the periphery, covering black sunshade cloth on the top, leveling the ground, making ridges with the width of 1m in the east-west direction and the length of 3m in the north-south direction, wherein the height of the ridge surface is 20cm, paving black cloth on the ridge surface, arranging basin, and keeping the basin spacing at 20cm. The same method is adopted for daily management (no core picking treatment is carried out), and proper heat preservation is carried out on the surrounding of the sunshade in winter. The matrix adopted in the control group II is 1+10% of the humidity-regulating seedling matrix of the embodiment 1 (directly used without crushing to 0-6 mm), and the matrix adopted in the control group III is 0-10 mm of toepping peat moss+10% of the decomposed cow dung as the planting matrix.

The survival rate, the biomass of the rhizomes and the secondary metabolites of the drynaria rhizome planted under the forests of each test group are counted, and the test method and the results are as follows:

Survival rate is that the survival number of drynaria rhizome/the number of drynaria rhizome transplanting strains is multiplied by 100 percent when harvesting;

root biomass (fresh weight) 30 drynaria plants were randomly selected for each test group, and fresh root weight was measured after soil removal and averaged.

The content of secondary metabolite is that the content of the inosine is tested according to the method in Chinese pharmacopoeia, and the test result is shown in table 2:

TABLE 2

Sequence number	Survival (%)	Fresh weight (g/plant)	Naringin (%)
				Test group I	94	85	0.83
Test group II	89	77	0.68
				Test group III	91	81	0.82
Control group I	85	63	0.65
				Control group II	94	68	0.52
Control group III	89	58	0.47

As can be seen from Table 2, compared with the control group II and the control group III, the test groups I-III adopt the rhizoma drynariae planted under the pinus massoniana forest, and compared with the rhizoma drynariae planted in the common sunshade greenhouse, the weight of fresh rhizomes and the naringin content are high, which indicates that the quality of the rhizoma drynariae planted under the pinus massoniana forest is higher. It can be seen from the combination of test group I and test group II that the survival rate of the plant after the heart-picking treatment is improved, and the fresh weight of the root and the naringin content are also higher. It can be seen from the combination of the test group II and the control group I that the survival rate of plants and the fresh weight of the rhizome of the drynaria are higher when the organic fertilizer containing the porous humidity-adjusting matrix is applied in the planting of the drynaria.

It should be noted that the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present application and not for limiting the same, and although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present application may be modified or some technical features may be equivalently replaced, and all the modifications are included in the scope of the technical solution of the present application.

Claims (7)

1. The drynaria spore seedling cultivation planting method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

(1) Culturing spores, namely culturing seedlings by using drynaria spores;

(2) Selecting a forest land, namely selecting a pinus massoniana forest land south slope, an eastern south slope and a southwest slope of the Hangxian white sand town tree age of more than 10 years, wherein the thickness of humic substances is 10 cm-20 cm, the soil is red loam, and the light transmittance of a planting area under the forest is adjusted to be 30% -40% through dense pruning;

(3) Soil preparation and ridging, namely cleaning the dried branches of weeds in the forests, ploughing the weeds to a ploughing depth of 20 cm-30 cm, applying organic fertilizer according to 2000 kg-3000 kg/mu, and rotary tillage, leveling and ridging;

The organic fertilizer comprises, by weight, 40-60 parts of crop straws, 25-40 parts of livestock manure, 15-30 parts of mushroom residues, 10-20 parts of porous humidity-regulating matrix and 0.1-0.5 part of EM microbial inoculum;

(4) Digging and transplanting, namely digging planting holes in the planting ridge in the middle ten days of 4 months to the upper ten days of 5 months, planting rhizoma drynariae seedlings into the planting holes, uniformly covering the periphery of the seedlings with pinus massoniana which naturally falls off, and watering for one time to permeate water;

(5) Daily management, namely weeding, water and fertilizer management and pest control;

(6) Harvesting, namely harvesting and digging out stem blocks;

The preparation method of the porous humidity-regulating matrix comprises the steps of adding 20 parts of rice hull ash into 100 parts of water according to parts by weight, fully dispersing, adding 5 parts of seaweed powder, 1 part of potassium polyacrylate and 0.5 part of dilute phosphoric acid, stirring at 60-80 ℃ for 2-4 hours, adding 20 parts of rice hull ash, stirring and mixing for 30 minutes, granulating and drying to obtain the porous humidity-regulating matrix;

The method further comprises the step of carrying out a heart-picking treatment on the plant from the middle ten days of 11 months to the upper ten days of 12 months of the current year of plant transplanting, and covering 5 cm-10 cm thick pine needles around the plant after the heart-picking treatment for overwintering.

2. The method for cultivating seedlings of drynaria spores according to claim 1, wherein the step (3) is characterized by further comprising the step of scattering lime into the cleaned forest land according to 20 kg-40 kg/mu.

3. The method for cultivating and planting drynaria spores according to claim 1, wherein the crop straw in the step (3) is at least one selected from the group consisting of soybean straw, rice straw, rape straw and corn straw.

4. The method for cultivating and planting drynaria spores according to claim 1, wherein the method for cultivating spores in the step (1) comprises the following steps:

S1, preparing and sterilizing a matrix, namely filling the prepared humidity-regulating seedling matrix into a cotton bag for high-temperature high-pressure sterilization;

s2, matrix dishing, namely paving sterilized seedling culture matrixes into a seedling culture tray, wherein the length of the seedling culture tray is 465mm, the width is 335mm, and the height is 85mm;

S3, sowing, namely adding the drynaria spores into purified water according to the proportion of 1000mg/L, shaking up the drynaria spores fully, regulating the nozzle of the watering can to be the thinnest, uniformly spraying the drynaria spores on the surface of a prepared substrate, controlling the sowing amount of 1 seedling raising basin to 70-80 mg, and carrying out daily culture management until spores germinate;

s4, gametophyte stage culture management, namely observing the growth state of spores after germination, and soaking water once after a sperm device and a neck ovum device are formed so as to facilitate the combination of sperms and eggs to form sporophyte seedlings;

And S5, in the stage of culturing the sporophytes, seedling separation and transplanting are carried out when the sporophyte seedlings have the length of 2 mm-4 mm of the first true leaves, the seedlings are transplanted to 50-hole trays by forceps, and the seedlings are cultured in a temperature control greenhouse until the seedlings are cultured to 3 cm-5 cm.

5. The method for cultivating the drynaria spores to grow seedlings according to claim 4, wherein the humidity-regulating seedling culture substrate S1 comprises, by weight, 60-70 parts of pine wood dust powder, 5-20 parts of a porous humidity-regulating substrate, 20-30 parts of river sand and the particle size of the substrate is less than 6 mm.

6. The method for cultivating seedlings of drynaria spores is characterized in that the porous humidifying matrix used in the seedling matrix comprises, by weight, 30-50 parts of rice hull ash, 0-5 parts of seaweed powder, 0.5-2 parts of potassium polyacrylate and 0.1-1 part of dilute phosphoric acid, and the river sand has a particle size of 0.35-0.5 mm.

7. The method for cultivating and planting drynaria spores according to claim 1, wherein the harvesting method in the step (6) is to harvest and dig out stem blocks in the last ten days of 12 months from 2 nd year to 3 rd year 11 th month of the understory planting of drynaria.