CN117803140A - A kind of stadium curved special-shaped metal roof and construction method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention proposes a curved special-shaped metal roof for a stadium, which includes a plurality of roof units arranged along the circumference of the stadium. The roof units are provided with gutter units. The roof units include profile roof units with special-shaped curved surfaces. Endurance board roofing units and perforated aluminum veneer roofing units, the eaves of the roofing units are provided with inner eaves edge closing units; a construction method for a stadium curved special-shaped metal roof, including steps S1-S18. The roof and the main steel structure of the stadium are adjustable and connected with purlins, purlin supports and keels, which can adapt to heterogeneous curved surfaces, making the roof installation easier and more flexible. The curvature and fit of the existing endurance boards and profile keels were analyzed based on the model. , based on the BIM information model, coordinate positioning extraction, customized software to export three-dimensional coordinates, generate on-site installation control coordinates, use the BIM information model to collaboratively deepen the design, and pre-cut all components to improve processing accuracy and shorten the construction period.

Description

A kind of stadium curved special-shaped metal roof and construction method

Technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of roof construction, and in particular to a curved special-shaped metal roof of a stadium and a construction method thereof.

Background technique

Stadiums often have complex curved shapes, which requires that the roof or covering must adapt to these heterogeneous curves. Metal roofs are a common roof type because of their durability, aesthetics, and resistance to corrosion. However, installing metal roofs on heterogeneous curved surfaces is a challenging task, and the following technical issues need to be considered:

1. Curved surface adaptability: Heterosexual curved surfaces may have multiple slopes and angles, and traditional metal roof installation methods may not be able to adapt to these curves, resulting in installation problems and possible water leakage;

2. Structural support: To ensure a stable installation of the metal roof, it is necessary to consider the support structure under the curved surface and how to adjust and customize the support to accommodate the curved surface;

3. Waterproofing and sealing: The seams and connection points of curved metal roofs require special attention to ensure water tightness and avoid rainwater penetration.

At present, there are existing technologies for installing metal roofs on special-shaped curved surfaces. The traditional method is to manually process the metal plates on site to adapt to the shape of the curved surfaces, but there are the following problems:

1. It is impossible to ensure a smooth transition of the overall shape and appearance of the roof and to match the architectural effect. It has a poor effect on the smoothness of the skin's grid lines and keels. Most can only be viewed from a distance, and drones cannot be used for close-up photography;

2. The overall effect of the finished surface of the profile roof and perforated aluminum veneer, the overall flatness of the board surface, and the straightness of the size of the detailed partitions are different in size. The partition size and shape fitting of the endurance board cannot be guaranteed. Smooth transition. Since the roof shape is mainly controlled by purlins, purlin installation is the basis for the installation of the entire roof system. The accuracy of its installation will directly affect the quality of the entire roof system, and the installation accuracy is difficult to control;

3. Hyperbolic roofs mostly have a wavy shape, and there are many types of panel specifications for non-perforated aluminum veneers. Perforated aluminum veneers have different perforation rates, non-uniform perforation styles, and various processing sizes. The workload of issuing processing drawings is large and the processing speed is slow;

4. The waterproof and sealing performance of the roof cannot be guaranteed;

5. The perforated floor is installed with reverse hanging, and the operators need to install it when the purlins are off duty. The roof floor is too long and cannot be installed with an aerial work vehicle. The roof is very high, and the highest point of the roof is above +49.3000m, so machinery cannot carry out the construction.

Therefore, how to effectively improve the installation efficiency and quality of the stadium roof, ensure good waterproofing and sealing of the roof, and improve the durability are technical issues that need to be solved urgently.

Contents of the invention

In view of the deficiencies in the above background technology, the present invention proposes a stadium curved special-shaped metal roof and a construction method, which solves the problems of low installation efficiency, poor quality, and poor waterproofing and sealing of the stadium roof.

The technical solution of this application is:

A stadium curved special-shaped metal roof, including a plurality of roofing units arranged along the circumference of the stadium. The roofing units are provided with gutter units. The roofing units include profile roofing units with special-shaped curved surfaces and endurance board roofs. unit, a perforated aluminum single plate roof unit, and an inner eaves edge closing unit is provided at the eaves of the roof unit.

Further, the lower end of the profile roof unit is connected to the upper end of the perforated aluminum veneer roof unit, and the endurance board roof unit is connected to the left or right side of the endurance board roof unit and the profile roof unit.

Further, the gutter unit includes an inner gutter and an outer gutter provided on the profile roof unit. The profile roof unit and the perforated aluminum veneer roof unit are provided with water conduits, and the inner gutter and The outer gutter is arranged transversely along the roof unit, and the water guide groove is arranged longitudinally along the roof unit.

Further, the inner gutter is arranged at the eaves of the profile roof unit, and the inner eaves edge unit is arranged outside the inner gutter. The inner eaves edge unit includes connected inner eaves keels, Inner cornice aluminum single plate, the inner cornice keel is connected to the main steel structure and the inner gutter.

Further, the installation steps of the profile roof unit are as follows: S201: Install purlin support one and purlin one; S202: Install aluminum veneer purlin support; S203: Install perforated profiled bottom plate; S204: Lay non-woven fabric; S205: Lay Sound-absorbing cotton; S206: Install the supporting profiled steel plate; S207: Lay the vapor barrier film; S208: Lay the rock wool; S209: Lay the TPO flexible waterproof membrane; S2010: Install the aluminum veneer main keel one; S2011: Install the aluminum veneer second Keel 1; S2012: Installation of aluminum veneer.

Further, the installation steps of the endurance board roof unit are as follows: S301: Install the second purlin support, the second purlin, and the second keel; S302: Install the endurance board; S303: Install the pressure plate and buckle cover.

Further, the installation steps of the perforated aluminum veneer roof unit are as follows: S401: Install purlin support 3 and purlin 3; S402: Install aluminum veneer keel 3; S403: Install perforated aluminum veneer.

A construction method for a stadium curved special-shaped metal roof, including the following steps: S1: Use 3D modeling software to deepen the main steel structure and roof skin model according to the design drawings, and perform roof keel modeling in the model. After the design is reviewed and confirmed, the factory will The keel model undergoes pre-processing and pre-assembly testing; S2: Use 3D scanning technology to scan the installation points, review the main steel structure and roof keel points, and import the deviated points into the model again for adjustment; S3: According to The final model is drawn and the material processing of each part is completed; S4: The keels of the inner gutter, outer gutter, and inner cornice are all pre-assembled on the ground, and they are hoisted after the main steel structure is completed; S5: According to the measurement reference points provided, The reference lines and level points shall be reviewed, and comprehensive measurement and setting-out shall be carried out according to the roof layout plan, main structure axis and elevation; S6: The unlifted part of the main steel structure shall first complete the installation of the roof purlins on the ground before hoisting. The main steel structure The lifted part is installed using roof positioning; S7: Connect the main purlins in the profile roof unit, endurance board roof unit, and perforated aluminum veneer roof unit to the roof, and connect the secondary purlins to the main purlin; S8: Connect the profile roof unit The perforated profiled bottom plate is installed between the roof and the main purlin; S9: Set a walking channel on the upper part of the main purlin and the secondary purlin; S10: Lay non-woven fabrics and sound-absorbing cotton on the perforated profiled bottom plate; S11: Place the main purlin and the secondary purlin Install supporting profiled steel plates between the keels; S12: Lay vapor barrier membrane, rock wool, and TPO flexible waterproofing membranes on the supporting profiled steel plates in sequence; S13: Set up a temporary material storage platform on the roof, and combine the profile roofing units and endurance board roofing units. , The keels in the perforated aluminum veneer roof unit are all connected to the roof purlins; S14: Draw the center line on the installed keel, and install the prefabricated aluminum veneer according to the position of the numbered diagram; S15: Install the endurance board Durable panels in the roof unit; S16: The keels of the inner cornice edge unit are assembled into units on the ground and hoisted to the roof for connection; S17: During the construction process, a total station is used to stake out the three-dimensional coordinates of each prefabricated aluminum single panel , mark on the keel, requiring that the four corner points of each prefabricated aluminum veneer coincide with the three-dimensional coordinate stakeout points and be consistent with the three-dimensional coordinate points in the model; S18: The keels of the inner gutter and the outer gutter are assembled on the ground, and then Lift to the roof for connection.

Furthermore, a three-point coordinate control method is used for installation to improve installation accuracy.

Furthermore, the perforated profiled bottom plate and the support profiled steel plate are all beveled when they are connected with adjacent plates to ensure the connection effect at the overlap.

Specific beneficial effects of the present invention include:

1. In the present invention, the main steel structure of the roof and the stadium can be adjusted and connected with purlins, purlin supports and keels, which can adapt to heterogeneous curved surfaces, making the roof installation easier and more flexible. The keels are modeled at the node positions on the model and installed. During the installation process, three-point coordinate control is used to ensure installation accuracy and smoothness of the keel;

3. The present invention uses 3D scanning technology to scan the installation points, import the points into the 3D model, and analyze them with the model keel;

4. The present invention analyzes the curvature and fit of existing endurance boards and profile keels based on the model, and clarifies which plates need to be hot-formed and which need to be cold-bent on site. The model is analyzed. The aluminum profile is a two-way bending shape and needs to be bent. The aluminum profile is heat-processed, and the mold is used to process the shape that matches the endurance board to ensure that the endurance board and aluminum profile are closely adhered to achieve a waterproof effect;

5. This invention uses a three-dimensional laser scanner to perform reverse engineering on the project site to ensure the precise positioning of the canopy and the building structure, in order to reduce the cost of secondary demolition and renovation of the project;

6. The present invention establishes the final exterior skin model of the building, determines the relative positional relationship between the spatial position of the roof, gutter, and inner cornice and the main steel structure, and performs drainage analysis based on the outer contour section provided by the building construction drawing and combined with the steel structure shell model. , fine-tune local areas, optimize the setting of gutters, and reduce the risk of leakage. Calculate the location of gutter expansion joints through the model, calculate the stress due to temperature changes, prevent stress concentration in local locations and cause weld cracks, and ensure smooth water flow. ;

7. This invention is based on the BIM information model, coordinate positioning extraction, customized software to derive three-dimensional coordinates, and generate on-site installation control coordinates. The BIM information model is used to collaboratively deepen the design, and all components are pre-cut and processed to improve processing accuracy and shorten the construction period. , check and calculate the pull-out force of fasteners under the most unfavorable load to ensure that the stress performance of the roof system meets the requirements;

8. The ground pre-assembly processing operation space in the present invention is sufficient, which can save a lot of manpower, and facilitates inspection of the outdoor processing and manufacturing accuracy of components and the ability of interfaces to meet on-site installation needs and standard design requirements, thus leaving problems on the ground to the greatest extent possible. , solve it in time, instead of only discovering the processing accuracy problem of components during on-site installation, which will affect the construction period, reduce the error adjustment time during on-site installation, and create conditions for the overall progress and quality assurance of the project;

9. The present invention minimizes the possibility of safety accidents.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

In order to explain the embodiments of the present invention more clearly, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary people in the art, For technical personnel, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings without exerting creative work.

Fig. 1 is an overall schematic diagram of the present invention;

Figure 2 is a schematic diagram 1 of the roof unit in the present invention;

FIG3 is a schematic diagram 2 of a roof unit in the present invention;

Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the water conduit in the present invention;

Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of measurement deployment and control;

Figure 6 is a top view of the inner cornice edge closing unit;

Fig. 7 is a side view of the inner cornice edge trimming unit;

Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the installation and positioning plane of the aluminum veneer keel;

Figure 9a shows the purlin layout of profile roof units and endurance board roof units;

Figure 9b shows the purlin layout of the perforated aluminum veneer roof unit and endurance board roof unit;

Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of the independent unit partitioning of aluminum veneer;

Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of the connection between the main purlins and secondary purlins in the profile roof unit;

Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of the connection between purlin supports and purlins in the endurance board roof unit;

Figure 13 is a schematic diagram of purlin connections in perforated aluminum veneer roof units;

Figure 14a is a schematic diagram 1 of the partition layout of the roof bottom plate;

Figure 14b is a schematic diagram 2 of the partition arrangement of the roof bottom plate;

Figure 15 is a schematic diagram of the installation node of the roof base plate;

Figure 16 is a schematic diagram of the walking channel;

FIG17 is a schematic diagram of step 1 of installing the profile roof unit;

Figure 18 is a schematic diagram of the installation step 2 of the profile roof unit;

Figure 19 is a schematic diagram of installation step 3 of the profile roof unit;

Figure 20 is a schematic diagram of installation step 4 of the profile roof unit;

Figure 21 is a schematic diagram of installation step 5 of the profile roof unit;

Figure 22 is a schematic diagram of installation step 6 of the profile roof unit;

FIG23 is a schematic diagram of step 7 of installing the profile roof unit;

Figure 24 is a schematic diagram of the installation step 8 of the profile roof unit;

Figure 25 is a schematic diagram of installation step 9 of the profile roof unit;

Figure 26 is a schematic diagram of the installation step 10 of the profile roof unit;

FIG27 is a schematic diagram of the installation step 11 of the profile roof unit;

Figure 28 is a schematic diagram of the installation step 12 of the profile roof unit;

Figure 29 is a schematic diagram of the installation step 1 of the endurance board roof unit;

Figure 30 is a schematic diagram of the installation step 2 of the endurance board roof unit;

Figure 31 is a schematic diagram of the installation step 3 of the endurance board roof unit;

Figure 32 is a schematic diagram of the installation step 1 of the perforated aluminum veneer roof unit;

Figure 33 is a schematic diagram of the installation step 2 of the perforated aluminum veneer roof unit;

FIG. 34 is a schematic diagram of installation step 3 of the perforated aluminum veneer roof unit.

Explanation of reference numbers:

1. Roofing unit; 2. Profile roofing unit; 3. Durable panel roofing unit; 4. Perforated aluminum veneer roofing unit; 5. Inner cornice edge unit; 6. Inner gutter; 7. External gutter; 8. Guidance channel; 9. Inner cornice keel; 10. Inner cornice aluminum veneer; 11. Walking channel; 15. One purlin support; 16. One purlin support; 17. Purlin support; 18. Perforated profiled bottom plate; 19. Non-woven fabric ; 20. Sound-absorbing cotton; 21. Support profiled steel plate; 22. Steam barrier film; 23. Rock wool; 24. TPO; 25. Main keel one; 26. Secondary keel one; 27. Aluminum veneer; 31. Purlin support Two; 32, purlin two; 33, keel two; 34, endurance board; 35, pressure plate; 36, buckle cover; 41, purlin support three; 42, purlin three; 43, keel three; 44, perforated aluminum veneer.

Detailed ways

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without exerting creative efforts fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

A stadium curved special-shaped metal roof, as shown in Figures 1 and 2, includes a plurality of roofing units 1 arranged along the circumference of the stadium. Gutter units are provided on the roofing units 1. The roofing units 1 It includes a profile roof unit 2 with a special-shaped curved surface, a durable board roof unit 3, and a perforated aluminum veneer roof unit 4. The roof unit 1 is provided with an inner eaves edge unit at the eaves.

Based on the above embodiment, as shown in Figure 3, the lower end of the profile roof unit 2 is connected to the upper end of the perforated aluminum veneer roof unit 4, and the endurance panel roof unit 3 is connected to the left or right side of the endurance panel roof unit 3 and the profile roof unit 2.

Based on the above embodiments, as shown in Figures 3 and 4, the gutter unit includes an inner gutter 6 and an outer gutter 7 provided on the profile roof unit 2. The profile roof unit 2 and The perforated aluminum veneer roof unit 4 is provided with a water conduit 8. The inner gutter 6 and the outer gutter 7 are arranged transversely along the roof unit 1, and the water conduit 8 is longitudinally along the roof unit 1. set up.

Specifically, the inner and outer gutters use 3mm stainless steel gutters, made of Austenitic 316. The cross-section heights of the stainless steel gutters in various areas of the stadium are different, but they are all U-shaped cross-sections. The stainless steel roof gutter is processed by engineering segmented bending and on-site welding and assembly.

On the basis of the above embodiment, as shown in Figures 6 and 7, the inner gutter 6 is disposed at the eaves of the profile roof unit 2, and the inner eaves edge closing unit 5 is disposed at the inner gutter. 6, the inner cornice edge unit 5 includes a connected inner cornice keel 9 and an inner cornice aluminum single plate 10. The inner cornice keel 9 is connected to the main steel structure and the inner gutter 6.

Specifically, the main steel structure of the stadium is a truss structure. The overall shape is basically circular with a diameter of about 270m. It is mainly composed of 18 roofing units with the same area and structure. The roof is a hyperbolic arc-shaped irregular roof. The slope between the inner and outer gutter of the roof is between 15% and 25%. The slope of the roof outside the outer gutter is greater than 45%. The maximum slope of the roof is close to 90°.

Specifically, at the 2 position of the profile roof unit, the upper decorative aluminum veneer is a flat or single-shaped aluminum veneer, the seams of the panels are designed with open seams, and the decorative aluminum veneer is in a wavy shape. There are water channels on the surface of the aluminum veneer so that rainwater can flow smoothly. Follow the seams of the decorative aluminum veneer and the water guide channel, enter the top of the single-layer TPO membrane roof, flow along the TPO membrane into the stainless steel gutters inside and outside the roof, and drain out through the rainwater pipe. The upper part of the stadium endurance board roofing system is a double-curved endurance board. Rainwater flows along the surface of the endurance board, enters the internal and external gutters of the roof, and is discharged through rainwater pipes.

On the basis of the above embodiment, the installation steps of the profile roof unit 2 are as follows: S201: As shown in Figure 17, install the purlin support 15 and the purlin 16; S202: As shown in Figure 18, install the aluminum single plate purlin Support 17; S203: As shown in Figure 19, install the perforated bottom plate 18; S204: As shown in Figure 20, lay the non-woven fabric 19; S205: As shown in Figure 21, lay the sound-absorbing cotton 20; S206: As shown in Figure 22 As shown, install the supporting profiled steel plate 21; S207: As shown in Figure 23, lay the vapor barrier membrane 22; S208: As shown in Figure 24, lay the rock wool 23; S209: As shown in Figure 25, lay the TPO flexible waterproof roll Material 24; S2010: As shown in Figure 26, install the aluminum veneer main keel 125; S2011: As shown in Figure 28, install the aluminum veneer secondary keel 126; S2012: As shown in Figure 28, install the aluminum veneer 27 .

On the basis of the above embodiment, the installation steps of the endurance board roof unit 3 are as follows: S301: As shown in Figure 29, install the second purlin 31, the second purlin 32, and the second keel 33; S302: As shown in Figure 30, Install the endurance plate 34; S303: As shown in Figure 31, install the pressure plate 35 and buckle cover 36.

On the basis of the above embodiment, the installation steps of the perforated aluminum veneer roof unit 4 are as follows: S401: As shown in Figure 32, install the third purlin 41 and the third purlin 42; S402: As shown in Figure 33, install the aluminum Veneer keel three 43; S403: As shown in Figure 34, install the perforated aluminum veneer 44.

Specifically, in order to ensure that the roof has good sound absorption and noise reduction functions, the bottom plate of the profile roof unit 2 adopts 0.6mm thick aluminum-zinc-magnesium perforated corrugated plate, YX25-210-840 type, with a perforation rate of 23%, a perforation diameter of 2.5mm, a hole center distance of 5mm, and an equilateral triangle arrangement. The outermost decorative plate of the profile roof unit 2 is a non-perforated aluminum veneer, and the perforated aluminum veneer roof unit 4 is a perforated aluminum veneer. The endurance board of the endurance board roof unit 3 is a 8mm polycarbonate solid flat endurance board. The UV layer is processed on both sides of the board using a total technology. The thickness of the UV-resistant layer is ≥80μm on the illuminated side and ≥50um on the backlit side. The color is milky white, has diffuse reflection function, and the light transmittance is 50%±3%. The endurance board roof is a hyperbolic shape in a roof monomer. The width of the board is 750-1200mm and the longest length is 5000mm. The endurance boards are all hyperbolic shapes. Some endurance boards have a large curvature on the board surface, which must be processed into prefabricated arcs, cold bending, and hot forming to achieve the shape. The inner eaves edge unit 5 uses a non-perforated aluminum veneer. The bending of aluminum veneers is usually processed by metal plate bending. The bending radius should meet the design requirements; when using a plate rolling machine to bend the arc, the arc must be bent first and then the edge folded. The spacing of the folded edge opening must be strictly processed according to 15mm and the size must be 2-3mm. It must be ensured that there are no defects such as burrs, bumps, sharp corners, etc. at the folded edge bending arc, and the folded edge lines must be smooth and straight.

A construction method for a stadium curved special-shaped metal roof, including the following steps: S1: Use 3D modeling software to deepen the main steel structure and roof skin model according to the design drawings, and perform roof keel modeling in the model. After the design is reviewed and confirmed, the factory will The keel model undergoes pre-processing and pre-assembly testing.

Specifically, according to the design drawings, use takla to deepen each member of the main steel structure tube truss, clarify the nodes of each member, use Rhino to deepen the metal roof skin model, and perform modeling work on the keel according to the position relationship of the node diagram on the model, which will be established The good model is subject to design review. After the design is confirmed, it is sent to the processing plant for processing according to the model. The hyperbolic keels that need to be spliced are pre-assembled and tested in the processing plant and sent to the site for installation. During the installation process, three-point coordinate control is used. Install, ensure the installation accuracy and ensure the smoothness of the keel.

S2: Use 3D scanning technology to scan the installation points, review the main steel structure and roof keel points, and import the deviated points into the model again for adjustment.

Specifically, before cutting the aluminum veneer keel, the steel structure and roof were reviewed to find out the deviation. During the keel installation process, the keel was installed according to the point position of the keel, as shown in Figure 9a and 9b, to ensure that the deviation between the completed surface of the keel and the model was relatively close. Small. Adjustment plates are installed at every three spans in the large area at the junction of the aluminum veneer and the endurance board and at the gutter position. The dimensions are checked on site and the cutting is carried out according to the model. Each roof unit is processed as a processing unit. , the perforated board and the non-perforated board are processed separately, the installation direction is marked on the surface of the board, and the processing number is marked on the inner surface of the board; the aluminum veneer blanked from the composite ruler is imported into the model according to the review points and dimensions for remodeling to compare with the original The size of the aluminum veneer, whether there is any misalignment or major deviation, if there is any problem with the size, re-cut the blank; the processing list sent to the processing factory is mainly about the model and version processing style, and the back-cut plate Mainly focus on model cutting, supplemented by CAD processing drawings.

S3: According to the final model drawing, complete the material processing of each part, such as roof purlins, purlins, keels, profiled plates and perforated profiled plates, aluminum veneers, endurance panels and supporting aluminum profiles, stainless steel gutters.

S4: The inner gutter 6, outer gutter 7, and the keels of the inner cornice are all pre-assembled on the ground, and will be hoisted after the main steel structure is completed.

Specifically, the gutter frame and the inner cornice frame are pre-assembled on the ground, and the inner cornice assembly unit is divided into three facades. The pre-assembly is correct and can be pre-assembled on site in advance according to the processing drawings during the steel structure installation. When the steel structure is completed and the installation conditions are met, it can be hoisted directly, which can save a lot of construction time.

S5: Review based on the provided measurement reference points, baselines, and level points, and conduct comprehensive measurement and setting out according to the roof layout, main structure axis, and elevation.

S6: The unlifted part of the main steel structure must complete the installation of roof purlins on the ground before hoisting. The lifted part of the main steel structure must be installed using roof positioning.

Specifically, as shown in Figure 5, after the retest of the steel structure is correct, a total station is first used to release the positioning points of the roof purlins and connectors on the installed main structure, and mark the purlins and connections on the main structure. position of the parts, and then weld the purlin supports and connecting parts to the installed main structure. During the welding process, measures should be taken to reduce deformation, starting with symmetrical spot welding. Check the position of the purlin support and connecting parts, and weld them if they are qualified. If they are not qualified, they need to be corrected. The spot welds should be firm. The aluminum veneer purlin brackets in the profile roof area are installed after the main roof purlins are installed. The current should be appropriate during welding. After the weld is formed, there should be no pores and cracks, nor undercuts or welding flashes. The size of the weld should meet the design requirements, the welding wave should be uniform, the weld shape should be beautiful, and the welding should be done promptly after the welding is completed. Take good anti-corrosion measures at the welding joints of aluminum veneer purlins to avoid rust. After the anti-corrosion of the roof purlin is completed, fluorocarbon spraying treatment on the visible surface is carried out.

S7: As shown in Figures 11 to 13, connect the main purlins in the profile roof unit 2, the endurance board roof unit 3, and the perforated aluminum veneer roof unit 4 to the roof, and connect the secondary purlins to the main purlins respectively.

Specifically, the processing dimensions and bending radius of the main purlins are derived based on the model. After bending in the processing plant, they are sent to the site for hole making and installation. The main roof purlins are connected to the roof through bolts. The roof secondary purlins are shaped and drilled according to the processing dimensions and bending radius derived from the model, and then sent to the site for installation. The roof C-shaped purlins are connected to the main roof purlins through T-shaped connecting plates, and the roof galvanized square tube secondary purlins pass through The connecting piece is connected to the main purlin of the roof, the secondary purlin is fixed to the connecting plate with bolts, and the connecting plate is welded to the main purlin. The secondary purlins of the profile roof are arranged along the direction of the roof slope. The secondary purlins of the roof need to be curved. Each keel section is installed using coordinate point control, and the coordinate points are derived from the model. Each section of arc keel must be installed with no less than three control points.

The precautions for purlin installation are as follows:

1) Re-measure the dimensional deviation of the main steel structure. Before installation, the main steel structure must be re-tested, because the installation error in structural dimensions is large, especially in the height direction. Some structural deviations with large deviations need to be rectified through purlin supports to ensure the quality of the roof appearance.

2) The purlin brackets are welded to the main steel structure. When installing the purlin brackets, position the purlin brackets according to the drawing requirements and measurement coordinate points, mark the installation position of the upper main purlins, and then adjust to the required elevation and weld. firm. After welding is completed, check the quality of the weld, remove the welding slag in time and perform anti-rust touch-up paint to avoid rust.

3) The main purlins and purlin brackets are connected with a set of stainless steel bolts. There are vertical long oval holes on the main purlin brackets, so they can be adjusted up and down. During installation, the main purlins and purlin supports are initially connected with bolts. After the entire purlins in this area are installed, a dedicated person will perform the final fine-tuning and positioning of the main purlins and tighten all the bolts under the guidance of technical personnel.

4) The roof secondary purlin supports are welded directly to the main purlins. Before welding the roof secondary purlin supports, measure and lay out the lines according to the drawings to determine the welding position of the secondary purlin supports. The secondary purlin supports and secondary purlins are connected with stainless steel bolts. After the bolts are initially fixed, the surface of the secondary purlins is adjusted to be smooth with the surface of the main purlins before tightening. For welding positions, check the quality of the weld, remove the welding slag in time and perform anti-rust touch-up paint to avoid rust.

6) After completing the installation and touch-up painting of the purlin system and purlin supports on the regional roof, submit it to the supervisor for concealed acceptance after passing the self-inspection. After passing the inspection, the installation of the floor plate will be carried out in the next step.

7) The installation and positioning dimensions of the main purlins refer to the purlin installation positioning diagram. The installation deviation is not greater than 5mm. The length of the purlin brackets is large. When installing, pay attention to the selection according to the drawings. Substitution is not allowed.

S8: Install the perforated profiled base plate 18 in the profile roof unit 2 between the roof and the main purlin.

Specifically, the perforated profiled bottom plate 18 adopts an overlapping form, and the overlap length is not less than 80mm. According to the layout diagram, the bottom plate is beveled on both sides of the gutter, at the intersection position with the endurance board, and at the oblique connection position with the purlins to ensure that the bottom plate is At the same time, install the edge of the bottom plate on both sides of the gutter and at the intersection with the endurance board to ensure the visual quality of the bottom plate.

S9: Set up a walking channel on the upper part of the main purlin and the secondary purlin; as shown in Figure 16, use hemp rope to fix it to the roof purlin. The walking channel is set into a 6m section, spanning four purlins, with a span of 5m. The roof base plate is lowered to the bottom of the roof purlins through the purlin gaps for installation.

Preferably, the walking channel frame is made of D25*2 round pipe material Q235B, and the length of each channel plate is 6m.

S10: Lay non-woven fabric and sound-absorbing cotton on the perforated profiled bottom plate 18;

Specifically, after the profiled perforated board has passed the acceptance inspection, the hydrophobic non-woven fabric is laid. Before laying, the base surface of the profiled board needs to be cleaned to remove sharp foreign objects on the roof. Adjacent glass non-woven fabrics should be overlapped by 100mm. The non-woven fabrics must be flat, close to each other, fully covered, and have no obvious wrinkles. In order to achieve good integrity, the horizontal overlap must be tight and no seams are exposed.

Specifically, the sound-absorbing cotton material used is 50mm glass wool with a bulk density of 32kg/m³. Glass wool is a non-combustible inorganic material and has good sound insulation, sound absorption, and fire prevention functions.

S11: According to the layout drawing, the corrugated steel sheet is beveled on both sides of the gutter, at the intersection with the endurance board, and at the beveled position with the purlin. At the same time, the trim is installed on both sides of the gutter and at the intersection with the endurance board.

Specifically, the profiled steel plate is installed in the form of overlap, and the overlap length is not less than 80mm. Before installing the profiled steel plate, release the edge of the positioning plate and install the positioning plate. As shown in Figures 14a and 14b, install the bottom plate in sequence according to the positioning plate. Place a review line for every ten rows of boards to review the base plate installation size deviation and make adjustments to avoid large cumulative errors. When the first profiled plate is fixed in place, draw a continuous alignment line at the end of the plate and the top of the plate. These two lines and the first plate will become the guide lines to facilitate the rapid fixation of subsequent profiled plates. After installing a section of the area, it is necessary to check the section by measuring the width of the fixed profile plate once at the top and bottom to ensure that there is no movement. The steel plates are laid along the slope of the roof, and are fixed with self-tapping nails during the laying process, wave by wave. The profiled steel plate is used to seal the hole in the aluminum veneer keel purlin with a short plate, and is fixed with nails around it to ensure the stability of the plate at the hole.

S12: Lay vapor barrier film, rock wool, and TPO flexible waterproofing membrane on the supporting profiled steel plate; the thickness shall not be less than 0.25mm and conform to the polypropylene vapor barrier film to prevent the vapor barrier film from being blown open by the wind during the laying process.

Specifically, the TPO of the profile roof unit is mechanically fixed, and the TPO membrane of the gutter unit is adhesively fixed. The TPO of the profile roof unit is 1.5mm thick, and the TPO of the gutter unit is 2mm thick.

S13: Set up a temporary material storage platform on the roof, and connect the keels in the profile roof unit 2, endurance board roof unit 3, and perforated aluminum veneer roof unit 4 to the roof purlins;

Specifically, a temporary material storage platform is set up at an appropriate location on the roof, and the decorative aluminum veneer is located on the upper layer of the aluminum veneer keel. The keel can be used to set up the working surface during construction. The main keel is derived from the main processing size and bending radius based on the model, and is sent to the site for installation after bending in the processing plant. The main keel is connected to the purlin support through the roof connecting plate; the main keel is connected to the secondary keel through connectors.

S14: Draw the center line on the installed keel and install the prefabricated aluminum panels according to the positions on the numbered diagram.

Specifically, preliminary measurement is the basis for installation accuracy and is a key step. As shown in Figure 11, it is planned to operate in the form of regional stakeout and point-by-point measurement. First, lay out plane measurement control points based on the original measurement datum points. Measure and set coordinate points from the periphery, place the axis, close the axis, and adjust the measurement error. In order to ensure the installation accuracy of decorative panels, control the overall error. To prevent installation errors in one area and overall sequence errors from occurring, the measurement axes are encrypted, and each encrypted axis is divided into independent installation areas for installation and accuracy control. In this way, even if there is an error in the installation in one area, it will only affect the local area and will not cause a chain reaction and cause a large deviation in the overall installation accuracy. When using a total station for installation and positioning within a unit area, the structural deviation at each location should first be measured and the data obtained. Then readjust according to the deviation so that the bearing surface meets the roof radian and elevation requirements. According to the measurement data, install the adapter on the upper part of the purlin support. Measure with a total station and theodolite to ensure the installation accuracy of the connectors. The elevation of the load-bearing end face of the adapter is measured with a total station. If the elevation is different in design, use the adjustment system of the connector itself to adjust it.

S15: Install the solid sheet 34 in the solid sheet roof unit 3.

Specifically, the processing dimensions of the endurance board are derived based on the model. The endurance panels are all four-sided special-shaped curved panels. The endurance panels can only be processed into rectangular panels. The four sides are cut according to the processing dimensions on site or in the project. The endurance panels are in the gutter position and with the profile roof. The handover position, bottom shape position and special-shaped plate position need to be cut. For plates with a large curvature of endurance boards, they are processed by cold bending or hot forming. The surface of the endurance board is UV treated to improve the durability and anti-aging performance of the endurance board. The keel is bent in the processing plant according to the processing arc. The surface of the keel is treated with fluorocarbon spraying.

S16: The keels of the inner cornice edge unit 5 are assembled into units on the ground and hoisted to the roof for connection.

Specifically, the cornice support position is determined by measuring before installing the cornice keels. The small inner cornice keels are assembled into units on the ground, hoisted to the roof, and assembled and welded on the roof. The three gaps of the aluminum veneer keel form one unit, and the adjacent units are supplemented. During the unit assembly process, set out and adjust the angle according to the processing drawing.

S17: During the construction process, use a total station to stake out the three-dimensional coordinates of each prefabricated aluminum veneer and mark it on the keel. It is required that the four corner points of each prefabricated aluminum veneer coincide with the three-dimensional coordinate stakeout points and in the model. The three-dimensional coordinate points are consistent.

Specifically, after the aluminum veneer is processed in the processing plant, the surface is covered with a protective film and transported to the site and working surface. Before installing the aluminum veneer, set the positioning line of the aluminum plate glue seam on the steel keel to control the installation position. Before installation, the number, quantity, and installation direction and location should be carefully checked. The aluminum plate fixing corner codes are installed in advance. The installation should be firm and not loose or missing. During the construction process, a total station was used to stake out the three-dimensional coordinates of each panel, and marks were made on the decorative skeleton. During the installation process, the four corner points of each panel were required to coincide with the three-dimensional coordinate stakeout points to ensure that each panel The panels must be consistent with the three-dimensional coordinate points in the model to ensure the shape of the entire roof.

S18: The keels of the inner gutter 6 and the outer gutter 7 are assembled on the ground and then hoisted to the roof for connection.

Specifically, the roof gutter is an arc gutter, the inner gutter is S-shaped, and the outer gutter is arc-shaped. The gutter is curved along the roof plane, and the processing size and arc radius are derived according to the model. The gutter keel is assembled on the ground, and the gutter between each axis is an independent unit. After the assembly is completed, it is hoisted to the roof and assembled, welded and fixed on the roof.

Specifically, the roof purlins are divided into two surface treatment methods. The surface of the non-exposed components is galvanized, and the surface of the exposed components is treated with fluorocarbon spraying. The surface treatment methods of roof purlins and keels are divided into two surface treatment methods. The surfaces of non-exposed components are galvanized, and the surfaces of exposed components are treated with fluorocarbon spraying.

Specifically, non-perforated aluminum veneer is divided into profile roof aluminum veneer, inner cornice aluminum veneer, roof junction aluminum veneer, exposed surface fluorocarbon spray treatment, perforated aluminum veneer, double-sided fluorocarbon spray treatment, and its perforation rate 10%~40%, among which profile roof aluminum veneers and perforated aluminum veneers are reinforced with frames and stiffeners.

On the basis of the above implementation, as shown in FIG8 , a three-point coordinate control method is used for installation. For single-curved or double-curved keels, reflective stickers are pasted at the control point position on the keel surface. During the installation process, control is performed through no less than three-point coordinates. After the installation is completed, the point position is re-measured by the total station, and the measurement points are added. If necessary, 3D scanning technology is used to scan the installation points, and the points are imported into the 3D model for analysis with the model keel, and the keels with large deviations are adjusted. As shown in FIG10 , the measurement control points of the partitions are divided into partitions with the intersection of the grid lines between the wide seams as the control points. Each partition independently measures and installs the decorative aluminum plate keel, and the error is absorbed within the partition and is not accumulated to the next partition.

On the basis of the above embodiment, the perforated profiled bottom plate 18 and the support profiled steel plate 21 are all beveled when they are connected with adjacent plates. Bevel cutting is performed at the mitered joint position. At the same time, edge trimming is installed on both sides of the gutter and at the intersection with the endurance board to ensure the visual quality.

In the present invention, the roof and the main steel structure of the stadium are adjustably connected with purlins, purlin brackets and keels, which can adapt to the anisotropic curved surface, making the roof installation more convenient and flexible. The keel modeling work is carried out at the node position on the model, and the installation is carried out in the form of three-point coordinate control during the installation process to ensure the installation accuracy and the smoothness of the keel; the installation point is scanned using 3D scanning technology, and the point is imported into the 3D model for analysis with the model keel; the curvature and fit of the existing endurance board and profile keel are analyzed according to the model to clarify which boards need Which parts of hot forming need to be cold-bent on site? The model is analyzed. The aluminum profile is a two-way bending shape, which requires heat processing. The shape that matches the endurance board is processed through the mold to ensure that the endurance board and the aluminum profile fit closely and have a waterproof effect. A 3D laser scanner is used to reverse the project site to ensure the accurate positioning of the canopy and the building structure to reduce the cost of secondary demolition and modification during project implementation. The final outer skin model of the building is established to determine the spatial position of the roof, gutter, and inner eaves and the relative position relationship with the main steel structure. The outer wheel provided by the building construction drawing is used to The steel structure shell model is used to analyze the drainage profile, fine-tune the local area, optimize the setting of the gutter, reduce the risk of leakage, calculate the location of the gutter expansion joint through the model, calculate the stress generated by temperature changes, prevent stress concentration in local positions, cause weld cracking, and ensure smooth water flow; based on the BIM information model, coordinate positioning extraction, customized software to export three-dimensional coordinates, generate on-site installation control coordinates, use the BIM information model to collaboratively deepen the design, pre-cut all components, improve processing accuracy, shorten the construction period, verify the pull-out force of fasteners under the most unfavorable load, and ensure that the force performance of the roof system meets the requirements; the ground pre-assembly processing operation space is sufficient, which can save a lot of manpower, and it is convenient to check the outdoor processing and manufacturing accuracy of the components and whether the interface can meet the on-site installation needs and meet the standard design requirements, so as to keep the problems on the ground to the greatest extent and solve them in time, instead of discovering the processing accuracy problems of the components during on-site installation, affecting the construction period, reducing the error adjustment time during on-site installation, and creating conditions for the overall progress and quality assurance of the project; the possibility of safety accidents is minimized.

The non-exhaustive aspects of the present invention are all conventional technical means known to those skilled in the art.

The above content shows and describes the basic principles, main features and beneficial effects of the present invention. The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A stadium curved special-shaped metal roof, characterized by: including a plurality of roofing units (1) arranged along the circumference of the stadium. Gutter units are provided on the roofing units (1). The roofing units are (1) It includes profile roof units (2) with special-shaped curved surfaces, endurance board roof units (3), and perforated aluminum veneer roof units (4). The eaves of the roof units (1) are provided with inner eaves. Unit (5). 2. The stadium curved special-shaped metal roof according to claim 1, characterized in that: the lower end of the profile roof unit (2) is connected to the upper end of the perforated aluminum veneer roof unit (4), and the endurance board roof The unit (3) is connected to the left or right side of the endurance board roof unit (3) and the profile roof unit (2). 3. The stadium curved special-shaped metal roof according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the gutter unit includes an inner gutter (6) and an outer gutter (6) provided on the profile roof unit (2). 7), the profile roof unit (2) and the perforated aluminum veneer roof unit (4) are provided with water conduits (8), and the inner gutter (6) and the outer gutter (7) are installed along the The roof unit (1) is arranged transversely, and the water guide channel (8) is arranged longitudinally along the roof unit (1). 4. The curved special-shaped metal roof for a stadium according to claim 3, characterized in that: the inner gutter (6) is arranged at the eaves of the profile roof unit (2), the inner eaves edge trimming unit (5) is arranged on the outside of the inner gutter (6), the inner eaves edge trimming unit (5) comprises connected inner eaves keels (9) and inner eaves aluminum panels (10), and the inner eaves keels (9) are connected to the main steel structure and the inner gutter (6). 5. The stadium curved special-shaped metal roof according to any one of claims 1-2 and 4, characterized in that the installation steps of the profile roof unit (2) are as follows: S201: Install purlin support one (15) and purlin one (16); S202: Install aluminum purlin bracket (17); S203: Installing the perforated profiled bottom plate (18); S204: Laying non-woven fabric (19); S205: Laying sound-absorbing cotton (20); S206: Install the supporting profiled steel plate (21); S207: Laying a vapor barrier membrane (22); S208: Laying rock wool (23); S209: Laying TPO flexible waterproof membrane (24); S2010: Install aluminum veneer main keel one (25); S2011: Installation of aluminum veneer sub-keel one (26); S2012: Installation of aluminum veneer (27). 6. The stadium curved special-shaped metal roof according to any one of claims 1-2 and 4, characterized in that: the installation steps of the endurance board roof unit (3) are as follows: S301: Install the second purlin support (31), the second purlin (32), and the second keel (33); S302: Install endurance board (34); S303: Install the pressing plate (35) and the buckle cover (36). 7. The stadium curved special-shaped metal roof according to any one of claims 1-2 and 4, characterized in that the installation steps of the perforated aluminum veneer roof unit (4) are as follows: S401: Install purlin support three (41) and purlin three (42); S402: Install aluminum veneer keel three (43); S403: Install perforated aluminum veneer (44). 8. A construction method for a stadium curved special-shaped metal roof, characterized in that it includes the stadium curved special-shaped metal roof according to claim 1, and the construction method includes the following steps: S1: Use 3D modeling software to deepen the main steel structure and roof skin model according to the design drawings, and model the roof keel in the model. After the design is reviewed and confirmed, the factory conducts pre-processing and pre-assembly tests based on the keel model; S2: Use 3D scanning technology to scan the installation points, review the main steel structure and roof keel points, and import the deviated points into the model again for adjustment; S3: Draw the final model and complete the material processing of each part; S4: The keel components of the inner gutter (6), the outer gutter (7) and the inner eaves are pre-assembled on the ground and hoisted after the main steel structure is completed; S5: Review based on the provided measurement reference points, baselines, and level points, and conduct comprehensive measurement and setting out according to the roof layout, main structure axis, and elevation; S6: The unlifted part of the main steel structure must complete the installation of roof purlin components on the ground before hoisting. The lifted part of the main steel structure must be installed using roof positioning; S7: Connect the purlin components in the profile roof unit (2), endurance board roof unit (3), and perforated aluminum veneer roof unit (4) to the roof; S8: Install the perforated profiled bottom plate (18) in the profile roof unit (2) between the roof and purlin components; S9: Set up a walking channel (11) on the upper part of the purlin member; S10: Lay non-woven fabric (19) and sound-absorbing cotton (20) on the perforated profiled bottom plate (18); S11: Install the supporting profiled steel plate (21) between the purlin components and the keel components; S12: The steam barrier membrane (22), rock wool (23), and TPO flexible waterproofing membrane (24) are laid on the supporting profiled steel plate (21) in sequence; S13: Set up a temporary material storage platform on the roof, and connect the keel components in the profile roof unit (2), endurance board roof unit (3), and perforated aluminum veneer roof unit (4) to the roof purlin components; S14: Draw the center line on the installed keel components and install the prefabricated aluminum panels according to the positions in the numbered diagram; S15: Install the endurance panels (34) in the endurance panel roof unit (3); S16: The keel components of the inner cornice closing unit (5) are assembled into units on the ground and hoisted to the roof for connection; S17: During the construction process, use a total station to stake out the three-dimensional coordinates of each prefabricated aluminum veneer, and mark the keel components. It is required that the four corner points of each prefabricated aluminum veneer coincide with the three-dimensional coordinate stakeout points and be consistent with the model. The three-dimensional coordinate points in are consistent; S18: The keel components of the inner gutter (6) and the outer gutter (7) are assembled on the ground and then hoisted to the roof for connection. 9. The construction method of the stadium curved special-shaped metal roof according to claim 8, characterized in that: the three-point coordinate control method is used for installation. 10. The construction method suitable for stadium curved metal roofs with different shapes according to claim 8, characterized in that: the perforated profiled bottom plate (18) and the support profiled steel plate (21) are connected with adjacent plates when they are connected with each other. All are beveled.