CN117674528A - Electric permanent magnet type stepping motor - Google Patents
Electric permanent magnet type stepping motor Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN117674528A CN117674528A CN202211030051.XA CN202211030051A CN117674528A CN 117674528 A CN117674528 A CN 117674528A CN 202211030051 A CN202211030051 A CN 202211030051A CN 117674528 A CN117674528 A CN 117674528A
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- permanent magnet
- electro
- metal
- rare earth
- driver
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical group [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 32
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 32
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 claims description 24
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910001172 neodymium magnet Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- QJVKUMXDEUEQLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [B].[Fe].[Nd] Chemical compound [B].[Fe].[Nd] QJVKUMXDEUEQLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- -1 aluminum nickel cobalt Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 6
- KPLQYGBQNPPQGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt samarium Chemical compound [Co].[Sm] KPLQYGBQNPPQGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000938 samarium–cobalt magnet Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- WBWJXRJARNTNBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Fe].[Cr].[Co] Chemical compound [Fe].[Cr].[Co] WBWJXRJARNTNBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000005669 field effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910000828 alnico Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007885 magnetic separation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005415 magnetization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005389 magnetism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K37/00—Motors with rotor rotating step by step and without interrupter or commutator driven by the rotor, e.g. stepping motors
- H02K37/10—Motors with rotor rotating step by step and without interrupter or commutator driven by the rotor, e.g. stepping motors of permanent magnet type
- H02K37/20—Motors with rotor rotating step by step and without interrupter or commutator driven by the rotor, e.g. stepping motors of permanent magnet type with rotating flux distributors, the armatures and magnets both being stationary
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/16—Stator cores with slots for windings
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/17—Stator cores with permanent magnets
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Permanent Field Magnets Of Synchronous Machinery (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an electric permanent magnet type stepping motor, which comprises a stator iron core, a plurality of electric permanent magnets, a rotor iron ring, a driver and a controller, wherein the electric permanent magnets are circumferentially distributed along the outer surface of the stator iron core; the driver is connected with each electro-permanent magnet; the controller is connected with the driver and is used for outputting pulse control signals to the driver. The invention has the advantages of larger continuous torque, operation without gear transmission and zero power holding suction force.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of permanent magnet motors, and particularly relates to an electric permanent magnet stepping motor.
Background
With the advent of new rare earth permanent magnet materials represented by neodymium iron boron, permanent magnet motors have exhibited various types of development. The permanent magnet type motor may be classified into a rotor permanent magnet type motor and a stator permanent magnet type motor according to the placement position of the permanent magnet in the motor. The permanent magnet motor with rotor has permanent magnet set on one side of the rotor and coil winding set on one side of the stator. The motor can realize high-speed rotation of the middle rotor, and in order to overcome the centrifugal force during high-speed operation, a fixing device made of stainless steel or nonmetal fiber materials is additionally arranged on the permanent magnet, so that the internal structure is complex, the processing difficulty is high, and the situation that the middle rotor is difficult to radiate heat is also caused.
In another form of stator permanent magnet motor, the permanent magnets and windings are placed on one side of the stator, and the middle rotor has neither windings nor permanent magnets. There are three types of stator permanent magnet motors in common: doubly salient permanent magnet machines (DSPMs), flux reversing permanent magnet machines (FRMs), and flux switching permanent magnet machines (FSPMs). The three types of permanent magnet motors have the advantages of high power density, high efficiency and the like, but the three types of motors have different working principles and have the advantages and the disadvantages. For a doubly salient permanent magnet motor (DSPM) similar to a structure of a switch reluctance motor and a permanent magnet, the defect that a permanent magnet field is difficult to adjust exists, and a set of exciting windings for adjusting an air gap field are generally added on a stator. For a flux reversing permanent magnet motor (FRM), the permanent magnet is attached to the surface of the stator teeth to increase the length of an air gap, and the empty air gap flux density is reduced, so that the motor output is limited. The structure and the working principle of the two motors are combined for the magnetic flux switching type permanent magnet motor (FSPM), so that the motor has the advantages of magnetism gathering effect and no-load magnetic linkage bipolar property, and is not practically applied in the verification stage at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide an electro-permanent magnet stepping motor which has the advantages of larger continuous torque, no need of gear transmission and zero power holding suction, thereby overcoming the defects of insufficient driving force or torque, high power consumption, high heat generation and the like of the existing microminiature motor.
In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the technical scheme adopted by the invention comprises the following steps: an electro-permanent magnet stepper motor comprising:
a stator core;
the plurality of electro-permanent magnets are circumferentially distributed along the outer surface of the stator core;
the rotor iron ring is arranged on the outer side of the electric permanent magnet and is provided with a gap with the electric permanent magnet;
each electro-permanent magnet comprises a rare earth permanent magnet, a metal permanent magnet, a soft magnetic metal and a copper coil, wherein the rare earth permanent magnet and the metal permanent magnet are arranged between the soft magnetic metal and the stator core in parallel, and the copper coil is wound on the outer surfaces of the rare earth permanent magnet and the metal permanent magnet;
the driver is connected with each electro-permanent magnet;
and the controller is connected with the driver and is used for outputting pulse control signals to the driver.
In a preferred embodiment, the rare earth permanent magnet is oriented opposite to the poles of the metallic permanent magnet when the electro-permanent magnet is not energized with the pulse current, and does not generate an external magnetic flux; the metal permanent magnet is magnetized after pulse current is introduced into the electro-permanent magnet, and the magnetic pole orientation of the metal permanent magnet is the same as that of the rare earth permanent magnet, so that external magnetic flux is generated; and the metal permanent magnet is magnetized again after the electric permanent magnet is electrified with reverse pulse current, the magnetic pole orientation of the metal permanent magnet is opposite to that of the rare earth permanent magnet, and the external magnetic flux is closed to return to an initial state.
In a preferred embodiment, the plurality of electro-permanent magnets alternately circulate on and off states when alternately circulating the pulse current, and switch the state of magnetic flux outside the electro-permanent magnets; when the plurality of permanent magnets alternately circulate and maintain external magnetic flux, magnetic attraction force is generated on the rotor iron ring, so that the rotor iron ring continuously and eccentrically swings.
In a preferred embodiment, the rare earth permanent magnet is high coercivity neodymium iron boron or samarium cobalt, and the metal permanent magnet is low coercivity alnico or fechronico.
In a preferred embodiment, the rare earth permanent magnet is neodymium iron boron and the metal permanent magnet is alnico.
In a preferred embodiment, both the NdFeB and the AlNiCo are cylindrical.
In a preferred embodiment, the copper coil of each of the electro-permanent magnets is led out of one connection terminal into the driver.
In a preferred embodiment, the driver comprises at least two field effect transistor half-bridges and a tantalum capacitor, wherein the field effect transistor half-bridges are composed of N-channel depletion type MOS transistors and P-channel depletion type MOS transistors.
In a preferred embodiment, the plurality of electro-permanent magnets are uniformly distributed circumferentially along the outer surface of the stator core.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention arranges the electric permanent magnet and the winding on one side of the stator, the outer ring rotor has no permanent magnet and no winding, the gearless driving rotating component is adopted, the characteristic of keeping the attraction of the magnet by the outage of the electric permanent magnet is utilized, external current is not required to be continuously introduced, pulse current is alternately and circularly introduced to generate attraction to the rotor iron ring, so that the rotor iron ring generates eccentric rotation motion, and the invention has the advantages of larger continuous torque, operation without gear transmission, zero power for keeping the attraction, and solves the problems of insufficient driving force or torque, high power consumption, high heat quantity and the like of the microminiature motor.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments described in the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to the drawings without inventive effort to those skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an electro-permanent magnet stepper motor according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the internal circulation of the permanent magnet poles when no pulse current is applied to the stepper motor;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the magnetic circuit of the permanent magnet when the stepping motor AB is fed with two-phase pulse current;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the magnetic circuit of the permanent magnet when the stepping motor BC is supplied with two-phase pulse current.
Reference numerals:
1. rotor iron ring, 2/A/B/C/D, electro permanent magnet, 3, copper coil, 4, soft magnetic metal, 5/12/14/16/18, rare earth permanent magnet, 6/11/13/15/17, metal permanent magnet, 7, stator core, 8, controller, 9 and driver.
Detailed Description
The invention will be more fully understood from the following detailed description, which should be read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Detailed embodiments of the present invention are disclosed herein; however, it is to be understood that the disclosed embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, which may be embodied in various forms. Therefore, specific functional details disclosed herein are not to be interpreted as limiting, but merely as a basis for the claims and as a representative basis for teaching one skilled in the art to variously employ the present invention in virtually any appropriately detailed embodiment.
As shown in fig. 1, an electro-permanent magnet stepping motor according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: the electric permanent magnets are distributed circumferentially along the outer surface of the stator core, preferably uniformly distributed circumferentially, and in the embodiment, the number of the electric permanent magnets is 4, and an included angle of 90 degrees is formed between the 4 electric permanent magnets. For convenience of description, 4 electro-permanent magnets are defined as electro-permanent magnets A, B, C, D, respectively.
Each electro-permanent magnet specifically comprises a rare earth permanent magnet, a metal permanent magnet, a soft magnetic metal and a copper coil, wherein the rare earth permanent magnet and the metal permanent magnet are arranged between the soft magnetic metal and the stator core in parallel (specifically in radial parallel), the soft magnetic metal is positioned at the outermost side, and the copper coil is wound on the outer surfaces of the rare earth permanent magnet and the metal permanent magnet. In the implementation, the rare earth permanent magnet can be neodymium iron boron or samarium cobalt with high coercivity and high remanence, and the metal permanent magnet can be aluminum nickel cobalt or iron chromium cobalt with low coercivity. The coercive force is the capability of the magnet to resist an external field, the high coercive force of the rare earth permanent magnet is more than 8000Oe, and the low coercive force of the metal permanent magnet is not more than 1500Oe. In this example, rare earth is neodymium iron boron for permanent magnetic separation, and aluminum nickel cobalt for metal permanent magnetic separation. The remanence of the two materials is approximately the same, and an electric pulse signal connected through a copper coil can change the magnetization direction of aluminum nickel cobalt, but cannot change the magnetization direction of neodymium iron boron, so that the electric permanent magnet can switch on and off an external magnetic field of the electric permanent magnet through the electric pulse signal, and when the electric permanent magnet is implemented, the magnetic field state of the electric permanent magnet can be kept by using a low level of 0. In addition, for convenience of the following description by way of example, the permanent magnet 15 of the permanent magnet a, the permanent magnet 16 of the rare earth, the permanent magnet 17 of the permanent magnet B, the permanent magnet 18 of the rare earth, the permanent magnet 11 of the permanent magnet C, the permanent magnet 12 of the rare earth, the permanent magnet 13 of the permanent magnet D, and the permanent magnet 14 of the rare earth are defined.
The rotor iron ring is arranged on the outer side of the electro-permanent magnet, and a gap is formed between the rotor iron ring and the electro-permanent magnet.
The driver is electrically connected with each electro-permanent magnet and is used for inputting pulse control signals to copper coils of the electro-permanent magnets. In this embodiment, the copper coil of each electro-permanent magnet is connected to the driver through a lead-out connection terminal, that is, the four electro-permanent magnets in this embodiment are connected to the driver through 4 connection terminals respectively. In this embodiment, the driver specifically includes at least two field effect transistor half-bridges and a tantalum capacitor, where the field effect transistor half-bridges are formed by N-channel depletion type MOS transistors and P-channel depletion type MOS transistors, and the field effect transistor half-bridges can provide up to 60 μs of switching pulses of 30V and 10A for the motor, for driving two electrical phases of the stepper motor. The tantalum capacitance is a tantalum capacitance of 100 μF.
The controller is connected with the driver and is used for providing PWM (pulse) control signals for adjusting the output voltage current waveform for the driver. In this embodiment, the model of the controller is ATMEGA324P-20AU, which has a 20MHz ceramic resonator built in it, and an 8-bit processor with a memory space of 32 KB.
When the permanent magnet works, the orientation of the rare earth permanent magnet is opposite to the magnetic pole orientation of the metal permanent magnet when the pulse control signal is not fed into the electro-permanent magnet, and no external magnetic flux is generated; the metal permanent magnet is magnetized after the pulse control signal is introduced into the electro-permanent magnet, and the magnetic pole orientation of the metal permanent magnet is the same as that of the rare earth permanent magnet, so that external magnetic flux is generated; the metal permanent magnet is magnetized again after the electric permanent magnet is electrified with a reverse pulse control signal, the magnetic pole orientation of the metal permanent magnet is opposite to that of the rare earth permanent magnet, and the external magnetic flux is closed to return to an initial state. When pulse current is alternately circulated and fed into the plurality of electro-permanent magnets, the on-off state is alternately circulated, and the external magnetic flux state of the electro-permanent magnets is switched; when the plurality of permanent magnets alternately circulate and maintain external magnetic flux, magnetic attraction force is generated on the rotor iron ring, so that the rotor iron ring continuously and eccentrically swings.
Specifically, the principle of the present invention in which the rotor ring is caused to perform eccentric rotation by applying a pulse current to generate suction is explained as an example. When pulse current is not introduced, the magnetic circuits of the four electro-permanent magnets are closed due to the opposite magnetic poles of the rare earth permanent magnet and the metal permanent magnet, and no external magnetic flux is generated, as shown in fig. 2. When the external circuit is connected to a 20V power supply voltage, the controller outputs 100 μs square wave pulses, and the peak current of 5A is output to the AB two phases in FIG. 3 through the driver. Magnets 15, 16 and magnets 17, 18 are open, magnets 11, 12 and magnets 13, 14 are closed, and magnetic flux flows through the stator and rotor. When a current pulse is applied to the magnets 15, 16 and the horizontal windings around the magnets 11, 12, the poles of the magnets 15, 11 can be switched, the magnets 15, 16 turned off, the magnets 11, 12 turned on, thereby creating a new magnetic flux path as shown in fig. 4, and the rotor rotated counter-clockwise around the magnets 17, 18, further reaching the new position as shown in fig. 4. The repeated steps may drive the rotor to perform a continuous rotational movement and an oscillating translational movement about the stator.
The torque of the stepping motor depends on the width of the pulse current, the larger the torque is, the wider the pulse current is, the speed depends on the interval time of the pulse current, and the longer the interval time is, the slower the speed is.
Ordinary permanent magnet motor generationIs proportional to the current, and the current generating the torque is directly related to the heat loss I 2 R, would be such that the continuous torque rating of a conventional magnetic motor would be limited by heating. In contrast, electro-permanent magnets have the property that the holding force is proportional to the area and the switching energy is proportional to the volume. The stepper motor rolls around a stator with a smaller diameter by the rotor, and most of the energy is consumed by dynamic friction between the rotor and the stator and hysteresis losses generated by the magnetic material fast-cycling hysteresis loop.
Obviously, the continuous rated torque of the electro-permanent magnet stepper motor is limited only by the saturation magnetic flux density of the magnetic material, and the electro-permanent magnet stepper motor has I only during the switching pulse 2 The R heat loss, as the speed decreases, the switching pulse interval becomes longer. In summary, this gives it the advantages of a greater continuous torque, operation without gearing, and zero power holding suction.
Therefore, the invention arranges the electric permanent magnet and the winding on one side of the stator, the outer ring rotor has no permanent magnet and no winding, the gearless driving rotating component is adopted, the characteristic that the attraction of the magnet is kept by the outage of the electric permanent magnet is utilized, external current is not required to be continuously introduced, pulse current is alternately and circularly introduced to generate attraction to the rotor iron ring, so that the rotor iron ring generates eccentric rotation motion, and the invention has the advantages of larger continuous torque, operation without gear transmission, zero power for keeping the attraction, and solves the problems of insufficient driving force or torque, high power consumption, high heat quantity and the like of the microminiature motor.
The various aspects, embodiments, features and examples of the invention are to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not intended to limit the invention, the scope of which is defined solely by the claims. Other embodiments, modifications, and uses will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the claimed invention.
The use of headings and chapters in this disclosure is not meant to limit the disclosure; each section may apply to any aspect, embodiment, or feature of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. An electric permanent magnet stepper motor, characterized in that: the motor includes:
a stator core;
the plurality of electro-permanent magnets are circumferentially distributed along the outer surface of the stator core;
the rotor iron ring is arranged on the outer side of the electric permanent magnet and is provided with a gap with the electric permanent magnet;
each electro-permanent magnet comprises a rare earth permanent magnet, a metal permanent magnet, a soft magnetic metal and a copper coil, wherein the rare earth permanent magnet and the metal permanent magnet are arranged between the soft magnetic metal and the stator core in parallel, and the copper coil is wound on the outer surfaces of the rare earth permanent magnet and the metal permanent magnet;
the driver is connected with each electro-permanent magnet;
and the controller is connected with the driver and is used for outputting pulse control signals to the driver.
2. An electro-permanent magnet stepper motor according to claim 1, wherein: when pulse current is not fed into the electro-permanent magnet, the rare earth permanent magnet is opposite to the magnetic pole of the metal permanent magnet in orientation, and no external magnetic flux is generated; the metal permanent magnet is magnetized after pulse current is introduced into the electro-permanent magnet, and the magnetic pole orientation of the metal permanent magnet is the same as that of the rare earth permanent magnet, so that external magnetic flux is generated; and the metal permanent magnet is magnetized again after the electric permanent magnet is electrified with reverse pulse current, the magnetic pole orientation of the metal permanent magnet is opposite to that of the rare earth permanent magnet, and the external magnetic flux is closed to return to an initial state.
3. An electro-permanent magnet stepper motor according to claim 2, wherein: when pulse current is alternately circulated and fed into the plurality of electro-permanent magnets, the on-off state is alternately circulated, and the external magnetic flux state of the electro-permanent magnets is switched; when the plurality of permanent magnets alternately circulate and maintain external magnetic flux, magnetic attraction force is generated on the rotor iron ring, so that the rotor iron ring continuously and eccentrically swings.
4. An electro-permanent magnet stepper motor according to claim 1, wherein: the rare earth permanent magnet is high-coercivity neodymium iron boron or samarium cobalt, and the metal permanent magnet is low-coercivity aluminum nickel cobalt or iron chromium cobalt.
5. An electro-permanent magnet stepper motor according to claim 4, wherein: the rare earth permanent magnet is neodymium iron boron, and the metal permanent magnet is aluminum nickel cobalt.
6. An electro-permanent magnet stepper motor according to claim 1, wherein: and a wiring terminal is led out of the copper coil of each electro-permanent magnet and connected to the driver.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211030051.XA CN117674528A (en) | 2022-08-24 | 2022-08-24 | Electric permanent magnet type stepping motor |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211030051.XA CN117674528A (en) | 2022-08-24 | 2022-08-24 | Electric permanent magnet type stepping motor |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN117674528A true CN117674528A (en) | 2024-03-08 |
Family
ID=90068531
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211030051.XA Pending CN117674528A (en) | 2022-08-24 | 2022-08-24 | Electric permanent magnet type stepping motor |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN117674528A (en) |
-
2022
- 2022-08-24 CN CN202211030051.XA patent/CN117674528A/en active Pending
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