CN117581750A - Three-harvest planting and cultivating technology for cold shed income-creating fungus melon and sesame - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a three-harvest planting and cultivating technology for cold shed created fungus, melon and lucid ganoderma, which adopts morchella, watermelon and lucid ganoderma to be planted and harvested three times in a recyclable production year, and the planting method comprises the following steps: s1: selecting proper land to construct a cold shed; s2: performing adjustable shading and heat preservation transformation on the interior of the cold shed built in the step S1; s3: selecting a Morchella esculenta, a watermelon and a ganoderma lucidum suitable for planting; s4: planting watermelon and ganoderma; planting and harvesting watermelon and ganoderma in sequence in the middle ten days of 3 months to the late ten days of 10 months; s6: reserving the residual ganoderma lucidum fungus sticks after ganoderma lucidum harvest as soil fertilizer into a cold shed; s7: harvesting Morchella esculenta planted in the next 3 months of 11 months, and providing nutrition by the ganoderma lucidum fungus stick and the planting nutrition bag during the period. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: the three-harvest cultivation technology for the cold shed and the fungus melon and the ganoderma, which can create income for the cold shed and perform three-harvest cultivation, and ensure sustainable cultivation, is provided.

Description

Three-harvest planting and cultivating technology for cold shed income-creating fungus melon and sesame

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of cold shed income-creating planting, in particular to three-harvest planting and cultivating technologies of cold shed income-creating fungus melon and sesame.

Background

The greenhouse planted in the Shanxi greenhouse is divided into three types of greenhouse (1, cotton covered greenhouse), 2, sunlight greenhouse, 3 and cold greenhouse (only one layer of greenhouse film).

Because the greenhouse construction cost is as high as 5 tens of thousands of mu, and the cold greenhouse construction cost is about 1 tens of thousands of mu, a plurality of cold sheds exist in Shanxi areas at present, the conservation estimation of the Changzi county of the city is not completely counted, and if the greenhouse is transformed, the cost is too high, and the burden of farmers is not raised.

At present, the cold shed can realize two yields in one year locally, the watermelon and lucid ganoderma are planted in the middle of 3 months to the last 10 months, and the idle period of the shed is 11 months to 3 months. A new planting scheme is developed for the combination of yield increase and income increase. And planting Morchella in the middle of 11 months to the last of 3 months after the cold shed is simply and temporarily modified (the modification cost is about 1500 yuan/mu, and the equipment can be continuously used for more than 5 years). The Morchella production environment is a low-temperature high-humidity environment.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the technical defects and provide a three-harvest cultivation technology capable of creating income in a cold shed, performing three-harvest cultivation and guaranteeing sustainable cultivation.

In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows: three types of harvest planting and cultivating technologies of cold shed and bacterial melon and lucid ganoderma are adopted, and three types of planting and harvesting are carried out on morchella, watermelon and lucid ganoderma in a recyclable production year, and the planting method comprises the following steps: s1: selecting proper land to construct a cold shed; s2: performing adjustable shading and heat preservation transformation on the interior of the cold shed built in the step S1; s3: selecting a Morchella esculenta, a watermelon and a ganoderma lucidum suitable for planting; s4: planting watermelon and ganoderma; planting and harvesting watermelon and ganoderma in sequence in the middle ten days of 3 months to the late ten days of 10 months; s5: s4, planting the watermelon, wherein the planting needs warm seeds, accelerating germination and then sowing, each hole is 2-3 grains when sowing, the soil thickness is 0.5-1cm, and seedling stage management, field planting, field management and pest control are further included after the seedlings protrude out of the ground surface; s6: reserving the residual ganoderma lucidum fungus sticks after ganoderma lucidum harvest as soil fertilizer into a cold shed; s7: harvesting Morchella esculenta planted in the next 3 months of 11 months, and providing nutrition by the ganoderma lucidum fungus stick and the planting nutrition bag during the period.

As an improvement, the adjustable shading and heat preservation transformation adopts a structure that a sunshade net and a heat preservation inner film are arranged in a cold shed to form an original outer shed film, the sunshade net is added, and the inner film is added, and the structure is only applicable to Morchella planting, and the sunshade net and the heat preservation inner film are removed when watermelons and lucid ganoderma are planted.

As improvement, the varieties of the watermelon in the S3 are selected from the varieties of low-temperature resistant, weak light resistant, easy fruit bearing and easy close planting, such as the varieties of small-sized greenhouse watermelons selected from Huang Xiaoyu, hongshou Yu, shanxi national institute of agricultural science and vegetable institute, and the varieties of small-sized red jade seedless watermelons selected from Hunan province institute of China.

As an improvement, the nutrient pack base material comprises wheat, wood chips, bran and humus soil.

As improvement, the nutrition package base material ratio is 50% of wheat, 30% of corn, 15% of wood dust and 5% of bran, and the soil is evenly turned over before the next round of watermelon and ganoderma lucidum are planted, and the residual nutrition guarantees the watermelon and ganoderma lucidum to be planted.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: the method has the advantages that the empty period of the cold shed is fully utilized, the suitable seed is selected for planting and use in combination with the local characteristic, after ganoderma lucidum is harvested in the late 10 months, morchella can be planted, the Morchella strain planting period is 120 days, the mu yield is up to 1000 jin, 40-50 yuan/jin according to the purchase price, the mu yield increase of 40000 ten thousand or more can be realized, in addition, the labor management cost is low, 1 person can manage 5-10 greenhouses, after the Morchella is harvested, as the main base materials of the cultivated seeds and nutrient bags in the Morchella strain planting process are substances with higher nutrient components such as wheat, corn, wood chips, bran and the like, the nutrient substrates of the nutrient bags are absorbed, the weight is reduced by 70%, the Morchella strain is evenly scattered in the ground by manpower, and three kinds of sustainable planting can be realized by turning over the ground before planting watermelons.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail below.

Three types of harvest planting and cultivating technologies of cold shed and bacterial melon and lucid ganoderma are adopted, and three types of planting and harvesting are carried out on morchella, watermelon and lucid ganoderma in a recyclable production year, and the planting method comprises the following steps: s1: selecting proper land to construct a cold shed; s2: performing adjustable shading and heat preservation transformation on the interior of the cold shed built in the step S1; s3: selecting a Morchella esculenta, a watermelon and a ganoderma lucidum suitable for planting; s4: planting watermelon and ganoderma; planting and harvesting watermelon and ganoderma in sequence in the middle ten days of 3 months to the late ten days of 10 months;

s5: s4, planting the watermelon, wherein the planting needs warm seeds, accelerating germination and then sowing, each hole is 2-3 grains when sowing, the soil thickness is 0.5-1cm, and seedling stage management, field planting, field management and pest control are further included after the seedlings protrude out of the ground surface; in order to ensure that the watermelon can emerge and strong seedlings early and come into the market, the seeds are soaked in warm boiled water at 55 ℃ for 10min before sowing, the seeds are heated uniformly by stirring continuously, then the seeds are soaked in warm water which is cooled automatically for 3-5 h, saturated lime water is put into the water to remove the surface mucosa of the seeds, when the seed coats are not slippery, the seeds are washed by clean water, the water on the surfaces of the seeds is wiped off by a sterilized dry towel, the seeds are put into a germination accelerating vessel after the seed coats are broken, germination is carried out at the temperature of 32-35 ℃, the seeds can be sowed after the tender buds are just germinated, the seeds which are germinated are dispersed in prepared nutrition bowls or cave trays smoothly, and fine soil with the thickness of 0.5-1.Ocm is covered after each bowl (cave) is 2-3 grains. Before breaking the soil and emergence of seedlings, according to the soil-jacking capability of seeds, when the cotyledons are not yet emerged and the seedlings are about to protrude out of the ground surface, fine moisture soil with the thickness of 0.5cm is respectively covered to prevent the cotyledons from being emerged with caps.

After emergence, the temperature and humidity of the seedbed are adjusted in time, proper ventilation and ventilation are paid attention to, high-foot seedlings are prevented from being formed by the excessive growth of the seedlings, and 0.5% of compound fertilizer can be applied during field planting according to weather and seedling conditions after 1 leaf and 1 core of the seedlings grow out, or foliar fertilizer is sprayed to improve the heat resistance and cold resistance of the seedlings, and the occurrence of diseases and insect pests is paid attention to. The seedling stage management is mainly carried out on autumn and winter stubble, namely cooling and water control, and the early spring stubble is mainly carried out on heat preservation and seedling promotion.

10-15 days before planting the watermelon seedlings, the seedlings should be prepared in advance in a greenhouse. And (3) cultivating autumn and winter stubble, namely cultivating south high and north low, cultivating early spring stubble, namely cultivating north high and south low, applying 7000kg of decomposed organic fertilizer and 25-30 kg of diammonium phosphate every 667m < 2 >, and deeply raking, ridging and coating.

When the seedling age reaches about 45 days, the field planting can be carried out when the ground temperature in the furrow reaches 15 ℃. The planting is preferably carried out on sunny days, and a cross shape can be drawn at the planting position or a hole can be punched by a punching machine, so that the planting is not suitable to be too deep, and the root system growth is facilitated. The small-sized watermelons are small in single fruits, relatively short in vines and weak in growth vigor, and can be properly densely planted, 700-800 plants are planted in each 667m < 2 > when the creeping type cultivation beam is used for pruning, 500-600 plants are planted in each 667m < 2 > when the 3 vines are pruned, and the vine hanging cultivation is carried out according to the line spacing of 50cmx10Ocm plants, and 1000 plants are cultivated in each 667m < 2 >.

After 5-7 days of field planting, the greenhouse is sealed, the greenhouse is generally not ventilated, the temperature of the greenhouse is kept at 25-28 ℃ in the daytime and is not lower than 15 ℃ at night, so that seedling reviving is promoted. If the daytime temperature is higher than 35 ℃, shading and cooling measures should be adopted. If the air is forced to cool, heat preservation measures should be taken in the greenhouse, such as arranging a small arched greenhouse or adding a grass curtain. The times of irrigation and the water quantity are reduced as much as possible, so as to prevent the ground temperature from being reduced. The watermelon is not wet-proof, the relative humidity in the greenhouse is not excessive, the relative humidity in other greenhouses in each growing period is kept between 60 and 70 percent except for a slightly high initial stage of field planting,

when the true leaves of the watermelon seedlings are 5-6 pieces, 5 leaves are left for picking, a double-vine pruning method is adopted, when the vines grow to about 35cm, 2 robust vines with the length and the size are selected and left, all other vines are removed, sun Man growing on the 2 vines should be removed in time, and 10 leaves are left on the node position of the fruit bearing melon, and then topping can be carried out. The support cultivation can be carried out when the side branches of the underground part grow out by about 1m, and the support topping work is carried out until the watermelon expands when the support is full. For Sun Man with the top portion re-extended, the removal should be determined on the principle of no shading.

The vine binding and pruning work can be combined. When the plants are cultivated by the bracket, the bracket is put up when the plant is 50-60 cm long, and the vine is tied up in time, and each vine is tied up with 1 rod or nylon sling. After the 1 st vine is bound, the vine is elongated along with the melon vine, the vine is upwards guided to be bound in a small bending mode, the distance between the upper and lower vine binding ropes is about 25cm, the distance can be adjusted according to the situation, the melon vine growth is facilitated, and the melon vine is directly bound to the top of the frame. When the vines are bound, an 8-shaped buckle is adopted, and the vines are firmly bound on the vertical rod to prevent the vines from falling off; at the same time, care should be taken to manage the vines, and the melon embryo is left reasonably without breaking the tender vine leaves, female flowers or melon embryo; later vine binding should be performed without touching the melon.

In early spring, the greenhouse is used for cultivating the greenhouse watermelons, as the greenhouse is windless, insects are less in movement, the temperature in the greenhouse is lower in the period, particularly in overcast and rainy days, and the quantity of the male flowers scattered is less, so that artificial supplementary pollination is needed; meanwhile, spraying or smearing of the melon setting agent can ensure that fruits are set, and the aim of 1 plant with more fruits is fulfilled. The specific use method is that 50-100 times of the melon setting liquid is sprayed on the melon embryo by a small handheld sprayer 1d (day) before pollination, or is smeared by a writing brush, so that the melon embryo is uniformly coated with the medicine; or 10 times of the melon vine is smeared by the cantaloupe, the artificial supplementary pollination is carried out in the 2 nd day (day), the pollination time is generally carried out in the 8-9 am, and the pollination time can be properly delayed in rainy days. In general, 1 male flower gives 1 carved flower, the pollination is carried out by taking care of light hand, the fruit stalks and ovaries of the female flowers are not accessible, and the pollen of the male flowers is smeared on the heads of the female flowers as much as possible and uniformly.

The temperature difference in the northbound area is large, and the temperature change in the greenhouse is also large, so that the greenhouse must be reasonably fertilized and watered according to the soil humidity and the plant growth condition in the greenhouse. The watering amount after the melon seedlings are planted and before the vine stretching should not be too large, so that the ground temperature is increased, and the melon seedlings are strong. And 2 times of water is filled before the support is inserted in the vine stretching period, and the water quantity is moderate. After ditching and topdressing and bracket insertion, water can be poured for 1 time again, so that fertilizer efficiency is brought into play, and vines are promoted to stretch. Watering is not suitable for flowering and fruit setting period so as to prevent overgrowth and promote fruit setting. When the young melon grows to the large egg, the young melon is watered with little water to keep the ground moist, and the young melon can be watered for about 1 time in 5 days to promote the expansion of the young melon. After the watermelon is shaped, watering is carried out 1 time every 7 days, watering is stopped 5-7 days before harvesting, and the watermelon is promoted to be ripe and the quality is improved. In the watermelon expanding period and the shaping period, the flooding irrigation of large water is forbidden so as to avoid cracking fruits. The watermelon is rainy in flowering period, and the roof ventilation opening can not be opened in rainy days so as to prevent rainwater from falling into the greenhouse and affecting melon sitting. Spraying 0.4% ternary composite fertilizer water for 2-3 times after planting and before vine pouring to promote early growth and quick growth of melon seedling. Creeping cultivation, when the length of the melon vine is 40-50 cm, opening shallow grooves at the position 35cm away from the planting hole of the melon vine, and applying additional fertilizer. The bracket cultivation can be carried out before the bracket, after the small arch shed in the shed room is removed, shallow trench topdressing is carried out on two sides of melon ridges, 20kg of ternary compound fertilizer is applied every 667m < 2 >, when the eggs are large in fruits, 20kg of Shi Sanyuan compound fertilizer is applied every 667m < 2 > by combining with irrigation, and the melon expansion is promoted. In the middle and later stages of fruit development, 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate can be sprayed on the sunny day at about 5 pm or in the cloudy day to improve the yield and fruit quality. If the second crop of melon is harvested, 15kg of the ternary compound fertilizer is applied after every 667m < 2 > when the 1 st crop of fruit is harvested and the 2 nd crop of fruit is seated, so that the normal growth of the 2 nd crop of fruit is maintained.

Melon should be selected and kept with female flowers 2-3. Generally 3-5 days after pollination, the melon embryo grows obviously, and melon selection should be performed when the melon has large eggs. The principle is that a plant of two or three vines should be used for sitting melon, and young melon with thick and long stem, rapid growth, no damage and no deformity is selected. Aiming at sitting 2 fruits of the I plant, the method strives for multiple fruits of the I plant, which is 1 main measure for improving the yield of the watermelon in the greenhouse. Under the conditions of a bracket and vine hanging cultivation, when the melon grows to a bowl mouth and weighs about 0.5kg, the melon hanging is carried out so as to prevent the young melon from growing and increasing weight and falling. Under the condition of climbing vine cultivation, melon filling and melon turning should be carried out so as to lead the shape of the melon to be correct and improve the quality of fruits.

The main diseases of the greenhouse watermelons are damping-off, anthracnose, epidemic disease and fusarium wilt. The method for preventing the fusarium wilt mainly comprises the steps of selecting non-continuous cropping land planting and adopting a grafting cultivation method. The other diseases can be controlled by alternately using 500-800 times of 50% carbendazim, 600 times of 75% of chlorothalonil wettable powder solution, 25.9% of anti-cumin S00 times of liquid and other medicaments. The pesticide is sprayed 1 time every 7 days in sunny days and every 3-4 days in rainy days, and if the rainy shed is not closed, the pesticide is sprayed for 2-3 times in time, so that good control effect can be achieved. The main insect pests are cutworm, yellow gecko, aphid, etc. and the early stage can kill D quickly and the later stage can be controlled by 40% Dimethoate or 10% bellyband 1.8% mite.

The small watermelon in the greenhouse is generally small in size, thin in peel and good in quality, and the mature period of the small watermelon is about 25 days. The local sales is preferably nine-harvest, and the outward transportation is preferably eight-harvest. The melon should be turned for 1 time about 10 days before harvesting, so that the melon color is uniform and consistent, and the yin and yang surfaces are prevented. The ripeness judgment of the watermelon is based on the calculated days and accumulated temperature, and the combination of whether the melon peel is shiny or not and whether the finger is embossed to have elasticity or not. The picking should be done to a light picking and a light placing to prevent fruit cracking. After harvesting, the melon should be subjected to post-harvesting treatment, selected and classified, and packaged for marketing.

S6: reserving the residual ganoderma lucidum fungus sticks after ganoderma lucidum harvest as soil fertilizer into a cold shed; s7: harvesting Morchella esculenta planted in the next 3 months of 11 months, and providing nutrition by the ganoderma lucidum fungus stick and the planting nutrition bag during the period.

The adjustable shading and heat preservation transformation adopts a structure that a sunshade net and a heat preservation inner film are arranged in a cold shed to form an original outer shed film, the sunshade net is added, and the inner film is added, and the structure is only applicable to Morchella planting, and the sunshade net and the heat preservation inner film are removed when watermelons and lucid ganoderma are planted.

And S3, selecting a special greenhouse watermelon variety selected from Huang Xiaoyu, hongshaoyu, shanxi national institute of science and vegetable institute, a low-temperature resistant, weak light resistant, fruit setting-easy and close planting variety selected from Hongshaoyu seedless watermelon variety selected from Hunan province institute.

The nutrient pack base material comprises 50% of wheat, 30% of corn, 15% of wood dust and 5% of wheat bran, and is uniformly turned over before the next round of watermelon and ganoderma are planted, so that the residual nutrition guarantees the watermelon and ganoderma are planted.

The invention, when embodied, is not described in detail in this specification, belongs to the prior art known to those skilled in the art.

The invention and its embodiments have been described above without limitation. In summary, if one of ordinary skill in the art is informed by this disclosure, a structural manner and an embodiment similar to the technical solution should not be creatively devised without departing from the gist of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. A cold shed and created three kinds of receipts planting cultivation techniques of fungus melon and sesame, characterized by that: the morchella, the watermelon and the ganoderma are planted and harvested three times in one recyclable production year, and the planting method comprises the following steps:

s1: selecting proper land to construct a cold shed;

s2: performing adjustable shading and heat preservation transformation on the interior of the cold shed built in the step S1;

s3: selecting a Morchella esculenta, a watermelon and a ganoderma lucidum suitable for planting;

s4: planting watermelon and ganoderma; planting and harvesting watermelon and ganoderma in sequence in the middle ten days of 3 months to the late ten days of 10 months;

s5: s4, planting the watermelon, wherein the planting needs warm seeds, accelerating germination and then sowing, each hole is 2-3 grains when sowing, the soil thickness is 0.5-1cm, and seedling stage management, field planting, field management and pest control are further included after the seedlings protrude out of the ground surface;

s6: reserving the residual ganoderma lucidum fungus sticks after ganoderma lucidum harvest as soil fertilizer into a cold shed;

s7: harvesting Morchella esculenta planted in the next 3 months of 11 months, and providing nutrition by the ganoderma lucidum fungus stick and the planting nutrition bag during the period.

2. The three-harvest cultivation technique for the cold shed and the bacterial melon and the ganoderma lucidum, which is characterized in that: the adjustable shading and heat preservation transformation adopts a structure that a sunshade net and a heat preservation inner film are arranged in a cold shed to form an original outer shed film, the sunshade net is added, and the inner film is added, and the structure is only applicable to Morchella planting, and the sunshade net and the heat preservation inner film are removed when watermelons and lucid ganoderma are planted.

3. The three-harvest cultivation technique for the cold shed and the bacterial melon and the ganoderma lucidum, which is characterized in that: the S3 Chinese melon variety is selected from a special greenhouse watermelon variety selected from Huang Xiaoyu, hongshaoyu, shanxi national institute of science and vegetable, a variety selected from Hongshaoyu seedless watermelon variety selected from Hunan province institute of China, and the like, which is low-temperature resistant, weak light resistant, easy to fruit and suitable for close planting.

4. The three-harvest cultivation technique for the cold shed and the bacterial melon and the ganoderma lucidum, which is characterized in that: the nutrient bag base material comprises wheat, wood dust, bran and humus soil.

5. The three-harvest cultivation technique for the cold shed and the bacterial melon and the sesame is characterized in that: the nutrition package base material comprises 50% of wheat, 30% of corn, 15% of wood dust and 5% of bran, and is evenly turned over to the ground before the next round of watermelon and ganoderma lucidum are planted, and residual nutrition ensures the planting of watermelon and ganoderma lucidum.