CN117564387B - Method for preparing dissimilar metal composite structure by rotary hot dip connection and additive - Google Patents
Method for preparing dissimilar metal composite structure by rotary hot dip connection and additive Download PDFInfo
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- CN117564387B CN117564387B CN202410050078.8A CN202410050078A CN117564387B CN 117564387 B CN117564387 B CN 117564387B CN 202410050078 A CN202410050078 A CN 202410050078A CN 117564387 B CN117564387 B CN 117564387B
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- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 239000002905 metal composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 35
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 35
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 22
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 244000137852 Petrea volubilis Species 0.000 claims description 18
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000005219 brazing Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003618 dip coating Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010309 melting process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
- B23K1/0008—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering specially adapted for particular articles or work
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
- B23K1/20—Preliminary treatment of work or areas to be soldered, e.g. in respect of a galvanic coating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
- B23K1/20—Preliminary treatment of work or areas to be soldered, e.g. in respect of a galvanic coating
- B23K1/206—Cleaning
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Coating With Molten Metal (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of welding, and discloses a method for preparing a dissimilar metal composite structure by rotary hot dip connection and additive. In the preparation process, the uniform reaction of the dissimilar metal interface is ensured by adjusting the rotation speed and the rotation time, and the intermetallic compound is controlled within 10 mu m; the thickness of the low-melting-point liquid metal attached to the surface of the high-melting-point metal is regulated and controlled by controlling the dip plating time and the lifting speed at the accurate reaction temperature; additive manufacturing is achieved through repeated dip plating at a certain dip plating temperature. The dissimilar metal composite structure prepared by the method can ensure uniform interface reaction and effectively control the thickness of intermetallic compounds.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of welding, and particularly relates to a method for preparing a dissimilar metal composite structure by rotary hot dip connection and additive.
Background
With advances in industrial technology and materials science, the demand for metallic materials is becoming more and more diverse. Different kinds of metals have their own unique physical and chemical properties, and thus, joining them together allows for more flexible and versatile designs and applications. However, metallurgically incompatible dissimilar metals, such as aluminum/steel, aluminum/titanium, aluminum/copper, and the like, present significant difficulties in the joining process. The large difference in thermophysical properties and the formation of interfacial brittle intermetallic compounds makes the joining of highly heterogeneous metals very difficult. Particularly for tubular, annular and columnar dissimilar metals, the uniformity of the weld joint formation and the joint is more difficult to ensure.
At present, the connection method of dissimilar metal pipes such as aluminum/steel, aluminum/titanium, aluminum/copper and the like mainly comprises solid phase welding, brazing, melting-brazing and casting methods. Solid phase welding such as magnetic pulse welding and inertia friction welding can realize uniform and effective connection of dissimilar metal tubes, but the workpiece size and joint form are limited, the clamping requirement is high, the process is complex and the equipment is expensive. The brazing interface has long reaction time, the intermetallic compound grows more, and the use requirement can be met only through special welded joint structural design. Although the welding-brazing is limited by the size and shape of the workpiece, effective connection of the two parts of joints of welding and brazing is ensured, the heat input is relatively large, the growth of intermetallic compounds is not easy to control, the brittleness of the joint is large, and particularly for tubular joints, the joint of a welding starting point is difficult to be made to be even and consistent with the whole welding seam. Although the casting method can realize the effective connection of dissimilar metals, the casting method needs furnace cooling in the preparation process, has long interface reaction time, thicker intermetallic compounds and poorer joint performance.
As additive manufacturing methods for dissimilar metals such as aluminum/steel, aluminum/titanium, aluminum/copper, etc., there are mainly Cold Metal Transition (CMT) and twin wire arc additive manufacturing, laser deposition additive manufacturing. The additive manufacturing method has the defects that the heat input is relatively high, the surface forming is influenced by unstable molten pool, the interface residual stress is large, and cracks and the like are easy to generate. However, no mature and reliable technology exists at present for additive manufacturing of tubular or annular dissimilar metal composite structures with high difficulty.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for preparing a dissimilar metal composite structure by rotary hot dip connection and additive, which aims at solving the difficult problem of connection of metallurgically incompatible dissimilar metals, in particular to a tubular, annular and columnar dissimilar metal composite structure.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for preparing a dissimilar metal composite structure by rotary hot dip joining and additive, comprising the steps of:
(1) Cleaning and washing the surfaces of the dip plating piece and the melting piece, and then coating the surfaces of the washed dip plating piece with a non-corrosive brazing flux;
(2) Setting reaction temperature and reaction time, and placing a melting piece in a crucible of a resistance furnace to be heated to be melted and kept at a temperature so as to ensure that the temperature of molten liquid in a furnace chamber is uniform;
(3) Before the dissimilar metal is subjected to rotary hot dip connection, setting the rotation time and the rotation speed to ensure that the metallurgical reaction of the interface is uniform and reduce the thickness of intermetallic compounds of the interface;
(4) The dissimilar metal rotary hot dip connection is carried out to prepare uniform and reliable dissimilar metal connection joints;
(5) After the dissimilar metals are connected by rotating and hot dipping, the liquid metal is quickly solidified on the surface of the dip-coated piece by lifting;
(6) And (3) repeatedly hot-dipping the dissimilar metal connecting joint according to the size requirement of a specific composite structure to realize additive manufacturing.
Preferably, the dip plating piece in the step (1) is made of a high-melting point tubular or columnar metal material, the surfaces of the dip plating pieces are cleaned by using 800# sand paper, 1000# sand paper, 1200# sand paper, 1500# sand paper and 2000# sand paper in sequence to remove oxides and impurities on the surfaces, and then the surfaces are cleaned by using an ultrasonic device and dried.
The surface of the molten part was polished with 180# sandpaper to remove surface oxides and impurities, and then the surface was cleaned with acetone and dried.
Wherein the melting point of the immersion plating member is higher than the melting point of the molten member.
The brazing flux is KAlF 4 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The flux was diluted with acetone.
The coating process of the brazing flux comprises the following steps: firstly diluting the soldering flux into a thick paste, then rapidly coating the surface of the dip plating piece by using a hairbrush, and checking whether the surface of the dip plating piece is uniformly coated after coating is finished.
Preferably, the melting piece in the step (2) is an aluminum alloy, and the reaction temperature is 650-700 ℃ and the reaction time is 2-20 s.
The specific method for heating the melting piece in the crucible of the resistance furnace to melt comprises the following steps: firstly, introducing protective gas into the resistance furnace to prevent the melting piece from being oxidized in the heating and melting process, and then, placing the melting piece into a crucible of the resistance furnace to be heated until the melting piece is melted and preserving heat for 1h.
Preferably, the rotation time is set to 2-10 s in the step (3), and the rotation speed is set to 500-2000 r/min.
Preferably, the dissimilar metal rotary hot dip connection method in the step (4) comprises the following steps: the dip coated article is first secured to a holding tool and then immersed in a molten liquid by the holding tool.
Preferably, the specific steps of the step (6) of adding material are as follows: (1) Weighing the dissimilar metal connecting joint subjected to the first dip plating, obtaining the mass of a solidified melting piece through calculation, and adding the melting piece with corresponding mass into a crucible to ensure that the liquid volume of the melting piece in the crucible is consistent; (2) Fixing the dissimilar metal connecting joint after the first dip plating on a clamping tool; (3) Setting the temperature of the resistance furnace to 670-680 ℃, and preserving heat to reach the additive temperature; (4) Setting the reaction time to be 2-6 s, and ensuring effective combination of the additive materials; (5) setting a rotation speed of 0 r/min and a rotation time of 0 s; (6) Immersing the dissimilar metal connection joint into a molten piece in a resistance furnace; (7) And (3) repeating the steps (1) - (6) to obtain the additive materials with different thicknesses.
Preferably, the method further comprises the step (7) of detecting the mechanical properties of the dissimilar metal connecting joint, wherein the mechanical properties of the joint meet the required requirements.
Preferably, the method further comprises the step of (8) observing the intermetallic compound at the joint of the dissimilar metal connection joint by using a scanning electron microscope, wherein the thickness of the intermetallic compound is thin and uniform.
The invention is obviously different from the traditional hot dip plating technology, wherein the traditional hot dip plating is a surface engineering technology, and the plating layer is in a micron level, and the main purpose is to change the surface properties of the matrix material, such as wear resistance, corrosion resistance and the like. The invention innovatively develops the traditional hot dip coating into an advanced connection and additive manufacturing technology, and realizes the centimeter-level growth of the connection layer and the additive layer by precisely controlling the reaction time and the reaction temperature of the solid-liquid interface in the hot dip coating process, so that the micrometer-level dip coating is developed into a centimeter-level manufacturing layer. The method mainly aims at dissimilar tubular, annular or columnar metal connection and material addition, solid high-melting-point metal is immersed into low-melting-point liquid metal under a precisely controlled temperature window, the interface metallurgical reaction is ensured to be uniform by rotation, and the interface brittle intermetallic compound is promoted to be dissolved and the thickness is obviously reduced by interface forced convection generated by rotation; the high-melting-point metal is lifted from the liquid low-melting-point metal at a certain speed, so that the low-melting-point liquid metal is quickly solidified on the surface of the high-melting-point metal, and the thickness of the solidified metal layer is controlled by precisely controlling the interface reaction temperature, the reaction time and the lifting speed of the high-melting-point metal from the liquid low-melting-point metal.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention mainly aims at the preparation of dissimilar tubular, annular or columnar metal composite structures, proper temperature is set in the preparation process, solid high-melting-point metal is immersed into low-melting-point liquid metal, interface reaction uniformity is ensured and intermetallic compound generation is reduced by rotating at a certain speed, and the thickness of the intermetallic compound is controlled within 10 mu m, so that joint performance is ensured.
2. By precisely controlling the interface reaction time and the lifting speed of the high-melting-point metal from the liquid low-melting-point metal, the uniform metallurgical bonding of the interface, the effective control of the thickness of an interface compound and the rapid solidification and effective growth of the low-melting-point liquid metal on the surface of the high-melting-point metal are realized.
3. The invention provides a hot-dip additive manufacturing method, which increases the thickness of a manufacturing layer through repeated hot dipping and meets the design requirements of different structures.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a preparation process of a dissimilar metal composite structure by rotary hot dip joining and additive preparation, wherein the process is sequentially hot dip, rotary interface reaction regulation and compound thickness, lifting solidification and hot dip additive from left to right;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the apparatus used;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a rotating structure;
FIG. 4 is a rotational pulling process;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a rotary hot dip junction joint;
FIG. 6 is a top view of a rotary hot dip junction joint;
FIG. 7 is a schematic illustration of a composite structure of a rotary hot dip additive manufacturing dissimilar metals;
FIG. 8 is a macro-morphology of an aluminum/steel dissimilar metal connection joint;
FIG. 9 is a scanning electron micrograph of intermetallic compounds at aluminum/steel dissimilar metal joints;
FIG. 10 is a graph showing the effect of rotation on the overall thickness of interfacial intermetallic compounds;
FIG. 11 is a scanning electron microscope image of a non-rotating interface intermetallic compound;
FIG. 12 is a scanning electron microscope image of a rotating interface intermetallic compound;
the device comprises a clamping rod 1, a clamping rod gear 2, a connecting plate 3, a motor gear 4, a motor 5, a guide cylinder 6, a resistor furnace cover 7, a resistor furnace body 8, a dip plating piece fixing hole 9, a dip plating piece 10, a crucible 11, a melting piece 12, a dissimilar metal connector 13 and a dissimilar metal metallurgical bonding interface 15.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the drawings and examples.
The structures, proportions, sizes, etc. shown in the drawings are shown only in connection with the present disclosure, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the invention, but rather as limiting the scope of the invention, so that any structural modifications, proportional changes, or dimensional adjustments should fall within the scope of the invention without affecting the efficacy or achievement thereof. Also, the terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "middle," and "a" and the like recited in the present specification are merely for descriptive purposes and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, but are intended to provide relative positional changes or modifications without materially altering the technical context in which the invention may be practiced.
Example 1:
the method for preparing the composite structure by rotating and hot-dip connecting phi 10mm 321 stainless steel and phi 50mm pure aluminum is shown in fig. 1 and comprises the following steps:
(1) Cleaning 321 stainless steel surface
The 321 stainless steel with the diameter of 10mm and the length of 100 mm is cleaned with 800# sand paper, 1000# sand paper, 1200# sand paper, 1500# sand paper and 2000# sand paper in sequence to remove oxides and impurities on the surface, and then the stainless steel is cleaned and dried by an ultrasonic device.
(2) Cleaning the surface of pure aluminum
The surface of pure aluminum having a diameter of 50 a mm a and a length of 150 a mm a was sanded with No. 180 sand paper to remove surface oxides and impurities, and then the surface was cleaned with acetone and dried.
(3) Soldering flux coating
KAlF is firstly put into 4 Diluting the soldering flux into a thick paste by using acetone, and then rapidly smearing the soldering flux on the surface of stainless steel by using a hairbrush; after the coating is finished, checking whether the stainless steel surface is uniformly coated.
(4) Solid-liquid interface reaction is carried out under precise control
As shown in fig. 2 to 7, the resistance furnace 8 is firstly filled with a protective gas, and then a pure aluminum rod (a melting piece 12) is put into a crucible 11 of the resistance furnace to be heated until the pure aluminum rod is melted; the resistance furnace 8 is heated until the aluminum bar is melted and kept at 670 ℃ for 1 hour, so that the temperature of the furnace chamber is ensured to be uniform.
Fixing the 321 stainless steel 10 coated with the brazing flux on the clamping rod 1 and fixing the 321 stainless steel 10 coated with the brazing flux through the fixing holes 9, and immersing the 321 stainless steel 10 coated with the brazing flux into the molten metal in the crucible 11; the motor 5 outputs power to the motor gear 4, the motor gear 4 drives the clamping rod gear 2 meshed with the motor gear 4 to drive the clamping rod 1 to rotate, the rotation speed of the motor 5 is set to be 2000 r/min, the rotation time is set to be 5 s, the dip plating time is set to be 10 s through the clamping rod 1, and the lifting speed is set to be 0.3 m/s.
(5) And after the dip plating is finished, the liquid metal is quickly solidified on the surface of the dip plated piece through lifting.
Wherein, motor 5 is fixed in on connecting plate 3, connecting plate 3 one end is fixed in on guide cylinder 6, guide cylinder 6 is vertical to be fixed in resistance bell 7 upper surface, resistance bell 7 is installed in resistance furnace body 8 upper portion, clamping lever 1 passes and is fixed in clamping lever gear 2, the clamping lever passes clamping lever gear 2 from top to bottom in proper order, connecting plate 3, guide cylinder 6 and resistance bell 7 stretch into in the resistance furnace body 8, set up the fixed orifices 9 that are used for fixed holder on the side near clamping lever 1 lower extreme, there is fastening screw in the fixed orifices 9.
(6) Mechanical detection
a) Sample fixture
Preparing a mechanical detection experiment clamp.
b) Clamping device
The prepared dissimilar metal joint 13 is mounted on a sample fixture to prevent detection errors caused by the clamping.
c) Mechanical experiment
And on a tensile testing machine, the shearing resistance of the joint is detected by applying tensile force to the two ends of the dissimilar metal joint 13, and the mechanical property of the joint reaches 150 Mpa.
(7) Aluminum-steel dissimilar metal interface inspection
As shown in FIG. 8, the aluminum-steel interface was well formed, and the joint was free of cracks, pores and unfused.
(8) Inspection of intermetallic compounds of aluminum-steel dissimilar metal interfaces
Observing intermetallic compound of dissimilar metal metallurgical bonding interface of stainless steel and aluminum by using scanning electron microscope, and generating intermetallic compound of Fe 4 Al 13 (see FIG. 9). In addition, the rotation can effectively control the thickness of the intermetallic compound (less than 10 μm) and make the thickness of the intermetallic compound more uniform (see fig. 10-12).
Example 2:
the method for preparing the composite structure by using the phi 10mm 321 stainless steel and the phi 50mm pure aluminum rotary hot dip additive comprises the following steps:
(1) Cleaning 321 stainless steel surface
The 321 stainless steel with the diameter of 10mm and the length of 100 mm is cleaned with 800# sand paper, 1000# sand paper, 1200# sand paper, 1500# sand paper and 2000# sand paper in sequence to remove oxides and impurities on the surface, and then the stainless steel is cleaned and dried by an ultrasonic device.
(2) Cleaning the surface of pure aluminum
The surface of pure aluminum having a diameter of 50 a mm a and a length of 150 a mm a was sanded with No. 180 sand paper to remove surface oxides and impurities, and then the surface was cleaned with acetone and dried.
(3) Soldering flux coating
KAlF is firstly put into 4 Diluting the soldering flux into a thick paste by using acetone, and then rapidly smearing the soldering flux on the surface of stainless steel by using a hairbrush; after the coating is finished, checking whether the stainless steel surface is uniformly coated.
(4) Solid-liquid interface reaction is carried out under precise control
As shown in fig. 2 to 7, the resistance furnace 8 is firstly filled with a protective gas, and then a pure aluminum rod (a melting piece 12) is put into a crucible 11 of the resistance furnace to be heated until the pure aluminum rod is melted; the resistance furnace 8 is heated until the aluminum bar is melted and kept at 670 ℃ for 1 hour, so that the temperature of the furnace chamber is ensured to be uniform.
Fixing the 321 stainless steel 10 coated with the brazing flux on the clamping rod 1 and fixing the 321 stainless steel 10 coated with the brazing flux through the fixing holes 9, and immersing the 321 stainless steel 10 coated with the brazing flux into the molten metal in the crucible 11; the motor 5 outputs power to the motor gear 4, the motor gear 4 drives the clamping rod gear 2 meshed with the motor gear 4 to drive the clamping rod 1 to rotate, the rotation speed of the motor 5 is set to be 1500 r/min, the rotation time is set to be 5 s, the dip plating time is set to be 10 s through the clamping rod 1, and the lifting speed is set to be 0.1 m/s.
(5) And after the dip plating is finished, the liquid metal is quickly solidified on the surface of the dip plated piece through lifting.
(6) Additive manufacturing of aluminum on stainless steel surface by repeated hot dipping
a) Weighing the steel/aluminum dissimilar metal connecting piece subjected to the first dip plating, calculating to obtain the mass of solidified aluminum, and adding aluminum with corresponding mass into the crucible to ensure that the aluminum liquid volume in the crucible is consistent;
b) Fixing the steel/aluminum dissimilar metal connecting joint on the clamping rod 1 and fixing the steel/aluminum dissimilar metal connecting joint through a fixing hole 9;
c) The temperature of the resistance furnace was set to 670 ℃, and the temperature was kept to reach the temperature of the additive, and the reaction time was set to 4 s. Effective combination of the additive materials is ensured;
d) The rotation speed is set to be 0 r/min, the rotation time is set to be 0 s, and the pulling speed is set to be 0.1 m/s.
e) Immersing the steel/aluminum connecting piece into molten aluminum liquid in a resistance furnace;
f) Different thicknesses of the aluminum layers were obtained, and steps a), b), c), d), e) were repeated to prepare an additive composite structure as shown in fig. 7.
(7) Mechanical detection
a) Sample fixture
Preparing a mechanical detection experiment clamp.
b) Clamping device
And mounting the prepared aluminum-steel additive manufacturing composite structure on a sample clamp to prevent detection errors caused by clamping.
c) Mechanical experiment
And on a tensile testing machine, the shearing resistance of the joint is detected by applying tensile force to the two ends of the joint, and the mechanical property of the joint reaches 80 Mpa.
(8) Inspection of compounds
Observing intermetallic compounds at the joint of the dissimilar metal connecting joint by using a scanning electron microscope and a metallographic microscope, wherein the generated intermetallic compounds are uniform.
While the foregoing describes the embodiments of the present invention, it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, and that various modifications and changes can be made by those skilled in the art without any inventive effort.
Claims (9)
1. The method for preparing the dissimilar metal composite structure by rotary hot dip connection and additive is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) Cleaning and cleaning the surfaces of the stainless steel dip plating piece and the pure aluminum melting piece, and then coating the surface of the cleaned dip plating piece with a brazing flux KAlF 4 ；
(2) Setting reaction temperature and dip plating time, and placing a melting piece in a crucible of a resistance furnace to be heated to be molten and kept at a temperature so as to ensure that the temperature of molten liquid in a furnace chamber is uniform; the reaction temperature is 650-700 ℃ and the dip plating time is 2-20 s;
(3) Before the dissimilar metal is subjected to rotary hot dip connection, setting the rotation time and the rotation speed to ensure the uniformity of the metallurgical reaction of the interface and reduce the thickness of the intermetallic compound of the interface, wherein the rotation time is 2-10 s, and the rotation speed is 500-2000 r/min;
(4) The dissimilar metal rotary hot dip connection is carried out to prepare uniform and reliable dissimilar metal connection joints;
(5) After the dissimilar metals are connected by rotating and hot dipping, the liquid metal is quickly solidified on the surface of the dip-coated piece by lifting, and the lifting speed is 0.1-0.3 m/s;
(6) According to the size requirement of a specific composite structure, the dissimilar metal connecting joint is subjected to repeated hot dipping to realize additive manufacturing, and the specific steps of the additive are as follows:
(a) Weighing the dissimilar metal connecting joint subjected to the first dip plating, obtaining the mass of a solidified melting piece layer through calculation, supplementing a melting piece into a crucible of a resistance furnace, and ensuring that the volume of molten metal liquid in the crucible is consistent;
(b) Fixing the dissimilar metal connecting joint after the first dip plating on a clamping tool;
(c) Setting the temperature of the resistance furnace to 670-680 ℃, and preserving heat to reach the additive temperature;
(d) Setting the reaction time to be 2-6 s, and ensuring effective combination of the additive materials;
(e) Setting the rotation speed to be 0 r/min and the rotation time to be 0 s;
(e) Performing hot dip additive on dissimilar metals;
(f) Repeating the steps (a) - (e) to obtain additive layers with different thicknesses.
2. The method for rotary hot dip joining and additive manufacturing of a dissimilar metal composite structure according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the surface of the dip coated member is sequentially cleaned with 800#, 1000#, 1200#, 1500# and 2000# sandpaper to remove oxides and impurities from the surface, and then the surface is cleaned with an ultrasonic device and dried.
3. The method for rotary hot dip joining and additive manufacturing of dissimilar metal composite structures according to claim 1, wherein in step (1), the surface of the molten part is sanded with No. 180 sand paper to remove surface oxides and impurities, and then the surface is washed with acetone and dried.
4. A method of rotary hot dip coating and additive manufacturing a dissimilar metal composite structure according to claim 1, wherein the immersion coated member has a higher melting point than the molten member.
5. The method for rotary hot dip joining and additive manufacturing of dissimilar metal composite structures according to claim 1, wherein in step (1), the flux is diluted with acetone, and the application process of the flux is as follows: diluting the soldering flux into a thick paste, then rapidly coating the surface of the dip plating piece by using a hairbrush, and checking whether the surface of the dip plating piece is uniformly coated or not after coating is finished.
6. The method for rotary hot dip joining and additive manufacturing of dissimilar metal composite structures according to claim 1, wherein in step (2), the specific method of placing the molten part in the electric resistance furnace crucible to be heated to be molten is as follows: firstly, introducing protective gas into the resistance furnace to prevent the melting piece from being oxidized in the heating and melting process, and then, placing the melting piece into a crucible of the resistance furnace to be heated to be melted and preserving heat for 1 hour.
7. The method for spin-dip joining and additive manufacturing of dissimilar metal composite structures of claim 1, wherein the specific method for spin-dip joining of step (4) is: the dip coated article is first secured to a holding tool and then immersed in a molten metal bath by the holding tool.
8. The method for rotary hot dip joining and additive manufacturing of dissimilar metal composite structures of claim 1, further comprising the step of (7) mechanical property testing of the dissimilar metal joining joint.
9. The method of rotary hot dip joining and additive manufacturing a dissimilar metal composite structure of claim 1, further comprising step (8) of observing the intermetallic compound at the dissimilar metal joint with a scanning electron microscope.
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