CN117547765A - Battery module, electrochemical energy storage power station distributed self-triggering battery thermal runaway suppression device and method - Google Patents
Battery module, electrochemical energy storage power station distributed self-triggering battery thermal runaway suppression device and method Download PDFInfo
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- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 238000012983 electrochemical energy storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
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- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- DHEQXMRUPNDRPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium nitrate Chemical compound [Sr+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O DHEQXMRUPNDRPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-6-methylphenol Chemical compound [CH]OC1=CC=CC([CH])=C1O KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005518 electrochemistry Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 16
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 25
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000443 aerosol Substances 0.000 description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 7
- 210000001787 dendrite Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 3
- GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium iron phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Fe+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 3
- QQZOPKMRPOGIEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Oxohexane Chemical class CCCCC(C)=O QQZOPKMRPOGIEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011883 electrode binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- UKACHOXRXFQJFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptafluoropropane Chemical compound FC(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F UKACHOXRXFQJFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010710 LiFePO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010292 electrical insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 229910000040 hydrogen fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011081 inoculation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000452 restraining effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007655 standard test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
- H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
- A62C3/16—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places in electrical installations, e.g. cableways
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C31/00—Delivery of fire-extinguishing material
- A62C31/005—Delivery of fire-extinguishing material using nozzles
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C31/00—Delivery of fire-extinguishing material
- A62C31/02—Nozzles specially adapted for fire-extinguishing
- A62C31/05—Nozzles specially adapted for fire-extinguishing with two or more outlets
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C37/00—Control of fire-fighting equipment
- A62C37/08—Control of fire-fighting equipment comprising an outlet device containing a sensor, or itself being the sensor, i.e. self-contained sprinklers
- A62C37/10—Releasing means, e.g. electrically released
- A62C37/11—Releasing means, e.g. electrically released heat-sensitive
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
- H01M10/627—Stationary installations, e.g. power plant buffering or backup power supplies
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/653—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by electrically insulating or thermally conductive materials
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Emergency Management (AREA)
- Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a battery module, an electrochemical energy storage power station distributed self-triggering battery thermal runaway suppression device and a method. The suppression device comprises a thermosensitive insulating material, a temperature-sensitive initiator and a shell, wherein the thermosensitive insulating material is used for extinguishing and cooling the thermal runaway battery through the heat absorption and cooling effect, the gas phase chemical suppression effect, the solid phase chemical suppression effect and the physical suppression effect. The device is fixed right above the battery monomer explosion-proof valve, and a large amount of high-temperature flue gas is sprayed upwards from the explosion-proof valve to heat the temperature-sensitive initiator to trigger after the battery thermal runaway explosion-proof valve is opened, so that the device can be effectively prevented from being triggered by mistake while the battery thermal runaway is effectively restrained. Meanwhile, the device is small in size, low in cost and free from power supply, the continuous use of other normal batteries can not be influenced after the device is started, a self-triggering battery thermal runaway suppression device is configured for each battery monomer in the energy storage battery module, distributed thermal runaway suppression of the electrochemical energy storage power station can be effectively realized, and the safe operation of the energy storage power station is ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of energy storage power station fire control, and particularly relates to a battery module, an electrochemical energy storage power station distributed self-triggering battery thermal runaway suppression device and method.
Background
The energy storage technology plays important roles in peak regulation and frequency modulation, flexible output, reactive power support and the like in various links of power system generation, transmission, distribution and power consumption, and is one of key technologies for realizing intelligent power grids. Lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO) 4 ) The battery has the advantages of high working voltage, high energy density, long cycle life and the like, and is widely applied to the field of large-scale energy storage. With the large-scale engineering application of the lithium iron phosphate battery energy storage in the power grid, the safety problem of the energy storage system is also more and more prominent. Insufficient consistency of the battery cells, degradation of battery performance, failure of a protection system and the like can cause unavoidable abuse conditions of the battery such as overcharge, overdischarge, overheat and the like. For example, under the overcharge condition, lithium dendrite continuously grows on a graphite negative electrode to possibly perforate a battery polymer diaphragm, so that direct contact of a positive electrode and a negative electrode is caused to generate short circuit, thermal runaway of a single battery is caused, and high temperature generated after the thermal runaway of the single battery can further cause thermal runaway of adjacent batteries, so that thermal runaway of a battery module is caused, and finally serious safety accidents such as fire, explosion and the like are caused. Therefore, the thermal runaway inhibition of the energy storage lithium battery has important significance for the safe operation of the lithium battery energy storage power station.
The main fire extinguishing agent types for inhibiting lithium battery fire at present are dry powder extinguishing agent, gas extinguishing agent, water mist spray fire extinguishing agent, heptafluoropropane fire extinguishing agent and perfluorinated hexanone fire extinguishing agent. The dry powder extinguishing agent and the gas extinguishing agent can completely block the contact between the battery and the air, can cool to a certain extent, but have poor effect, and the extinguishing agent can not prevent the thermal runaway of the battery, and can often generate afterburning and explosion; the temperature of the water mist spraying fire extinguishing battery can be obviously reduced, the thermal runaway spreading time can be effectively prolonged, but once spraying is stopped, the battery is extremely easy to generate thermal runaway again, and gases such as hydrogen, hydrogen fluoride and the like can be generated after the water mist is extinguished, so that the danger of fire rescue is increased, the damage of a circuit of a power storage station can be possibly caused, the electrical insulation of an energy storage system can be permanently damaged due to the excessive water quantity, the temperature inhibition effect of the water mist spraying in different thermal runaway stages of the lithium battery is greatly different, the thermal runaway can be effectively inhibited when the water mist spraying fire extinguishing battery is used in an initial explosion stage, and the water mist spraying fire extinguishing battery is basically ineffective when the water mist spraying fire extinguishing battery is used in a fire explosion stage; although the heptafluoropropane can rapidly isolate the contact between the lithium battery and the air so as to achieve the effect of extinguishing the fire, the system temperature cannot be rapidly reduced so as to prevent the thermal runaway of the lithium battery, the chemical reaction inside the energy storage battery is still continuously carried out, and a large amount of smoke gas consisting of combustible substances is generated in the reaction process, so that the secondary combustion and explosion are easy to occur; the perfluorinated hexanone can effectively control the thermal runaway of the battery, but can release a large amount of acid smoke to corrode the battery module and even the whole battery cluster. Meanwhile, the existing energy storage power station fire-fighting system is mainly centralized, and at most, the energy storage power station fire-fighting system can only take a battery module as a minimum unit for prevention and control, and the energy storage power station battery modules are arranged in a single prefabricated cabin to be highly dense, so that fire extinguishing agents are difficult to enter a battery body, thermal runaway is still in inoculation, occurrence and expansion, and afterburning is very easy to occur.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a device and a method for suppressing thermal runaway of a battery module and an electrochemical energy storage power station distributed self-triggering battery around the fire-fighting problem of the energy storage power station, so as to overcome the defects in the prior art, suppress the thermal runaway of a single battery at early stage and improve the operation safety of the energy storage power station.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides an electrochemistry energy storage power station distributing type is from triggering battery thermal runaway suppression device, includes shell, heat sensitive insulating material and temperature sensitive initiator, and temperature sensitive initiator sets up on heat sensitive insulating material, and the shell cladding is in heat sensitive insulating material and temperature sensitive initiator overall structure's outside, has seted up first through-hole in the position just right with temperature sensitive initiator on the shell, has seted up a plurality of second through-holes in the position just right with heat sensitive insulating material on the shell, temperature critical value of temperature sensitive initiator is greater than battery normal operating temperature maximum value and is less than heat sensitive insulating material reaction temperature, and when temperature sensitive initiator temperature exceeded critical temperature, temperature sensitive initiator reacted and triggered heat sensitive insulating material and reacted, can produce fire extinguishing agent after the heat sensitive insulating material reaction.
Preferably, the temperature sensitive initiator is arranged at the center of the heat sensitive insulating material, and the temperature sensitive initiator is exposed on the surface of the heat sensitive insulating material.
Preferably, the heat-sensitive insulating material comprises an oxidant, a flammable agent and a binder, wherein the oxidant comprises potassium nitrate and strontium nitrate, the flammable agent comprises magnesium and aluminum, and the binder adopts sodium silicate or phenolic resin.
Preferably, the shell is provided with a fixed screw hole.
The invention also provides a battery module, which comprises a battery module shell, a plurality of battery monomers arranged in the battery module shell and the electrochemical energy storage power station distributed self-triggering battery thermal runaway suppression device, wherein the electrochemical energy storage power station distributed self-triggering battery thermal runaway suppression device is arranged in the battery module shell at a position opposite to the top of the battery monomers, the shell is connected with the battery module shell, and the first through hole and the second through hole are opposite to the battery monomers.
Preferably, the first through holes are opposite to the explosion-proof valve at the top of the battery cell, and the distribution range of all the second through holes covers the range occupied by the battery cell.
Preferably, the distance between the housing and the top of the battery cell is 1-5cm.
Preferably, the battery module shell is internally provided with the electrochemical energy storage power station distributed self-triggering battery thermal runaway suppression device at the position opposite to the top of each battery cell.
Preferably, the outer case is connected with the battery module case by means of gluing or screw fixation.
The invention relates to a method for restraining thermal runaway of a battery module, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
when the battery monomer is in thermal runaway, an explosion-proof valve on the battery monomer in thermal runaway is opened, high-temperature flue gas sprayed from the explosion-proof valve is contacted with the temperature-sensitive initiator through a first through hole and triggers the temperature-sensitive initiator to react, the temperature-sensitive insulating material is triggered to react after the temperature-sensitive initiator reacts, the generated fire extinguishing agent is sprayed from a second through hole, and the fire extinguishing agent sprayed from the second through hole is sprayed on the battery monomer in thermal runaway and around the battery monomer to extinguish and cool the battery monomer in thermal runaway.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the distributed self-triggering battery thermal runaway suppression device for the electrochemical energy storage power station is provided with the temperature sensing initiator, the temperature sensing initiator can react by utilizing heat generated during battery thermal runaway, the heat generated after the reaction of the temperature sensing initiator can trigger a thermosensitive insulating material to react, the temperature sensing initiator plays a role of a fuze, the function of automatically starting the device when the battery is in thermal runaway is realized, external equipment such as a sensor and a power supply is not needed, and the structure of a fire protection system of a large-scale energy storage power station is greatly simplified; the heat-sensitive insulating material can generate fire extinguishing agent after reacting, and the generated fire extinguishing agent can be sprayed out through a plurality of second through holes, so that the automatic fire extinguishing of the battery is realized. The distributed self-triggering battery thermal runaway suppression device for the electrochemical energy storage power station can suppress battery thermal runaway in early stage, and improves the operation safety of the energy storage power station.
Drawings
Fig. 1 (a) is a front view of an arrangement of a self-triggering battery thermal runaway suppression device in a battery module according to an embodiment of the present invention, fig. 1 (b) is a left side view of fig. 1 (a), and fig. 1 (c) is a top view of fig. 1 (a);
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a self-triggering battery thermal runaway suppression device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the self-triggering battery thermal runaway suppression device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure, a distributed self-triggering battery thermal runaway suppression device of a 1-electrochemical energy storage power station; 2-a battery module case; 3-battery cells; 3-1-explosion-proof valve; 3-2-positive and negative electrode posts; 4-a temperature-sensitive initiator; 6-a housing; 7-fixing screw holes; 8-a heat sensitive insulating material; 9-a first through hole; 10-second through holes.
Detailed Description
In order to better understand the self-triggering battery thermal runaway suppression device and the working principle thereof in the present invention, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments.
Referring to fig. 2, the distributed self-triggering battery thermal runaway suppression device of the electrochemical energy storage power station comprises a shell 6, a thermosensitive insulating material 8 and a thermosensitive initiator 4, wherein the thermosensitive initiator 4 is arranged on the thermosensitive insulating material 8, the shell 6 is coated outside the integral structure of the thermosensitive insulating material 8 and the thermosensitive initiator 4, a first through hole 9 is formed in the position, opposite to the thermosensitive initiator 4, of the shell 6, a plurality of second through holes 10 are formed in the position, opposite to the thermosensitive insulating material 8, of the shell 6, the temperature critical value of the thermosensitive initiator 4 is larger than the maximum value of the normal working temperature of the battery and smaller than the reaction temperature of the thermosensitive insulating material, and when the temperature of the thermosensitive initiator 4 exceeds the critical temperature, the thermosensitive initiator 4 reacts and triggers the thermosensitive insulating material 8 to react, and the thermosensitive insulating material 8 can generate fire extinguishing agent after reacting. The temperature-sensitive initiator 4 and the thermal-sensitive insulating material 8 may be selected according to the actual working temperature and thermal runaway temperature of the battery, and the invention is not limited thereto, and in general, the thermal-sensitive insulating material 8 may be a material comprising an oxidizing agent, a combustible agent and a binder, wherein the oxidizing agent comprises potassium nitrate and strontium nitrate, the combustible agent comprises magnesium and aluminum, and the binder is water glass or phenolic resin. The thermosensitive insulating material reacts to generate micron-sized solid particle aerosol, and the modes of absorbing flame temperature, absorbing active free radicals in combustion matters, absorbing charged particles, isolating and diluting oxygen in air and the like are used for comprehensively absorbing heat and cooling, inhibiting gas phase chemistry, inhibiting solid phase chemistry and physically inhibiting effect to extinguish and cool thermal runaway of the battery, so that the thermal runaway temperature of the battery can be effectively reduced, the fire can be extinguished, and the afterburning of the battery can be prevented. The temperature sensitive initiator 4 may be any initiator that meets the above requirements.
The working principle of the distributed self-triggering battery thermal runaway suppression device of the electrochemical energy storage power station comprises the following steps:
referring to fig. 1 (a) -3, when thermal runaway occurs in the battery cell 3, the electrode binder reacts with lithium dendrite to generate H at the time of thermal runaway of the battery 2 SEI film destruction and reformation to produce CO 2 Side reaction between lithium dendrite and electrolyte continuously releases alkane gas, and electrolyte is decomposed to generate H at 200-300 deg.C 2 、CO、CO 2 The method comprises the steps of continuously generating gas in a battery to cause the gas pressure in the battery to continuously rise, opening the battery explosion-proof valve when the gas pressure in the battery reaches the opening threshold value of the battery explosion-proof valve, spraying a large amount of high-temperature flue gas in the battery upwards from the battery explosion-proof valve, enabling the high-temperature flue gas sprayed from the explosion-proof valve 3-1 to contact with the temperature-sensitive initiator 4 through a first through hole 9 and trigger the temperature-sensitive initiator 4 to react, triggering the temperature-sensitive insulating material 8 to react after the temperature-sensitive initiator 4 reacts, generating a large amount of micron-sized solid particle aerosol (namely generating fire extinguishing agent) after the temperature-sensitive insulating material 8 reacts, spraying a large amount of micron-sized solid particle aerosol from a second through hole 10, and spraying the fire extinguishing agent sprayed from the second through hole 10 on the battery monomer 3 with thermal runaway and around the battery monomer 3 to extinguish the fire and cool the battery monomer 3 with thermal runaway. It can be seen that the self-triggering battery thermal runaway suppression device of the invention utilizes the high-temperature flue gas to trigger the temperature-sensing initiator to start fire extinguishment and cooling after the battery thermal runaway explosion-proof valve is opened, does not need external equipment such as additional sensors, power supplies and the like, and meanwhile, the temperature-sensing initiator does not need itselfThe battery is directly contacted with the battery, and false triggering of the self-triggering battery thermal runaway suppression device can be effectively avoided.
As a preferred embodiment of the invention, the temperature sensitive initiator 4 is arranged at the center of the heat sensitive insulating material 8, so that the temperature sensitive insulating material 8 can be triggered to react integrally at a relatively high speed after the temperature sensitive initiator 4 reacts, thereby improving the speed of inhibiting the thermal runaway of the battery; the temperature sensitive initiator 4 is exposed on the surface of the heat sensitive insulating material 8, so that the temperature sensitive initiator 4 can timely contact with a high-temperature environment (such as high-temperature smoke) generated by thermal runaway of the battery, and the temperature sensitive initiator 4 is triggered to react first.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the housing 6 is provided with a fixing screw hole 7, and the housing 6 can be conveniently fixed by the fixing screw hole 7 and a screw.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the housing 6 may be made of an insulating, corrosion resistant, lightweight material for filling the thermally sensitive insulating material and securing the temperature sensitive initiator 4 to shape the self-triggering battery thermal runaway suppression device. The first through hole 9 and the second through hole 10 are round holes, and the diameter of the first through hole 9 is larger than that of the second through hole 10. The second through holes 10 are uniformly distributed on the surface of the shell 6, which is opposite to the battery monomer 3, so that the reaction products of the thermosensitive insulating material are conveniently sprayed out from the inside of the self-triggering battery thermal runaway suppression device, and the battery thermal runaway is suppressed.
Referring to fig. 1 (a) -1 (c), the battery module of the invention comprises a battery module shell 2, a plurality of battery cells 3 arranged in the battery module shell 2 and the electrochemical energy storage power station distributed self-triggering battery thermal runaway suppression device 1, wherein the electrochemical energy storage power station distributed self-triggering battery thermal runaway suppression device 1 is arranged in the battery module shell 2 at a position opposite to the top of the battery cells 3, a shell 6 is connected with the battery module shell 2, and a first through hole 9 and a second through hole 10 are opposite to the battery cells 3; when the battery monomer 3 is in thermal runaway, as the first through hole 9 and the second through hole 10 are opposite to the battery monomer 3, when the battery monomer 3 is in thermal runaway, generated high-temperature smoke can be quickly and directly contacted with the temperature-sensitive initiator 4 through the first through hole 9 and trigger the temperature-sensitive initiator 4 to react, then the temperature-sensitive initiator 4 triggers the heat-sensitive insulating material 8 to react, and the fire extinguishing agent generated after the heat-sensitive insulating material 8 reacts can be directly covered on and around the battery monomer 3 in thermal runaway through the second through hole 10, so that the battery monomer 3 in thermal runaway can be quickly cooled down and extinguished in time.
As a preferred embodiment of the invention, the first through holes 9 are opposite to the explosion-proof valve 3-1 at the top of the battery monomer 3, a large amount of high-temperature smoke is sprayed upwards from the explosion-proof valve 3-1 to heat the temperature-sensitive initiator to trigger the device after the explosion-proof valve is opened, so that false triggering of the device can be avoided, meanwhile, the temperature-sensitive initiator 4 is triggered to react timely and quickly, the distribution range of all the second through holes 10 covers the range occupied by the battery monomer 3, and thus, the fire extinguishing agent can cover the battery monomer 3 with thermal runaway and the surrounding thereof, and quick fire extinguishing is realized.
As a preferred embodiment of the invention, the time from the sensing of the abnormal temperature by the temperature sensitive initiator to the complete reaction of the thermosensitive insulation material in the self-triggering battery thermal runaway suppression device to the ejection of micron-sized solid particle aerosol is less than 2 seconds, the whole appearance of the device is strip-shaped and is arranged along the battery direction, and the battery thermal runaway suppression effect is improved to the greatest extent. The internal space of the battery module of the energy storage power station is narrow, and the self-triggering battery thermal runaway suppression device can be adjusted in shape according to the requirement and flexibly arranged in the battery module.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the distance between the housing 6 and the top of the battery cell 3 is 1-5cm, which can ensure the rapid triggering of the reaction of the distributed self-triggering battery thermal runaway suppression device of the electrochemical energy storage power station of the present invention, and can allow the generated extinguishing agent to cover and surround the battery cell 3 where thermal runaway occurs.
As a preferred embodiment of the invention, the electrochemical energy storage power station distributed self-triggering battery thermal runaway suppression device 1 is arranged in the battery module shell 2 at the position opposite to the top of each battery cell 3, so that the invention can be used for purposefully extinguishing and cooling the battery cells 3 with thermal runaway, in the scheme, the distributed thermal runaway suppression of the electrochemical energy storage power station is realized based on the battery cell thermal runaway suppression, the using amount of the heat-sensitive insulating material in the self-triggering battery thermal runaway suppression device is dynamically adjusted according to the capacity of the protected battery cells, and the larger the battery capacity is, the larger the heat-sensitive insulating material is used, and the larger the self-triggering battery thermal runaway suppression device is. Meanwhile, the battery module can be continuously put into use after being repaired by the scheme, and the effect of reducing cost and improving efficiency is achieved.
As the preferred embodiment of the invention, the shell 6 and the battery module shell 2 are connected by gluing or screw fixing according to actual requirements, so that the scheme of the invention can simply modify the existing battery assembly, and has simple and practical structure.
From the above scheme, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the self-triggering battery thermal runaway suppression device utilizes heat generated in the battery thermal runaway process, and automatically triggers the passive temperature-sensitive initiator of the device within a set temperature range, so that the starting device can extinguish the fire and cool the thermal runaway battery without external equipment such as a sensor, a power supply and the like, and the structure of the fire-fighting system of the large-scale energy storage power station is greatly simplified.
2. The self-triggering battery thermal runaway suppression device utilizes the high-temperature flue gas sprayed by the battery thermal runaway explosion-proof valve to heat the temperature-sensing initiator for triggering, and the temperature-sensing initiator is not in direct contact with the battery, so that the false triggering of the self-triggering battery thermal runaway suppression device is effectively avoided.
3. The self-triggering battery thermal runaway suppression device is small in size, low in cost, free of power supply, very suitable for being applied to an energy storage power station battery module with a narrow space and inconvenience in externally wiring, and capable of realizing distributed fire control of a large-scale energy storage power station.
4. The insulation strength of solid sediment and gas products after the self-triggering battery thermal runaway suppression device is started meets relevant standards, and the continuous use of other normal batteries can not be influenced after the device is started.
5. The invention can accurately identify the thermal runaway characteristic signal at the early stage of the thermal runaway of the single battery, and timely take the thermal runaway inhibition measure, so that the technical means is safer, and the accident that the lithium battery of the energy storage power station is evolved from the single thermal runaway into a large-scale fire disaster can be successfully inhibited.
Examples
As shown in fig. 2, in the distributed self-triggering battery thermal runaway suppression device of the electrochemical energy storage power station of the embodiment, the temperature-sensitive initiator 4 is located at the center of the device housing 6, fixing screw holes 7 for fixing the device are formed in two sides of the housing 6, and a plurality of round holes are formed in the surface (one side facing the battery cell 3) of the housing 6, so that micron-sized solid particle aerosol generated by the reaction of the internal heat-sensitive insulating material 8 after the device is started can be efficiently sprayed out and cover the thermal runaway battery.
As shown in fig. 1 (a) to 1 (c), the self-triggering battery thermal runaway suppression device is adopted to realize distributed thermal runaway suppression of the electrochemical energy storage power station, and the battery module of the embodiment mainly comprises a plurality of self-triggering battery thermal runaway suppression devices and protected battery cells 3 which work independently.
In this embodiment, the specifications of the battery cells 3 in the module are consistent, the self-triggering battery thermal runaway suppression devices are respectively arranged right above each battery cell 3 and located on the inner wall of the battery module case 2, the self-triggering battery thermal runaway suppression devices are 3cm away from the protected battery cell, and the device temperature-sensitive initiator 4 is opposite to the explosion-proof valve 3-1 of the battery cell 3.
In the embodiment, for a 52Ah square aluminum-shell lithium iron phosphate battery, the adopted self-triggering battery thermal runaway inhibition device has the dimensions of 100mm multiplied by 17mm multiplied by 14mm, and the content of the thermosensitive insulation material is 30g; the temperature critical value of the temperature-sensitive initiator is 80 ℃ which is higher than the highest temperature possible for the normal operation of the battery.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, when the battery is continuously overcharged, overdischarged or overheated due to insufficient consistency of the battery cells, deteriorated performance of the battery cells 3, or failure of the BMS protection system, the internal electrode binder of the battery cells 3 reacts with lithium dendrite to generate H 2 SEI film destruction and reformation to produce CO 2 Side reaction between lithium dendrite and electrolyte continuously releases alkane gas, and electrolyte is decomposed to generate H at 200-300 deg.C 2 、CO、CO 2 Mixing of HF and alkanesAnd (3) gas mixing and the like, continuously increasing the internal pressure of the battery monomer 3 until the internal pressure reaches the opening critical value of the explosion-proof valve, opening the explosion-proof valve and upwards spraying a large amount of high-temperature smoke, wherein the high-temperature smoke directly contacts the temperature-sensitive initiator 4 of the self-triggering battery thermal runaway suppression device to heat the temperature-sensitive initiator 4, triggering the self-triggering battery thermal runaway suppression device when the temperature reaches the temperature critical value of the temperature-sensitive initiator 4, spraying a large amount of micron-sized solid particle aerosol and covering the whole thermal runaway battery monomer 3, and extinguishing and cooling the thermal runaway battery through the heat absorption and cooling effect, the gas phase chemical suppression effect, the solid phase chemical suppression effect and the physical suppression effect. Because the insulation strength of solid sediment and gas products after the reaction of the thermosensitive insulation materials in the self-triggering battery thermal runaway suppression device meets the relevant standards, the continuous use of other normal batteries can not be influenced after the self-triggering battery thermal runaway suppression device is started.
According to ASTM D257-2014, standard test method for dc resistance or conductance of insulation materials, and GA 499.1-2010, first part of aerosol fire extinguishing systems: and the relevant standards of the hot aerosol fire extinguishing device state that the insulating strength of solid sediment and gas products after the self-triggering battery thermal runaway suppression device reacts meets the standards, and the continuous use of other normal batteries can not be influenced after the self-triggering battery thermal runaway suppression device is started.
The technical means disclosed in the present invention is not limited to the technical means disclosed in the above embodiments, but the above description is only a preferred example of the present invention. It should be noted that any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention by those skilled in the art should be included in the protection scope of the present invention without departing from the principle of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides an electrochemistry energy storage power station distributing type is from triggering battery thermal runaway suppression device, a serial communication port, including shell (6), heat sensitive insulating material (8) and temperature sensitive initiator (4), temperature sensitive initiator (4) set up on heat sensitive insulating material (8), the outside of shell (6) cladding at heat sensitive insulating material (8) and temperature sensitive initiator (4) overall structure, first through-hole (9) have been seted up in the position just right with temperature sensitive initiator (4) on shell (6), a plurality of second through-holes (10) have been seted up in the position just right with heat sensitive insulating material (8) on shell (6), the temperature critical value of temperature sensitive initiator (4) is greater than battery normal operating temperature maximum value and is less than heat sensitive insulating material (8) reaction temperature, when temperature sensitive initiator (4) temperature exceeded critical temperature, temperature sensitive initiator (4) reacted and triggered heat sensitive insulating material (8) and reacted, can produce the fire extinguishing agent after heat sensitive insulating material (8) reaction.
2. The distributed self-triggering battery thermal runaway suppression device of an electrochemical energy storage power station according to claim 1, wherein the temperature sensitive initiator (4) is arranged at the center of the heat sensitive insulating material (8), and the temperature sensitive initiator (4) is exposed on the surface of the heat sensitive insulating material (8).
3. The distributed self-triggering battery thermal runaway suppression device of an electrochemical energy storage power station according to claim 1, characterized in that the components of the thermosensitive insulation material (8) comprise an oxidant, a combustible agent and a binder, wherein the oxidant comprises potassium nitrate and strontium nitrate, the combustible agent comprises magnesium and aluminum, and the binder adopts sodium silicate or phenolic resin.
4. Electrochemical energy storage power station distributed self-triggering battery thermal runaway suppression device according to claim 1, characterized in that the housing (6) is provided with a fixing screw hole (7).
5. The battery module, its characterized in that includes battery module shell (2) and sets up a plurality of battery monomer (3) in battery module shell (2) and the distributed self-triggering battery thermal runaway suppression device (1) of electrochemical energy storage power station of any one of claims 1-4, is provided with in battery module shell (2) in the position relative with battery monomer (3) top electrochemical energy storage power station distributed self-triggering battery thermal runaway suppression device (1), and shell (6) are connected with battery module shell (2), and first through-hole (9) and second through-hole (10) are all relative with battery monomer (3).
6. The battery module according to claim 5, wherein the first through holes (9) are opposite to the explosion-proof valve (3-1) at the top of the battery cell (3), and the distribution range of all the second through holes (10) covers the range occupied by the battery cell (3).
7. The battery module according to claim 5, wherein the distance between the housing (6) and the top of the battery cell (3) is 1-5cm.
8. The battery module according to claim 5, wherein the electrochemical energy storage power station distributed self-triggering battery thermal runaway suppression device (1) is arranged in the battery module shell (2) at a position opposite to the top of each battery cell (3).
9. The battery module according to claim 5, wherein the case (6) is coupled to the battery module case (2) by means of gluing or screw fixation.
10. The method for self-triggering thermal runaway inhibition of a battery module according to claims 5-9, comprising the following steps:
when the battery monomer (3) is in thermal runaway, an explosion-proof valve (3-1) on the battery monomer (3) in thermal runaway is opened, high-temperature flue gas sprayed from the explosion-proof valve (3-1) contacts with the temperature-sensitive initiator (4) through a first through hole (9) and triggers the temperature-sensitive initiator (4) to react, the temperature-sensitive initiator (4) triggers a heat-sensitive insulating material (8) to react after reacting, the heat-sensitive insulating material (8) generates a fire extinguishing agent after reacting, the generated fire extinguishing agent is sprayed from a second through hole (10), and the fire extinguishing agent sprayed from the second through hole (10) is sprayed on the battery monomer (3) in thermal runaway and around the battery monomer (3) to extinguish the fire and cool the battery monomer (3) in thermal runaway.
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CN118539083A (en) * | 2024-07-26 | 2024-08-23 | 四川晟电聚能科技有限责任公司 | Battery module |
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