CN117464320A - A planet carrier processing method and finishing device - Google Patents
A planet carrier processing method and finishing device Download PDFInfo
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- CN117464320A CN117464320A CN202311479596.3A CN202311479596A CN117464320A CN 117464320 A CN117464320 A CN 117464320A CN 202311479596 A CN202311479596 A CN 202311479596A CN 117464320 A CN117464320 A CN 117464320A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P23/00—Machines or arrangements of machines for performing specified combinations of different metal-working operations not covered by a single other subclass
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Abstract
The invention relates to a planet carrier processing method and a finish machining device, wherein the processing method comprises the steps of turning a blank, drilling and tapping a locking end plate mounting hole, drilling and milling a planet shaft and a planet gear lubricating oil hole, drilling a planet gear bearing lubricating oil hole, reserving grinding quantity gear hobbing, chamfering, cleaning, heat treatment carburizing and quenching, shot blasting, tempering, post-heat finish turning, post-heat finish boring and milling a planet shaft, grinding teeth and detecting a flaw; the finish machining device comprises a self-centering tensioning mechanism of the tensioning sleeve, an auxiliary alignment mechanism and a supporting mechanism. The invention solves the problems of large processing deformation, high processing hardness and high processing precision of the carburized and quenched planet carrier in the production process, and the operation of clamping the planet carrier during finish machining is simple and convenient, thereby meeting the processing requirements of high-precision positioning, auxiliary alignment and convenient clamping of upper and lower workpieces required by the planet carrier during finish machining and ensuring that the final dimensional precision of the planet carrier processing meets the quality requirement.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a planet carrier processing method for a gearbox and a finish machining device, and belongs to the technical field of gear machining.
Background
With the gradual development of engineering machinery and automobile industry, various unique requirements gradually lead the internal transmission structure of the gearbox to be complicated and diversified, and the manufacturing precision requirements of various transmission parts are also gradually improved, so that the processing difficulty is increased. As shown in FIG. 1, the structure of the planet carrier for the engineering machinery gearbox is similar to that of a traditional planet carrier, but is different from the traditional planet carrier which is made of 42CrMo heat-treated materials, and the material design adopts 20CrMnTi materials and requires carburizing and quenching heat treatment, so that the planet carrier has the difficulties of large processing deformation, high processing hardness and high processing precision after heat treatment.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects, and provides a planet carrier machining method which solves the problems of large machining deformation, high machining hardness and high machining precision of a 20CrMnTi planet carrier in the production process, and simultaneously provides a planet carrier finish machining device which meets the machining requirements of high-precision positioning, auxiliary alignment and convenient clamping of upper and lower workpieces required by the planet carrier during finish machining, and is simple in machining operation, and the consistency of workpiece machining precision, workpiece mass repeated machining and automatic clamping states is ensured.
The purpose of the invention is realized in the following way:
a planet carrier processing method comprises the following processing procedures:
A. turning a blank:
a1, adopting a turning center, clamping three uniformly distributed planetary shafts of a planetary frame by three claws, and turning an inner hole, an outer circle and an end face of an opening side of the planetary frame by the end faces of the parallel planetary shafts;
a2, when the second surface of the planet carrier is turned, the soft claw is heated and then the positioning reference position is finished; turning the first surface of the corresponding position to leave a finish turning allowance after heat treatment;
B. drilling and tapping locking end plate mounting holes: machining a planet carrier end face mounting hole and drilling an inclined oil hole;
C. drilling, boring and milling a planetary shaft and a planetary gear lubricating oil hole;
D. drilling a planet gear bearing lubricating oil hole;
E. grinding quantity hobbing is remained;
F. chamfering: adopting a special gear chamfering machine for processing;
G. cleaning: completely cleaning and removing cutting fluid and greasy dirt on the outer circle of the planet shaft and the surface of the end face of the shaft root; preventing defects caused by the anti-seepage treatment of the anti-seepage coating at the corresponding position of the heat treatment;
H. heat treatment carburizing and quenching: requiring the outer circle of the planet shaft and the surface of the end face of the shaft root to be coated with anti-seepage coating anti-seepage treatment;
I. blasting: removing impurities on the surface of a workpiece;
J. tempering: the low-temperature tempering eliminates the heat treatment stress of the part, and reduces the deformation caused by stress release during post-heat finish machining;
K. finish turning after heat:
k1, adopting a hard turning center, machining a hard turning second surface on a first surface of a hard turning planet carrier by using a hook turning tool, and finely boring and milling a correcting standard of a planetary shaft and a gear grinding procedure after heat;
k2, the positioning mode is consistent with that of turning the second surface of the A2 blank, and corresponding finish machining positions are hard-turned;
l, fine boring and milling a planetary shaft after heat: positioning, calibrating and clamping the planet carrier subjected to the finish turning in the process K by adopting a finish machining device, and then performing finish boring and milling on the planet shaft;
m, grinding teeth: adopting a finishing device to correct the standard, clamping the planet carrier and executing gear grinding;
n, flaw detection: flaw detection on the surface and near surface of the part is not performed, and finishing defects such as heat treatment, grinding and the like cannot exist.
Further, when the working procedure A1 blank is turned, the external tooth top is turned together with the positioning reference and the correction reference of the turning working procedure A2, the end face runout is ensured to be not more than 0.02mm, and the coaxiality of the outer circular inner hole is ensured to be not more than 0.02mm; .
Further, the finishing machining allowance is not less than 0.2mm after the first surface of the corresponding position turning in the procedure A2 is subjected to heat treatment; the correction standard of the turning procedure A2 is not more than 0.03mm.
Furthermore, the mounting hole and the inclined oil hole in the step B are processed by adopting a special drill jig and a rocker arm drill workbench with optional installation angle, and the drill jig guides to process the mounting hole; and after the rotation angle, the inclined oil hole is drilled according to the inclined hole guide on the drilling jig, so that the oil groove completely penetrates when the inclined oil hole and the first surface of the blank are turned.
Furthermore, in the step C, the positioning standard of boring and milling of the planet shaft is unified with the second surface of the blank turning, and alignment of the tip circle of the gear to be hobbing is required to be within 0.01mm; and drilling, boring and milling the planet shaft and the planet gear lubricating oil hole, wherein the correction reference inner hole is not more than 0.03mm, and the end face is not more than 0.03mm.
Furthermore, in the step D, the lubrication oil hole of the planetary gear bearing is a long inclined hole, a five-axis vertical machining center is adopted to correct the planetary shaft and then drill, the position deviation of the corrected planetary shaft is not more than 0.05mm, and the lubrication oil hole is required to completely penetrate through a machining oil groove on the second surface of the blank.
Furthermore, in the step E, the locating standard of the grinding quantity reserved on the planet carrier is unified with the second surface of the blank turning, the tooth top circle of the tooth to be machined is required to be aligned within 0.01mm, and the grinding quantity reserved on the common normal line is 0.25mm on one side.
Further, the control impermeable position in the procedure H must not have a carburized layer with a depth exceeding 0.2mm, and the hardness of the control impermeable position should be lower than 45HRC after carburizing and quenching.
Further, tempering treatment in the process J ensures that the hardness of the finish machining boring and milling position of the planet carrier after heating is not more than 45HRC.
Furthermore, the positioning mode of the first surface of the finish turning after the heat treatment in the working procedure K is consistent with that of the turning of the A1 blank, the positioning mode of the second surface is consistent with that of the turning of the A2 blank, and the corresponding finish machining position is hard turned; ensuring that the end face runout is not more than 0.01mm; the excircle of the inner hole is coaxial and is not more than 0.01mm.
Further, in the step L, a special finish machining device for the planet carrier is adopted, the self-centering expansion sleeve is expanded by utilizing the positioning of an inner hole after finish turning, and the correction standard is consistent with the second surface of the finish turning after heat; correcting excircle runout not more than 0.015mm; the corrected end face runout is not more than 0.015mm.
Furthermore, the grinding teeth in the procedure M adopt a special finish machining device for a planet carrier, and the correction standard is consistent with the second surface of the finish turning after heating and the planet shaft after finish boring and milling after heating; correcting excircle runout not more than 0.015mm; the corrected end face runout is not more than 0.015mm.
The planet carrier finish machining device is applied to any one of the planet carrier machining methods, and is used for positioning, calibrating and clamping a workpiece during planet carrier machining, and comprises a self-centering expansion sleeve tensioning mechanism, an auxiliary alignment mechanism and a supporting mechanism;
the supporting mechanism comprises a bottom plate, an end face supporting and positioning ring fixedly arranged on the front face of the bottom plate, a positioning mandrel arranged on the bottom face of the bottom plate and a pressing mechanism; the end face supporting and positioning ring is used for supporting the bottom face of the planet carrier; the positioning mandrel is matched with a pin hole on a machine tool workbench to determine the circle center of the integral tool of the finish machining device, so that repeated positioning accuracy is ensured; the pressing mechanism presses the top surface of the planet carrier and is matched with the end surface supporting and positioning ring up and down to axially clamp and limit the planet carrier;
the self-centering expansion sleeve tensioning mechanism comprises a self-centering expansion sleeve fixedly arranged on a bottom plate, a movable mandrel which is arranged in a central hole of the expansion sleeve in a lifting and moving mode, an elastic piece arranged between the movable mandrel and the bottom plate, a clamping bolt which is arranged in the central hole of the movable mandrel and used for controlling the pressing-down amount of the movable mandrel, and an adjusting stroke positioning ring which is locked to the bottom of the clamping bolt from the back of the bottom plate through an adjusting bolt; the outer circumference of the movable mandrel is provided with an inclined plane matched with the inner hole of the expansion sleeve, and the expansion sleeve can be controlled by the up-and-down displacement of the movable mandrel; the vertical stroke of the clamping bolt is controlled by rotating the adjusting bolt so as to realize the vertical displacement of the movable mandrel, and then the expanding amount of the expanding sleeve is controlled, so that the positioning and radial tensioning of the planet carrier are realized;
the auxiliary alignment mechanism is fixedly arranged on the angular positioning seat on the bottom plate, horizontally slides the angular sliding block arranged on the angular positioning seat, an angular V-shaped block arranged at the left end of the angular sliding block, a pull rod arranged at the right end of the angular sliding block, and a horizontal compression spring sleeved on the angular sliding block between the angular positioning seat and the pull rod; a hinge mechanism is arranged between the angular positioning seat and the pull rod, the angular sliding block is controlled to horizontally and axially move, and the angular V-shaped block horizontally extends out to be in contact with one planet shaft of the planet carrier so as to realize angular positioning.
Further, the compressing mechanism is provided with three sets, is uniformly distributed at the circumferential position of the planet carrier, and comprises a support column and a double-end stud which are respectively fixedly arranged on the bottom plate, a pressing plate with the middle part movably sleeved on the double-end stud, and a vertical compression spring sleeved on the double-end stud and propping against the bottom of the pressing plate; the left end of the pressing plate is arranged at the top of the supporting column, and the bottom of the right end of the pressing plate is provided with a pressing head which is in contact with the planet carrier; the hexagonal flange nut is sleeved on the upper thread of the top of the double-end stud in a screwing way and is used for adjusting the upper and lower positions of the pressing plate.
Further, the elastic piece is a belleville spring; and a limit bolt is horizontally screwed on the side part of the expansion sleeve to limit the axial displacement of the movable mandrel.
Further, the hinge mechanism comprises a hinge seat arranged on the angular positioning seat and a lever arm, wherein the middle part of the lever arm is hinged on the pull rod through a pin shaft; one end of the hinge seat is movably connected with one end of the lever arm through a pin shaft and a hinge plate.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
aiming at the difficulties of large processing deformation, high processing hardness and high processing precision of a 20CrMnTi planet carrier in the production process, the invention designs a processing flow comprising four working procedures of turning a blank A, drilling and tapping a locking end plate mounting hole B, drilling and milling a planet shaft and a planet gear lubricating oil hole C, drilling a planet gear bearing lubricating oil hole D, grinding a gear hobbing by E, chamfering F, cleaning G, carburizing and quenching by H heat treatment, shot blasting I, tempering J, finish turning after K heat, finish boring and milling a planet shaft after L heat, grinding teeth M and detecting N, wherein the working procedures are mutually matched, the design is reasonable, the processing precision and the corresponding requirements of each processing link are provided, and the final dimensional precision of the planet carrier processing is ensured to meet the quality requirement;
according to the planet carrier finish machining device, the self-centering tensioning mechanism, the auxiliary alignment mechanism and the supporting mechanism are arranged, so that the workpiece is positioned, calibrated and clamped during finish machining; the clamping planet carrier is simple and convenient to operate, the calibration positioning is automatically realized in the clamping process, the machining requirements of the planet carrier on high-precision positioning, auxiliary alignment and convenient workpiece clamping up and down during finish machining are met, the machining operation is simple, and the workpiece machining precision, the workpiece mass repeated machining and the consistency of the automatic clamping state are ensured.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a planet carrier structure according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a process flow diagram of a method of processing a planet carrier according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view showing a forward cross-sectional structure of a planet carrier finishing device according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic top view of a planetary carrier finishing device according to the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view showing a partial sectional structure in a forward direction of a planetary carrier finishing apparatus according to the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic view showing a partial sectional structure in a forward direction of a planetary carrier finishing apparatus according to the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a structure of an expansion sleeve of a planet carrier finishing device according to the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a schematic view of the structure of a bottom plate of a planet carrier finishing device according to the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a schematic view of a lever arm structure of a planet carrier finishing device according to the present invention.
Wherein:
the device comprises a bottom plate 1, an air-permeable bolt 2, an end face supporting positioning ring 3, an expansion sleeve 5, a movable mandrel 7, an elastic piece 8, a limit bolt 9, a clamping bolt 10, an adjusting stroke positioning ring 11, an adjusting bolt 12, a sealing ring 13, an angular sliding block 14, an angular V-shaped block 15, an angular positioning seat 17, a positioning mandrel 20, a hinge seat 22, a hinge plate 24, a lever arm 25, a pull rod 26, a horizontal compression spring 28, a pressing plate 29, a pressing head 30, a supporting column 31, a stud 32, a hexagonal flange nut 34 and a vertical compression spring 35.
Description of the embodiments
Referring to fig. 1-2, the processing method of the planet carrier provided by the invention comprises the following processing steps:
A. turning a blank:
a1, adopting a turning center, clamping three uniformly distributed planetary shafts of a planetary carrier by three claws, and turning a first surface of the planetary carrier by leaning against the end surfaces of the three planetary shafts, wherein the end surfaces comprise an open-side outer circle and an inner hole, and the open-side inner hole and the outer circle; when the A1 blank is turned, the external tooth top is required to be turned together with the positioning reference and the correction reference of the A2 turning procedure, and the end face runout is required to be ensured to be not more than 0.02mm, and the coaxiality of the outer circular inner hole is required to be not more than 0.02mm;
a2, when the second surface of the planet carrier is turned, namely the end surface of the planet shaft, the soft claw supports the heat and then carries out finish machining to position the reference position; the finish turning allowance of the first surface of the corresponding position lathe after heat treatment is not less than 0.2mm; a2, the correction standard of the turning procedure is not more than 0.03mm;
B. drilling and tapping locking end plate mounting holes: machining a planet carrier end face mounting hole and an inclined oil hole; the inclined oil hole is processed by adopting a special drilling jig and a rocker arm drilling workbench with optional mounting angles, and the drilling jig guides to process a bottom hole of a threaded hole, namely a mounting hole; after the rocker arm drills a rotation angle, an inclined oil hole is drilled according to the inclined hole guide on the drill jig, so that the inclined oil hole is ensured to completely penetrate through an oil groove when the first surface of a blank is turned;
C. drilling, boring and milling a planetary shaft and a planetary gear lubricating oil hole; the positioning standard of the planetary shaft boring and milling is unified with the second surface of the blank turning, and the alignment of the gear hobbing addendum circle to be processed is required to be within 0.01mm; drilling and milling a planet shaft and a planet gear lubricating oil hole, wherein a correction reference inner hole is not more than 0.03mm, and the end face is not more than 0.03mm;
D. drilling a planet gear bearing lubricating oil hole; the planetary gear bearing lubrication oil hole is a long inclined hole, a five-axis vertical machining center is adopted to correct the planetary shaft and then drilling is carried out, the planetary shaft is required to completely penetrate through a machining oil groove on the second surface of the blank, and the position deviation of the corrected planetary shaft is not more than 0.05mm;
E. grinding quantity hobbing is remained; the planet carrier reserved grinding quantity gear hobbing positioning standard is unified with the second surface of the blank turning, and alignment is required to be performed within 0.01mm of the gear hobbing addendum circle to be processed, and the common normal reserved grinding quantity is 0.25mm on one side;
F. chamfering: adopting a special gear chamfering machine for processing;
G. cleaning: completely cleaning and removing cutting fluid and greasy dirt on the outer circle of the planet shaft and the surface of the end face of the shaft root; preventing defects caused by the anti-seepage treatment of the anti-seepage coating at the corresponding position of the heat treatment;
H. heat treatment carburizing and quenching: requiring the outer circle of the planet shaft and the surface of the end face of the shaft root to be coated with anti-seepage coating anti-seepage treatment; the impermeable position is required to be controlled, a carburized layer with the depth of more than 0.2mm does not exist, and the hardness of the impermeable position is controlled to be lower than 45HRC after carburization quenching is finished; ensuring that the penetration resistance treatment of the finish machining boring and milling position of the planet carrier after heating is ensured, and the depth of a carburized layer is not more than 0.2mm;
I. blasting: removing impurities on the surface of a workpiece; after the shot blasting is finished, no impurities are left on the surface of the part;
J. tempering: the low-temperature tempering eliminates the heat treatment stress of the part, and reduces the deformation caused by stress release during post-heat finish machining; tempering treatment ensures that the hardness of the finish machining boring and milling position of the planet carrier after heating is not more than 45HRC;
K. finish turning after heat:
k1, adopting a hard turning center, wherein the positioning mode is consistent with that of the first surface of the A1 blank turning, machining a second surface of the hard turning by using a hook turning tool, and finely boring and milling a planetary shaft after heat and correcting a reference of a gear grinding process;
k2, the positioning mode is consistent with that of turning the second surface of the A2 blank, and corresponding finish machining positions are hard-turned; the hot finish turning is required to ensure that the runout of the end face is not more than 0.01mm; the excircle of the inner hole is coaxial and is not more than 0.01mm;
l, fine boring and milling a planetary shaft after heat: positioning, calibrating and clamping the planet carrier subjected to the finish turning in the process K by adopting a finish machining device, and then performing finish boring and milling on the planet shaft; positioning by using a finish machining device through an inner hole after finish turning, tensioning a self-centering tensioning sleeve, and keeping the correction standard consistent with the second surface of the finish turning after heating; correcting excircle runout not more than 0.015mm; correcting the runout of the end face to be not more than 0.015mm;
m, grinding teeth: adopting a finishing device to correct the standard, clamping the planet carrier and executing gear grinding; adopting a special finish machining device for the planet carrier, and keeping the correction standard consistent with the hot finish turning second surface and the hot finish boring milling planet shaft; correcting excircle runout not more than 0.015mm; correcting the runout of the end face to be not more than 0.015mm
N, flaw detection: and flaw detection is carried out on the surface and the near surface of the part by using detection methods of ultrasonic flaw detection, magnetic particle flaw detection or eddy current flaw detection, so that finishing defects such as heat treatment, grinding and the like cannot exist.
Aiming at the difficulties of large processing deformation, high processing hardness and high processing precision of the planet carrier made of 20CrMnTi in the production process, the invention designs a processing flow comprising fourteen procedures of turning a blank A, drilling and tapping a locking end plate mounting hole B, drilling and milling a planet shaft and a planet gear lubricating oil hole C, drilling a planet gear bearing lubricating oil hole D, grinding a gear hobbing by E, chamfering F, cleaning G, carburizing and quenching by H heat treatment, shot blasting I, tempering J, finish turning after heating K, finish boring and milling a planet shaft after heating L, grinding teeth M and detecting N, which are matched with each other, has reasonable design, proposes the processing precision and corresponding requirements of each processing link, and ensures that the final dimensional precision of the planet carrier processing meets the quality requirement.
On the other hand, referring to fig. 3-9, the planet carrier finish machining device provided by the invention is applied to the planet carrier machining method, and is used for positioning, calibrating and clamping a workpiece during finish machining, so that the finish machining precision is further ensured, and the planet carrier finish machining device comprises a self-centering tensioning mechanism, an auxiliary centering mechanism and a supporting mechanism;
the supporting mechanism comprises a bottom plate 1, an end face supporting and positioning ring 3 fixedly arranged on the front face of the bottom plate 1, a positioning mandrel 20 arranged on the bottom face of the bottom plate 1 and a pressing mechanism; the end face supporting and positioning ring 3 is used for providing support for the bottom face of the planet carrier; a sealing ring 13 is arranged on the end face supporting and positioning ring 3, and is sealed and dustproof; the positioning mandrel 20 is matched with a pin hole on a machine tool workbench to determine the circle center of the integral tool of the finish machining device, so that repeated positioning accuracy is ensured; the pressing mechanisms are three sets and are uniformly arranged at the circumferential position of the planet carrier to press the top surface of the planet carrier and are matched with the end face supporting and positioning ring 3 up and down to axially clamp and limit the planet carrier; the pressing mechanism comprises a support column 31 and a double-end stud 32 which are respectively fixedly arranged on the bottom plate 1, a pressing plate 29 with the middle part movably sleeved on the double-end stud 32, and a vertical compression spring 35 sleeved on the double-end stud 32 and propped against the bottom of the pressing plate 29; the left end of the pressing plate 29 is erected on the top of the supporting column 31, and the bottom of the right end is provided with a pressing head 30 which is in contact with the planet carrier; a hexagonal flange nut 34 is sleeved on the top thread of the double-end stud 32 in a rotating way and is used for adjusting the upper and lower positions of the pressing plate 29, and the pressing head 30 can be pressed tightly on the planet carrier by rotating the hexagonal flange nut 34 to press down the adjusting pressing plate 29;
the self-centering expansion sleeve tensioning mechanism comprises a self-centering expansion sleeve 5 fixedly arranged on a bottom plate 1, a movable mandrel 7 which is arranged in a central hole of the expansion sleeve 5 in a lifting and moving mode, an elastic piece 8 arranged between the movable mandrel 7 and the bottom plate 1, a clamping bolt 10 which is arranged in the central hole of the movable mandrel 7 and used for controlling the pressing-down amount of the movable mandrel 7, and an adjusting stroke positioning ring 11 which is locked to the bottom of the clamping bolt 10 from the back of the bottom plate 1 through an adjusting bolt 12; the elastic piece 8 is a belleville spring, the movable mandrel 7 is sprung upwards to be in a normally open state, the clamping bolt 10 and the belleville spring are matched up and down to axially lock the movable mandrel 7, and the clamping bolt 10 is controlled to axially displace so as to realize up-and-down displacement of the movable mandrel 7; a limit bolt 9 is horizontally screwed on the side part of the expansion sleeve 5, and the end part of the limit bolt 9 is clamped in a limit groove on the movable mandrel 7 to limit the axial displacement range of the movable mandrel 7; the bottom of the movable mandrel 7 is communicated with the atmosphere through a pipeline and an air-permeable bolt 2 which are arranged in the bottom plate 1, so that the air-pressure interference effect generated by the up-and-down displacement of the movable mandrel 7 is eliminated, and the air-permeable bolt 2 has air-permeable and dust-proof effects; the outer circumference of the movable mandrel 7 is provided with an inclined plane matched with the inner hole of the expansion sleeve 5, and the expansion amount of the expansion sleeve 5 can be controlled by the up-and-down displacement of the movable mandrel 7; the vertical stroke of the clamping bolt 10 is controlled by rotating the adjusting bolt 12 so as to realize the vertical displacement of the movable mandrel 7, and then the expanding amount of the expanding sleeve 5 is controlled, so that the positioning and radial tensioning of the planet carrier are realized;
the auxiliary alignment mechanism is fixedly arranged on an angular positioning seat 17 on the bottom plate 1, an angular sliding block 14 horizontally arranged on the angular positioning seat 17 in a sliding manner, an angular V-shaped block 15 arranged at the left end of the angular sliding block 14, a pull rod 26 arranged at the right end of the angular sliding block 14, and a horizontal compression spring 28 sleeved on the angular sliding block 14 between the angular positioning seat 17 and the pull rod 26; a hinge mechanism is arranged between the angular positioning seat 17 and the pull rod 26, the angular sliding block 14 is controlled to horizontally and axially move, and the angular V-shaped block 15 horizontally extends out to be in contact with one planet shaft of the planet carrier so as to realize angular positioning; the hinge mechanism comprises a hinge seat 22 arranged on the angular positioning seat 17 and a lever arm 25 hinged on a pull rod 26 through a pin shaft at the middle part; the hinge base 22 and one end of the lever arm 25 are movably connected with the hinge plate 24 through a pin shaft.
When the planet carrier is machined, firstly, the circle center of the integral tool of the finishing device is determined by matching the bottom plate 1 of the supporting mechanism with the pin hole on the machine tool workbench through the positioning mandrel 20, so that the repeated positioning accuracy is ensured; the planet shaft side of the planet carrier is upward, the opening side of the planet carrier is sleeved on the expansion sleeve 5, the expansion sleeve 5 is contracted by rotating the adjusting bolt 12, the planet carrier is ensured to smoothly fall down and contact with the end face supporting positioning ring 3 of the supporting mechanism, and the pressure head 30 of the pressing mechanism is initially pressed against the top surface of the planet carrier; pushing the lever arm 25 to enable the angular V-shaped block 15 to horizontally extend to be in contact with one planet shaft of the planet carrier, and enabling the planet carrier to rotate along with the rotation to realize the angular positioning of the planet carrier; the adjusting bolt 12 is rotated to enable the expansion sleeve 5 to be expanded, and the axis of the expansion sleeve 5 is consistent with the center of the tool circle, so that the positioning and radial tightening of the planet carrier are realized; and (5) compacting the planet carrier by the compacting mechanism to finish the clamping of the planet carrier. After finishing, the workpiece can be quickly taken down by reverse operation.
The planet carrier finish machining device is simple and convenient to clamp, can automatically realize calibration and positioning in the clamping process, meets the machining requirements of high-precision positioning, auxiliary alignment and convenient clamping of upper and lower workpieces required by the finish machining of the planet carrier, is simple in machining operation, and ensures the machining precision of the workpieces, the mass repeated machining of the workpieces and the consistency of the automatic clamping state.
In addition: it should be noted that the above embodiment is only one of the optimization schemes of this patent, and any modification or improvement made by those skilled in the art according to the above concepts is within the scope of this patent.
Claims (16)
1. A planet carrier processing method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following processing procedures:
A. turning a blank:
a1, adopting a turning center, clamping three uniformly distributed planetary shafts of a planetary frame by three claws, and turning an inner hole, an outer circle and an end face of an opening side of the planetary frame by the end faces of the parallel planetary shafts;
a2, when the second surface of the planet carrier is turned, the soft claw is heated and then the positioning reference position is finished; turning the first surface of the corresponding position to leave a finish turning allowance after heat treatment;
B. drilling and tapping locking end plate mounting holes: machining a planet carrier end face mounting hole and drilling an inclined oil hole;
C. drilling, boring and milling a planetary shaft and a planetary gear lubricating oil hole;
D. drilling a planet gear bearing lubricating oil hole;
E. grinding quantity hobbing is remained;
F. chamfering: adopting a special gear chamfering machine for processing;
G. cleaning: completely cleaning and removing cutting fluid and greasy dirt on the outer circle of the planet shaft and the surface of the end face of the shaft root; preventing defects caused by the anti-seepage treatment of the anti-seepage coating at the corresponding position of the heat treatment;
H. heat treatment carburizing and quenching: requiring the outer circle of the planet shaft and the surface of the end face of the shaft root to be coated with anti-seepage coating anti-seepage treatment;
I. blasting: removing impurities on the surface of a workpiece;
J. tempering: the low-temperature tempering eliminates the heat treatment stress of the part, and reduces the deformation caused by stress release during post-heat finish machining;
K. finish turning after heat:
k1, adopting a hard turning center, machining a hard turning second surface on a first surface of a hard turning planet carrier by using a hook turning tool, and finely boring and milling a correcting standard of a planetary shaft and a gear grinding procedure after heat;
k2, the positioning mode is consistent with that of turning the second surface of the A2 blank, and corresponding finish machining positions are hard-turned;
l, fine boring and milling a planetary shaft after heat: positioning, calibrating and clamping the planet carrier subjected to the finish turning in the process K by adopting a finish machining device, and then performing finish boring and milling on the planet shaft;
m, grinding teeth: adopting a finishing device to correct the standard, clamping the planet carrier and executing gear grinding;
n, flaw detection: flaw detection on the surface and near surface of the part is not performed, and finishing defects such as heat treatment, grinding and the like cannot exist.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein: the external tooth top is turned together with the positioning reference and the correction reference of the turning procedure A2 when the procedure A1 blank is turned, the runout of the end face is not more than 0.02mm, and the coaxiality of the outer circle inner hole is not more than 0.02mm; .
3. The method of claim 1, wherein: the finishing allowance of the first surface of the corresponding position turning in the procedure A2 after the heat treatment is not less than 0.2mm; the correction standard of the turning procedure A2 is not more than 0.03mm.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein: the mounting hole and the inclined oil hole in the step B are processed by adopting a special drill jig and a rocker arm drill workbench with optional mounting angles, and the drill jig guides to process the mounting hole; and after the rotation angle, the inclined oil hole is drilled according to the inclined hole guide on the drilling jig, so that the oil groove completely penetrates when the inclined oil hole and the first surface of the blank are turned.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein: in the step C, the positioning standard of boring and milling of the planet shaft is unified with the second surface of the blank turning, and alignment of the addendum circle of the gear to be hobbing is required to be within 0.01mm; and drilling, boring and milling the planet shaft and the planet gear lubricating oil hole, wherein the correction reference inner hole is not more than 0.03mm, and the end face is not more than 0.03mm.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein: in the step D, the lubrication oil hole of the planetary gear bearing is a long inclined hole, a five-axis vertical machining center is adopted to correct the planetary shaft, then drilling is carried out, the position deviation of the corrected planetary shaft is not more than 0.05mm, and the lubrication oil hole is required to completely penetrate through a machining oil groove on the second surface of the blank.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein: and in the step E, the locating standard of the planet carrier reserved grinding quantity gear hobbing is unified with the second surface of the blank turning, and alignment is required to be performed within 0.01mm of the tooth top circle of the gear hobbing, and the reserved grinding quantity of the common normal is 0.25mm on one side.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein: the control impermeable position in the working procedure H must not have a carburized layer with the depth exceeding 0.2mm, and the hardness of the control impermeable position after carburization quenching is finished should be lower than 45HRC.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein: and the tempering treatment in the procedure J ensures that the hardness of the finish machining boring and milling position of the planet carrier after heating is not more than 45HRC.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein: the positioning mode of the first surface of the finish turning after the process K is hot is consistent with that of the turning first surface of the A1 blank, the positioning mode of the second surface of the finish turning after the process K is hot is consistent with that of the turning first surface of the A2 blank, and the corresponding finish machining position of the finish turning is carried out; ensuring that the end face runout is not more than 0.01mm; the excircle of the inner hole is coaxial and is not more than 0.01mm.
11. The method of claim 1, wherein: the step L adopts a special finish machining device for the planet carrier, and the self-centering expansion sleeve is expanded by utilizing the positioning of an inner hole after finish turning, so that the correction standard is consistent with the second surface of the finish turning after heat; correcting excircle runout not more than 0.015mm; the corrected end face runout is not more than 0.015mm.
12. The method of claim 1, wherein: the grinding teeth of the procedure M adopt a special finish machining device for a planet carrier, and the correction standard is consistent with the second surface of the finish turning after heating and the planet shaft of finish boring and milling after heating; correcting excircle runout not more than 0.015mm; the corrected end face runout is not more than 0.015mm.
13. The utility model provides a planet carrier finishing device, is applied to in the planet carrier processing method of any one of claims 1 to 12, realizes carrying out location, calibration and clamping to the work piece when the planet carrier is processed, its characterized in that: comprises a self-centering tensioning mechanism, an auxiliary alignment mechanism and a supporting mechanism;
the supporting mechanism comprises a bottom plate (1), an end face supporting positioning ring (3) fixedly arranged on the front face of the bottom plate (1), a positioning mandrel (20) arranged on the bottom face of the bottom plate (1) and a pressing mechanism; the end face supporting and positioning ring (3) is used for supporting the bottom face of the planet carrier; the positioning mandrel (20) is matched with a pin hole on a machine tool workbench to determine the circle center of the integral tool of the finish machining device, so that repeated positioning accuracy is ensured; the pressing mechanism presses the top surface of the planet carrier and is matched with the end surface supporting and positioning ring (3) up and down to axially clamp and limit the planet carrier;
the self-centering tensioning mechanism comprises a self-centering tensioning sleeve (5) fixedly arranged on a bottom plate (1), a movable mandrel (7) which is arranged in a central hole of the tensioning sleeve (5) in a lifting mode, an elastic piece (8) arranged between the movable mandrel (7) and the bottom plate (1), a clamping bolt (10) which is arranged in the central hole of the movable mandrel (7) and used for controlling the pressing-down amount of the movable mandrel (7), and an adjusting stroke positioning ring (11) which is locked to the bottom of the clamping bolt (10) from the back of the bottom plate (1) through an adjusting bolt (12); the outer circumference of the movable mandrel (7) is provided with an inclined plane matched with the inner hole of the expansion sleeve (5), and the expansion amount of the expansion sleeve (5) can be controlled by the up-and-down displacement of the movable mandrel (7); the up-and-down travel of the clamping bolt (10) is controlled by rotating the adjusting bolt (12) so as to realize up-and-down displacement of the movable mandrel (7), and further the expansion amount of the expansion sleeve (5) is controlled, so that the positioning and radial tightening of the planet carrier are realized;
the auxiliary alignment mechanism is fixedly arranged on an angular positioning seat (17) on the bottom plate (1), an angular sliding block (14) horizontally arranged on the angular positioning seat (17) in a sliding manner, an angular V-shaped block (15) arranged at the left end of the angular sliding block (14), a pull rod (26) arranged at the right end of the angular sliding block (14) and a horizontal compression spring (28) sleeved on the angular sliding block (14) between the angular positioning seat (17) and the pull rod (26); a hinge mechanism is arranged between the angular positioning seat (17) and the pull rod (26), the angular sliding block (14) is controlled to horizontally and axially move, and the angular V-shaped block (15) horizontally extends out to be in contact with one planet shaft of the planet carrier so as to realize angular positioning.
14. The planet carrier finishing device of claim 13, wherein: the pressing mechanism comprises three sets of pressing mechanisms, wherein the three sets of pressing mechanisms are uniformly arranged at the circumferential position of the planet carrier and comprise support columns (31) and studs (32) which are respectively fixedly arranged on a bottom plate (1), a pressing plate (29) with the middle part movably sleeved on the studs (32) and a vertical compression spring (35) which is sleeved on the studs (32) and props against the bottom of the pressing plate (29); the left end of the pressing plate (29) is erected on the top of the supporting column (31), and the bottom of the right end is provided with a pressing head (30) which is in contact with the planet carrier; the hexagonal flange nut (34) is sleeved on the upper thread of the top of the double-end stud (32) and used for adjusting the upper and lower positions of the pressing plate (29).
15. The planet carrier finishing device of claim 13, wherein: the elastic piece (8) is a belleville spring; a limit bolt (9) is horizontally screwed on the side part of the expansion sleeve (5) to limit the axial displacement of the movable mandrel (7).
16. The planet carrier finishing device of claim 13, wherein: the hinge mechanism comprises a hinge seat (22) arranged on the angular positioning seat (17) and a lever arm (25) hinged on a pull rod (26) through a pin shaft at the middle part; one end of the hinge seat (22) and one end of the lever arm (25) are movably connected with the hinge plate (24) through a pin shaft.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311479596.3A CN117464320A (en) | 2023-11-08 | 2023-11-08 | A planet carrier processing method and finishing device |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311479596.3A CN117464320A (en) | 2023-11-08 | 2023-11-08 | A planet carrier processing method and finishing device |
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| CN117464320A true CN117464320A (en) | 2024-01-30 |
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| CN202311479596.3A Pending CN117464320A (en) | 2023-11-08 | 2023-11-08 | A planet carrier processing method and finishing device |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN120205672A (en) * | 2025-05-27 | 2025-06-27 | 苏州萨伯工业设计有限公司 | Precision automatic punching system and control method thereof |
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| CN103506816A (en) * | 2013-09-16 | 2014-01-15 | 常熟天地煤机装备有限公司 | Processing technique of planet carrier of coal cutter |
| CN107671501A (en) * | 2017-09-28 | 2018-02-09 | 山东交通职业学院 | A kind of production technology of planet carrier |
| US20200171577A1 (en) * | 2018-12-04 | 2020-06-04 | Rolls-Royce Plc | Method of manufacturing a planet carrier of a gearbox |
| CN114871690A (en) * | 2021-10-19 | 2022-08-09 | 天津旗领机电科技有限公司 | Rapid finish machining method for planet carrier |
| CN115740973A (en) * | 2022-11-18 | 2023-03-07 | 中国航发哈尔滨轴承有限公司 | Method for processing planet gear self-aligning roller bearing ring |
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- 2023-11-08 CN CN202311479596.3A patent/CN117464320A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103506816A (en) * | 2013-09-16 | 2014-01-15 | 常熟天地煤机装备有限公司 | Processing technique of planet carrier of coal cutter |
| CN107671501A (en) * | 2017-09-28 | 2018-02-09 | 山东交通职业学院 | A kind of production technology of planet carrier |
| US20200171577A1 (en) * | 2018-12-04 | 2020-06-04 | Rolls-Royce Plc | Method of manufacturing a planet carrier of a gearbox |
| CN114871690A (en) * | 2021-10-19 | 2022-08-09 | 天津旗领机电科技有限公司 | Rapid finish machining method for planet carrier |
| CN115740973A (en) * | 2022-11-18 | 2023-03-07 | 中国航发哈尔滨轴承有限公司 | Method for processing planet gear self-aligning roller bearing ring |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN120205672A (en) * | 2025-05-27 | 2025-06-27 | 苏州萨伯工业设计有限公司 | Precision automatic punching system and control method thereof |
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