CN117458856A - Bridge-free buck PFC converter with double working modes - Google Patents
Bridge-free buck PFC converter with double working modes Download PDFInfo
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- CN117458856A CN117458856A CN202311469755.1A CN202311469755A CN117458856A CN 117458856 A CN117458856 A CN 117458856A CN 202311469755 A CN202311469755 A CN 202311469755A CN 117458856 A CN117458856 A CN 117458856A
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/42—Circuits or arrangements for compensating for or adjusting power factor in converters or inverters
- H02M1/4208—Arrangements for improving power factor of AC input
- H02M1/4291—Arrangements for improving power factor of AC input by using a Buck converter to switch the input current
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/38—Means for preventing simultaneous conduction of switches
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
- Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes
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Abstract
The invention discloses a double-working mode bridgeless buck PFC converter, and relates to the technical field of PFC converters; the PFC converter topology structure comprises a switching tube S 1 Switch tube S 2 Rectifier diode D R1 Rectifier diode D R2 Output diode D 1 Output diode D 2 Step-down inductor L 1 Step-up and step-down inductance L 2 Output capacitance C o The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Switch tube S 1 Step-down inductor L 1 Output diode D 1 Form buck conversion unit and output capacitor C o Rectifier diode D R1 The connection is used for realizing electric energy conversion in the negative half cycle of the alternating current input; switch tube S 2 Step-up and step-down inductance L 2 Output diode D 2 Forms a buck-boost conversion unit, which is connected with the output capacitor C o Rectifier diode D R2 The connection realizes the electric energy conversion in the positive half period of the alternating current input; the book is provided withThe converter has two working modes of buck and buck-boost, and can eliminate the current dead zone of the positive half period by buck-boost conversion during the positive half period, so that the converter has higher PF and lower THDi.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of PFC converters, and particularly relates to a double-working-mode bridgeless buck PFC converter.
Background
In order to ensure the current sine of the ac power grid, reduce the running noise and abnormal heating running of grid-connected equipment caused by the distortion of the power grid current, and possible low-frequency harmonic oscillation of the power grid, a power factor correction (power factor correction, PFC) technology is generally required to be adopted in the ac-dc conversion circuit. The PFC technique may employ a Power-to-electronic converter as active Power Factor correction to actively maintain the input current of the grid-tied device as a sinusoidal current to reduce the total harmonic content (total harmonic distortion of current, THDi) of the current and to achieve the grid current in phase with the grid voltage such that the Power Factor (PF) of the device is close to 1.
Currently, the power factor correction converter adopted in the active PFC technology is mainly buck (buck), buck-boost (buck-boost), boost (boost), cuk, SEPIC circuit topology, and the like. The boost PFC converter is the most widely used topology, and the output voltage of the boost PFC converter is 380-400V; when the subsequent stage is 48V or other low-voltage load, one-stage buck conversion is needed, which is detrimental to the system efficiency and the overall cost. Compared with other common circuit topologies, the buck PFC converter is considered to be a preferable PFC converter topology when the rear stage is a low-voltage load due to the fact that the buck PFC converter is simple in topology, convenient to control and high in efficiency. Specifically, the buck PFC converter can output low voltage of 20V, 48V, 160V and the like, and is better suitable for application occasions such as LED driving power supplies, battery packs, notebook computer adapters, low-voltage motors and the like. Therefore, the PFC converter for researching low-voltage output has higher engineering application value and can effectively respond to low-carbon and energy-saving calls.
The topology of the existing buck PFC converter is shown in fig. 1, and the buck PFC converter comprises a rectifier bridge formed by four diodes and a DC-DC buck converter, and can achieve sine of input current and voltage stabilization of output voltage by controlling on-off of a switching tube S. However, since buck PFC converter can only operate in voltage step-down mode, when the voltage V is outputted o Greater than the input voltage v in A zero input current condition, i.e., an input current dead zone, occurs. FIG. 2 shows the dead input current of the prior buck PFC converter in the positive and negative half power frequency period of the AC inputZone phenomenon. It should be noted that, when the buck PFC converter is operated in the buck mode, no input current flows into the PFC converter at the input side although the switching tube S is in the on state.
Such dead zone of the input current due to the inherent operating characteristics of buck converter cells reduces the efficiency of the converter (larger peak input current and larger through-current loss), and also results in a PFC converter having to set a lower output voltage V o To mitigate high input current harmonic values (Total harmonics current, THDi) and low PF values due to input current dead zones. The limited output voltage V o The popularization and the application of the buck PFC converter in other low-voltage application occasions are limited, such as a motor driving front-stage circuit with 160V and 96V withstand voltage and the like.
Meanwhile, the existing buck PFC converter uses a diode rectifier bridge, so that conduction loss is easily generated due to the fact that current passes through the diode, and the efficiency of the buck PFC converter is influenced by the diode rectifier bridge.
The invention provides a double-working-mode bridgeless buck PFC converter, which has two working modes of buck and buck-boost, and can eliminate a current dead zone of a positive half period, so that the converter has higher PF and lower THDi compared with the existing buck PFC converter.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a double-working mode bridgeless buck PFC converter, which solves the problems that the PF and THDi values of the existing buck PFC converter are influenced by dead areas of input current, the efficiency of the existing buck PFC converter is influenced by a diode rectifier bridge by using a diode rectifier bridge, and the like.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the topological structure of the bridge-free buck PFC converter with the double working modes comprises a switching tube S 1 Switch tube S 2 Rectifier diode D R1 Rectifier diode D R2 Output diode D 1 Output diode D 2 Step-down inductor L 1 Step-up and step-down inductance L 2 Output capacitance C o ；
The switch tube S 1 Step-down inductor L 1 Output diode D 1 Form a buck conversion unit, the buck conversion unit and an output capacitor C o Rectifier diode D R1 The connection is used for realizing electric energy conversion in the negative half cycle of the alternating current input;
the switch tube S 2 Step-up and step-down inductance L 2 Output diode D 2 Form a buck-boost conversion unit, the buck-boost conversion unit and an output capacitor C o Rectifier diode D R2 And the connection realizes the electric energy conversion in the positive half cycle of the alternating current input.
Preferably, one end of the AC input side is connected with a rectifier diode D R2 Anode of rectifier diode D R1 Is connected with the cathode of the battery;
rectifier diode D R2 Cathode and switching tube S of (2) 2 Is connected with the drain electrode of the switch tube S 2 Source and output diode D 2 Cathode, step-up and step-down inductance L 2 Is connected with one end of the connecting rod;
rectifier diode D R1 Anode and switching tube S of (C) 1 Is connected with the source electrode of the switch tube S 1 Drain and output diode D of (c) 1 Anode of (d), buck inductor L 1 Is connected with one end of the connecting rod; step-down inductor L 1 And the other end of the output diode D 2 Anode, output capacitance C of (2) o Negative electrode of (C) and load R L Is connected with one end of the connecting rod;
the other end of the alternating current input side is connected with an output diode D 1 Cathode, step-up and step-down inductance L 2 Other end of (C) output capacitor o Positive electrode of (C) and load R L Is connected to the other end of the pipe.
Preferably, a switching tube S in the PFC converter topology structure 1 Switch tube S 2 Can be conducted simultaneously, the switch tube S 1 Switch tube S 2 The same drive signal can be used for control.
Preferably, the output voltage V of the PFC converter o Sampling signal and output reference voltage V o,ref Comparing, and adjusting PI parameter to obtain error feedback signalThe error feedback signal is compared with the triangular wave to generate an output signal of the comparator, which is used for directly driving the switching tube S 1 Switch tube S 2 。
Preferably, the dual-operation mode bridgeless buck PFC converter has the following operation modes:
step-up and step-down operation mode 1: switch tube S 2 In a conductive state, the input terminal passes through the rectifying diode D R2 And a switch tube S 2 To step up and down the voltage inductance L 2 Charging, step-up and step-down piezoelectricity induction current i L2 Linearly rising, switch tube S 2 Current and buck-boost inductance current i of (2) L2 Is the same in magnitude and direction; output capacitor C o Supplying power to the load;
step-up and step-down operation mode 2: switch tube S 2 Turn off, store in step-up and step-down voltage sense L 2 Energy of (2) passes through the output diode D 2 Supplying power to a load end, and increasing and decreasing a voltage induced current i L2 Linear decrease; the working mode is up to the step-up piezoelectric induction current i L2 Ending the falling to the moment 0;
step-up and step-down operation mode 3: switch tube S 2 Keep turn-off, step-up and step-down the voltage sense current i L2 Hold to 0, output diode D 2 Keep off, output capacitor C o Supplying energy to a load end;
buck mode 4: switch tube S 1 In a conductive state, the input terminal passes through the output capacitor C o Rectifier diode D R1 Switch tube S 1 Step-down inductor L 1 Charging, step-down inductor current i L1 Linearly rising, switch tube S 1 Is equal to the current of the buck inductor current i L1 Is the same in magnitude and direction;
step-down operation mode 5: switch tube S 1 Turn-off, store in step-down inductor L 1 Energy of (2) passes through the output diode D 1 Supplying power to a load end, and reducing inductance current i L1 Linear decrease; the working mode is up to the step-down inductance current i L1 Ending the falling to the moment 0;
buck mode 6: switch tube S 1 Keep turning off, step down inductor current i L1 Hold to 0, output diode D 1 Keep off, output capacitor C o Energizing the load side.
Compared with the existing buck PFC converter, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The converter of the invention has two working modes of voltage reduction and voltage increase and decrease, when the voltage v is input in By buck-boost conversion operation during the positive half-cycle, the current dead zone of the positive half-cycle can be eliminated, resulting in a converter having a higher PF and lower THDi than existing buck PFC converters.
(2) The invention cancels the original diode rectifier bridge, and can reduce the conduction loss caused by the current passing through the diode.
(3) The converter can realize PFC function and output voltage regulation through single-voltage loop closed-loop control, and the two switching tubes can adopt identical driving signals, so that a control circuit is simpler.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a topology diagram of a prior buck PFC converter in the background;
fig. 2 is a waveform diagram of input voltage and current of a buck PFC converter in the prior art during an ac input period;
fig. 3 is a topology diagram of a dual-mode bridgeless buck PFC converter of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a diagram of a buck-boost operating mode of the dual-mode bridgeless buck PFC converter of the present invention during a positive half cycle of an ac input;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a buck mode of the dual-mode bridgeless buck PFC converter of the present invention during a negative half-cycle of an ac input;
fig. 6 is a waveform diagram of a key device of the dual-mode bridgeless buck PFC converter of the present invention during a positive half cycle of an ac input;
fig. 7 is a waveform diagram of a key device of the dual-mode bridgeless buck PFC converter of the present invention during a negative half-cycle of an ac input;
fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a control implementation of a dual-mode bridgeless buck PFC converter according to the present invention;
fig. 9 is a waveform diagram of driving signals of a dual-operation mode bridgeless buck PFC converter according to the present invention;
fig. 10 is a PSIM simulation waveform diagram of a dual-mode bridgeless buck PFC converter according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Example 1:
referring to fig. 3, fig. 3 is a topology diagram of a dual-mode bridgeless buck PFC converter; the bridge-free buck PFC converter with double working modes comprises the following specific steps:
the bridge-free buck PFC converter mainly comprises a switching tube S 1 Switch tube S 2 Rectifier diode D R1 Rectifier diode D R2 Output diode D 1 Output diode D 2 Output capacitance C o Step-up/down inductance L 2 Step-down inductor L 1 . By respectively combining the devices into two conversion units, namely a buck conversion unit and a buck conversion unit, the two conversion units can respectively work in a positive half power frequency period and a negative half power frequency period.
In FIG. 3, a switching tube S 1 Step-down inductor L 1 Output diode D 1 Is a buck conversion unit and is connected with the output capacitor C o Rectifier diode D R1 The electric energy conversion in the negative half cycle of the alternating current input is realized. Since the invention operates in buck conversion mode during the negative half cycle of the ac input, when the input voltage v in Less than the output voltage V o At this time, buck conversion cannot be achieved by the buck conversion unit, resulting in dead zone of input current at this stage.
In FIG. 3, a switching tube S 2 Step-up and step-down inductance L 2 Output diode D 2 Is a buck-boost conversion unit, and is connected with the output capacitor C o Rectifier diode D R2 The conversion of electric energy in the positive half period of the alternating current input is realized. Because the invention works in the buck-boost conversion mode in the positive half cycle of the alternating current input, no dead zone exists in the input current.
Specifically, one end of the ac input side is connected to a rectifier diode D R2 Is another rectifier diode D R1 Is connected to the cathode of the battery. The other end of the alternating current input side is connected with an output diode D 1 Cathode, output capacitance C of (2) o Positive electrode of (a) and step-up/down voltage inductance L 2 One end of (2) and load R L Is connected to one end of the housing. Rectifier diode D R2 Cathode and switching tube S of (2) 2 Is connected with the drain electrode of the rectifier diode D R1 Anode and switching tube S of (C) 1 Is connected to the source of (c). Step-up and step-down inductor L 2 And the other end of the switch tube S 2 Source of (D) output diode D 2 Is connected to the cathode of the battery. Switch tube S 1 Drain and output diode D of (c) 1 Anode of (d), buck inductor L 1 Is connected to one end of the connecting rod. Step-down inductor L 1 And the other end of (C) and the output capacitor C o Negative electrode of (D), output diode D 2 Anode, load R of (2) L Is connected with the other end of the connecting rod.
Referring to fig. 4 to 7, the following is specific:
fig. 4 (a) is an equivalent circuit diagram of a buck-boost operating mode 1 of the dual-mode bridgeless buck PFC converter in a positive half cycle of an ac input;
fig. 4 (b) is an equivalent circuit diagram of a buck-boost operating mode 2 of the dual-mode bridgeless buck PFC converter in a positive half cycle of an ac input;
fig. 4 (c) is an equivalent circuit diagram of a buck-boost operating mode 3 of the dual-mode bridgeless buck PFC converter in a positive half cycle of the ac input;
fig. 5 (a) is an equivalent circuit diagram of a buck mode 4 of the dual-mode bridgeless buck PFC converter in a negative half-cycle of the ac input;
fig. 5 (b) is a schematic diagram of an equivalent circuit of a buck mode 5 of the dual-mode bridgeless buck PFC converter in a negative half-cycle of the ac input;
fig. 5 (c) is an equivalent circuit diagram of a buck mode 6 of the dual-mode bridgeless buck PFC converter in a negative half-cycle of the ac input.
The working principle of the bridge-free buck PFC converter with the double working modes is illustrated by a mode diagram:
step-up and step-down operation modes 1[0, d ] 1 T S ]: at this stage, switch tube S 2 In a conductive state, the input terminal passes through the rectifying diode D R2 And a switch tube S 2 To step up and down the voltage inductance L 2 Charging, step-up and step-down piezoelectricity induction current i L2 Linearly rising, switch tube S 2 Current and buck-boost inductance current i of (2) L2 Is the same in magnitude and direction. Output capacitor C o To power the load.
Step-up and step-down operation mode 2 d 1 T S ,(d 1 +d 2 )T S ]: switch tube S 2 Turn off, store in step-up and step-down voltage sense L 2 Energy of (2) passes through the output diode D 2 Supplying power to a load end, and increasing and decreasing a voltage induced current i L2 The linearity decreases. The working mode is up to the step-up piezoelectric induction current i L2 The fall to time 0 ends.
Step-up and step-down working mode 3[ (d) 1 +d 2 )T S ,T S ]: switch tube S 2 Keep turn-off, step-up and step-down the voltage sense current i L2 Hold to 0, output diode D 2 Keep off, output capacitor C o Energizing the load side.
Step-down mode 4[0, d ] 1 T S ]: switch tube S 1 In a conductive state, the input terminal passes through the output capacitor C o Rectifier diode D R1 Switch tube S 1 Step-down inductor L 1 Charging, step-down inductor current i L1 Linearly rising, switch tube S 1 Is equal to the current of the buck inductor current i L1 Is the same in magnitude and direction.
Buck mode 5[d 1 T S ,(d 1 +d 2 )T S ]: switch tube S 1 Turn-off, store in step-down inductor L 1 Energy of (2) passes through the output diodeTube D 1 Supplying power to a load end, and reducing inductance current i L1 The linearity decreases. The working mode is up to the step-down inductance current i L1 The fall to time 0 ends.
Step-down working mode 6[ (d) 1 +d 2 )T S ,T S ]: switch tube S 1 Keep turning off, step down inductor current i L1 Hold to 0, output diode D 1 Keep off, output capacitor C o Energizing the load side.
Referring to fig. 8-9, because two rectifier diodes exist in the topology of the dual-operation mode bridgeless buck PFC converter of the present invention, the input voltage is not shorted due to the simultaneous conduction of two switching tubes, and the two switching tubes can be driven by the same driving, thereby simplifying the control of the circuit. The specific control method comprises the following steps: output voltage V o Sampling signal and output reference voltage V o,ref Comparing, PI parameter adjustment to obtain error feedback signal, comparing the error feedback signal with triangular wave to generate output signal of comparator, which can be used for directly driving switch tube S 1 Switch tube S 2 。
To verify the circuit feasibility of the present invention, the present invention primarily enables the converter to operate in an inductor current discontinuous conduction mode (discontinue conduction mode, DCM) to simplify the control circuitry. Specifically, in order to verify the feasibility of the AC-DC power conversion circuit, PSIM simulation software is adopted to simulate and verify the circuit.
Simulation results of the converter:
specific parameters are as follows: the AC input adopts sine signal fitting, the peak value of the AC voltage is 311V, the rated value is 220V, the frequency is 50Hz, and the inductance L 1 100uH, output inductance L 2 Output capacitor C is 206uH o 990uF, output voltage 160V, load R L 256 Ω, 100W output, 50khz switching frequency, 0.8P in pi parameter, 0.005 i.
As with other PFC converters, the circuit of the present invention, when operating in DCM, requires a simple input side LC differential mode (differential mode, DM) electromagnetic interference (electromagnetic interference, EMI) filter of each ofL f ＝2.2mH、C f ＝0.1uF。
Fig. 10 is a waveform simulation diagram of a key device of the bridgeless Buck converter of the present invention. As can be seen from fig. 10, the bridgeless buck converter of the present invention realizes a regulated output of 160V at a frequency of 50Hz at the ac input peak 311V. And switch tube S 1 Switch tube S 2 Although operating under the same drive control signal, it is still possible to operate at the input voltage v due to the presence of the rectifying diode in The alternating operation of the positive half period and the negative half period of the transformer realizes the AC-DC conversion operation without a rectifier bridge. Moreover, the simulated waveforms of the devices are stable, which indicates that the converter can stably operate, and the simulated waveforms of the devices are consistent with the theoretical waveforms shown in fig. 10.
In order to compare and illustrate the performance advantages of the converter topology of the invention, the existing buck PFC converter is simulated according to the simulation parameters. The simulation parameters of the existing buck PFC converter are as follows: the AC input voltage is 311Vac, and the DC voltage V is output o 160V, 990uF output capacitance C, 100uH inductance L, electromagnetic filter inductance L f 2.2mH, input capacitance C f At 0.1uf, switching frequency 50kHz, output power 100W, and the same PI control parameters (p=0.8, i=0.005) were all used.
Table 1 shows the PF value, THDi, and harmonics of the input current of the prior buck PFC converter compared to the bridgeless buck PFC converter of the present invention. It can be seen that the converter of the present invention has a significantly higher PF value, lower THDi and harmonics of the respective input current than the existing buck PFC converter.
Table 1 comparison of the performance of the buck PFC with the converter of the present invention
As can be seen from table 1, the dual-mode bridgeless buck PFC converter according to the present invention can still achieve stable operation and power factor correction by using simple single-voltage closed-loop control, and has higher PF and lower THDi performance compared with the existing buck PFC converter.
The foregoing is only for aiding in understanding the method and the core of the invention, but the scope of the invention is not limited thereto, and it should be understood that the technical scheme and the inventive concept according to the invention are equivalent or changed within the scope of the invention by those skilled in the art. In view of the foregoing, this description should not be construed as limiting the invention.
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Cited By (4)
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| CN118249638A (en) * | 2024-03-26 | 2024-06-25 | 西南交通大学 | Mixed mode bridgeless buck PFC converter without input current dead zone |
| CN118249678A (en) * | 2024-05-08 | 2024-06-25 | 西南交通大学 | High PF Brushless DC Motor Drive System Based on Bridgeless Buck PFC Converter |
| CN118826512A (en) * | 2024-08-30 | 2024-10-22 | 西南交通大学 | High-efficiency bridgeless boost rectifier circuit for low-voltage energy recovery sources |
| CN120090451A (en) * | 2025-03-20 | 2025-06-03 | 西南交通大学 | Wide output and low voltage stress bridgeless PFC converter based on SEPIC and Cuk |
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