CN117436344A - Wind turbine blade structure optimization design method based on parameterization description - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a wind turbine blade structure optimization design method based on parameterization description, which is oriented to a main bearing structure of a blade and comprises a main beam, a trailing edge beam, a blade root reinforcing layer and a web plate, and comprises the following implementation steps: 1. designing the layout rule of the spanwise layering thickness distribution and the structural chord direction positioning of the main bearing structural components of the blade; 2. respectively creating mathematical models of the layering thickness distribution and the structural chord direction positioning of the main beam, the trailing edge beam, the blade root reinforcing layer and the web by adopting a parameterized modeling method; 3. taking the minimum total weight of the blade as an optimization target, and adopting an intelligent optimization algorithm to optimally design the blade structure of the wind turbine; 4. and calculating the structural stress of the blade to obtain the optimal structural positioning meeting the optimal design requirement. The invention completes the rapid iteration and strength analysis of blade structure optimization-structure design, improves the blade design efficiency, ensures the safety of the blade structure, has universality and provides a method basis for the large-scale development of the blade.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of wind turbine blades, in particular to a wind turbine blade structure optimization design method based on parameterization description.
Background
The wind power blade is a key component for converting wind energy into mechanical energy and finally driving a generator to generate electricity, and the advantages and disadvantages of the structure, quality and performance of the blade determine whether the whole wind turbine generator can stably run for a long time. With the continuous development of wind power generation industry and the increasing social electricity demand, the large development trend of wind turbine generators is more and more obvious, and the design difficulty and the calculation efficiency risk are increased while the length of the blades is increased. The design safety of the blade can not only cause the operation damage of the blade per se and reduce the design life, but also cause the collapse and the overturning of the wind turbine because of the structural fracture of the important blade, and the potential safety hazard is increased while the huge economic loss is caused. Therefore, the research of developing the structural design of the wind turbine blade with high efficiency and universality has very important significance and value for the development and improvement of wind power technology.
At present, the structural layout, geometric positioning, layering thickness distribution, material selection and the like of a main bearing structure of the blade lead to extremely complex blade structures, the research on parameterization definition of each part of the blade structure in the wind turbine blade optimization design method is insufficient, and the distribution rules of the positioning and layering thickness distribution of the blade structure in the blade cannot be effectively and simultaneously described through mathematical expressions, so that the efficiency and the result accuracy of structural characteristic analysis and structural optimization are low. Further, wind turbine blade structural optimization is a multi-objective, multi-variable, multi-constraint design process, and previous studies have not optimally designed a plurality of structural variables that relate to all of the main load bearing structural properties of the blade, which may have a significant impact on the structural properties of the blade. And the blade structure characteristic analysis, the blade structure parameterized modeling and the blade structure optimization are mutually independent processes, and an optimization framework integrating the three processes is absent. Therefore, in order to rapidly complete the structural design of the blade and obtain the wind turbine blade with higher performance, the blade structural optimization design method mainly comprising parameterized modeling is provided, so that the stubborn diseases such as low efficiency of blade design, insufficient safety margin of optimization design and the like can be relieved to a certain extent, and the method has great engineering application value for guaranteeing the large-scale development of the blade.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing an optimized design method of a wind turbine blade structure based on parameterized description aiming at the defects of the prior art.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the wind turbine blade structure optimization design method based on parameterization description comprises the following steps:
step 1: according to the structural design requirement of the blade, based on the aerodynamic shape and the extreme load of the full-size blade, the layout of the spanwise layering thickness distribution and the structural chord positioning of the main beam, the trailing edge beam, the blade root reinforcing layer and the web plate of the blade is designed,
step 2: the spanwise ply thickness distribution and the structural chord direction positioning of the girder, the trailing edge girder, the blade root reinforcing layer and the web are parameterized by adopting mathematical expressions, the number of ply layers multiplied by the thickness of each ply of material is defined as the corresponding spanwise ply thickness of the girder, the trailing edge girder, the blade root reinforcing layer and the web, parameterized description mathematical models of the girder thickness distribution, the trailing edge girder thickness distribution and the blade root reinforcing layer thickness distribution are respectively established through parameterized description along the spanwise direction of the blade, then the parameterized description mathematical models of the girder, the trailing edge girder, the web and the blade root reinforcing layer in the chord direction position of the blade profile are respectively defined,
step 3: according to the parameterized description mathematical model of the spanwise layering thickness distribution and the structural chord direction positioning of the main beam, the trailing edge beam, the blade root reinforcing layer and the web, based on the ultimate load, the material performance and the layering material distribution data, adopting a thin-wall rod structural mechanics algorithm to calculate the structural stress of the blade to obtain the minimum structural safety coefficient and the strength distribution of the blade profile,
step 4: the method comprises the steps of establishing a wind turbine blade structure by taking the number of main girder layering layers, the number of trailing edge girder layering layers, the number of blade root reinforcing layers and the position of a web plate as optimization variables, taking the minimum total weight of the blade as an optimization target, taking a maximum stress criterion as a constraint condition, and adopting an intelligent optimization algorithm to optimize the wind turbine blade structure, so as to optimally design the main girder, the trailing edge girder, the blade root reinforcing layers and the web plate structure, and obtain the optimal layering thickness distribution of the main girder, the trailing edge girder and the blade root reinforcing layers and the optimal structural positioning of the web plate which meet the optimization design requirements.
In order to optimize the technical scheme, the specific measures adopted further comprise:
in the step 1, load calculation is carried out on the wind turbine blade under different design working conditions and wind condition combinations through the Bladed software, so that load data of each section of the whole wind turbine blade is obtained, and further limit load data of the blade is obtained.
In the step 2, the specific method for parameterizing and describing the chord direction positioning and the spreading direction layering thickness distribution of the main beam by adopting the mathematical expression is as follows: first, the chord direction of the girder is positioned by taking the central line of the girder as a reference standard, and the central line of the girder is respectively shifted to the front edge and the rear edge by W 1 After/2, determining the width W of the girder 1 Wherein the position of the central line of the main beam is determined by the distance from the connecting line of the vertical angle of the variable pitch axis on the chord length to the front edge point, and the main beam starting point and the main beam ending point are defined as the percentage gamma of the chord length respectively spar1 、γ spar2 Thus, the parameterized description mathematical model U of the chord direction positioning of the main beam is obtained s1 ＝[γ spar1 γ spar2 W 1 ]The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Which is a kind ofThe thickness distribution of the girder spreading direction layer is formed by the number N of girder layer layers 1 Angle of elevation alpha of the thickness of the main girder layer 1 And a lowering angle alpha 2 And the spreading direction starting and stopping position L of the main girder paving 1 、L 2 Describing the thickness distribution of the main girder spanwise pavement by a parameterized description mathematical model U s2 ＝[N 1 L 1 L 2 α 1 α 2 ]Wherein the suction surface and the pressure surface main beam of the blade adopt the same parameterized description mathematical model.
In the step 2, the specific method for parameterizing and describing the chord-wise positioning and the span-wise layering thickness distribution of the trailing edge beam by adopting a mathematical expression is as follows: first, the trailing edge beam chordwise positioning is shifted from the trailing edge point to the leading edge by W 2 Is the width W of the trailing edge beam 2 And obtain the percent gamma of the chord length of the trailing edge beam cut-off point TE Thereby obtaining the parameterized description mathematical model U of trailing edge beam chord direction positioning t1 ＝[γ TE W 2 ]The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Secondly, the spreading direction of the trailing edge beam is distributed by the number N of the trailing edge beam layering layers 2 Trailing edge beam ply thickness rise angle beta 1 And a descent angle beta 2 And the spreading direction starting and stopping position L of the trailing edge beam laying 3 、L 4 Describing the thickness distribution of the trailing edge beam spread-out direction pavement by a parameterized description mathematical model U t2 ＝[N 2 L 3 L 4 β 1 β 2 ]Wherein the blade suction side and pressure side trailing edge beams use the same parameterized descriptive mathematical model.
In the step 2, the specific method for describing the blade root reinforcing layer by adopting mathematical expression parameterization is as follows: because the blade root reinforcing layers are fully paved along the suction surface and the pressure surface of the blade in the chord direction, the chord direction positioning is not needed, the blade root reinforcing layer is paved at the blade root, and the thickness distribution of the spreading direction layer is N layers of the blade root reinforcing layer 3 Thickness decreasing angle theta of spanwise ending position of blade root reinforcing layer and ending position L of blade root reinforcing layer along spanwise 5 Describing the thickness of the blade root reinforcing layer spanwise layering, and obtaining a parameterized description mathematical model of the thickness of the blade root reinforcing layer spanwise layering as U r ＝[N 3 θ L 5 ]。
In the step 2, the specific method for describing the web by adopting mathematical expression parameterization is as follows: because the thickness of the web plate layering is designed to be uniform along the spanwise direction, the optimal design of the thickness distribution of the spanwise layering is not needed, the parameterization of web plate positioning is carried out by taking the central line of the main beam as a reference standard, and the distance c is respectively offset towards the front edge and the rear edge along the central line of the main beam 1 And c 2 Thereby obtaining the position x of the web in the chord direction of the blade web1 And x web2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Defining the number of web ply layers N 4 And the spanwise start-stop position L of web laying 6 、L 7 To describe, the mathematical model from which the web parametric description is derived is U w ＝[N 4 L 6 L 7 x web1 x web2 ]。
In the step 3, the distribution data of the paving materials comprise the partition percentage data of the blade profile paving of the main beam, the trailing edge beam, the blade root reinforcing layer and the web and the distribution data of the paving thickness, and the two data are obtained in the following way: parameterized description mathematical model U through visual interface s1 、U s2 、U t1 、U t2 、U r 、U w And (3) inputting structural parameter information into a table, and comparing the blade profile layering thicknesses of the main beam, the trailing edge beam, the blade root reinforcing layer and the web in the table to obtain the blade profile layering partition percentage data and layering thickness distribution data of the main beam, the trailing edge beam, the blade root reinforcing layer and the web.
In the step 3, based on the limit load, the material performance and the distribution data of the layering materials, the structural stress calculation of the blade is carried out by adopting a thin-wall rod structural mechanics algorithm, and the specific method for obtaining the minimum structural safety coefficient and the intensity distribution of the blade profile is as follows: calculating the tensile stress sigma of a blade main beam, a trailing edge beam, a blade root reinforcing layer and a web plate of a blade structure section under the action of extreme load by adopting a thin-wall rod member structural mechanics method t And compressive stress sigma c Allowable stress [ sigma ] of main beam material, trailing edge beam material, blade root reinforcing layer material and web material respectively t ]、[σ c ]Comparing to obtain the minimum structural safety coefficient of the blade section asEnsuring that the structural design meets the strength requirement, i.e. S f ≥1.0。
In step 4, the mathematical model expression for optimizing the wind turbine blade structure by adopting the intelligent optimization algorithm is as follows:
optimizing an objective function:
design variable x= { X i }(i＝1,2,3,4,5)
Constraint conditions:
selecting the minimum total weight of the blade as an optimized objective function, wherein m is i Line mass r representing cross section i Representing the spanwise distance of the ith structural section of the blade from the root, the blade extension is defined as R, r= Σr i The design variables are: from U s2 The number of the main girder layer is selected to be N 1 、U t2 The number of the layers N of the trailing edge beam 2 、U r Selecting the number N of blade root reinforcing layers 3 From U w In selecting the position x of the web in the chord direction of the blade web1 、x web2 Respectively defined as x for design variables 1 、x 2 、x 3 、x 4 、x 5 And the constraint condition is the maximum stress criterion, and the number of main beam layers N is not considered to be the change of the layer width of each structural component 1 Number of layers of trailing edge beam layer N 2 Number of blade root reinforcing layers N 3 Position x of web in blade chord web1 、x web2 The geometrical constraints of (2) are:
wherein x is L ，x U Is the lower and upper limits of the design variables.
In step 4, the intelligent optimization algorithm is a genetic algorithm.
The invention has the following advantages:
the invention provides a wind turbine blade structure optimization design method based on parameterization description, and simultaneously, the parameterization description of the structure chord direction positioning and the spreading direction layering thickness distribution of important bearing components of the blade structure is completed. Furthermore, the design parameters of the structural components are used as optimization variables, the minimum total weight of the blade is used as an optimization target, the maximum stress criterion is met as a constraint, and the wind turbine blade structure is optimally designed by adopting a genetic algorithm.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for optimizing the design of a wind turbine blade structure based on parameterization,
figure 2 is a chord-wise positioning of the main and trailing edge beams of a wind turbine blade,
figure 3 is a model of the wind turbine blade spar ply thickness distribution,
figure 4 is a model of the wind turbine blade trailing edge beam lay-up thickness distribution,
figure 5 is a model of the thickness distribution of the reinforcement ply of the blade root of a wind turbine blade,
figure 6 is a chord-wise positioning of a wind turbine blade web,
figure 7 is a schematic view of a wind turbine blade web in the spanwise direction,
figure 8 is a blade cross-section coordinate system,
FIG. 9 is a graph of a distance profile of a spanwise cross-section of a wind turbine blade.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent, the present application is described and illustrated below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the present application. All other embodiments, which can be made by one of ordinary skill in the art without undue burden on the person of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments provided herein, are intended to be within the scope of the present application.
It is apparent that the drawings in the following description are only some examples or embodiments of the present application, and it is possible for those of ordinary skill in the art to apply the present application to other similar situations according to these drawings without inventive effort. Moreover, it should be appreciated that while such a development effort might be complex and lengthy, it would nevertheless be a routine undertaking of design, fabrication, or manufacture for those of ordinary skill having the benefit of this disclosure, and thus should not be construed as having the benefit of this disclosure.
Reference in the specification to "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of the application. The appearances of such phrases in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments. It is to be expressly and implicitly understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments without conflict.
Unless defined otherwise, technical or scientific terms used herein should be given the ordinary meaning as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. Reference to "a," "an," "the," and similar terms herein do not denote a limitation of quantity, but rather denote the singular or plural. The terms "comprising," "including," "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not limited to only those listed or may include additional steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. The terms "connected," "coupled," and the like in this application are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. The term "plurality"/"a number" as used herein refers to two or more. "and/or" describes an association relationship of an association object, meaning that there may be three relationships, e.g., "a and/or B" may mean: a exists alone, A and B exist together, and B exists alone. The character "/" generally indicates that the context-dependent object is an "or" relationship. The terms "first," "second," "third," and the like, as used herein, are merely distinguishing between similar objects and not representing a particular ordering of objects.
The invention discloses a wind turbine blade structure optimization design method based on parameterization description, and the body flow is shown in figure 1. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1: according to the structural design requirement of the blade, based on the aerodynamic shape and the limit load of the full-size blade, main structural components of the blade are designed, and the main structural components comprise main beams, trailing edge beams, blade root reinforcing layers, the spreading direction layering thickness distribution of webs and the layout rule of structural chord direction positioning.
The wind turbine blade data is derived from a wind turbine blade manufacturer; the load data of the blade is obtained by means of Bladed software calculation, and the load calculation is carried out on the wind turbine blade under different design working conditions and wind condition combinations through large commercial software Bladed, so that the load data of each section of the whole wind turbine blade is obtained;
step 2: the method mainly comprises the steps of describing each part of the blade structure by adopting a mathematical expression parameterization method, wherein the parameterization mainly comprises the spanwise layering thickness distribution and the structural chord direction positioning of a blade main beam, a trailing edge beam, a blade root reinforcing layer and a web, so that structural parameters required by the design and optimization of the blade structure are obtained. Firstly, the number of layers of the pavement is defined and multiplied by the thickness of each layer of pavement material to be the pavement thickness of each component, and mathematical models of the thickness distribution of the main girder, the thickness distribution of the trailing edge girder and the thickness distribution of the blade root reinforcing layer are respectively established through parameterization along the span-wise direction of the blade. And then, respectively defining mathematical models of structural chord positioning by distributing main beams, trailing edge beams, webs and blade root reinforcing layers at chord positions of the blade profile.
And 2, the parameterized description of the main beam is divided into chordwise positioning of the main beam and spreading direction layering thickness distribution of the main beam. The chord direction positioning of the girder is shown in fig. 2, the position of the central line of the girder is firstly determined by determining the width of the girder and the position of the start-stop position of the width of the girder in the chord direction, and therefore, the position of the central line of the girder is determined by adopting the distance from the connecting line of the vertical angle of the variable pitch axis on the chord length to the front edge point.
On the basis, the center line of the main beam is respectively shifted to the front edge and the rear edge by W 1 After/2, determining the width W of the girder 1 And determining the positions of the starting point and the ending point of the main beam, and then defining the ratio gamma of the distance from the starting point to the front edge point of the main beam to the chord length spar1 And the ratio gamma of the distance from the end point of the main beam to the front edge point to the chord length spar2 Expressed in percent.
The parameterized description mathematical model for the chord direction positioning of the main beam can be obtained by the method: u (U) s1 ＝[γ spar1 γ spar2 W 1 ]
According to FIG. 3, the thickness of the spanwise deck of the main girder is N number of main girder decks 1 As determined, because the number of layers of the main girder layers paved at different positions in the expanding direction is different, the main girder of the blade is required to be divided into different sections, and the number of layers of each section is different, the thickness of the main girder layers is increased by an angle alpha 1 And a lowering angle alpha 2 To show the trend of the thickness of each section of the ply. The length of the girder laid along the expanding direction is equal to the expanding direction starting and stopping position L of the girder laid 1 、L 2 To describe, wherein L 1 For the distance from the main girder laying starting point to the blade root, L 2 The distance from the main girder laying end point to the blade root is set. From this, the parameterized description mathematical model of the girder spanwise layering thickness distribution can be obtained as U s2 ＝[N 1 L 1 L 2 α 1 α 2 ]。
Further, step 2 trailing edge beam parameterization is described as trailing edge beam chordwise positioning and spanwise ply thickness distribution, and the blade suction side and pressure side trailing edge beams are designed in the same manner. According to FIG. 2The chord-wise positioning of the trailing edge beam is based on the edge point, and is shifted from the trailing edge point to the leading edge direction by W 2 Is the width W of the trailing edge beam 2 And obtaining the ratio gamma of the distance from the end point of the trailing edge beam to the front edge point to the chord length TE Expressed in percent form. From this, parametric description mathematical model U of trailing edge beam chordwise positioning can be obtained t1 ＝[γ TE W 2 ]。
According to FIG. 4, the trailing edge beam span-wise ply thickness is determined by the number of trailing edge beam plies N 2 The determination that the number of layers of the layer of the trailing edge beam is different at different positions in the spreading direction, and the trailing edge beam is required to be divided into different sections, and the number of layers of each section is different, so that the rising angle beta of the layer thickness of the trailing edge beam is used 1 And a descent angle beta 2 To show the trend of the thickness of each section of the ply. Span-wise start-stop position L of trailing edge girder along span-wise laying length by trailing edge girder 3 、L 4 To describe, wherein L 3 Paving the distance from the starting point to the blade root for the trailing edge beam, L 4 The distance from the end point to the blade root is paved for the trailing edge beam. From this, the parametric description mathematical model of trailing edge beam spanwise ply thickness distribution can be obtained as U t2 ＝[N 2 L 3 L 4 β 1 β 2 ]。
Further, in step 2 root stiffening layer parameterization, since the root stiffening layer is chordally full-laid along both the suction side and the pressure side of the blade, no chordwise positioning is required. As can be seen from FIG. 5, root reinforcement ply laying begins with the root, wherein the spanwise ply thickness is defined by the number of root reinforcement ply plies N 3 To show that, because the thickness of the layer of the blade root reinforcing layer is thicker at the position close to the blade root and thinner at the position far away from the blade root, the thickness falling angle theta of the spanwise ending position of the blade root reinforcing layer is used for showing the change of the thickness of the layer, and the ending position L of the blade root reinforcing layer along the spanwise direction is determined 5 . Therefore, the parameterized mathematical model of the blade root reinforcing layer spanwise ply thickness can be obtained as U r ＝[N 3 θ L 5 ]。
Further, in step 2 web parameterization, the web ply thickness is along the spanwise directionThe equal thickness design does not need to carry out the optimal design of the thickness of the layer along the spreading direction. It can be seen from FIG. 6 that the web positioning parametrization is offset from the main beam centerline by a distance c in the direction of the leading and trailing edges, respectively, along the main beam centerline 1 And c 2 Thereby the position x of the web in the chord direction of the blade can be obtained web1 And x web2 . Wherein x is web1 As a percentage of chord length from the web centerline near the leading edge to the leading edge point, x web2 As a percentage of chord length from the web centerline near the trailing edge to the leading edge point, wherein the web ply thickness is defined by the web ply number N 4 And (5) determining.
According to FIG. 7, the web is laid in the spanwise direction at a distance L 6 And L 7 Wherein L is 6 Distance from start point to blade root for web plate laying, L 7 The distance from the end point of the web laying to the blade root. From this, a mathematical model of the web parametric description can be derived as U w ＝[N 4 L 6 L 7 x web1 x web2 ]。
Step 3: and carrying out programming according to a mathematical model of parameterized description of the layering thickness distribution and the structural positioning of the main structural component of the blade to obtain a design form of cross section geometric positioning data and layering thickness distribution data of the structural design of the blade, and carrying out blade structural stress calculation by adopting a thin-wall rod structural mechanics algorithm on the basis of the obtained geometric positioning and layering thickness distribution data based on limit load, material performance and layering material distribution rules to obtain the minimum structural safety coefficient and strength distribution of the cross section of the blade.
The design form of the geometrical positioning data of the section of the wind turbine blade structure and the distribution data of the layering thickness adopts a programming mode, and the mathematical model U of the main part of the blade structure established in the step 2 is input through a visual interface s1 、U s2 、U t1 、U t2 、U r 、U w To complete the parametric description of the blade structure and to obtain blade profile layup partition percent data and layup thickness distribution data for each component for positive stress calculation of the blade structure.
In the mechanical characteristic analysis method of the blade structure, based on the layering partition percentage of the blade section and the layering thickness distribution data of each part, the mechanical method of the thin-wall rod structure is adopted to calculate the section characteristic of the blade structure, and the line strain on the blade section is assumed to accord with the plane distribution rule, namely the line strain assumption.
When the positive stress calculation is performed on the wind turbine blade structure, the load is based on the blade cross-section coordinate system, and as shown in fig. 8, the blade structure characteristic calculation is performed based on XOYs. In order to solve the positive stress of the section, the rigidity moment, the inertia moment and the inertia product of the section need to be obtained first, and the formula is as follows:
longitudinal stiffness: ea= ≡ A EdA, wherein a is the area of the ply of the blade cross-section,
blade section pair Y s Rigidity moment of shaft
Blade section pair X s Rigidity moment of shaft
Blade section pair Y s Moment of inertia of shaft
Blade section pair X s Moment of inertia of shaft
Inertial product of blade cross section
According to the linear strain assumption, obtaining the positive stress of any point on the section of the wind turbine blade
Wherein E is the elastic modulus of the material,x is the line strain of any point on the blade section s 、Y s Epsilon is the coordinates of points on the cross section of the blade 0 、/>Expressed as elastic strain, winding Y, of the mid-plane of the blade cross-section, respectively, for the coefficient of uncertainty s Deformation curvature of axis and winding X s The deformation curvature of the shaft can be obtained from the static equilibrium conditions on the blade cross section.
Integrating along the whole section, the axial force of the section can be calculatedAnd waving moment M f Moment of shimmy M e The formula is as follows:
the above formula can be written collectively as:
represented in matrix form as follows:
the section characteristic matrix of the blade can be obtained by carrying out integral operation on the section of the blade, and the undetermined coefficient epsilon can be determined by inverting the section characteristic matrix and multiplying the section load 0 、Thus, the stress +.of the points on the blade section can be obtained>After the positive stress is applied, the tensile stress sigma of the blade main beam, the trailing edge beam, the blade root reinforcing layer and the web plate of the blade structure section under the action of the limit load can be calculated t And compressive stress sigma c And allowable stress [ sigma ] of main beam material, trailing edge beam material, blade root reinforcing layer material and web material respectively t ]、[σ c ]By contrast, the minimum structural safety coefficient of the blade profile is obtainedEnsuring that the structural design meets the strength requirement, i.e. S f ≥1.0。
Step 4: and 2-3, according to the optimization parameter setting and the structural strength analysis of the step 2, selecting the number of main girder layers, the number of trailing girder layers, the number of blade root reinforcing layers and the web position from the mathematical model established in the step 2 as design variables, taking the minimum total weight of the blade as an optimization target, taking the maximum stress criterion as a constraint condition, and adopting an intelligent optimization algorithm to optimize the structure of the wind turbine blade. The girder, the trailing edge girder, the blade root reinforcing layer and the web structure are optimally designed, so that the optimal layering thickness distribution of the girder, the trailing edge girder and the blade root reinforcing layer and the optimal structural positioning of the web which meet the requirement of the optimal design are obtained.
The mathematical model expression of the intelligent optimization algorithm of the blade structure is as follows:
optimizing an objective function:
design variable x= { X i }(i＝1,2,3,4,5)
Constraint conditions:
(1) Objective function
In general, the greater the mass of the blade, the more material it is required to manufacture, and the higher the cost, and the higher the requirements for the tower and the complete machine. The smaller the mass of the blade is required to be, the better. Therefore, the optimized mathematical model selects the minimum mass of the blade as an objective function, wherein m is as follows i Line mass representing the ith section, r i Represents the distance of the ith section, as shown in FIG. 9, where r i =root represents the position of the start point of the section, r i =tip represents the section end point position.
Calculating the linear mass of the section of the blade and the total mass of the blade by adopting the positive stress equation when the thin-wall beam is freely bent to calculate the positive stressThen combining given safety coefficient and intelligent optimization algorithm to obtain the thicknesses of main beam, trailing edge beam and blade root reinforcing layer of key section of blade and web position, and integrating to obtain the line mass m of section i . Integrating the line mass of all sections, and summing to obtain the bladeIs combined with the total weight of (3).
(2) Design variables
The design variables for the blade structure optimization are determined according to the mathematical model established in the step 2, and the design variables of the mathematical optimization model in the invention are as follows: from U s2 The number of the main girder layer is selected to be N 1 、U t2 The number of the layers N of the trailing edge beam 2 、U r Selecting the number N of blade root reinforcing layers 3 From U w In selecting the position x of the web in the chord direction of the blade web1 、x web2 Respectively defined as x for design variables 1 、x 2 、x 3 、x 4 、x 5 . And the design variables satisfy geometric constraints:in (1) the->Is the lower and upper limits of the design variables.
(3) Constraint conditions
The structural optimization problem of the wind turbine blade is a complex constraint optimization problem, and the model is mainly selected to meet the strength condition for constraint, and the formula is as follows:
further, the selected intelligent optimization algorithm is a genetic algorithm, and the basic operation process of the genetic algorithm is as follows:
(a) Initializing: setting an evolution algebra counter t=0, setting a maximum evolution algebra T, randomly generating M individuals as an initial population P (0).
(b) Individual evaluation: the fitness of each individual in the population P (t) is calculated.
(c) Selection operation: the selection operator is applied to the population. The goal of the selection is to inherit the optimized individuals directly to the next generation or to generate new individuals through pairwise crossover to the next generation. The selection operation is based on an fitness evaluation of the individuals in the population.
(d) And (3) performing crossover operation: the crossover operator is applied to the population. What plays a central role in the genetic algorithm is the crossover operator.
(e) And (3) mutation operation: the mutation operator is applied to the population, i.e., the genetic value at some loci of the individual strings in the population is altered. The group P (t) is subjected to selection, crossover and mutation operation to obtain a next generation group P (t+1).
(f) Judging a termination condition: if t=t, the individual with the greatest fitness obtained in the evolution process is used as the optimal solution to be output, and the calculation is terminated.
If the result of optimizing the blade meets the strength condition of the blade, the value of the design variable at the moment meets the requirement, and the design variable is brought into the layering design of the blade to finish the optimization of the blade structure; and if the condition is not met, continuing to perform iterative computation on the blade until the constraint condition is met.
Because the optimization variables in the optimization model are structural design parameters of the blades in the parameterized description, the optimization variables can be adjusted according to the needs to construct different optimization models; and when the optimized optimal solution is obtained, the parameterized description of the blade structure can be rapidly carried out, and the structural design of the blade can be completed, so that the time required by the whole optimization process is greatly reduced.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above examples, and all technical solutions belonging to the concept of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention. It should be noted that modifications and adaptations to the invention without departing from the principles thereof are intended to be within the scope of the invention as set forth in the following claims.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a wind turbine blade structure optimal design method based on parameterization description, blade structure includes girder, trailing edge roof beam, blade root enhancement layer and web, characterized by: the wind turbine blade structure optimization design method specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1: according to the structural design requirement of the blade, based on the aerodynamic shape and the extreme load of the full-size blade, the layout of the spanwise layering thickness distribution and the structural chord positioning of the main beam, the trailing edge beam, the blade root reinforcing layer and the web plate of the blade is designed,
step 2: the spanwise ply thickness distribution and the structural chord direction positioning of the girder, the trailing edge girder, the blade root reinforcing layer and the web are parameterized by adopting mathematical expressions, the number of ply layers multiplied by the thickness of each ply of material is defined as the corresponding spanwise ply thickness of the girder, the trailing edge girder, the blade root reinforcing layer and the web, parameterized description mathematical models of the girder thickness distribution, the trailing edge girder thickness distribution and the blade root reinforcing layer thickness distribution are respectively established through parameterized description along the spanwise direction of the blade, then the parameterized description mathematical models of the girder, the trailing edge girder, the web and the blade root reinforcing layer in the chord direction position of the blade profile are respectively defined,
step 3: according to the parameterized description mathematical model of the spanwise layering thickness distribution and the structural chord direction positioning of the main beam, the trailing edge beam, the blade root reinforcing layer and the web, based on the ultimate load, the material performance and the layering material distribution data, adopting a thin-wall rod structural mechanics algorithm to calculate the structural stress of the blade to obtain the minimum structural safety coefficient and the strength distribution of the blade profile,
step 4: the method comprises the steps of establishing a wind turbine blade structure by taking the number of main girder layering layers, the number of trailing edge girder layering layers, the number of blade root reinforcing layers and the position of a web plate as optimization variables, taking the minimum total weight of the blade as an optimization target, taking a maximum stress criterion as a constraint condition, and adopting an intelligent optimization algorithm to optimize the wind turbine blade structure, so as to optimally design the main girder, the trailing edge girder, the blade root reinforcing layers and the web plate structure, and obtain the optimal layering thickness distribution of the main girder, the trailing edge girder and the blade root reinforcing layers and the optimal structural positioning of the web plate which meet the optimization design requirements.
2. The wind turbine blade structure optimization design method based on parameterized description as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method is characterized by comprising the following steps: in the step 1, load calculation is carried out on the wind turbine blade under different design working conditions and wind condition combinations through the Bladed software, so that load data of each section of the whole wind turbine blade is obtained, and further limit load data of the blade is obtained.
3. The wind turbine blade structure optimization design method based on parameterized description as claimed in claim 2, wherein the method is characterized by comprising the following steps: in the step 2, the specific method for parameterizing and describing the chord direction positioning and the spreading direction layering thickness distribution of the main beam by adopting the mathematical expression is as follows: first, the chord direction of the girder is positioned by taking the central line of the girder as a reference standard, and the central line of the girder is respectively shifted to the front edge and the rear edge by W 1 After/2, determining the width W of the girder 1 Wherein the position of the central line of the main beam is determined by the distance from the connecting line of the vertical angle of the variable pitch axis on the chord length to the front edge point, and the main beam starting point and the main beam ending point are defined as the percentage gamma of the chord length respectively spar1 、γ spar2 Thus, the parameterized description mathematical model U of the chord direction positioning of the main beam is obtained s1 ＝[γ spar1 γ spar2 W 1 ]The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Secondly, the thickness distribution of the girder spreading direction layer is formed by the number N of girder layer layers 1 Angle of elevation alpha of the thickness of the main girder layer 1 And a lowering angle alpha 2 And the spreading direction starting and stopping position L of the main girder paving 1 、L 2 Describing the thickness distribution of the main girder spanwise pavement by a parameterized description mathematical model U s2 ＝[N 1 L 1 L 2 α 1 α 2 ]Wherein the suction surface and the pressure surface main beam of the blade adopt the same parameterized description mathematical model.
4. A wind turbine blade structure optimization design method based on parameterized description according to claim 3, characterized in that: in the step 2, the specific method for parameterizing and describing the chord-wise positioning and the span-wise layering thickness distribution of the trailing edge beam by adopting a mathematical expression is as follows: first, the trailing edge beam chordwise positioning is shifted from the trailing edge point to the leading edge by W 2 Is the width W of the trailing edge beam 2 And obtain the percent gamma of the chord length of the trailing edge beam cut-off point TE Thereby obtaining the parameterized description mathematical model U of trailing edge beam chord direction positioning t1 ＝[γ TE W 2 ]The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Secondly, the spreading direction of the trailing edge beam is distributed by the number N of the trailing edge beam layering layers 2 Trailing edge beam ply thickness rise angle beta 1 And a descent angle beta 2 And the spreading direction starting and stopping position L of the trailing edge beam laying 3 、L 4 Describing the thickness distribution of the trailing edge beam spread-out direction pavement by a parameterized description mathematical model U t2 ＝[N 2 L 3 L 4 β 1 β 2 ]Wherein the blade suction side and pressure side trailing edge beams use the same parameterized descriptive mathematical model.
5. The wind turbine blade structure optimization design method based on parameterized description as claimed in claim 4, wherein the method is characterized by comprising the following steps: in the step 2, the specific method for describing the blade root reinforcing layer by adopting mathematical expression parameterization is as follows: because the blade root reinforcing layers are fully paved along the suction surface and the pressure surface of the blade in the chord direction, the chord direction positioning is not needed, the blade root reinforcing layer is paved at the blade root, and the thickness distribution of the spreading direction layer is N layers of the blade root reinforcing layer 3 Thickness decreasing angle theta of spanwise ending position of blade root reinforcing layer and ending position L of blade root reinforcing layer along spanwise 5 Describing the thickness of the blade root reinforcing layer spanwise layering, and obtaining a parameterized description mathematical model of the thickness of the blade root reinforcing layer spanwise layering as U r ＝[N 3 θ L 5 ]。
6. The wind turbine blade structure optimization design method based on parameterized description as claimed in claim 5, wherein the method is characterized by comprising the following steps: in the step 2, the specific method for describing the web by adopting mathematical expression parameterization is as follows: because the thickness of the web plate layering is designed to be uniform along the spanwise direction, the optimal design of the thickness distribution of the spanwise layering is not needed, the parameterization of web plate positioning is carried out by taking the central line of the main beam as a reference standard, and the distance c is respectively offset towards the front edge and the rear edge along the central line of the main beam 1 And c 2 Thereby obtaining the position x of the web in the chord direction of the blade web1 And x web2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Defining the number of web ply layers N 4 And the spanwise start-stop position L of web laying 6 、L 7 To describe, the mathematical model from which the web parametric description is derived is U w ＝[N 4 L 6 L 7 x web1 x web2 ]。
7. The wind turbine blade structure optimization design method based on parameterized description as claimed in claim 6, wherein the method is characterized by comprising the following steps: in the step 3, the distribution data of the paving materials comprise the partition percentage data of the blade profile paving of the main beam, the trailing edge beam, the blade root reinforcing layer and the web and the distribution data of the paving thickness, and the two data are obtained in the following way: parameterized description mathematical model U through visual interface s1 、U s2 、U t1 、U t2 、U r 、U w And (3) inputting structural parameter information into a table, and comparing the blade profile layering thicknesses of the main beam, the trailing edge beam, the blade root reinforcing layer and the web in the table to obtain the blade profile layering partition percentage data and layering thickness distribution data of the main beam, the trailing edge beam, the blade root reinforcing layer and the web.
8. The wind turbine blade structure optimization design method based on parameterized description as claimed in claim 7, wherein the method is characterized by comprising the following steps: in the step 3, based on the limit load, the material performance and the distribution data of the layering materials, the structural stress calculation of the blade is carried out by adopting a thin-wall rod structural mechanics algorithm, and the specific method for obtaining the minimum structural safety coefficient and the intensity distribution of the blade profile is as follows: calculating the tensile stress sigma of a blade main beam, a trailing edge beam, a blade root reinforcing layer and a web plate of a blade structure section under the action of extreme load by adopting a thin-wall rod member structural mechanics method t And compressive stress sigma c Allowable stress [ sigma ] of main beam material, trailing edge beam material, blade root reinforcing layer material and web material respectively t ]、[σ c ]Comparing to obtain the minimum structural safety coefficient of the blade section asEnsuring that the structural design meets the strength requirement, i.e. S f ≥1.0。
9. The wind turbine blade structure optimization design method based on parameterized description of claim 8 is characterized in that: in step 4, the mathematical model expression for optimizing the wind turbine blade structure by adopting the intelligent optimization algorithm is as follows:
optimizing an objective function:
design variable x= { X i }(i＝1,2,3,4,5)
Constraint conditions:
selecting the minimum total weight of the blade as an optimized objective function, wherein m is i Line mass r representing cross section i Representing the spanwise distance of the ith structural section of the blade from the root, the blade extension is defined as R, r= Σr i The design variables are: from U s2 The number of the main girder layer is selected to be N 1 、U t2 The number of the layers N of the trailing edge beam 2 、U r Selecting the number N of blade root reinforcing layers 3 From U w In selecting the position x of the web in the chord direction of the blade web1 、x web2 Respectively defined as x for design variables 1 、x 2 、x 3 、x 4 、x 5 And the constraint condition is the maximum stress criterion, and the number of main beam layers N is not considered to be the change of the layer width of each structural component 1 Number of layers of trailing edge beam layer N 2 Number of blade root reinforcing layers N 3 Position x of web in blade chord web1 、x web2 The geometrical constraints of (2) are:
wherein x is L ，x U Is the lower and upper limits of the design variables.
10. The wind turbine blade structure optimization design method based on parameterized description of claim 1, wherein in step 4, the intelligent optimization algorithm is a genetic algorithm.
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