CN117411464A - Multi-column nonlinear transmission line comb spectrum generator, electronic device and electronic equipment - Google Patents
Multi-column nonlinear transmission line comb spectrum generator, electronic device and electronic equipment Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a comb spectrum generator of a plurality of linear nonlinear transmission lines, an electronic device and electronic equipment, wherein the nonlinear transmission lines of the comb spectrum generator comprise multistage LC units, the multistage LC units are sequentially cascaded along the propagation direction of an input signal, each LC unit comprises a unit inductance and a unit capacitance, and the unit inductances of adjacent LC units are mutually connected in series; the inductance value of the unit inductance of each stage of LC unit and the capacitance value of the unit capacitance are gradually decreased and set according to a preselected adjustment mode along the propagation direction of an input signal, the characteristic impedance of each stage of LC unit is equal, and the characteristic impedance is determined by the inductance value and the capacitance value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of comb spectrum generators, and particularly relates to a comb spectrum generator of a number-series nonlinear transmission line, an electronic device and electronic equipment.
Background
In the aspect of modern frequency synthesis based on electronic devices, a comb spectrum generator is usually used for generating an ultralow phase noise frequency source, wherein the comb spectrum generator can convert a signal with a single frequency into abundant harmonic waves in a frequency domain, the harmonic waves look like a comb in the frequency domain, required spectral lines can be selected by a narrow-band filter to be amplified as a local oscillator and a reference clock, and the frequency source can also be used as a phase discrimination frequency to perform ultralow phase noise frequency synthesis.
A nonlinear transmission line comb spectrum generator is an implementation of a comb spectrum generator, which is designed based on a multistage inductance and capacitance cascade of varactor technology, which allows signals to be transmitted at different speeds in the time domain according to their distance from zero voltage, so that signals far from zero voltage are transmitted faster, which leads to an increase in the steepness of the time domain waveform, thus generating a large number of harmonics in the frequency domain, with the advantages of low residual phase noise and high output frequency.
In the related art, the comb spectrum generator of the nonlinear transmission line is generally formed by cascading a plurality of identical LC cells, wherein the inductance and capacitance values of each stage of LC cells are the same, so that the number of LC cells is determined by the number of stages of the nonlinear transmission line, and when the number of stages of the nonlinear transmission line is greater, the number of LC cells is also greater, resulting in a larger device size of the comb spectrum generator and a longer transmission line, and meanwhile, a longer line also brings about a larger loss, so that the transmission efficiency is drastically reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a comb spectrum generator of a plurality of linear nonlinear transmission lines, which can reduce the size of the comb spectrum generator, reduce additional phase noise and line loss and improve transmission efficiency.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a comb spectrum generator for a plurality of nonlinear transmission lines, including:
the nonlinear transmission line comprises a plurality of stages of LC units, the LC units are sequentially cascaded along the propagation direction of an input signal, each LC unit comprises a unit inductance and a unit capacitance, and the unit inductances of adjacent LC units are mutually connected in series; the inductance value of the unit inductance of each stage of the LC unit and the capacitance value of the unit capacitance are gradually decreased and set according to a pre-selection adjustment mode, the characteristic impedance of each stage of the LC unit is equal, the characteristic impedance is determined by the inductance value and the capacitance value, and the pre-selection adjustment mode at least comprises one of the following steps: an equal ratio array adjustment and an equal difference array adjustment.
In some embodiments of the invention, an anode of the cell capacitor is coupled to a signal output terminal corresponding to the cell inductance in the LC cell, and a cathode of the cell capacitor is grounded; the capacitance value of the cell capacitor is inversely proportional to an internal self-bias voltage generated when the cell capacitor performs detection processing on the input signal.
In some embodiments of the invention, the capacitance value is at a minimum and the characteristic impedance is at a maximum when the internal self-bias voltage is at a valley voltage bias;
wherein the following expression is satisfied among the characteristic impedance, the inductance value, and the capacitance value:
wherein Z is L And L is the inductance value, and C is the capacitance value for the characteristic impedance.
In some embodiments of the invention, the total delay difference of the nonlinear transmission line satisfies the following expression:
wherein Deltat is the total delayAnd L is the inductance value, deltaC is the capacitance value difference of the unit capacitor under the peak voltage bias and valley voltage bias states, and N is the total number of the LC units of the nonlinear transmission line.
In some embodiments of the invention, when the input frequency of the input signal satisfies the following expression:
f in ≥1/(4×Δt)；
wherein when f is satisfied in ∈[1/(4×Δt),5/(4×Δt)]When the transmission efficiency of the nonlinear transmission line reaches a maximum value.
In some embodiments of the invention, the cell capacitance is a gallium arsenide or indium phosphide III-V compound varactor; the capacitance ratio of the cell capacitance is smaller than 4, and the reflection loss of the LC cell is smaller than minus 10dB.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the preselected adjustment mode is an equal-ratio series adjustment, and along the propagation direction of the input signal, the inductance value of the unit inductance of the LC unit of each stage is gradually decreased in an equal-ratio series, and the capacitance value of the unit capacitance of the LC unit of each stage is gradually decreased in an equal-ratio series
Or the preselected adjustment mode is an arithmetic series adjustment mode, along the propagation direction of the input signal, the inductance value of the unit inductance of each stage of the LC unit is gradually decreased in an arithmetic series mode, and the capacitance value of the unit capacitance of each stage of the LC unit is gradually decreased in an arithmetic series mode.
In some embodiments of the invention, the nonlinear transmission line comprises at least a first line segment and a second line segment in cascade, each comprising a plurality of stages of the LC cells;
in the first line segment, the preselected adjustment mode is an equal-ratio series adjustment mode, and along the propagation direction of an input signal, the inductance value of the unit inductance of each stage of the LC unit is gradually decreased in an equal-ratio series mode, and the capacitance value of the unit capacitance of each stage of the LC unit is gradually decreased in an equal-ratio series mode;
in the second line segment, the preselected adjustment mode is an arithmetic series adjustment, and along the propagation direction of the input signal, the inductance value of the unit inductance of each stage of the LC unit is gradually decreased in an arithmetic series, and the capacitance value of the unit capacitance of each stage of the LC unit is gradually decreased in an arithmetic series.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention further provides an electronic device, including a number-array nonlinear transmission line comb spectrum generator according to the first aspect.
In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present invention further provides an electronic device, including a number-series nonlinear transmission line comb spectrum generator according to the first aspect, or including an electronic device according to the second aspect.
The invention provides a comb spectrum generator of a plurality of linear nonlinear transmission lines, an electronic device and electronic equipment, which have at least the following beneficial effects: the nonlinear transmission line of the linear nonlinear transmission line comb spectrum generator comprises a plurality of stages of LC units, the LC units are sequentially cascaded along the propagation direction of an input signal, each LC unit comprises a unit inductance and a unit capacitance, and the unit inductances of adjacent LC units are mutually connected in series; the inductance value of the unit inductance of each stage of the LC unit and the capacitance value of the unit capacitance are gradually decreased and set according to a pre-selection adjustment mode, the characteristic impedance of each stage of the LC unit is equal, the characteristic impedance is determined by the inductance value and the capacitance value, and the pre-selection adjustment mode at least comprises one of the following steps: according to the technical scheme of the embodiment, the inductance value and the capacitance value of each stage of LC unit are gradually decreased in a number sequence, the multi-stage adjustment is realized through the front stage of LC unit with larger inductance value and capacitance value, the number of LC units can be effectively reduced, the size of the comb spectrum generator is reduced, meanwhile, the length of a nonlinear transmission line can be shortened, the line loss is reduced, and the transmission efficiency is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a multi-column nonlinear transmission line comb spectrum generator provided in one embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a comb spectrum generator for a plurality of nonlinear transmission lines according to another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic waveform diagram of a multi-column nonlinear transmission line comb spectrum generator according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an output spectrum simulation waveform under a first excitation condition for a specific example of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a diagram of an output spectrum measured waveform under a first excitation condition, in accordance with a specific example of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an output spectrum simulation waveform under a second excitation condition for a specific example of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a diagram of an output spectrum measured waveform under a second excitation condition, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a 100MHz input impedance simulation of a specific example of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of a 200MHz input impedance simulation of a specific example of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
It should be noted that although functional block division is performed in a device diagram and a logic sequence is shown in a flowchart, in some cases, the steps shown or described may be performed in a different order than the block division in the device, or in the flowchart. The terms first, second, third and the like in the description, in the claims and in the above-described figures, are used for distinguishing between similar objects and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing embodiments of the invention only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention.
In modern electronic device-based frequency synthesis, a comb spectrum generator is usually used for generating an ultralow phase noise frequency source, wherein the comb spectrum generator can convert a signal with a single frequency into abundant harmonics in a frequency domain, the harmonics look like a comb in the frequency domain, a required spectral line can be selected to be amplified by a narrow-band filter to serve as a local oscillator and a reference clock, and can also be used as a phase discrimination frequency to perform ultralow phase noise frequency synthesis, and the nonlinear transmission line comb spectrum generator is an implementation mode of the comb spectrum generator and is designed based on multistage inductance and capacitance cascade of a varactor technology, and the design allows the signal to be transmitted at different speeds according to the distance from zero voltage in the time domain, so that the signal far from zero voltage is transmitted more quickly, the characteristic leads to the steep increase of a time domain waveform, and thus a great amount of harmonics are generated in the frequency domain, and the advantages of low residual phase noise and high output frequency are achieved.
In the related art, the comb spectrum generator of the nonlinear transmission line is generally formed by cascading a plurality of identical LC cells, wherein the inductance and capacitance values of each stage of LC cells are the same, so that the number of LC cells is determined by the number of stages of the nonlinear transmission line, and when the number of stages of the nonlinear transmission line is greater, the number of LC cells is also greater, resulting in a larger device size of the comb spectrum generator and a longer transmission line, and meanwhile, a longer line also brings about a larger loss, so that the transmission efficiency is drastically reduced.
Based on the above, in order to at least solve the technical problems that in the deep learning model training in the prior art, the computational resource consumption is high, the training precision is low, and the method cannot be effectively applied to the model training process with complex network structure and high requirement on the training precision, the invention provides a array nonlinear transmission line comb spectrum generator, an electronic device and an electronic device, wherein the array nonlinear transmission line comb spectrum generator comprises: the nonlinear transmission line comprises multistage LC units, the multistage LC units are sequentially cascaded along the propagation direction of an input signal, each LC unit comprises a unit inductance and a unit capacitance, and the unit inductances of adjacent LC units are mutually connected in series; the inductance value of the unit inductance of each stage of LC unit and the capacitance value of the unit capacitance are gradually decreased and set according to a preselected adjustment mode along the propagation direction of the input signal, the characteristic impedance of each stage of LC unit is equal, the characteristic impedance is determined by the inductance value and the capacitance value, and the preselected adjustment mode at least comprises one of the following steps: according to the technical scheme of the embodiment, the inductance value and the capacitance value of each stage of LC unit are gradually decreased in a number sequence, the multi-stage adjustment is realized through the front stage of LC unit with larger inductance value and capacitance value, the number of LC units can be effectively reduced, the size of the comb spectrum generator is reduced, meanwhile, the length of a nonlinear transmission line can be shortened, the line loss is reduced, and the transmission efficiency is improved.
Embodiments of the present invention are further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a comb spectrum generator of a plurality of nonlinear transmission lines according to an embodiment of the present invention, including: the nonlinear transmission line comprises multistage LC units, the multistage LC units are sequentially cascaded along the propagation direction of an input signal, each LC unit comprises a unit inductance and a unit capacitance, and the unit inductances of adjacent LC units are mutually connected in series; the inductance value of the unit inductance of each stage of LC unit and the capacitance value of the unit capacitance are gradually decreased and set according to a preselected adjustment mode along the propagation direction of the input signal, the characteristic impedance of each stage of LC unit is equal, the characteristic impedance is determined by the inductance value and the capacitance value, and the preselected adjustment mode at least comprises one of the following steps: an equal ratio array adjustment and an equal difference array adjustment.
When the preselected adjustment mode is the adjustment of an equal-ratio series, the inductance value of the unit inductance of each stage of LC unit is gradually decreased in the equal-ratio series along the propagation direction of the input signal, and the capacitance value of the unit capacitance of each stage of LC unit is gradually decreased in the equal-ratio series; or when the preselected adjustment mode is the arithmetic series adjustment, the inductance value of the unit inductance of each stage of LC unit is gradually decreased in the arithmetic series along the propagation direction of the input signal, and the capacitance value of the unit capacitance of each stage of LC unit is gradually decreased in the arithmetic series.
It should be noted that, in the nonlinear transmission line, there are multiple LC cells, where the cell capacitor is coupled to the signal output end of the cell inductor, as shown in fig. 1, the nth cell inductor and the nth cell capacitor form an nth LC cell, and so on. It should be noted that, the multiple LC units are cascaded, taking the N-th stage connected to the signal input port and the 1 st stage connected to the signal output port as an example, the N-1 th stage LC unit is cascaded to the output end of the N-th stage LC unit, and the embodiment uses the decreasing from the N-th stage to the 1 st stage for convenience of description only, and is not limited by the numbering mode of each stage.
Notably, the characteristic impedance of the LC cell isWherein Z is L The LC cells of this embodiment are distributed in a number of rows on the parameter value, but keep the characteristic impedance equal, i.e. satisfy +.>The parameters of the LC cells of the 1 st stage may be the integral multiple of the parameters of the first stage, and the geometric series is necessarily the integral multiple because the geometric series needs to satisfy the common ratio, and the geometric series may be the tolerance of L as described above, or may be the integral multiple of L as the tolerance, and may be adjusted according to the actual requirement. Of course, in practical application, some errors may exist in the electronic components, and the error value may also be set, so that the characteristic impedance of each LC cell is within the error range.
It is noted that, in the present embodiment, the inductance values of the LC cells decrease according to the number columns, and the capacitance values also decrease according to the number columns, for example, taking an arithmetic progression of N levels as an example, referring to fig. 1, the inductance value of the N-th level of the unit inductance is n×l, the N-1-th level of the unit inductance is (N-1) ×l, and so on, the first level is L, the tolerance is L, and the unit capacitance is the same, and the description is not repeated here; for another example, taking an equal ratio array of 4 stages as an example, the inductance value of the 4 th stage LC cell is 8L, the 3 rd stage is 4L, the 2 nd stage is 2L, the 1 st stage is L, the common ratio is 2, and the unit capacitance is the same, and the description is not repeated here. It should be noted that, in this embodiment, fig. 1 is an equivalent circuit, if the equivalent circuit is formed by cascading a plurality of unit inductors and unit capacitors (for example, 8L is formed by cascading 8 unit inductors with an inductance value of L), the volume of the nonlinear transmission line is increased, so each stage of LC unit in this embodiment is composed of one unit inductor and one unit capacitor, and the unit inductors and the unit capacitors with different parameter values are adopted to realize a number of columns of distribution, and in particular, an equal-ratio number, an equal-difference number or an equal-difference equal-ratio mixing mode is adopted to select according to the frequency adjustment requirement of the comb spectrum generator, that is, the frequency adjustment stage number is required to select.
By means of the technical scheme of the embodiment, parameter values of all stages of LC units meet the descending distribution of the number columns, and the number of LC unit stages of the nonlinear transmission line can be reduced by setting the unit inductance and the unit capacitance with larger values, so that the volume of the nonlinear transmission line is reduced. For example, in the related art, parameters of each stage of LC units are equal, in the case that 15 stages of nonlinear transmission lines are needed, 15 stages of LC units are needed, and when the technical scheme of the embodiment is adopted, only 4 stages of LC units are needed, and inductance values of unit inductances are 8L, 4L, 2L and 1L in sequence, and are reduced in equal-ratio sequence with a common ratio of 2, that is, the 4 th stage LC unit can realize 8 stages of frequency adjustment, the 3 rd stage LC unit can realize 4 stages of frequency adjustment, that is, the 2 nd stage LC unit can realize 4 stages of frequency adjustment, the 1 st stage LC unit can realize 1 stage of frequency adjustment, so that 15 stages of frequency adjustment are totally realized, and the unit capacitance is the same and is not repeated here.
According to the technical scheme of the embodiment, the characteristic impedance of each stage of LC unit is equal, the parameter values of the unit inductance and the unit capacitance are gradually decreased, and the equal ratio or equal difference array distribution is met, so that on one hand, the number of the inductance and the varactor of the comb spectrum generator can be obviously reduced; on the other hand, as the signal propagates in the device, the inductance value and the capacitance value become smaller step by step, the self-resonance frequency of the unit inductance and the unit capacitance will be increased, thereby ensuring a higher output frequency range, effectively improving the output frequency range and the upper limit of the comb spectrum generator, and improving the transmission performance.
In addition, in one embodiment, referring to FIG. 1, the anode of the cell capacitor is coupled to the cell inductor, and the capacitance of the cell capacitor is inversely proportional to the internal self-bias established by the detection of the input signal by the cell capacitor.
It should be noted that, in the LC cell of the related art, the cathode of the cell capacitor is coupled to the cell inductor, and there are also some cell capacitors in which a plurality of hybrid connections are disposed in the LC cell, some cell capacitors are anodically coupled to the cell inductor, some cell capacitors are cathodically coupled to the cell inductor, and two cell capacitors are disposed in opposite directions. As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, based on the characteristics of the varactor, the current from the cathode can be considered as a high value resistance, i.e., conduction cannot be achieved, so only the unidirectional cathode coupled cell capacitor must be configured with an external bias voltage; for a plurality of unit capacitors in hybrid connection, compared with unidirectional coupling, larger excitation power is needed, the common mode voltage of an input signal is required to be greatly improved, and external bias voltage is also required to be introduced on the basis of the common mode voltage so as to ensure the normal operation of the LC unit. Therefore, as long as one unit capacitor in the nonlinear transmission line passes through the cathode coupling unit inductor, an external bias power supply is necessarily required to be introduced to provide bias voltage, and once the external bias power supply is introduced, the circuit structure is more complex, the volume of the whole device is increased, the line length is longer, the loss is increased, the transmission efficiency is reduced, the noise of the nonlinear transmission line is increased by introducing the external power supply, and the additional phase noise of the nonlinear transmission line is deteriorated.
It is noted that, in the LC cell of the present embodiment, the anode of the cell capacitor is coupled to the signal output terminal of the cell inductor in the corresponding LC cell, and the cathode of the cell capacitor is grounded; the capacitance value of the unit capacitor is inversely proportional to the internal self-bias voltage, the internal self-bias voltage is generated when the unit capacitor detects an input signal, namely the internal self-bias voltage can be formed through the unit capacitor without introducing an external bias power supply, so that the introduction of external noise can be avoided, the additional phase noise of signal transmission is lower, the loss of a nonlinear transmission line can be reduced through simplifying a circuit structure, and the transmission efficiency of the nonlinear transmission line is greatly improved. The principle of the self-bias in the present embodiment will be briefly described with reference to fig. 3.
As shown in fig. 3, fig. 3 is a signal waveform diagram in cartesian coordinates, when an input signal shown in the waveform diagram in the first time domain of fig. 3 is input to the LC cell and passes through the cell varactor, the cell varactor can be regarded as a conductor due to the anode coupling of the cell inductance, so that the cell capacitance can establish a negative common-mode voltage through detection, so that the input signal is shifted in the time domain in the negative direction toward the y-axis, thereby forming an internal self-bias V of the input signal according to the embodiment bias By internal self-bias V bias The self-bias of the input signal is realized, the waveform diagram of the input signal after the self-bias is shown as the waveform diagram of the second time domain in fig. 3, an external bias power supply can be omitted, the line noise and loss are reduced, and the transmission efficiency is improved.
Additionally, in one embodiment, the capacitance is at a minimum and the characteristic impedance of the LC cell is at a maximum when the internal self-bias is at the valley voltage bias.
It should be noted that, according to the description of the above embodiment, the self-bias of the input signal can be achieved through the technical solution of the present embodiment, and the cell capacitor is a varactor, the capacitance value of which varies with the voltage, so, as shown in the waveform diagram of the third time domain in fig. 3, when the internal self-bias is at the valley voltage bias, the capacitance value of the cell capacitor is the minimum C min Maximum Z of characteristic impedance max And (2) andwhen the internal self-bias is at peak voltage bias, the capacitance value of the cell capacitor is maximum C max Minimum characteristic impedance Z min And->
In addition, in one embodiment, the total delay difference of the nonlinear transmission line satisfies the following expression:
wherein Δt is the total delay time, L is the inductance value of the unit inductance, Δc is the capacitance value difference of the unit capacitance in the peak voltage offset and valley voltage offset states, N is the total number of LC cells of the nonlinear transmission line, the valley voltage is represented by Δt faster than the peak voltage transmission delay, the falling edge becomes steeper and steeper, and the frequency domain represents rich harmonics.
It should be noted that, based on the description of the above embodiment, the capacitance value C e [ C ] of the cell capacitor min ，C max ]Thus Δc=c max -C min And the maximum capacitance value and the minimum capacitance value of the varactor are both in a certain interval and float, so that the total delay difference of the nonlinear transmission line can be calculated according to a specific interval.
For example, as shown in FIG. 2, the nonlinear transmission line structure has 11 LC cells, the cell inductances and cell capacitances of the first 10 LC cells are equal and decreasing, the inductance difference is 2nH (nanoheng), the last 2 LC cells are equal and decreasing, the common ratio is 2, the inductance of the 1 LC cell is 1nH, the 11 LC cell is 20nH, and the minimum cell capacitance has a capacitance interval of 0.3pF,0.9pF]11 th stage [6,18]Delay difference of 1 st stage LC cellThe accumulated delay difference Δt=τ of the nonlinear transmission line (20+18+16+14+ … … +2+1) =24.5ps×111≡2.72ns.
In addition, in one embodiment, when the input frequency of the input signal satisfies the following expression:
f in ≥1/(4×Δt)；
wherein when f is satisfied in ∈[1/(4×Δt),5/(4×Δt)]When the transmission efficiency of the nonlinear transmission line reaches a maximum value.
It should be noted that, referring to the waveform diagram in the third time domain of fig. 3, the input frequency of the input signal satisfies f under the action of the internal self-bias in Not less than 1/(4×Δt), Δt being the total delay difference calculated in the above embodiment, when the input frequency f of the input signal in In the range [ 1/(4. DELTA.t), 5/(4. DELTA.t)]Large internal slope and resistanceThe anti-mismatch is small, the bias voltage is moderate, and the output efficiency of the nonlinear transmission line is high.
In addition, in one embodiment, the cell capacitance is a gallium arsenide or indium phosphide III-V compound varactor.
It should be noted that, the cell capacitor of this embodiment adopts gaas or in-p iii-v compound material, which has a lower noise characteristic, and can provide clearer signal transmission and reduce noise introduction, so that the use of the material can effectively reduce noise of the cell capacitor, and the phase noise, residual noise and time jitter of the device depend on the noise level and cascade matching of the device itself, so that when the noise of the cell capacitor is reduced, the noise level of the nonlinear transmission line can be effectively reduced.
It should be noted that, the cell inductance and the cell capacitance in this embodiment both adopt 0201 package size, so as to reduce the size of the LC cell.
In addition, in one embodiment, the cell capacitance has a varactor ratio of less than 4 and the cell capacitance has a reflection loss of less than-10 dB.
In this embodiment, the reflection loss S11 of the unit capacitor is less than-10 dB, the capacitance ratio is smaller than 4, and the inductance value of the unit inductor is selected to be matched with the capacitance value of the unit capacitor, the variation Rong Bi and other characteristics, in order to achieve excellent cascade matching.
In addition, in an embodiment, referring to fig. 2, the nonlinear transmission line includes at least a first line segment and a second line segment that are sequentially cascaded, each of the first line segment and the second line segment including a multi-stage LC cell;
in the first line segment, the preselected adjustment mode is equal-ratio series adjustment, and along the propagation direction of the input signal, the inductance value of the unit inductance of each stage of LC unit is gradually decreased in equal-ratio series, and the capacitance value of the unit capacitance of each stage of LC unit is gradually decreased in equal-ratio series;
in the second line segment, the preselected adjustment mode is an arithmetic series adjustment, and along the propagation direction of the input signal, the inductance value of the unit inductance of each stage of LC unit is gradually decreased in an arithmetic series, and the capacitance value of the unit capacitance of each stage of LC unit is gradually decreased in an arithmetic series.
It should be noted that, according to the description of the above embodiment, the cell inductances and the cell capacitances of the multi-level LC cells are distributed in a number array, and in the nonlinear transmission line shown in fig. 1, the whole line is reduced in order to satisfy an equal-ratio number array or an equal-difference number array. In order to improve the configuration flexibility of the nonlinear transmission line, the nonlinear transmission line is divided into a plurality of line segments, each line segment is distributed by adopting different number columns, and the plurality of line segments can be in the same number column form, for example, all the line segments adopt the same arithmetic sequence, but the tolerance of different line segments is different; the plurality of line segments may also be in different number series forms, for example, the first line segment in this embodiment adopts an equal-ratio number series, the second line segment adopts an equal-difference number series, and a specific number series form and tolerance and a common ratio may be set according to a specific adjustment series requirement of the nonlinear transmission line, so that the sum of the number series is equal to the adjustment series requirement of the nonlinear transmission line.
It is conceivable that the use of an arithmetic, an arithmetic or a mixture thereof to arrange LC cells in a nonlinear transmission line has a direct effect on their performance and characteristics, and that in general, when an arithmetic series is employed, a relatively uniform spectral distribution can be expected, since the characteristics of each LC cell change uniformly, and when an arithmetic series is employed, an arithmetic decrease tends to result in an exponentially decaying spectral distribution, meaning that some parts of the spectrum may be more intense or weaker than others; the purpose of the mixed use is to combine the advantages of the two, so that the required spectrum distribution is obtained, and the whole design is more economic and reasonable while the required frequency response and spectral line width are met through a mixed mode.
To better illustrate the solution of the present invention, a specific example is presented below in connection with fig. 2, in which the nonlinear transmission line includes a first line segment and a second line segment, the first line segment is located after the second line segment, the second line segment is connected to the signal input port, the first line segment is connected to the signal output port, the preselected adjustment mode is an equal-ratio array adjustment in the first line segment, and the preselected adjustment mode is an equal-difference array adjustment in the second line segment.
First, 11 stages are added in this example, the second line segment includes 9 stages, and the first line segment includes 2 stages, where in the second line segment, the inductance value of the LC cell of the 11 th stage connected to the input port is 20nH, and the inductance value of the LC cell of the 3 rd stage connected to the first line segment is 4nH, which decreases in sequence according to the tolerance of 2 nH; in the first circuit segment, the inductance value of the 2 nd level is 2nH, the common ratio is 2, and the inductance value of the 1 st level is 1nH; the same holds true for the cell capacitors, wherein the capacitance interval of the 11 th level cell capacitor in this example is [6,18] pf, and the capacitance interval of the 1 st level cell capacitor is [0.3,0.9] pf.
The smallest LC cell is then the 1 st stage LC cell, with a delay difference The cumulative delay difference Δt=τ× (20+18+16+14+ … … +2+1) =24.5ps×111≡2.72ns, corresponding to a minimum input frequency f=1/(4×2.72ns) ≡92MHz. As 20+18+16+14+ … … +2+1=111, it can be seen that if the scheme of the related art that the LC cell parameters are equal is adopted, 111 LC cells need to be arranged, but the scheme of the present example only needs to arrange 11 LC cells, so that the volume of the comb spectrum generator is effectively reduced, the line loss is reduced, and the transmission efficiency is greatly improved.
Next, taking the first excitation condition of the input signal as an example, the input frequency is 100MHz, the excitation power is 22dBm, a simulation diagram is shown in fig. 4, and an actual measurement diagram obtained by using the array nonlinear transmission line comb spectrum generator of the present embodiment is shown in fig. 5; the second excitation condition of the input signal is exemplified by an input frequency of 200MHz, an excitation power of 22dBm, a simulation diagram is shown with reference to fig. 6, and an actual measurement diagram obtained by using the array-like nonlinear transmission line comb spectrum generator of the present embodiment is shown with reference to fig. 7. The simulated impedance under the first excitation condition and the second excitation condition are shown in fig. 8 and fig. 9, respectively. It can be seen that under different excitation conditions, the curve matching degree of the actual measurement value and the simulation value is higher, and the impedance of the input/output port is in a preset range. According to the technical scheme, the comb spectrum generator can meet the output of the comb spectrum with fewer LC units, the size of the comb spectrum generator can be reduced, additional phase noise can be reduced, line loss can be reduced, and transmission efficiency can be improved.
In addition, the embodiment of the invention also provides an electronic device which comprises the array nonlinear transmission line comb spectrum generator.
It should be noted that, the electronic device of this embodiment may be a frequency generator such as a frequency multiplier or a mixer, and may generate a local oscillation signal or a clock signal based on the foregoing array-shaped nonlinear transmission line comb spectrum generator of this embodiment, where, by using the electronic device of this embodiment, the inductance value and the capacitance value of each stage LC unit of the array-shaped nonlinear transmission line comb spectrum generator decrease in a array manner, and by implementing multi-stage adjustment by using a preceding stage LC unit with a larger inductance value and capacitance value, the number of LC units may be effectively reduced, thereby reducing the size of the comb spectrum generator and further reducing the size of the electronic device; meanwhile, the length of the nonlinear transmission line can be shortened, the line loss is reduced, and the transmission efficiency of the electronic device is improved.
In addition, the embodiment of the invention also provides electronic equipment, which comprises the array nonlinear transmission line comb spectrum generator or the electronic device.
It should be noted that, the electronic device of this embodiment may be a millimeter wave security inspection device, and may apply the local oscillation signal or clock signal generated by the above-mentioned array nonlinear transmission line comb spectrum generator or electronic device, where, by using the electronic device of this embodiment, the inductance value and the capacitance value of each stage LC unit of the array nonlinear transmission line comb spectrum generator decrease in a array manner, and by using the preceding stage LC unit with a larger inductance value and capacitance value, a multi-stage adjustment is implemented, so that the number of LC units can be effectively reduced, thereby reducing the size of the comb spectrum generator, and further reducing the size of the electronic device; meanwhile, the length of the nonlinear transmission line can be shortened, the line loss is reduced, and the transmission efficiency of the electronic equipment is improved.
In summary, compared with the prior art, the inductance and capacitance values which are gradually decreased in steps can effectively reduce the number of LC units, and reducing the number of LC units means that the overall size of the comb spectrum generator can be reduced, the length of a nonlinear transmission line is shortened, and the loss of the line is further reduced, so that the transmission efficiency is improved; meanwhile, the characteristic impedance of each stage of LC units is guaranteed to be equal in the arrangement of the inductance and capacitance values which are gradually decreased, so that the impedance of each stage of LC units can be better matched, the consistency and stability of signals on the whole nonlinear transmission line are guaranteed, the possibility of signal distortion caused by reflection or other factors is reduced, the effects of reducing the signal loss on the whole transmission line and improving the overall efficiency of the system are achieved, and the nonlinear transmission line can be ensured to run stably, efficiently and reliably; and secondly, a unit capacitor anode coupling mode is adopted, so that the complexity and the additional excitation power requirement in a hybrid connection mode are avoided, the common mode voltage of an input signal is not required to be increased, an external bias power supply is not required to be introduced, the line loss and the additional phase noise of a nonlinear transmission line are further reduced, and the transmission efficiency and the signal quality are further improved.
The embodiments described in the embodiments of the present invention are for more clearly illustrating the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and do not constitute a limitation on the technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present invention, and as those skilled in the art may appreciate that, with the evolution of technology and the appearance of new application scenarios, the technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present invention are equally applicable to similar technical problems, and those skilled in the art will readily recognize other embodiments of the present application after considering the specification and practicing the embodiments disclosed herein, and this application is intended to cover any modification, use, or adaptation of the present application, which follows the general principles of the present application and includes common general knowledge or conventional technical means in the art not disclosed in the present application.
The terms "first," "second," "third," "fourth," and the like in the description of the invention and in the above figures, if any, are used for distinguishing between similar objects and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the data so used may be interchanged where appropriate such that the embodiments of the invention described herein may be implemented in sequences other than those illustrated or otherwise described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprises," "comprising," and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements expressly listed but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
It is to be understood that the present application is not limited to the precise arrangements and instrumentalities shown in the drawings, which have been described above, and that various modifications and changes may be effected without departing from the scope thereof. The scope of the application is limited only by the appended claims.
While the preferred embodiment of the present invention has been described in detail, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, and various equivalent modifications and substitutions can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and these equivalent modifications and substitutions are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A multi-column nonlinear transmission line comb spectrum generator comprising:
the nonlinear transmission line comprises a plurality of stages of LC units, the LC units are sequentially cascaded along the propagation direction of an input signal, each LC unit comprises a unit inductance and a unit capacitance, and the unit inductances of adjacent LC units are mutually connected in series;
the inductance value of the unit inductance of each stage of the LC unit and the capacitance value of the unit capacitance are gradually decreased and set according to a pre-selection adjustment mode, the characteristic impedance of each stage of the LC unit is equal, the characteristic impedance is determined by the inductance value and the capacitance value, and the pre-selection adjustment mode at least comprises one of the following steps: an equal ratio array adjustment and an equal difference array adjustment.
2. The array-like nonlinear transmission line comb spectrum generator of claim 1, wherein an anode of the cell capacitor is coupled to a signal output terminal corresponding to the cell inductance in the LC cell, and a cathode of the cell capacitor is grounded; the capacitance value of the cell capacitor is inversely proportional to an internal self-bias voltage generated when the cell capacitor performs detection processing on the input signal.
3. The array-like nonlinear transmission line comb spectrum generator of claim 2, wherein the capacitance value is at a minimum and the characteristic impedance is at a maximum when the internal self-bias is at a valley voltage bias;
wherein the following expression is satisfied among the characteristic impedance, the inductance value, and the capacitance value:
wherein Z is L And L is the inductance value, and C is the capacitance value for the characteristic impedance.
4. A multi-column nonlinear transmission line comb spectrum generator according to claim 3, wherein the total delay difference of the nonlinear transmission line satisfies the following expression:
wherein Δt is the total delay time, L is the inductance value, Δc is the capacitance value difference of the unit capacitance in the peak voltage bias and valley voltage bias states, and N is the total number of LC units of the nonlinear transmission line.
5. The array-like nonlinear transmission line comb spectrum generator of claim 4, wherein when an input frequency of the input signal satisfies the following expression:
f in ≥1/(4×Δt)；
wherein when f is satisfied in ∈[1/(4×Δt),5/(4×Δt)]When the transmission efficiency of the nonlinear transmission line reaches a maximum value.
6. A multi-column nonlinear transmission line comb spectrum generator according to claim 3, wherein said cell capacitance is a gallium arsenide or indium phosphide group iii compound varactor; the capacitance ratio of the cell capacitance is smaller than 4, and the reflection loss of the LC cell is smaller than minus 10dB.
7. The linear nonlinear transmission line comb spectrum generator of any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the preselected adjustment is an equal-ratio linear adjustment, and the inductance of the cell inductances of the LC cells of each stage decreases stepwise in the direction of propagation of the input signal, and the capacitance of the cell capacitances of the LC cells of each stage decreases stepwise in the equal-ratio linear
Or the preselected adjustment mode is an arithmetic series adjustment mode, along the propagation direction of the input signal, the inductance value of the unit inductance of each stage of the LC unit is gradually decreased in an arithmetic series mode, and the capacitance value of the unit capacitance of each stage of the LC unit is gradually decreased in an arithmetic series mode.
8. The multi-column nonlinear transmission line comb spectrum generator of claim 7, wherein the nonlinear transmission line comprises at least a first line segment and a second line segment that are cascaded in sequence, each of the first line segment and the second line segment comprising a plurality of stages of the LC cells;
in the first line segment, the preselected adjustment mode is an equal-ratio series adjustment mode, and along the propagation direction of an input signal, the inductance value of the unit inductance of each stage of the LC unit is gradually decreased in an equal-ratio series mode, and the capacitance value of the unit capacitance of each stage of the LC unit is gradually decreased in an equal-ratio series mode;
in the second line segment, the preselected adjustment mode is an arithmetic series adjustment, and along the propagation direction of the input signal, the inductance value of the unit inductance of each stage of the LC unit is gradually decreased in an arithmetic series, and the capacitance value of the unit capacitance of each stage of the LC unit is gradually decreased in an arithmetic series.
9. An electronic device comprising a number-series nonlinear transmission line comb spectrum generator as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8.
10. An electronic device comprising a number-series nonlinear transmission line comb spectrum generator as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, or comprising an electronic device as claimed in claim 9.
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