CN117401198A - Triaxial photoelectric pod and control method thereof - Google Patents
Triaxial photoelectric pod and control method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000005693 optoelectronics Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000005304 optical glass Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims 1
- NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N novaluron Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(OC(F)(F)C(OC(F)(F)F)F)=CC=C1NC(=O)NC(=O)C1=C(F)C=CC=C1F NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64U—UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES [UAV]; EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
- B64U20/00—Constructional aspects of UAVs
- B64U20/80—Arrangement of on-board electronics, e.g. avionics systems or wiring
- B64U20/87—Mounting of imaging devices, e.g. mounting of gimbals
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64U—UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES [UAV]; EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
- B64U20/00—Constructional aspects of UAVs
- B64U20/80—Arrangement of on-board electronics, e.g. avionics systems or wiring
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64U—UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES [UAV]; EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
- B64U20/00—Constructional aspects of UAVs
- B64U20/80—Arrangement of on-board electronics, e.g. avionics systems or wiring
- B64U20/83—Electronic components structurally integrated with aircraft elements, e.g. circuit boards carrying loads
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64U—UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES [UAV]; EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
- B64U2101/00—UAVs specially adapted for particular uses or applications
- B64U2101/30—UAVs specially adapted for particular uses or applications for imaging, photography or videography
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Abstract
Description
技术领域Technical field
本发明涉及无人机光电吊舱技术领域,尤其涉及一种三轴光电吊舱及其控制方法。The present invention relates to the technical field of UAV photoelectric pods, and in particular to a three-axis photoelectric pod and a control method thereof.
背景技术Background technique
随着科学技术的发展,无人机技术无论是在体积、续航、操控还是在飞控算法、机器视觉、云台技术以及软件开发能力等都得到了飞速的发展,无人机因能实现多平台挂载实现高效的作业反馈,使其在巡检、安防和搜救等行业应用大受欢迎。为实现多方位多角度的巡检,无人机下部的吊舱常采用三轴光电吊舱,三轴光电吊舱安装于固定翼或多旋翼无人机上,搭载高清可见光相机、红外测温相机、图像处理模块等光电载荷,具有方向、横滚和俯仰三个机械轴的三轴稳像功能,可实现在飞机飞行过程中相机清晰成像、目标稳定跟踪、目标测温等功能。无人机起飞后,光电吊舱的状态信息和图像信息通过机载设备传输到地面站,地面站将接收到的信息及图像处理后,输出到显示界面上。With the development of science and technology, drone technology has developed rapidly in terms of size, endurance, control, flight control algorithm, machine vision, gimbal technology and software development capabilities. The platform mounting enables efficient operation feedback, making it popular in industries such as inspection, security, and search and rescue. In order to achieve multi-directional and multi-angle inspections, the lower pod of the drone often uses a three-axis photoelectric pod. The three-axis photoelectric pod is installed on a fixed-wing or multi-rotor drone and is equipped with a high-definition visible light camera and an infrared temperature measurement camera. , image processing module and other optoelectronic loads, it has a three-axis image stabilization function with three mechanical axes of direction, roll and pitch, which can achieve functions such as clear camera imaging, stable target tracking, and target temperature measurement during aircraft flight. After the UAV takes off, the status information and image information of the photoelectric pod are transmitted to the ground station through the airborne equipment. The ground station processes the received information and images and outputs them to the display interface.
然而目前应用于无人机巡检监测作业的三轴光电吊舱的光电载荷质量和体积较大,受到无人机飞行过程中各种影响以及光电吊舱转动过程中的各项因素,其实际拍摄及跟踪功能受到一定影响。例如公开号为CN217198684U的专利文件,其公开了“一种高集成度小型三光吊舱”,实现了小型紧凑性的三轴三光吊舱设计,使得小型无人机能够带动三光设备,并实现多种功能的融合。但是该光电吊舱外轮廓尺寸不规则且具有一定的重量,无人机飞行中吊舱所受风阻力影响较大,吊舱在三轴方向的转动不稳定,导致高速飞行中对目标的跟踪效率受到影响;另一方面,由于在飞行拍摄时无人机及三轴光电吊舱的振动、偏航、俯仰及横滚等因素,所拍摄的照片会产生模糊、扭曲等现象,严重影响拍摄效果。However, the three-axis photoelectric pod currently used in UAV inspection and monitoring operations has a large photoelectric load mass and volume, which is affected by various influences during the flight of the UAV and various factors during the rotation of the photoelectric pod. The shooting and tracking functions are affected to some extent. For example, the patent document with the publication number CN217198684U discloses "a highly integrated small three-light pod", which realizes a small and compact three-axis three-light pod design, enabling small drones to drive three-light equipment and realize multiple The integration of functions. However, the outer contour size of the photoelectric pod is irregular and has a certain weight. The pod is greatly affected by wind resistance during the flight of the UAV. The rotation of the pod in the three-axis direction is unstable, resulting in tracking of targets during high-speed flight. Efficiency is affected; on the other hand, due to factors such as vibration, yaw, pitch and roll of the drone and the three-axis photoelectric pod during flight shooting, the photos taken will be blurred and distorted, seriously affecting the shooting Effect.
发明内容Contents of the invention
为解决现有技术存在的上述技术问题,本发明提供了一种三轴光电吊舱及其控制方法,可以保证三轴光电吊舱在转动过程中的稳定性,减少风阻影响,提高跟踪效果,提高三轴光电吊舱方位、俯仰和横滚多方位的稳定性,提高拍摄效果,本发明的具体技术方案如下。In order to solve the above technical problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a three-axis photoelectric pod and a control method thereof, which can ensure the stability of the three-axis photoelectric pod during rotation, reduce the impact of wind resistance, and improve the tracking effect. To improve the multi-directional stability of the three-axis photoelectric pod in azimuth, pitch and roll, and improve the shooting effect, the specific technical solutions of the present invention are as follows.
本发明一种三轴光电吊舱,包括与无人机基座连接的方位组件和与所述方位组件转动连接的横滚组件,所述横滚组件转动连接有俯仰组件,所述俯仰组件转动连接有光学舱,所述方位组件包括基座连接板和固定在基座连接板内壁的连接有导电滑环的方位电机,所述横滚组件包括一端与所述方位电机连接的L型支架和与所述L型支架另一端固定连接的横滚电机,所述横滚电机连接有U型架,所述俯仰组件包括与所述U型架两端固定连接的右侧耳和左侧耳,所述右侧耳和左侧耳内侧分别设有与所述光学舱连接的俯仰转轴和俯仰电机,所述光学舱包括设有红外热像仪、可见光摄像机、激光测距机、陀螺模块、跟踪板和主控板的中间舱,所述方位组件、横滚组件和俯仰组件形成的方位轴、横滚轴和俯仰轴相互垂直且三个轴线相交于一点,以提高吊舱在三轴方向的转动稳定性。A three-axis photoelectric pod of the present invention includes an azimuth component connected to a UAV base and a roll component rotatably connected to the azimuth component. The roll component is rotatably connected to a pitch component, and the pitch component rotates An optical cabin is connected, and the azimuth component includes a base connecting plate and an azimuth motor fixed on the inner wall of the base connecting plate and connected to a conductive slip ring. The roll component includes an L-shaped bracket with one end connected to the azimuth motor and A roll motor is fixedly connected to the other end of the L-shaped bracket, the roll motor is connected to a U-shaped frame, and the pitch assembly includes a right ear and a left ear fixedly connected to both ends of the U-shaped frame, The inside of the right ear and the left ear are respectively provided with a pitch axis and a pitch motor connected to the optical cabin. The optical cabin includes an infrared thermal imager, a visible light camera, a laser rangefinder, a gyro module, a tracking In the middle cabin of the board and the main control board, the azimuth, roll and pitch axes formed by the azimuth component, roll component and pitch component are perpendicular to each other and the three axes intersect at one point to improve the stability of the pod in the three-axis direction. Rotational stability.
作为进一步的技术方案,所述方位组件和横滚组件之间连接有稳定部件,所述稳定部件包括通过连接板与右侧耳和左侧耳连接的设有横滚槽的稳定半环,所述L型支架上端固定连接有与所述方位组件同轴的定位轴套筒,所述定位轴套筒下端设置的万向滚珠行走在所述横滚槽内。As a further technical solution, a stabilizing component is connected between the azimuth component and the rolling component, and the stabilizing component includes a stabilizing half ring equipped with a rolling groove that is connected to the right ear and the left ear through a connecting plate, so The upper end of the L-shaped bracket is fixedly connected to a positioning shaft sleeve coaxial with the azimuth component, and the universal ball provided at the lower end of the positioning shaft sleeve runs in the roll groove.
作为进一步的技术方案,所述定位轴套筒包括与所述L型支架固定连接的且与所述方位组件同轴的上筒体和与上筒体滑动套接的下柱体,所述下柱体上端通过弹簧与所述上筒体顶壁连接。As a further technical solution, the positioning shaft sleeve includes an upper cylinder fixedly connected to the L-shaped bracket and coaxial with the azimuth component, and a lower cylinder slidably sleeved with the upper cylinder. The upper end of the cylinder is connected to the top wall of the upper cylinder through a spring.
作为进一步的技术方案,所述陀螺模块采用三轴MEMS陀螺,用来同时检测吊舱绕方位轴、横滚轴和俯仰轴的角速度和角加速度。As a further technical solution, the gyro module uses a three-axis MEMS gyro to simultaneously detect the angular velocity and angular acceleration of the pod around the azimuth axis, roll axis and pitch axis.
作为进一步的技术方案,所述光学舱包括装载光学玻璃的前盖、中间舱和装载有平衡块的后盖。As a further technical solution, the optical cabin includes a front cover loaded with optical glass, a middle cabin and a back cover loaded with a balance weight.
作为进一步的技术方案,所述方位电机、横滚电机和俯仰电机均采用直流无刷电机,且均集成有编码器和伺服驱动板。As a further technical solution, the azimuth motor, roll motor and pitch motor all use DC brushless motors, and are integrated with encoders and servo drive boards.
本发明还包括一种三轴光电吊舱的控制方法,包括如下步骤:The invention also includes a control method for a three-axis photoelectric pod, which includes the following steps:
S1:通过方位和俯仰的漂移来调整吊舱的三轴MEMS陀螺的零位偏差;S1: Adjust the zero position deviation of the pod's three-axis MEMS gyroscope through the drift of azimuth and pitch;
S2:吊舱上机飞行后,通过三轴MEMS陀螺,实时检测吊舱绕方位轴、横滚轴和俯仰轴的角速度和角加速度;S2: After the pod flies on the aircraft, the angular velocity and angular acceleration of the pod around the azimuth axis, roll axis and pitch axis are detected in real time through the three-axis MEMS gyroscope;
S3:根据地面控制端的控制指令,将控制指令发送至主控板,主控板根据控制指令发出姿态调整指令,姿态调整指令发送至伺服驱动板;S3: According to the control instructions from the ground control terminal, the control instructions are sent to the main control board. The main control board issues attitude adjustment instructions according to the control instructions, and the attitude adjustment instructions are sent to the servo drive board;
S4:伺服驱动板根据主控板的姿态调整指令,根据编码器的角度数据向伺服电机发出驱动指令;S4: The servo drive board sends drive instructions to the servo motor based on the attitude adjustment instructions of the main control board and the angle data of the encoder;
S5:将调整结果反馈至地面控制端。S5: Feedback the adjustment results to the ground control terminal.
作为进一步的技术方案,所述步骤S3中,主控板根据控制指令发出姿态调整指令,包括将S2步骤中实时检测的方位轴、横滚轴和俯仰轴的角速度和角加速度进行姿态解算,得到吊舱方向姿态角、横滚姿态角和俯仰姿态角数据,根据三个轴的位置信息、角速度和角加速度发出姿态调整指令。As a further technical solution, in step S3, the main control board issues an attitude adjustment instruction according to the control instruction, including calculating the attitude of the angular velocity and angular acceleration of the azimuth axis, roll axis and pitch axis detected in real time in step S2, Obtain the pod's direction attitude angle, roll attitude angle and pitch attitude angle data, and issue attitude adjustment instructions based on the position information, angular velocity and angular acceleration of the three axes.
作为进一步的技术方案,所述步骤S3中地面控制端的控制指令,包括对目标的跟踪指令和对图像的拍摄指令。As a further technical solution, the control instructions of the ground control terminal in step S3 include tracking instructions for the target and shooting instructions for images.
作为进一步的技术方案,当地面控制端的控制指令为对图像的拍摄指令时,主控板对激光测距机发出指令,获取目标距离,并对跟踪板发出指令,由可见光摄像机或红外热像仪对目标进行拍摄,拍摄过程中对横滚轴采用弱控制。As a further technical solution, when the control instruction from the ground control terminal is an image shooting instruction, the main control board issues an instruction to the laser rangefinder to obtain the target distance, and issues an instruction to the tracking board, which is controlled by a visible light camera or infrared thermal imager. Shoot the target and use weak control of the roll axis during shooting.
本发明的有益效果,本发明三轴光电吊舱的方位组件、横滚组件和俯仰组件将伺服驱动板和编码器均集成于无刷电机内,电机自带轴承,因此俯仰电机、横滚电机与方位电机均不再添加额外轴承,大大减轻了吊舱重量,进一步减小风阻、提高产品稳像性能。方位轴、横滚轴和俯仰轴相互垂直且三个轴线相交于一点,同时稳定半环、横滚槽以及定位轴套筒可以进一步保证三轴光电吊舱在转动过程中的稳定性,提高跟踪效果和拍摄效果。可见光摄像机、红外热像仪和激光测距机在光学舱内合理安装,并配合平衡块保证光学舱的稳定性,在主控板和跟踪板的控制下,通过三轴MEMS陀螺和稳定的伺服系统来实现隔离无人机载体的扰动并保持视轴的稳定,横滚组件可增强吊舱拍摄时的稳定性,使吊舱拍摄时保持画面稳定不随飞机晃动,防止飞行拍摄时由于振动、偏航、俯仰及横滚等因素导致的拍摄失败,提高图像和视频的拍摄效果。The beneficial effects of the present invention are that the azimuth component, roll component and pitch component of the three-axis photoelectric pod of the present invention integrate the servo drive board and encoder into the brushless motor. The motor has its own bearing, so the pitch motor, roll motor No additional bearings are added to the azimuth motor, which greatly reduces the weight of the pod, further reduces wind resistance and improves the image stabilization performance of the product. The azimuth axis, roll axis and pitch axis are perpendicular to each other and the three axes intersect at one point. At the same time, the stabilizing half ring, roll groove and positioning axis sleeve can further ensure the stability of the three-axis photoelectric pod during rotation and improve tracking. effects and shooting effects. Visible light cameras, infrared thermal imaging cameras and laser rangefinders are reasonably installed in the optical cabin, and are matched with balance blocks to ensure the stability of the optical cabin. Under the control of the main control board and tracking board, through the three-axis MEMS gyroscope and stable servo The system is used to isolate the disturbance of the UAV carrier and maintain the stability of the visual axis. The roll component can enhance the stability of the pod when shooting, so that the picture of the pod is stable and does not shake with the aircraft, and prevents vibration and deflection during flight shooting. Improve the shooting effect of images and videos by eliminating shooting failures caused by factors such as navigation, pitch, and roll.
附图说明Description of the drawings
图1是本发明三轴光电吊舱的三轴系示意图;Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the three-axis system of the three-axis photoelectric pod of the present invention;
图2是本发明三轴光电吊舱的立体结构示意图;Figure 2 is a schematic three-dimensional structural diagram of the three-axis photoelectric pod of the present invention;
图3是本发明三轴光电吊舱的另一视角结构示意图;Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the three-axis photoelectric pod of the present invention from another perspective;
图4是本发明三轴光电吊舱的光学舱示意图;Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the optical cabin of the three-axis photoelectric pod of the present invention;
图5是本发明三轴光电吊舱的部分结构分解示意图;Figure 5 is an exploded schematic diagram of a partial structure of the three-axis photoelectric pod of the present invention;
图6是本发明三轴光电吊舱的陀螺位置示意图;Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the position of the gyroscope of the three-axis photoelectric pod of the present invention;
图7是本发明三轴光电吊舱的横滚组件示意图;Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the rolling assembly of the three-axis photoelectric pod of the present invention;
图8是本发明三轴光电吊舱的稳定半环示意图;Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the stable half ring of the three-axis photoelectric pod of the present invention;
图9是本发明三轴光电吊舱的定位轴套筒示意图;Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the positioning shaft sleeve of the three-axis photoelectric pod of the present invention;
图中:1-方位组件;101-基座连接板;102-SMA双通接口;103-高清接口;104-导电滑环;105-方位电机;2-横滚组件;201-L型支架;202-加强筋;203-线缆通道;204-横滚电机;205-U型架;3-俯仰组件;301-右侧耳;302-左侧耳;303-俯仰电机;304-俯仰转轴;4-光学舱;401-前盖;402-中间舱;403-后盖;404-光学架;5-红外热像仪;6-可见光摄像机;7-激光测距机;8-陀螺模块;9-跟踪板;10-主控板;11-连接板;12-稳定半环;13-横滚槽;14-定位轴套筒;1401-上筒体;1402-下筒体;15-弹簧;16-万向滚珠。In the picture: 1-azimuth component; 101-base connecting plate; 102-SMA two-way interface; 103-HD interface; 104-conductive slip ring; 105-azimuth motor; 2-roll component; 201-L-shaped bracket; 202-Reinforcing ribs; 203-Cable channel; 204-Roll motor; 205-U-shaped frame; 3-Pitch component; 301-Right ear; 302-Left ear; 303-Pitch motor; 304-Pitch axis; 4-Optical cabin; 401-front cover; 402-middle cabin; 403-rear cover; 404-optical frame; 5-infrared thermal imaging camera; 6-visible light camera; 7-laser range finder; 8-gyro module; 9 -Tracking board; 10-main control board; 11-connecting plate; 12-stabilizing half ring; 13-roll groove; 14-positioning shaft sleeve; 1401-upper cylinder; 1402-lower cylinder; 15-spring; 16-Universal ball bearing.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为了使本发明的目的、使用方式、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白,以下结合附图及实施例,对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。In order to make the purpose, usage, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clear, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described here are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.
在本发明的描述中,需要理解的是,术语“上”、“下”基于附图所示的方位或位置关系,仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述,需要说明的是,下文描述中的技术特征在不冲突的情况下,本发明中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper" and "lower" are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only used to facilitate the description of the present invention and simplify the description. It should be noted that in the following description, The embodiments and features in the embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other as long as the technical features do not conflict with each other.
如图1所示,本发明的三轴光电吊舱的整体结构形式为三轴三框架稳像平台,安装于无人机下部,三轴指方位轴、横滚轴、俯仰轴,三框指外框架、中框架、内框架。三个框架轴互相垂直且三个框架轴相交于一点,内框架转动连接于中框架上,中框轴转动连接于外框架上,构成了内、中、外三个回转自由度三个轴系的万向框架组合体,其具体技术方案如下。As shown in Figure 1, the overall structural form of the three-axis photoelectric pod of the present invention is a three-axis three-frame image stabilization platform, which is installed at the lower part of the UAV. The three-axis refers to the azimuth axis, the roll axis, and the pitch axis. The three-frame refers to Outer frame, middle frame, inner frame. The three frame axes are perpendicular to each other and intersect at one point. The inner frame is rotationally connected to the middle frame, and the middle frame shaft is rotationally connected to the outer frame, forming three axis systems with three degrees of rotational freedom: inner, middle, and outer. The specific technical solution of the universal frame assembly is as follows.
如图2和图3所示,本发明一种三轴光电吊舱,包括与无人机基座连接的方位组件1和与所述方位组件1转动连接的横滚组件2,所述横滚组件2转动连接有俯仰组件3,所述俯仰组件3转动连接有光学舱4。其中方位组件1转动的轴线为方位轴,横滚组件2转动的轴线为横滚轴,俯仰组件3转动的轴线为俯仰轴。方位轴、横滚轴和俯仰轴三个轴两两相互垂直,且三个轴相交于一点,可显著提高三轴光电吊舱在转动过程中的稳定性。As shown in Figures 2 and 3, a three-axis photoelectric pod of the present invention includes an azimuth component 1 connected to a UAV base and a rolling component 2 rotatably connected to the azimuth component 1. The rolling component The component 2 is rotatably connected to the pitch component 3, and the pitch component 3 is rotatably connected to the optical cabin 4. The axis of rotation of the azimuth component 1 is the azimuth axis, the axis of rotation of the roll component 2 is the roll axis, and the axis of rotation of the pitch component 3 is the pitch axis. The three axes of azimuth, roll and pitch are perpendicular to each other and intersect at one point, which can significantly improve the stability of the three-axis photoelectric pod during rotation.
上面所述的方位轴、横滚轴和俯仰轴的回转范围如下,其中方位轴转动范围为﹣170°~﹢170°(以航向方向为0°,垂直安装面方向,顺时针角度为正,逆时针为负),俯仰轴转动范围为﹣20°~﹢110°,(以垂直下视为0°,机头方向为正),横滚轴转动范围为﹣30°~﹢30°(以水平方向为0°,右转为正,左转为负),横滚轴的转动可以增强吊舱的稳定性,保持画面稳定不随飞机晃动,当然上述三轴的回转范围并不限于上述描述,也可以根据实际需要调整其回转范围。The rotation ranges of the azimuth axis, roll axis and pitch axis mentioned above are as follows. The rotation range of the azimuth axis is -170°~+170° (taking the heading direction as 0°, the direction perpendicular to the mounting surface, and the clockwise angle as positive, Counterclockwise is negative), the pitch axis rotation range is -20°~+110°, (vertical view is considered as 0°, the nose direction is positive), the roll axis rotation range is -30°~+30° (with The horizontal direction is 0°, turning right is positive, turning left is negative). The rotation of the roll axis can enhance the stability of the pod and keep the picture stable without shaking with the aircraft. Of course, the rotation range of the above three axes is not limited to the above description. Its rotation range can also be adjusted according to actual needs.
如图2、图5和图7所示,所述方位组件1包括与无人机基座连接的基座连接板101和固定在基座连接板101内壁的连接有导电滑环104的方位电机105,基座连接板101一侧设有SMA双通接口102和高清接口103,用于接收来自无人机飞控的飞参数据和接收来自数据链的载荷控制指令和下传带有同步编号的载荷遥测信息。所述横滚组件2包括一端与所述方位电机105连接的L型支架201和与所述L型支架201另一端固定连接的横滚电机204,L型支架201两端具有可容纳方位电机105和横滚电机204的容纳腔室,使方位电机105和横滚电机204的轴线相互垂直,所述横滚电机204连接有U型架205,U型架205连接至所述俯仰组件3。所述俯仰组件3包括与所述U型架205两端固定连接的右侧耳301和左侧耳302,所述右侧耳301和左侧耳302内侧分别设有与所述光学舱4连接的俯仰转轴304和俯仰电机303,由俯仰电机303控制光学舱4的转动。As shown in Figures 2, 5 and 7, the azimuth component 1 includes a base connection plate 101 connected to the base of the drone and an azimuth motor fixed on the inner wall of the base connection plate 101 and connected to a conductive slip ring 104. 105. One side of the base connection board 101 is provided with an SMA dual-pass interface 102 and a high-definition interface 103, which are used to receive flight parameter data from the UAV flight control and receive load control instructions from the data link and download them with synchronization numbers. payload telemetry information. The roll assembly 2 includes an L-shaped bracket 201 with one end connected to the azimuth motor 105 and a roll motor 204 fixedly connected with the other end of the L-shaped bracket 201. The L-shaped bracket 201 has two ends that can accommodate the azimuth motor 105. and the accommodation cavity of the roll motor 204 so that the axes of the azimuth motor 105 and the roll motor 204 are perpendicular to each other. The roll motor 204 is connected to a U-shaped frame 205 , and the U-shaped frame 205 is connected to the pitch assembly 3 . The pitching assembly 3 includes a right ear 301 and a left ear 302 fixedly connected to both ends of the U-shaped frame 205. The right ear 301 and the left ear 302 are respectively provided with inner sides connected to the optical cabin 4. The tilting shaft 304 and the tilting motor 303 control the rotation of the optical cabin 4.
所述L型支架201下部阵列设有若干加强筋202,且所述L型支架201设置的线缆通道203位于所述加强筋202内侧,提高飞行中L型支架201的稳定性,其中L型支架201可以是如图所示的结构,也可以是L型的圆柱状结构,可降低飞行和转动过程中的风阻,提高吊舱拍摄时的稳定性。The lower array of the L-shaped bracket 201 is provided with a number of reinforcing ribs 202, and the cable channel 203 provided in the L-shaped bracket 201 is located inside the reinforcing ribs 202, which improves the stability of the L-shaped bracket 201 in flight. The bracket 201 can be a structure as shown in the figure, or can be an L-shaped cylindrical structure, which can reduce wind resistance during flight and rotation and improve the stability of the pod when shooting.
在优选的一个实施例中,所述方位电机105、横滚电机204和俯仰电机303均采用直流无刷电机,且均集成有编码器和伺服驱动板。由于俯仰方向的轴承主要承受的是径向力,而且该结构对振动要求较高,因此采用深沟球轴承与右侧耳301连接的方案,减小因为振动导致的轴承失效的风险,其安装在俯仰转轴304的一侧。由于所选电机自带轴承,因此方位电机105、横滚电机204与俯仰电机303均不再添加额外轴承。上述结构大大减轻了吊舱重量,进一步减小风阻、提高产品稳像性能,方位轴、横滚轴和俯仰轴相互垂直且三个轴线相交于一点,保证三轴光电吊舱在转动过程中的稳定性,提高跟踪效果和拍摄效果。In a preferred embodiment, the azimuth motor 105, roll motor 204 and pitch motor 303 all use DC brushless motors, and are integrated with encoders and servo drive boards. Since the bearing in the pitch direction mainly bears radial force, and the structure has high vibration requirements, a deep groove ball bearing is used to connect the right ear 301 to reduce the risk of bearing failure due to vibration. Its installation On one side of the pitch axis 304. Since the selected motors have their own bearings, no additional bearings are needed for the azimuth motor 105, the roll motor 204, and the pitch motor 303. The above structure greatly reduces the weight of the pod, further reduces wind resistance and improves the image stabilization performance of the product. The azimuth axis, roll axis and pitch axis are perpendicular to each other and the three axes intersect at one point, ensuring the stability of the three-axis photoelectric pod during rotation. Stability, improve tracking and shooting effects.
如图4和图6所示,在优选的一个实施例中,光学舱4与右侧耳301和左侧耳302构成一个类似球形的结构,减少飞行中的风阻。所述光学舱4包括前盖401、中间舱402和后盖403,其中前盖401设有各种光学玻璃,后盖403设置有平衡块,用于保证整个光学舱的稳定。中间舱402设有红外热像仪5、可见光摄像机6、激光测距机7、陀螺模块8、跟踪板9和主控板10。陀螺模块8采用三轴MEMS陀螺,用来同时检测吊舱绕方位轴、横滚轴和俯仰轴的角速度、角加速度数据,实现视轴在三个方向保持稳定。跟踪板9连接于所述红外热像仪5、可见光摄像机6和激光测距机7,用于接收跟踪指令对目标进行跟踪或拍摄。主控板10用于实现接收外部控制命令传输和吊舱整体流程控制功能,对吊舱的工作进行控制。上述红外热像仪5、可见光摄像机6、激光测距机7、陀螺模块8、跟踪板9和主控板10均采用现有结构,对此不再详细描述。As shown in Figures 4 and 6, in a preferred embodiment, the optical cabin 4, the right ear 301 and the left ear 302 form a spherical-like structure to reduce wind resistance during flight. The optical cabin 4 includes a front cover 401, a middle cabin 402 and a back cover 403. The front cover 401 is provided with various optical glasses, and the back cover 403 is provided with a balance block to ensure the stability of the entire optical cabin. The middle cabin 402 is equipped with an infrared thermal imager 5, a visible light camera 6, a laser range finder 7, a gyro module 8, a tracking board 9 and a main control board 10. Gyro module 8 uses a three-axis MEMS gyroscope to simultaneously detect the angular velocity and angular acceleration data of the pod around the azimuth axis, roll axis and pitch axis, so that the visual axis remains stable in three directions. The tracking board 9 is connected to the infrared thermal imaging camera 5, the visible light camera 6 and the laser range finder 7, and is used to receive tracking instructions to track or photograph the target. The main control board 10 is used to realize the functions of receiving external control command transmission and controlling the overall process of the pod, and controlling the work of the pod. The above-mentioned infrared thermal imaging camera 5, visible light camera 6, laser range finder 7, gyro module 8, tracking board 9 and main control board 10 all adopt existing structures and will not be described in detail.
如图8和图9所示,在优选的一个实施例中,所述方位组件1和横滚组件2之间连接有稳定部件,所述稳定部件包括连接板11,连接板11为两个,分别与右侧耳301和左侧耳302连接,两个连接板11上部连接有稳定半环12,稳定半环12上部设有横滚槽13,横滚槽13的长度以满足横滚组件2的横滚角度为准。优选的是,所述横滚槽13顶部中心位置处于所述方位组件1的轴线上,所述L型支架201上端固定连接有与所述方位组件1同轴的定位轴套筒14,所述定位轴套筒14包括与所述L型支架201固定连接的上筒体1401,上筒体1401的轴线与所述方位组件1同轴,上筒体1401内壁滑动套接有下柱体1402,所述下柱体1402上端通过弹簧15与所述上筒体1401顶壁连接。所述定位轴套筒14下端设置的万向滚珠16行走在所述横滚槽13内。由此,方位组件1在转动时,由于同轴设置的定位轴套筒14与方位组件1同轴,且其下端与横滚槽13内,可以时方位组件1的转动更为稳定;同时,横滚组件2横滚时,横滚槽13与定位轴套筒14下端的万向滚珠16相匹配,横滚动作被横滚组件2和横滚槽13同时限定,横滚动作更加稳定,进而保证三轴光电吊舱在转动过程中的稳定性。As shown in Figures 8 and 9, in a preferred embodiment, a stabilizing component is connected between the azimuth component 1 and the rolling component 2. The stabilizing component includes two connecting plates 11. They are respectively connected to the right ear 301 and the left ear 302. The upper parts of the two connecting plates 11 are connected to a stabilizing half ring 12. The upper part of the stable half ring 12 is provided with a rolling groove 13. The length of the rolling groove 13 meets the requirements of the rolling assembly 2. The roll angle shall prevail. Preferably, the center position of the top of the roll groove 13 is on the axis of the azimuth component 1, and the upper end of the L-shaped bracket 201 is fixedly connected with a positioning shaft sleeve 14 coaxial with the azimuth component 1. The positioning shaft sleeve 14 includes an upper cylinder 1401 fixedly connected to the L-shaped bracket 201. The axis of the upper cylinder 1401 is coaxial with the azimuth component 1. The inner wall of the upper cylinder 1401 is slidably sleeved with a lower cylinder 1402. The upper end of the lower cylinder 1402 is connected to the top wall of the upper cylinder 1401 through a spring 15 . The universal ball 16 provided at the lower end of the positioning shaft sleeve 14 travels in the rolling groove 13 . Therefore, when the azimuth component 1 rotates, since the coaxial positioning shaft sleeve 14 is coaxial with the azimuth component 1 and its lower end is in the roll groove 13, the rotation of the azimuth component 1 can be more stable; at the same time, When the rolling assembly 2 rolls, the rolling groove 13 matches the universal ball 16 at the lower end of the positioning shaft sleeve 14. The rolling action is simultaneously limited by the rolling assembly 2 and the rolling groove 13, making the rolling action more stable and thus Ensure the stability of the three-axis photoelectric pod during rotation.
本发明一种三轴光电吊舱的控制方法,包括如下步骤:A control method for a three-axis photoelectric pod of the present invention includes the following steps:
S1:通过方位和俯仰的漂移来调整吊舱的三轴MEMS陀螺的零位偏差。对方位和俯仰角度的漂移调整,可以使用地面控制端,例如操纵杆或智能终端来调整,该调整需在上机飞行前进行。S1: Adjust the zero position deviation of the pod's three-axis MEMS gyroscope through the drift of azimuth and pitch. The drift adjustment of the azimuth and pitch angle can be adjusted using the ground control terminal, such as a joystick or a smart terminal. This adjustment needs to be made before boarding the aircraft for flight.
S2:吊舱上机飞行后,通过三轴MEMS陀螺,实时检测吊舱绕方位轴、横滚轴和俯仰轴的角速度和角加速度。S2: After the pod flies on the aircraft, the angular velocity and angular acceleration of the pod around the azimuth axis, roll axis and pitch axis are detected in real time through the three-axis MEMS gyroscope.
S3:根据地面控制端的控制指令,将控制指令发送至主控板,主控板根据控制指令发出姿态调整指令,姿态调整指令发送至伺服驱动板;S3: According to the control instructions from the ground control terminal, the control instructions are sent to the main control board. The main control board issues attitude adjustment instructions according to the control instructions, and the attitude adjustment instructions are sent to the servo drive board;
S4:伺服驱动板根据主控板的姿态调整指令,根据编码器的角度数据向伺服电机发出驱动指令;S4: The servo drive board sends drive instructions to the servo motor based on the attitude adjustment instructions of the main control board and the angle data of the encoder;
S5:将调整结果反馈至地面控制端。S5: Feedback the adjustment results to the ground control terminal.
所述步骤S3中,主控板根据控制指令发出姿态调整指令,包括将S2步骤中实时检测的方位轴、横滚轴和俯仰轴的角速度和角加速度进行姿态解算,得到吊舱方向姿态角、横滚姿态角和俯仰姿态角数据,根据三个轴的位置信息、角速度和角加速度发出姿态调整指令。In step S3, the main control board issues an attitude adjustment instruction according to the control instruction, including calculating the attitude of the angular velocity and angular acceleration of the azimuth axis, roll axis, and pitch axis detected in real time in step S2 to obtain the pod's direction attitude angle. , roll attitude angle and pitch attitude angle data, and issue attitude adjustment instructions based on the position information, angular velocity and angular acceleration of the three axes.
所述步骤S3中地面控制端的控制指令,包括对目标的跟踪指令和对图像的拍摄指令。当地面控制端的控制指令为对图像的拍摄指令时,主控板对激光测距机发出指令,获取目标距离,并对跟踪板发出指令,拍摄过程中对横滚轴采用弱控制,增强飞行过程中吊舱的稳定性,由可见光摄像机或红外热像仪对目标进行拍摄。The control instructions of the ground control terminal in step S3 include tracking instructions for the target and shooting instructions for images. When the control instruction from the ground control terminal is an image shooting instruction, the main control board issues an instruction to the laser rangefinder to obtain the target distance, and issues an instruction to the tracking board. During the shooting process, the roll axis is weakly controlled to enhance the flight process. In the stability of the pod, the target is photographed by a visible light camera or an infrared thermal imaging camera.
上面结合附图对本发明优选的具体实施方式和实施例作了详细说明,但是本发明并不限于上述实施方式和实施例,在本领域技术人员所具备的知识范围内,还可以在不脱离本发明构思的前提下做出各种变化或等效替换,因此,本发明并不受于此处所公开的具体实施例和实施方式的限制,所有落入本申请的权利要求范围内的实施例都属于本发明所保护的范围内。The preferred specific implementation modes and examples of the present invention have been described in detail above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned implementation modes and examples. Within the scope of knowledge possessed by those skilled in the art, other modifications may be made without departing from the present invention. Various changes or equivalent substitutions may be made without considering the inventive concept. Therefore, the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments and implementation modes disclosed here. All embodiments falling within the scope of the claims of this application are It falls within the scope of protection of the present invention.
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