CN117343280A - 水性聚氨酯和靛蓝类水性聚氨酯上浆剂及制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
水性聚氨酯和靛蓝类水性聚氨酯上浆剂及制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN117343280A CN117343280A CN202210735885.4A CN202210735885A CN117343280A CN 117343280 A CN117343280 A CN 117343280A CN 202210735885 A CN202210735885 A CN 202210735885A CN 117343280 A CN117343280 A CN 117343280A
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- Prior art keywords
- groups
- aqueous polyurethane
- diisocyanate
- indigo
- agent
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 99
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 97
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 69
- COHYTHOBJLSHDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N indigo powder Natural products N1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C1=C1C(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2N1 COHYTHOBJLSHDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 235000000177 Indigofera tinctoria Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 229940097275 indigo Drugs 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- COHYTHOBJLSHDF-BUHFOSPRSA-N indigo dye Chemical compound N\1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C/1=C1/C(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2N1 COHYTHOBJLSHDF-BUHFOSPRSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 44
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 31
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 125000005442 diisocyanate group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004970 Chain extender Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene 2,4-diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1N=C=O DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 9
- BCKXLBQYZLBQEK-KVVVOXFISA-M Sodium oleate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC([O-])=O BCKXLBQYZLBQEK-KVVVOXFISA-M 0.000 claims description 9
- ZFMQKOWCDKKBIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(3,5-difluorophenyl)phosphane Chemical compound FC1=CC(F)=CC(PC=2C=C(F)C=C(F)C=2)=C1 ZFMQKOWCDKKBIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- PTBDIHRZYDMNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-Bis(hydroxymethyl)propionic acid Chemical compound OCC(C)(CO)C(O)=O PTBDIHRZYDMNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- DWAQJAXMDSEUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bisulfite Chemical compound [Na+].OS([O-])=O DWAQJAXMDSEUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000010267 sodium hydrogen sulphite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004289 sodium hydrogen sulphite Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- LRBZENFZSJNJCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-bromo-2-(5-bromo-3-hydroxy-1H-indol-2-yl)indol-3-one Chemical compound [O-]c1c([nH]c2ccc(Br)cc12)C1=[NH+]c2ccc(Br)cc2C1=O LRBZENFZSJNJCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001804 emulsifying effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- JVYDLYGCSIHCMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)butanoic acid Chemical compound CCC(CO)(CO)C(O)=O JVYDLYGCSIHCMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- WQMAANNAZKNUDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-dimethylaminoethyl chloride Chemical compound CN(C)CCCl WQMAANNAZKNUDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006011 modification reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- WHIVNJATOVLWBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butan-2-ylidenehydroxylamine Chemical compound CCC(C)=NO WHIVNJATOVLWBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ALQLPWJFHRMHIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-diisocyanatobenzene Chemical compound O=C=NC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1 ALQLPWJFHRMHIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- YMDNODNLFSHHCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloro-n,n-diethylethanamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CCCl YMDNODNLFSHHCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- GYXWNSDLDXGMGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloro-n,n-dimethylpropan-1-amine Chemical compound CC(Cl)CN(C)C GYXWNSDLDXGMGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- NYYRRBOMNHUCLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-chloro-n,n-dimethylpropan-1-amine Chemical compound CN(C)CCCCl NYYRRBOMNHUCLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- UPMLOUAZCHDJJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-Diphenylmethane Diisocyanate Chemical compound C1=CC(N=C=O)=CC=C1CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1 UPMLOUAZCHDJJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- VPWNQTHUCYMVMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-sulfonyldiphenol Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 VPWNQTHUCYMVMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- WUKNPIYSKBLCQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC(C=C1)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(C)C=C1.N=C=O.N=C=O Chemical compound CC(C=C1)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(C)C=C1.N=C=O.N=C=O WUKNPIYSKBLCQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- MQIUGAXCHLFZKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Di-n-octyl phthalate Natural products CCCCCCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCCCCCC MQIUGAXCHLFZKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005057 Hexamethylene diisocyanate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005058 Isophorone diisocyanate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- KXBFLNPZHXDQLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N [cyclohexyl(diisocyanato)methyl]cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1C(N=C=O)(N=C=O)C1CCCCC1 KXBFLNPZHXDQLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- BJQHLKABXJIVAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC BJQHLKABXJIVAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- HBGGXOJOCNVPFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N diisononyl phthalate Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCCCCC(C)C HBGGXOJOCNVPFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- MIMDHDXOBDPUQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioctyl decanedioate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCOC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(=O)OCCCCCCCC MIMDHDXOBDPUQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RRAMGCGOFNQTLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylene diisocyanate Chemical compound O=C=NCCCCCCN=C=O RRAMGCGOFNQTLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- KHLVKKOJDHCJMG-QDBORUFSSA-L indigo carmine Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].N/1C2=CC=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C=C2C(=O)C\1=C1/NC2=CC=C(S(=O)(=O)[O-])C=C2C1=O KHLVKKOJDHCJMG-QDBORUFSSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960003988 indigo carmine Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000012738 indigotine Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004179 indigotine Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- NIMLQBUJDJZYEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophorone diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1(C)CC(N=C=O)CC(C)(CN=C=O)C1 NIMLQBUJDJZYEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000909 polytetrahydrofuran Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940096992 potassium oleate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- MLICVSDCCDDWMD-KVVVOXFISA-M potassium;(z)-octadec-9-enoate Chemical compound [K+].CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC([O-])=O MLICVSDCCDDWMD-KVVVOXFISA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004841 bisphenol A epoxy resin Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004842 bisphenol F epoxy resin Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229920005749 polyurethane resin Polymers 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229920005992 thermoplastic resin Polymers 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 abstract description 2
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 26
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 15
- IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol A Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000007380 fibre production Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000009730 filament winding Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 7
- GVWMHLCBIUIASU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloro-n,n-dimethylethanamine Chemical compound CC(Cl)N(C)C GVWMHLCBIUIASU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 6
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 5
- 238000004043 dyeing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002981 blocking agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- PXKLMJQFEQBVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol F Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 PXKLMJQFEQBVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004945 emulsification Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002972 Acrylic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 1
- PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCN PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000297 Rayon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000000349 chromosome Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007123 defense Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen chloride Substances Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000041 hydrogen chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011118 potassium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
- JVBXVOWTABLYPX-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium dithionite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)S([O-])=O JVBXVOWTABLYPX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 125000000542 sulfonic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000984 vat dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/83—Chemically modified polymers
- C08G18/833—Chemically modified polymers by nitrogen containing compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/08—Processes
- C08G18/10—Prepolymer processes involving reaction of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen in a first reaction step
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/48—Polyethers
- C08G18/4833—Polyethers containing oxyethylene units
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/65—Low-molecular-weight compounds having active hydrogen with high-molecular-weight compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/66—Compounds of groups C08G18/42, C08G18/48, or C08G18/52
- C08G18/6666—Compounds of group C08G18/48 or C08G18/52
- C08G18/6692—Compounds of group C08G18/48 or C08G18/52 with compounds of group C08G18/34
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/04—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material
- C08J5/06—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material using pretreated fibrous materials
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M13/10—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing oxygen
- D06M13/184—Carboxylic acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof
- D06M13/203—Unsaturated carboxylic acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M13/10—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing oxygen
- D06M13/224—Esters of carboxylic acids; Esters of carbonic acid
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M13/322—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing nitrogen
- D06M13/35—Heterocyclic compounds
- D06M13/352—Heterocyclic compounds having five-membered heterocyclic rings
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
- D06M15/37—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D06M15/55—Epoxy resins
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
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Abstract
本发明提供了水性聚氨酯和靛蓝类水性聚氨酯上浆剂以及制备方法和应用。所述水性聚氨酯具有以下结构:
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及纤维制造领域,具体地说,是涉及一种水性聚氨酯及其制备方法和靛蓝类水性聚氨酯上浆剂,以及靛蓝类水性聚氨酯上浆剂的制备方法和应用。
背景技术
碳纤维是一种碳含量在90%以上的高强度高模量纤维,其原料来自腈纶和粘胶纤维,具有耐高温、抗摩擦、导电、导热和耐腐蚀等特性。碳纤维增强复合材料(CFRP)是采用碳纤维或纤维织物为增强体,以树脂、陶瓷、金属或橡胶等材料作为基体制成的复合材料。碳纤维可与聚氨酯结合制备碳纤维/聚氨酯复合材料,由于碳纤维可显著提升复合材料的力学性能和耐热性能。聚氨酯是聚氨基甲酸酯的简称,具有高机械强度、高耐磨和化学惰性等性能,在国防工业及民用等领域得到了广泛的应用。
水性聚氨酯是近年来的研究热点,将亲水扩链剂通过化学手段引入到水性聚氨酯主链上,可将含有羧基、磺酸基或氨基等官能团侧挂到聚氨酯分子链上,从而使聚氨酯链段上带有能被离子化的功能性基团。专利CN102786651A公开了一种水性聚氨酯连结料、水性聚氨酯复合连结料及制备方法,专利中将二异氰酸酯、聚丙二醇、乙二胺、亲水扩链剂反应,并使用中和剂制得了水性聚氨酯,该水性聚氨酯连结料具有固含量高、黏度低、pH稳定的特点,并且具有优良静置稳定性、离心稳定性和热稳定性等优点,制备方法简单操作方便。
目前水性聚氨酯常用的水性化方法为中和剂处理法,该方法使羧基成盐从而让水性聚氨酯具有良好的溶解性,制得水性聚氨酯可与环氧树脂结合制备上浆剂,并可起到碳纤维与聚氨酯的界面层的作用。然而其对一些非极性分子该类上浆剂无法将其充分乳化,因此对水性聚氨酯进行改性提升其表面活性作用就十分有必要了。
靛蓝为水溶性非偶氮类着色剂,靛蓝类染料是人类所知最古老的色素之一,被广泛地用于食品、医药和染印工业。靛蓝染料是一种还原染料,水溶性较差,在工厂染色应用中需要通过还原剂和其他助剂对靛蓝进行处理,在靛蓝转变为隐色体后才能进行染色。专利CN105463730A公开了一种靛蓝牛仔布的染色方法,专利中将靛蓝、保险粉和烧碱配成染液,通过染料还原、染色体上染、隐色体氧化和染色后处理等过程完成染色。这一系列处理过程复杂,并且对纤维的种类有一定要求,无法应用于碳纤维等表面活性基团较少的纤维,因此设计一种可用于碳纤维上色的上浆剂是一项十分有意义的工作。
发明内容
为了解决以上现有技术中存在的问题,本发明首先提供了一种水性聚氨酯,然后将水性聚氨酯、环氧树脂与靛蓝类染料混合制备了一种靛蓝类水性聚氨酯上浆剂,该上浆剂中水性聚氨酯的主剂构型可调,与靛蓝类染料有较好的亲和性能,并与聚氨酯和环氧树脂的具有较好的复合性能,在制备复合材料领域具有良好的应用前景。
本发明目的之一为提供一种水性聚氨酯,具有式(I)所示结构:
其中m为1~10;n为1~10;o为1~10;
其中R1为
R2为
R3为
R4为
R5为-SO3 -Na+、
R6为
R7为NH(C2H5)3、NH4、Na、K。
以上所述技术方案中,所述结构通式(I)中的R2与R1、R3、R4间隔排列,R1、R3、R4可为任意顺序,如R2-R1-R2-R3-R2-R4-R2、R2-R1-R2-R4-R2-R3-R2等;R5封端R2。
本发明目的之二为提供所述水性聚氨酯的制备方法,包括首先将聚醚与二异氰酸酯进行预聚反应,接着加入扩链剂进行扩链反应,采用封端剂进行封端,加入乙醇进一步封端,然后加入改性剂进行改性反应,最后加入中和剂进行成盐反应,得到所述水性聚氨酯。
所述二异氰酸酯优选为甲苯二异氰酸酯、对苯二异氰酸酯、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、二甲基联苯二异氰酸酯、二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯中的至少一种。
所述聚醚优选为聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇、聚四氢呋喃中的至少一种。
所述聚醚的分子量优选为200~6000。
所述扩链剂优选为二羟甲基丁酸、二羟甲基丙酸中的至少一种。
所述封端剂优选为亚硫酸氢钠、甲乙酮肟中的至少一种。
所述改性剂优选为二甲氨基氯乙烷、二乙氨基氯乙烷、2-氯-1-(二甲氨基)丙烷、3-(二甲氨基)氯丙烷中的至少一种。
所述中和剂优选为三乙胺、氨水、氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾中的至少一种。
聚醚与二异氰酸酯的质量比为(0.07~20):1,例如可为0.07:1、0.1:1、0.5:1、1:1、5:1、10:1、15:1、20:1等,优选在70~90℃进行预聚反应1~3小时。
扩链剂与二异氰酸酯的质量比为(0.05~0.6):1,例如可为0.05:1、0.1:1、0.2:1、0.3:1、0.4:1、0.5:1、0.6:1等,优选在50~70℃进行扩链反应4~8小时。
封端剂与二异氰酸酯的质量比为(0.1~0.6):1,例如可为0.1:1、0.2:1、0.3:1、0.4:1、0.5:1、0.6:1等,优选在20~30℃进行封端反应0.5~2小时。
乙醇与二异氰酸酯的质量比为(0.3~3):1,例如可为0.3:1、0.5:1、1:1、1.5:1、2:1、2.5:1、3:1等,优选在20~30℃进行封端反应0.5~2小时。在反应结束后,可进行除去乙醇、溶剂如丙酮洗涤等步骤。
改性剂与二异氰酸酯的质量比为(0.05~0.7):1,例如可为0.05:1、0.1:1、0.2:1、0.3:1、0.4:1、0.5:1、0.6:1、0.7:1等,优选在20~30℃进行改性反应4~8小时。在反应结束后,可进行除去丙酮和氯化氢的步骤。
中和剂与二异氰酸酯的质量比为(0.006~0.4):1,例如可为0.006:1、0.01:1、0.05:1、0.1:1、0.2:1、0.3:1、0.4:1等,优选在20~30℃进行成盐反应0.2~2小时。此中和反应可在溶剂如丙酮中进行。
本发明目的之三为提供所述制备方法得到的水性聚氨酯。
本发明目的之四为提供一种靛蓝类水性聚氨酯上浆剂,包括主剂树脂、靛蓝类染料、辅剂和水;其中所述主剂树脂包括所述水性聚氨酯和环氧树脂,所述辅剂包括增塑剂、表面活性剂。
所述水性聚氨酯具有结构通式(I)所示结构。
所述环氧树脂优选为双酚A型环氧树脂、双酚F型环氧树脂、双酚S型环氧树脂中的至少一种。
所述靛蓝类染料优选为靛蓝、溴靛蓝、靛蓝胭脂红中的至少一种。
所述表面活性剂优选为油酸、油酸钾、油酸钠的至少一种。
所述增塑剂优选为己二酸二辛酯、邻苯二甲酸二异壬酯、邻苯二甲酸二辛酯、癸二酸二辛酯中的至少一种。
环氧树脂、靛蓝类染料、表面活性剂、增塑剂、水与水性聚氨酯的质量比为(0.02~4):(0.000002~0.06):(0.002~0.7):(0.003~0.9):(0.36~90):1,优选为(0.05~3):(0.00005~0.012):(0.01~0.4):(0.01~0.5):(0.9~36):1。
本发明目的之五为提供所述上浆剂的制备方法,将包括主剂树脂、辅剂和靛蓝类染料在内的原料混合,加水将混合原料体系稀释至固含量为10~50wt%,乳化得到所述上浆剂。
其中,乳化条件为3000~11000rpm下乳化0.2~2小时。
所述上浆剂的制备方法中,优选地,在20~30℃下,将水性聚氨酯、靛蓝类染料与环氧树酯加入反应器中,搅拌0.2~1小时,将表面活性剂、增塑剂加入反应器中,加水将混合体系稀释至固含量为10%~50%,3000~11000rpm下乳化0.2~2小时,得所述靛蓝类水性聚氨酯上浆剂。
本发明所述上浆剂与靛蓝类染料具有良好的亲和性能,能有效改善碳纤维的加工性能,本发明可以通过改变上浆剂主剂中树脂的结构及组分的配比,应用于不同类型的树脂基体。
本发明目的之六为提供所述靛蓝类水性聚氨酯上浆剂或者所述制备方法得到的上浆剂在碳纤维复合材料中的应用。
本发明所述上浆剂与靛蓝类染料具有良好的亲和性能,能赋予碳纤维一定的着色性能,并能提升碳纤维与环氧类和聚氨酯类树脂基体之间的界面性能。
将所述靛蓝类水性聚氨酯上浆剂稀释到1~3%,用于碳纤维生产线上对碳纤维进行上浆处理,110~160℃烘干,收丝。
本发明所述靛蓝类水性聚氨酯上浆剂的上浆量适中(0.6~1.5%),饱和吸水率低(<0.1%),层间剪切强度适中(70~110MPa),粒径可控(50~500nm)、稳定性好(>6个月)。
本发明的靛蓝类水性聚氨酯上浆剂,该上浆剂与靛蓝类染料具有良好的亲和性能,与热固性和热塑性树脂基体均具有良好的相容性,能同时起到提升碳纤维表面活性、增强碳纤维力学性能、加强碳纤维与树脂基体的粘结强度的作用。该上浆剂能赋予碳纤维较好的上色性能、充分的集束性和较低的上浆附着量。本发明工艺简单,重复性好,能够满足市场对靛蓝类上浆剂的需求。
本发明的特点为:
(1)主剂中的水性聚氨酯将羧基引入聚氨酯主链上,使用改性剂如二甲氨基氯乙烷对部分羧基进行改性,提升聚氨酯与非极性物质的亲和性,使用中和剂对剩余的羧基中和成盐,使聚氨酯对极性物质具有较好的亲和性,由于水性聚氨酯具有较好的两亲性,可以与靛蓝类染料和树脂形成稳定的乳液。
(2)靛蓝类染料与水性聚氨酯按比例共混使用,可降靛蓝类染料的使用量,且生产方法简便,降低生产成本。
(3)环氧树脂、表面活性剂和增塑剂都可根据上浆剂所用的进行调整,聚醚的分子量、表面活性剂的种类和增塑剂的品种可根据使用状况调节,上浆剂乳液的粒径可根据使用环境进行设计,从而提升上浆性能。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明进行具体的描述,有必要在此指出的是以下实施例只用于对本发明的进一步说明,不能理解为对本发明保护范围的限制,本领域技术人员根据本发明内容对本发明做出的一些非本质的改进和调整仍属本发明的保护范围。
另外需要说明的是,在以下具体实施方式中所描述的各个具体技术特征,在不矛盾的情况下,可以通过任何合适的方式进行组合。为了避免不必要的重复,本发明对各种可能的组合方式不再另行说明。
此外,本发明的各种不同的实施方式之间也可以进行任意组合,只要其不违背本发明的思想,由此而形成的技术方案属于本说明书原始公开内容的一部分,同时也落入本发明的保护范围。
实施例与对比例中采用的原料,如果没有特别限定,那么均是现有技术公开的,例如可直接购买获得或者根据现有技术公开的制备方法制得。
根据本发明一种优选的实施方式,所述靛蓝类水性聚氨酯上浆剂的制备方法可包括以下步骤:
步骤a)室温、氮气氛下,以加入的二异氰酸酯的量计,按聚醚与二异氰酸酯质量比为0.07:1~20:1,将聚醚加入反应器中,70~90℃反应1~3小时后,降温至50~70℃,按扩链剂与二异氰酸酯的质量比为0.05:1~0.6:1,将扩链剂加入反应器中,反应4~8小时后,降温至20~30℃,按封端剂与二异氰酸酯的质量比为0.1:1~0.6:1,将封端剂加入反应器中,反应0.5~2小时后,按乙醇与二异氰酸酯的质量比为0.3:1~3:1,将乙醇加入反应器中,反应0.5~2小时后,减压蒸馏除去乙醇,按丙酮与二异氰酸酯的质量比为2:1~20:1,将丙酮加入反应器中搅拌1~2小时后,过滤,收集滤液放入反应器中,按改性剂与二异氰酸酯的质量比为0.05:1~0.7:1,将改性剂加入反应器中,反应4~8小时,按中和剂与二异氰酸酯的质量比为0.006:1~0.4:1,将丙酮和中和剂加入反应器中,搅拌4~8小时,得水性聚氨酯溶液。
步骤b)在20~30℃下,以加入的水性聚氨酯的量计,按靛蓝类染料与水性聚氨酯的质量比为0.000002:1~0.06:1、按环氧树酯与水性聚氨酯的质量比为0.02:1~4:1,将水性聚氨酯、靛蓝类染料与环氧树酯加入反应器中,搅拌0.2~1小时,以加入的水性聚氨酯的量计,按表面活性剂与水性聚氨酯的质量比为0.002:1~0.7:1、按增塑剂与水性聚氨酯的质量比为0.003:1~0.9:1、按水与水性聚氨酯的质量比为0.36:1~90:1,将表面活性剂、增塑剂和水加入反应器中,加水将混合体系稀释至固含量为10%~50%,3000~11000rpm下乳化0.2~2小时,得靛蓝类水性聚氨酯上浆剂。
测试方法:
对上浆后的碳纤维进行上浆量和饱和吸水率的测试,层间剪切强度(ILSS)测试按JC/T773-2010进行,ILSS测试中采用的树脂为聚氨酯,原料为甲苯二异氰酸酯和聚乙二醇。
实施例1:
室温、氮气氛下,在反应器中加入6.96g甲苯二异氰酸酯和20g聚乙二醇(M.W.2000),80℃反应1小时后,降温至60℃,加入2.68g二羟甲基丙酸,反应5小时后,降温至25℃,加入2.5g亚硫酸氢钠,反应1小时后,加入10g乙醇,搅拌0.5小时,减压蒸馏除去乙醇,加入50g丙酮,过滤,收集滤液放入反应器中,在反应器中加入1.44g二甲氨基氯乙烷,反应6小时,再加入1.01g三乙胺,反应1小时,得水性聚氨酯溶液77.63g。
25℃下,将77.63g水性聚氨酯溶液,0.03g靛蓝和13.6g双酚A型环氧树脂(618)加入反应器中,搅拌0.5小时,加入2.44g油酸钠和2.96g己二酸二辛酯,加水将混合体系稀释至固含量为20%,7000rpm下乳化1小时,制得靛蓝水性聚氨酯上浆剂233.3g。
将本实施例1中的制得靛蓝水性聚氨酯上浆剂稀释到1.5%,用于碳纤维生产线上对碳纤维进行上浆处理,120℃烘干,收丝。上浆后的碳纤维上浆附着量为1.2%,饱和吸水率为0.08%,ILSS为81MPa。
实施例2:
室温、氮气氛下,在反应器中加入6.96g甲苯二异氰酸酯和20g聚乙二醇(M.W.2000),80℃反应1小时后,降温至60℃,加入2.68g二羟甲基丙酸,反应5小时后,降温至25℃,加入2.5g亚硫酸氢钠,反应1小时后,加入10g乙醇,搅拌0.5小时,减压蒸馏除去乙醇,加入50g丙酮,过滤,收集滤液放入反应器中,在反应器中加入1.44g二甲氨基氯乙烷,反应6小时,再加入1.01g三乙胺,反应1小时,得水性聚氨酯溶液77.63g。
25℃下,将77.63g水性聚氨酯溶液,0.03g溴靛蓝和13.6g双酚A型环氧树脂(618)加入反应器中,搅拌0.5小时,加入2.44g油酸钠和2.96g己二酸二辛酯,加水将混合体系稀释至固含量为20%,7000rpm下乳化1小时,制得溴靛蓝水性聚氨酯上浆剂233.3g。
将本实施例2中的制得溴靛蓝水性聚氨酯上浆剂稀释到1.5%,用于碳纤维生产线上对碳纤维进行上浆处理,120℃烘干,收丝。上浆后的碳纤维上浆附着量为1.1%,饱和吸水率为0.07%,ILSS为80MPa。
实施例3:
室温、氮气氛下,在反应器中加入6.96g甲苯二异氰酸酯和20g聚乙二醇(M.W.2000),80℃反应1小时后,降温至60℃,加入2.96g二羟甲基丁酸,反应5小时后,降温至25℃,加入2.5g亚硫酸氢钠,反应1小时后,加入10g乙醇,搅拌0.5小时,减压蒸馏除去乙醇,加入50g丙酮,过滤,收集滤液放入反应器中,在反应器中加入1.44g二甲氨基氯乙烷,反应6小时,再加入1.01g三乙胺,反应1小时,得水性聚氨酯溶液77.91g。
25℃下,将77.91g水性聚氨酯溶液,0.03g靛蓝和13.6g双酚A型环氧树脂(618)加入反应器中,搅拌0.5小时,加入2.44g油酸钠和2.96g己二酸二辛酯,加水将混合体系稀释至固含量为20%,7000rpm下乳化1小时,制得靛蓝水性聚氨酯上浆剂234.7g。
将本实施例3中的制得靛蓝水性聚氨酯上浆剂稀释到1.5%,用于碳纤维生产线上对碳纤维进行上浆处理,120℃烘干,收丝。上浆后的碳纤维上浆附着量为1.3%,饱和吸水率为0.09%,ILSS为83MPa。
实施例4:
室温、氮气氛下,在反应器中加入6.96g甲苯二异氰酸酯和20g聚乙二醇(M.W.2000),80℃反应1小时后,降温至60℃,加入2.68g二羟甲基丙酸,反应5小时后,降温至25℃,加入2.09g甲乙酮肟,反应1小时后,加入10g乙醇,搅拌0.5小时,减压蒸馏除去乙醇,加入50g丙酮,过滤,收集滤液放入反应器中,在反应器中加入1.44g二甲氨基氯乙烷,反应6小时,再加入1.01g三乙胺,反应1小时,得水性聚氨酯溶液77.22g。
25℃下,将77.22g水性聚氨酯溶液,0.03g靛蓝和13.6g双酚A型环氧树脂(618)加入反应器中,搅拌0.5小时,加入2.44g油酸钠和2.96g己二酸二辛酯,加水将混合体系稀释至固含量为20%,7000rpm下乳化1小时,制得靛蓝水性聚氨酯上浆剂231.25g。
将本实施例4中的制得靛蓝水性聚氨酯上浆剂稀释到1.5%,用于碳纤维生产线上对碳纤维进行上浆处理,120℃烘干,收丝。上浆后的碳纤维上浆附着量为1.1%,饱和吸水率为0.07%,ILSS为85MPa。
实施例5:
室温、氮气氛下,在反应器中加入6.96g甲苯二异氰酸酯和20g聚乙二醇(M.W.2000),80℃反应1小时后,降温至60℃,加入2.68g二羟甲基丙酸,反应5小时后,降温至25℃,加入2.5g亚硫酸氢钠,反应1小时后,加入10g乙醇,搅拌0.5小时,减压蒸馏除去乙醇,加入50g丙酮,过滤,收集滤液放入反应器中,在反应器中加入1.44g二甲氨基氯乙烷,反应6小时,再加入1.01g三乙胺,反应1小时,得水性聚氨酯溶液77.63g。
25℃下,将77.63g水性聚氨酯溶液,0.03g靛蓝和10.2g双酚A型环氧树脂(618)加入反应器中,搅拌0.5小时,加入2.44g油酸钠和2.96g己二酸二辛酯,加水将混合体系稀释至固含量为20%,7000rpm下乳化1小时,制得靛蓝水性聚氨酯上浆剂216.3g。
将本实施例5中的制得靛蓝水性聚氨酯上浆剂稀释到1.5%,用于碳纤维生产线上对碳纤维进行上浆处理,120℃烘干,收丝。上浆后的碳纤维上浆附着量为1.1%,饱和吸水率为0.07%,ILSS为82MPa。
比较例1:
室温、氮气氛下,在反应器中加入6.96g甲苯二异氰酸酯和20g聚乙二醇(M.W.2000),80℃反应1小时后,降温至60℃,加入2.68g二羟甲基丙酸,反应5小时后,降温至25℃,加入2.5g亚硫酸氢钠,反应1小时后,加入10g乙醇,搅拌0.5小时,减压蒸馏除去乙醇,加入50g丙酮,过滤,收集滤液放入反应器中,在反应器中加入1.44g二甲氨基氯乙烷,反应6小时,再加入1.01g三乙胺,反应1小时,得水性聚氨酯溶液77.63g。
25℃下,将77.63g水性聚氨酯溶和13.6g双酚A型环氧树脂(618)加入反应器中,搅拌0.5小时,加入2.44g油酸钠和2.96g己二酸二辛酯,加水将混合体系稀释至固含量为20%,7000rpm下乳化1小时,制得水性聚氨酯上浆剂233.15g。
将本比较例中的制得水性聚氨酯上浆剂稀释到1.5%,用于碳纤维生产线上对碳纤维进行上浆处理,120℃烘干,收丝。上浆后的碳纤维上浆附着量为1.1%,饱和吸水率为0.07%,ILSS为75MPa。
比较例2:
室温、氮气氛下,在反应器中加入6.96g甲苯二异氰酸酯和20g聚乙二醇(M.W.2000),80℃反应1小时后,降温至60℃,加入2.68g二羟甲基丙酸,反应5小时后,降温至25℃,加入2.5g亚硫酸氢钠,反应1小时后,加入10g乙醇,搅拌0.5小时,减压蒸馏除去乙醇,加入50g丙酮,过滤,收集滤液放入反应器中,再加入2.02g三乙胺,反应1小时,得水性聚氨酯溶液77.2g。
25℃下,将77.2g水性聚氨酯溶,0.03g靛蓝和13.6g双酚A型环氧树脂(618)加入反应器中,搅拌0.5小时,加入2.44g油酸钠和2.96g己二酸二辛酯,加水将混合体系稀释至固含量为20%,7000rpm下乳化1小时,制得靛蓝水性聚氨酯上浆剂231g。制得的上浆剂在一天以内出现沉降,无法使用。
Claims (12)
1.一种水性聚氨酯,具有式(I)所示结构:
其中m为1~10;n为1~10;o为1~10;
其中R1为
R2为
R3为
R4为
R5为-SO3 -Na+、或
R6为
R7为NH(C2H5)3、NH4、Na、或K。
2.根据权利要求1所述水性聚氨酯,其特征在于:
式(I)中,R2与R1、R3、R4间隔排列,R1、R3、R4为任意顺序,R5封端R2。
3.一种根据权利要求1或2所述水性聚氨酯的制备方法,首先将聚醚与二异氰酸酯进行预聚反应,接着加入扩链剂进行扩链反应,采用封端剂进行封端,加入乙醇进一步封端,然后加入改性剂进行改性反应,最后加入中和剂进行成盐反应,得到所述水性聚氨酯。
4.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于:
所述二异氰酸酯为甲苯二异氰酸酯、对苯二异氰酸酯、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、二甲基联苯二异氰酸酯、二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯中的至少一种;和/或,
所述聚醚为聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇、聚四氢呋喃中的至少一种,所述聚醚的分子量优选为200~6000;和/或,
所述扩链剂为二羟甲基丁酸、二羟甲基丙酸中的至少一种;和/或,
所述封端剂为亚硫酸氢钠、甲乙酮肟中的至少一种;和/或,
所述改性剂为二甲氨基氯乙烷、二乙氨基氯乙烷、2-氯-1-(二甲氨基)丙烷、3-(二甲氨基)氯丙烷中的至少一种;和/或,
所述中和剂为三乙胺、氨水、氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾中的至少一种。
5.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于:
所述聚醚与二异氰酸酯的质量比为(0.07~20):1,预聚反应的反应温度为70~90℃;和/或,
所述扩链剂与二异氰酸酯的质量比为(0.05~0.6):1,扩链反应的反应温度为50~70℃;和/或,
所述封端剂与二异氰酸酯的质量比为(0.1~0.6):1;封端反应的温度为20~30℃;和/或,
所述乙醇与二异氰酸酯的质量比为(0.3~3):1,封端反应的温度为20~30℃;和/或,
所述改性剂与二异氰酸酯的质量比为(0.05~0.7):1,改性反应的反应温度为20~30℃;和/或,
所述中和剂与二异氰酸酯的质量比为(0.006~0.4):1,成盐反应的反应温度为20~30℃。
6.根据权利要求3~5之任一项所述制备方法得到的水性聚氨酯。
7.一种靛蓝类水性聚氨酯上浆剂,包括主剂树脂、辅剂、靛蓝类染料和水;其中,所述主剂树脂包括权利要求1、2、6之任一项所述水性聚氨酯和环氧树脂,所述辅剂包括增塑剂和表面活性剂。
8.根据权利要求7所述的上浆剂,其特征在于:
所述环氧树脂为双酚A型环氧树脂、双酚F型环氧树脂、双酚S型环氧树脂中的至少一种;和/或,
所述靛蓝类染料为靛蓝、溴靛蓝、靛蓝胭脂红中的至少一种;和/或,
所述表面活性剂为油酸、油酸钾、油酸钠中的至少一种;和/或,
所述增塑剂为己二酸二辛酯、邻苯二甲酸二异壬酯、邻苯二甲酸二辛酯、癸二酸二辛酯中的至少一种。
9.根据权利要求7所述的上浆剂,其特征在于:
环氧树脂、靛蓝类染料、表面活性剂、增塑剂、水、与水性聚氨酯的质量比为(0.02~4):(0.000002~0.06):(0.002~0.7):(0.003~0.9):(0.36~90):1,优选为(0.05~3):(0.00005~0.012):(0.01~0.4):(0.01~0.5):(0.9~36):1。
10.一种根据权利要求7~9之任一项所述上浆剂的制备方法,将包括主剂树脂、辅剂和靛蓝类染料在内的原料混合,加水稀释至固含量为10~50wt%,乳化得到所述上浆剂。
11.根据权利要求10所述的制备方法,其特征在于:
乳化条件为3000~11000rpm下乳化0.2~2小时。
12.权利要求7~9之任一项所述上浆剂或者权利要求10~11之任一项所述制备方法得到的上浆剂在碳纤维复合材料中的应用。
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