CN117328895A - A high-stress soft and broken surrounding rock tunnel support method - Google Patents

A high-stress soft and broken surrounding rock tunnel support method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN117328895A
CN117328895A CN202311454293.6A CN202311454293A CN117328895A CN 117328895 A CN117328895 A CN 117328895A CN 202311454293 A CN202311454293 A CN 202311454293A CN 117328895 A CN117328895 A CN 117328895A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
surrounding rock
hydraulic
steel arch
tunnel
stress
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CN202311454293.6A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
吴浩
李树建
张斌
王万禄
刘映辉
王宗勇
张吉雄
马丹
周帆
杨世飞
陈英
戴兵
李樯
凡奥奇
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China University of Mining and Technology Beijing CUMTB
Yunnan Phosphate Chemical Group Corp Ltd
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China University of Mining and Technology Beijing CUMTB
Yunnan Phosphate Chemical Group Corp Ltd
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Priority to CN202311454293.6A priority Critical patent/CN117328895A/en
Publication of CN117328895A publication Critical patent/CN117328895A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
    • E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
    • E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
    • E21D11/107—Reinforcing elements therefor; Holders for the reinforcing elements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
    • E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
    • E21D11/12—Temporary supports for use during building; Accessories
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
    • E21D11/14—Lining predominantly with metal
    • E21D11/15—Plate linings; Laggings, i.e. linings designed for holding back formation material or for transmitting the load to main supporting members
    • E21D11/152—Laggings made of grids or nettings
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
    • E21D11/14—Lining predominantly with metal
    • E21D11/18—Arch members ; Network made of arch members ; Ring elements; Polygon elements; Polygon elements inside arches
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
    • E21D11/14—Lining predominantly with metal
    • E21D11/18—Arch members ; Network made of arch members ; Ring elements; Polygon elements; Polygon elements inside arches
    • E21D11/186—Pre-stressing or dismantling devices therefor
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D15/00—Props; Chocks, e.g. made of flexible containers filled with backfilling material
    • E21D15/14—Telescopic props
    • E21D15/44—Hydraulic, pneumatic, or hydraulic-pneumatic props
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D15/00—Props; Chocks, e.g. made of flexible containers filled with backfilling material
    • E21D15/50—Component parts or details of props
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D15/00—Props; Chocks, e.g. made of flexible containers filled with backfilling material
    • E21D15/50—Component parts or details of props
    • E21D15/51—Component parts or details of props specially adapted to hydraulic, pneumatic, or hydraulic-pneumatic props, e.g. arrangements of relief valves
    • E21D15/512—Arrangement of valves
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D20/00—Setting anchoring-bolts
    • E21D20/02—Setting anchoring-bolts with provisions for grouting
    • E21D20/025—Grouting with organic components, e.g. resin
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
    • E21D21/0026—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection characterised by constructional features of the bolts
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
    • E21F17/00—Methods or devices for use in mines or tunnels, not covered elsewhere
    • E21F17/18—Special adaptations of signalling or alarm devices

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Devices Affording Protection Of Roads Or Walls For Sound Insulation (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-stress soft broken surrounding rock roadway support method, which comprises the following steps: s1, measuring geomechanical parameters of surrounding rocks of a roadway, S2, constructing a flexible buffer layer, S3, selecting and installing a hydraulic steel arch frame assembly, S4, drilling and installing an anchor cable on the roadway, S5, injecting liquid into an inner cavity of a hydraulic damping rod, and setting a pressure threshold value of a three-purpose valve of the hydraulic damping rod according to stress of the surrounding rocks. More importantly, the deformation and damage of surrounding rocks of the roadway can be fully controlled, and rock dynamic disasters such as rock burst and the like can be prevented and treated.

Description

High-stress soft broken surrounding rock roadway support method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of mine roadway support, in particular to a high-stress soft broken surrounding rock roadway support method.
Background
Underground mining typically requires a large number of roadway projects to access the ore body, which in turn enables deposit development and mining of ore blocks, cutting and stoping operations. The report 2022 of Chinese mineral resources shows that the total underground mines corresponding to 173 minerals in the whole country are 3 ten thousand, and each roadway is newly excavated every year up to 1.5 ten thousand kilometers. It is clear that tunnelling plays an extremely important role in the production of underground mines. When a roadway is excavated in a rock body, the stress balance state of the original rock is destroyed, and stress concentration or transient unloading is caused by stress redistribution of surrounding rock. When the stability of the surrounding rock of the roadway is insufficient to bear, accidents such as roof fall, ledge, large deformation, rock burst and water burst disasters are easily caused if the supporting cannot be carried out timely and effectively. Therefore, the roadway support is a key for keeping the roadway smooth and surrounding rock stable, and has great significance for realizing safe and efficient mining of mines.
As mineral resources in the shallow part of the earth are increasingly exhausted, underground mines successively enter a kilometer-level deep mining stage, and the maximum mining depth reaches 4350m. The deep resource occurrence condition is complex, the mining environment presents the characteristics of high stress (> 40 MPa), high ground temperature (> 40 ℃) and high karst water pressure (> 10 MPa), strong disturbance and the like, so that disasters such as roof caving, rock burst and the like of a roadway frequently occur in the mining process, the disasters are difficult to predict and effectively prevent, particularly the roof caving and the large deformation of the roof caving of surrounding rock of a soft broken roadway are particularly prominent, and the construction and production operation of the roadway are seriously plagued. Therefore, how to effectively support the soft broken surrounding rock in the high-stress environment is a primary problem to be solved in the current mine industry. At present, a supporting mode mainly comprising grouting or a steel arch is generally adopted for supporting soft broken surrounding rock, but the practice finds that the supporting mode is difficult to adapt to high ground pressure and large energy under deep high stress, and is difficult to stably control the deformation of the surrounding rock and the occurrence of dynamic rock disasters. Therefore, the invention of a supporting structure or a method which can stably yielding, resisting deformation and releasing high-elasticity energy storage in matching complex geological conditions of deep surrounding rock and working is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a high-stress soft broken surrounding rock roadway support method, which comprises the steps of firstly, constructing different numbers of drilling holes on surrounding rock around the roadway, measuring geomechanical parameters such as the thickness of a loose ring of the surrounding rock of the roadway, the stress of the surrounding rock and the like, then, firstly filling bagged light granular materials into the rock wall after the roadway is excavated, hanging metal meshes, then, assembling and erecting a hydraulic steel arch assembly to form a rectangular or trapezoid support structure, and finally constructing a certain number of horizontal drilling holes on the side of the roadway, installing short anchor cables to fix the hydraulic steel arch and anchor the surrounding rock of the side, and realizing the effective control of the deformation of the soft broken surrounding rock and the inhibition of rock disasters under the high-stress environment based on the steady state pressure release function of the hydraulic steel arch and the bagged light granular materials.
The scheme of the invention is as follows:
a high-stress soft broken surrounding rock roadway support method comprises the following steps:
s1, measuring geomechanical parameters of surrounding rock of roadway
Constructing a plurality of measuring holes in the surrounding rock of the roadway to be supported, measuring the loose circle range of the surrounding rock of the roadway and the displaying characteristics of the mine pressure of the roadway by adopting a drilling peeping instrument and a drilling stress meter, obtaining the loose circle thickness of the surrounding rock of the roadway and the stress of the surrounding rock, and providing basic data for the subsequent short anchor cable size design, the hydraulic steel arch model and the pressure threshold setting;
s2, flexible buffer layer construction
Continuously stacking bagged light granular materials on the wall surface of the surrounding rock of the roadway along the circumferential direction, forming a flexible buffer layer with a certain thickness on the surface of the wall of the roadway, then paving a metal net on the surface of the buffer layer, and supporting the metal net by adopting a rod piece for temporary support;
s3, selecting and installing hydraulic steel arch frame assembly
Selecting a hydraulic steel arch frame assembly according to the section of a roadway and the stress of surrounding rock, assembling the upper steel arch frame, the top plate steel arch frame, the hydraulic support and the hydraulic damping rod into a whole by virtue of bolts and nuts to form a supporting structure, attaching the supporting structure to a metal net, and placing the supporting structure along the axis of the roadway at a certain row distance; setting a hydraulic prop pressure threshold value, and injecting hydraulic oil to the hydraulic prop to the threshold value through a three-way valve by utilizing a liquid injection gun, so that the roof steel arch forms a certain supporting working resistance to the roof;
s4, roadway side drilling construction and anchor cable installation
Drilling anchor cable drill holes with a certain number and depth at intervals towards the roadway side along the vertical direction on the basis of the thickness of the roadway loosening ring, filling resin anchoring agent into the drill holes, sequentially installing an anchor cable body, a special-shaped tray and a lockset, forming a certain prestress, and realizing deep anchoring of surrounding rock of the roadway side and locking of the anchor cable and the roadway side steel arch;
s5, injecting liquid into inner cavity of hydraulic damping rod
The pressure threshold value of the three-purpose valve of the hydraulic damping rod is set according to the stress of the surrounding rock, hydraulic oil is injected into the left cavity and the right cavity of the hydraulic damping rod through the three-purpose valves at the two ends of the hydraulic damping rod by using the liquid injection gun until the rated pressure is reached, and the hydraulic damping rod and the hydraulic prop act together to realize the two-stage linkage of the pressure release energy and deformation resistance of the surrounding rock.
As a preferable technical scheme, the aperture of the measuring drilling hole is 30-90 mm, the depth of the measuring drilling hole is 3-5 m, and 5-11 measuring drilling holes are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the roadway.
As the preferable technical scheme, the light granular material comprises one or more of spherical polyphenyl granules, polyurethane granules and ceramsite, and the thickness of a flexible layer constructed by the bagged light granular material is 20-40 cm.
As a preferable technical scheme, the hydraulic steel arch assembly comprises two upper steel arches, two top plate steel arches, two hydraulic supports and a hydraulic damping rod, wherein square iron plates are welded at the bottoms of the upper steel arches to increase the stress area of the steel arches so as to improve stability, the tops of the upper steel arches are in pin joint with one end of one top plate steel arch through bolts and nuts, and the waist parts of the upper steel arches and one end of the top plate steel arch are also in pin joint with one hydraulic support, so that the lifting of the top plate steel arches in the annular direction can be realized; a telescopic hydraulic damping rod is connected between the two roof steel arches in a pin joint mode; based on surrounding rock stress and theoretical mechanics, the section size of the steel arch can be obtained, and the row distance of the steel arch assembly in the axial direction of the roadway is 0.8-1.5 m.
As the preferable technical scheme, the steel arch frame is one of I-steel, channel steel and U-steel.
As the preferable technical scheme, the hydraulic damping rod comprises drum, telescopic link, piston, spring and three way valve, the pin joint of taking the round hole has been welded to the head of telescopic link, the afterbody of telescopic link extends into in the drum with the piston welds, be equipped with the hydraulic oil pocket in the drum, be equipped with the three way valve on the both ends lateral surface of drum, the tail end of telescopic link, piston and hydraulic oil pocket are in both ends symmetric distribution in the drum, be equipped with big stiffness spring between two pistons in the drum. The telescopic length range of the hydraulic damping rod is 0.5-1.5 m.
As an optimal technical scheme, the three-purpose valve has the functions of liquid injection, liquid discharge and liquid discharge, and when the hydraulic oil exceeds a set threshold value, the hydraulic oil can automatically discharge to keep constant resistance, so that the functions of pressure relief, energy release and large deformation adaptation are realized.
As the preferable technical scheme, the aperture of the anchor cable drilling hole is 30-60 mm, the depth of the anchor cable drilling hole is more than 0.5-3.0 m of the thickness of the loose coil, and the diameter of the cable body is 15-25 mm; a round hole for a rope body to pass through is formed in the middle of the special-shaped tray, one end of the round hole is clung to one end of the rock wall outside the anchor rope hole, the clamp is arranged on the upper steel arch frame, locking of the upper steel arch frame and prestress anchoring of surrounding rock are achieved through the prestress action of the anchor rope, the distance between adjacent anchor ropes is 0.5-2.0 m, and the row spacing is consistent with that of the steel arch frame assembly.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the roadway support method for the high-stress soft broken surrounding rock comprises the following steps of S1, determining geomechanical parameters of the surrounding rock: constructing a plurality of measuring holes in the surrounding rock of the roadway to be supported, measuring the loose circle range of the surrounding rock of the roadway and the displaying characteristics of the mine pressure of the roadway by adopting a drilling peeping instrument and a drilling stress meter, obtaining the loose circle thickness of the surrounding rock of the roadway and the stress of the surrounding rock, and providing basic data for the subsequent short anchor cable size design, the hydraulic steel arch model and the pressure threshold setting; s2, constructing a flexible buffer layer: continuously stacking bagged light granular materials on the wall surface of the surrounding rock of the roadway along the circumferential direction, forming a flexible buffer layer with a certain thickness on the surface of the wall of the roadway, then paving a metal net on the surface of the buffer layer, and supporting the metal net by adopting a rod piece for temporary support; s3, selecting and installing the hydraulic steel arch frame assembly, selecting the hydraulic steel arch frame assembly according to the stress of surrounding rock, assembling the upper steel arch frame, the top plate steel arch frame, the hydraulic support and the hydraulic damping rod into a whole by virtue of bolts and nuts to form a supporting structure, attaching the supporting structure to a metal net, and placing the supporting structure along the axis of a roadway at a certain row distance; setting a hydraulic prop pressure threshold value, and injecting hydraulic oil to the hydraulic prop to the threshold value through a three-way valve by utilizing a liquid injection gun, so that the roof steel arch forms a certain supporting working resistance to the roof; s4, roadway side drilling construction and anchor cable installation: drilling anchor cable drill holes with a certain number and depth at intervals towards the roadway side along the vertical direction on the basis of the thickness of the roadway loosening ring, filling resin anchoring agent into the drill holes, sequentially installing an anchor cable body, a special-shaped tray and a lockset, forming a certain prestress, and realizing deep anchoring of surrounding rock of the roadway side and locking of the anchor cable and the roadway side steel arch; s5, injecting liquid into the inner cavity of the hydraulic damping rod, setting a pressure threshold value of a three-way valve of the hydraulic damping rod according to the stress of surrounding rock, simultaneously injecting hydraulic oil into the left and right cavities inside the hydraulic damping rod through the three-way valves at the two ends of the hydraulic damping rod by using a liquid injection gun until the rated pressure is reached, and realizing the two-stage linkage of the pressure release energy and deformation resistance of the surrounding rock under the combined action of the hydraulic prop.
The invention has the advantages that:
the support structure is matched with complex geological conditions of deep surrounding rock, and can stably yielding deformation resistance and release high-elasticity energy storage in operation. More importantly, the deformation and damage of surrounding rocks of the roadway can be fully controlled, and rock dynamic disasters such as rock burst and the like can be prevented and treated.
(1) The flexible layer constructed by the bag-shaped light granular material is light and easy to install, and has the functions of dispersing surrounding rock stress, absorbing surrounding rock crushing and expanding deformation and inhibiting surrounding rock energy release and preventing impact.
(2) The hydraulic steel arch frame assembly is assembled in a pin joint mode, the installation is convenient, high constant working resistance can be kept under high ground pressure and high energy storage release through the double-stage linkage action of the hydraulic support posts and the hydraulic damping rods, and the surrounding rock large deformation and the sudden release of energy are adapted by means of oil drainage and pressure relief;
(3) The short anchor cable after installation has a certain prestress, improves the stress state of the surrounding rock of the upper part, and plays a double purpose of efficiently anchoring the surrounding rock of the upper part and locking the steel arch assembly.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a support structure according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the hydraulic damping lever structure of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic view of the cable attachment structure of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a three view of the shaped tray of the present invention.
Wherein: the drilling machine comprises the following components of a roadway 1, a surrounding rock loosening ring 2, surrounding rock 3, a flexible buffer layer 4, a metal net 5, a side steel arch 6, a top steel arch 7, a hydraulic prop 8, a pin joint bolt 9, a hydraulic damping rod 10, a square iron plate 11, an anchor cable 12, a cylinder 101, a telescopic rod 102, a piston 103, a hydraulic oil 104, a three-purpose valve 105, a spring 106, a cable body 121, a special-shaped tray 122, a lock 123, a resin anchoring agent 124 and an anchor cable 125.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a high-stress soft broken surrounding rock roadway support method.
The invention is further described in connection with the following embodiments in order to make the technical means, the creation features, the achievement of the purpose and the effect of the invention easy to understand.
Example 1:
as shown in fig. 1, 2, 3 and 4, firstly, after a roadway 1 is excavated, drilling 5-11 measuring drill holes with depth of 3-5 m and aperture of 30-90 mm around the roadway 1, and measuring geomechanical parameters such as thickness of a loose coil 2, secondary stress in surrounding rock 3 and the like by using a drilling stress meter and a drilling peeping instrument;
secondly, paving a bagged light granular material filled with polyphenyl granules, polyurethane granules or ceramsite on the basis of ground pressure measurement to construct a flexible buffer layer 4 with the thickness of 20-40 cm, tightly paving a metal net 5, and supporting the flexible buffer layer by adopting a pipe/rod piece to temporarily support the flexible buffer layer;
thirdly, the upper steel arch 6, the roof steel arch 7, the hydraulic prop 8 and the hydraulic damping rod 10, the bottom ends of which are welded with square iron plates 11, are assembled into a whole by utilizing the pin joint bolts 9 to form a supporting structure, the supporting structure is arranged according to the row spacing of 0.8-1.2 m, and hydraulic oil 104 is injected into the hydraulic prop 8 through the three-purpose valve 105 to enable the roof steel arch 7 to generate supporting working resistance to the roof of the roadway 1;
then, drilling anchor cable drilling holes 125 with vertical spacing of 0.5-2.0 m, aperture of 30-60 mm and depth of 0.5-3.0 m larger than the thickness of the loosening ring at one side of the steel arch 6 of the upper part of the roadway 1, then filling resin anchoring agent 124, and installing the cable body 121 into the anchor cable drilling holes 125 through the special-shaped tray 122 for anchoring, wherein the special-shaped tray 122 is clamped on the steel arch 6 of the upper part and locked by a lock 123, so that the anchor cable 12 has certain prestress.
Finally, hydraulic oil 104 is injected into the left and right cavities inside the hydraulic damping rod 10 through three-purpose valves 105 at the two ends of the hydraulic damping rod by using a liquid injection gun until reaching rated pressure, and the hydraulic damping rod and the hydraulic support 8 jointly act to realize two-stage linkage of pressure release energy and deformation resistance, namely after the large deformation extrusion or impact energy of two sides exceeds the supporting efficiency of the anchor cable 12, the flexible buffer layer 4 firstly absorbs or disperses part of stress and energy, the upper steel arch 6 is stressed and transmits the stress to the top steel arch 7 through the constant resistance hydraulic support 8 to drive the telescopic rod 102 to shrink, so that the piston 103 moves in opposite directions and extrudes the spring 105, and the purposes of pressure release energy and strain change are realized. When the roof pressure is great, roof steel arch 7 receives the extrusion and exceeds the rated operating resistance of hydraulic prop 8, hydraulic prop 8's three-way valve 105 keeps operating resistance invariable through automatic oil drainage shrink but accompanies roof steel arch 7 phenomenon of sinking, damping rod 10 receives the tensile effect from this, telescopic link 102 is stretched and drive two pistons 103 reverse motion this moment, thereby the hydraulic oil 104 produces tensile resistance and keeps the constant resistance throughout the automatic oil drainage process of three-way valve 105 in the extrusion two cavities, to a great extent has supported roof stress, have steady state let the pressure release energy anti-deformation's function equally.
The hydraulic damping rod 10 is composed of a cylinder 101, a telescopic rod 102, a piston 103, a spring 106 and a three-way valve 105, a pin joint with a round hole is welded at the head of the telescopic rod 102, the tail of the telescopic rod 102 extends into the cylinder 101 to be welded with the piston 103, a hydraulic oil cavity is arranged in the cylinder 101, the three-way valve 105 is arranged on the outer side surfaces of two ends of the cylinder 101, the tail end of the telescopic rod 102, the piston 103 and the hydraulic oil cavity are symmetrically distributed at two ends of the cylinder 101, and a high-rigidity spring 106 is arranged between the two pistons 103 in the cylinder 101. The telescopic length of the hydraulic damping rod 10 ranges from 0.5m to 1.5m.
The steps of the invention are described below in connection with an embodiment:
the mining depth of a mine is 800m, and the phenomenon of high stress is more prominent. The roadway engineering reveals that the lithology of surrounding rock mainly comprises dolomite and phosphorite, joint cracks are very developed, geological structures such as karst cave and faults are widely distributed, the quality of the surrounding rock is poor, and the surrounding rock belongs to soft broken rock. In addition, the development of surrounding rock karst fissure water is also found in the tunneling process, large-range water spraying and water flushing appear on the full section of the tunnel, and the maximum water inflow is 200m 3 And/h. In the early stage of tunnel tunneling, the supporting effect of the steel arch net spraying, anchor net spraying and other processes under the advanced supporting of the guide pipe and the steel pipe is poor, roof collapse and side wall caving accidents frequently occur in the tunnel, and the tunnel construction operation and maintenance are seriously affected. Although grouting is performed by adopting cement slurry, cement-water glass dual-liquid slurry and chemical slurry to achieve a certain effect of controlling surrounding rock and water shutoff, the defects of high grouting cost, long construction period and the like exist, and the operation period and the cost are seriously influenced. The section of the main tunnel of the mine is designed into a rectangle, the length is 5.0m, and the width is 4.0m. In view of the above conditions, the implementation steps of the method of the invention are as follows:
(S1) measuring geomechanical parameters of surrounding rocks of the roadway: and 5 measuring holes with the diameter of 40mm and the depth of 4m are uniformly constructed in the roadway 1 to be supported towards the surrounding rock 3, the thickness of the loose ring of the surrounding rock of the roadway 1 is 2.2m by adopting a drilling peeping instrument and a buried drilling stress meter, and the maximum surrounding rock stress is 28MPa.
(S2) flexible buffer layer construction: continuously stacking bagged light ceramsite on the wall surface of surrounding rock 3 of a roadway 1 along the circumferential direction, forming a flexible buffer layer 4 with the thickness of 0.4m on the surface of the roadway wall, then paving a 6mm metal net 5 with the size of 0.5m multiplied by 1.0m and the grid of 100mm multiplied by 100mm on the surface of the buffer layer 4, and propping the metal net 5 for temporary support by adopting 40mm round steel pipes with different lengths;
(S3) selecting and installing the hydraulic steel arch assembly: according to the maximum surrounding rock stress of 28MPa, 16H-shaped steel is selected to manufacture a steel arch, two 4.0M long upper steel arches 6, two 2.0M long roof steel arches 7, two hydraulic supports 8 and one hydraulic damping rod 10 are assembled into a whole by means of M20 bolts and nuts to form a rectangular supporting structure, the rectangular supporting structure is installed and distributed according to a 1.0M row distance, the pressure threshold of the hydraulic supports 8 is set to be 35MPa, hydraulic oil 104 is injected into the hydraulic supports 8 to the threshold by using a liquid injection gun through a three-way valve 105, and the roof steel arches 7 form a certain supporting working resistance to the roof of a roadway 1;
(S4) roadway side drilling construction and anchor cable installation: drilling 3 anchor cable drilling holes 125 with the depth of 4.5m towards the roadway side at an interval of 1.0m along the vertical direction on the basis of the thickness of the roadway loosening ring on one side of the side steel arch 6, filling an MSCK2850 resin anchoring agent 124 in the holes, sequentially installing an anchor cable body 121 with the diameter of 22mm and the diameter of 32mm, a special-shaped tray 122 and a lockset 123 to form pretightening force not less than 150KN, and supporting surrounding rock by the special-shaped tray 122 and clamping hoop action on the side steel arch 6 realize deep anchoring of the side surrounding rock 3 of the roadway 1 and locking of the anchor cable 12 and the side steel arch 6;
(S5) injecting liquid into the inner cavity of the hydraulic damping rod: the three-way valve 105 of the hydraulic damping rod 10 is set to have a pressure threshold of 35MPa, hydraulic oil is simultaneously injected into the left and right cavities inside the three-way valve 105 at the two ends of the hydraulic damping rod 10 with the shortest length of 1.0m and the telescopic length of 1.0m by using a liquid injection gun until the pressure reaches the rated pressure, and the two-way linkage of steady-state pressure release energy and deformation resistance of the surrounding rock 3 is realized by coaction with the hydraulic prop 8.
In addition, since the three-way valve 105 has the basic function of discharging liquid, the hydraulic steel arch assembly is formed by connecting the hydraulic steel arch assembly in a pin joint manner. Therefore, the hydraulic steel arch assembly can be disassembled after the liquid is discharged through the three-way valve 105 after the roadway is scrapped, so that recycling is realized.
The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and that the above embodiments and descriptions are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention, and various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is defined in the appended claims. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.

Claims (8)

1.一种高应力松软破碎围岩巷道支护方法，其特征在于，包括下列步骤：1. A roadway support method for high-stress soft and broken surrounding rock, which is characterized by including the following steps: S1、巷道围岩地质力学参数测定S1. Measurement of geomechanical parameters of tunnel surrounding rock 在待支护巷道围岩中施工若干测量钻孔，采用钻孔窥视仪与钻孔应力计，测量巷道围岩松动圈范围及巷道矿压显现特征，获得巷道围岩松动圈厚度与围岩应力大小，为后续短锚索尺寸设计、液压钢拱架型号及压力阈值设置提供基础数据；Construct a number of measurement boreholes in the surrounding rock of the tunnel to be supported. Use a borescope and a borehole stress meter to measure the scope of the loose zone of the tunnel's surrounding rock and the characteristics of the tunnel's mine pressure, and obtain the thickness of the loose zone of the tunnel's surrounding rock and the stress of the surrounding rock. size, providing basic data for subsequent short anchor cable size design, hydraulic steel arch model and pressure threshold setting; S2、柔性缓冲层构筑S2. Flexible buffer layer construction 在巷道围岩壁面沿环向连续码放袋装轻质颗粒材料，在巷壁表面形成一定厚度的柔性缓冲层，之后紧贴缓冲层表面铺设金属网并采用杆件抵住金属网进行临时支撑；The bagged lightweight granular materials are continuously stacked on the surrounding rock wall of the tunnel in the circumferential direction to form a flexible buffer layer of a certain thickness on the surface of the tunnel wall. Then a metal mesh is laid close to the surface of the buffer layer and rods are used to hold against the metal mesh for temporary support; S3、液压钢拱架组件选型与安装S3. Selection and installation of hydraulic steel arch components 根据巷道断面和围岩应力大小对液压钢拱架组件进行选型，借助螺栓螺母将帮部钢拱架、顶板钢拱架、液压支柱与液压阻尼杆通过销接方式组装为一体形成支护结构，并紧贴金属网，沿巷道轴线按一定排距放置；设置液压支柱压力阈值并利用注液枪通过三用阀向液压支柱注入液压油至阈值大小，使顶板钢拱架对顶板成形一定支撑工作阻力；The hydraulic steel arch components are selected according to the tunnel section and the stress of the surrounding rock. With the help of bolts and nuts, the upper steel arch, roof steel arch, hydraulic pillar and hydraulic damping rod are assembled into one through pin connection to form a support structure. , and close to the metal mesh, placed at a certain distance along the axis of the tunnel; set the hydraulic pillar pressure threshold and use a liquid injection gun to inject hydraulic oil into the hydraulic pillar through the three-purpose valve to the threshold size, so that the roof steel arch will provide certain support for the roof plate. work resistance; S4、巷帮钻孔施工及锚索安装S4. Tunnel drilling construction and anchor cable installation 基于巷道松动圈厚度在帮部钢拱架一侧沿竖直方向朝巷帮间隔钻凿一定数量与深度的锚索钻孔，钻孔内全长填塞树脂锚固剂，依次安装锚索索体、异形托盘与锁具，形成一定预应力，实现巷道帮部围岩的深层锚固以及锚索与帮部钢拱架的锁定；Based on the thickness of the loose ring in the tunnel, drill a certain number and depth of anchor cable holes on one side of the steel arch frame in the vertical direction toward the tunnel. The entire length of the drill holes is filled with resin anchoring agent, and the anchor cable body and cable body are installed in sequence. Special-shaped pallets and locks form a certain amount of prestress to achieve deep anchoring of the surrounding rock at the side of the tunnel and locking of the anchor cables and the steel arch at the side; S5、液压阻尼杆内腔注液S5. Liquid injection into the inner cavity of the hydraulic damping rod 根据围岩应力设置液压阻尼杆三用阀压力阈值，利用注液枪通过液压阻尼杆两端的三用阀朝其内部左右两腔体同时注入液压油直至达到额定压力，与液压支柱共同作用，实现围岩让压释能与抗变形的两级联动。Set the pressure threshold of the three-purpose valve of the hydraulic damping rod according to the stress of the surrounding rock. Use a liquid injection gun to simultaneously inject hydraulic oil into the left and right cavities of the hydraulic damping rod through the three-purpose valves at both ends of the hydraulic damping rod until the rated pressure is reached. It works together with the hydraulic pillar to achieve The surrounding rock allows for a two-stage linkage between pressure release and resistance to deformation. 2.如权利要求1所述的一种高应力松软破碎围岩巷道支护方法，其特征在于：所述测量钻孔的孔径为30～90mm，其深度3～5m，沿巷道环向均匀布置5～11个。2. A high-stress soft and broken surrounding rock roadway support method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the aperture of the measurement borehole is 30~90mm, its depth is 3~5m, and it is evenly arranged along the circumferential direction of the roadway. 5 to 11. 3.如权利要求1所述的一种高应力松软破碎围岩巷道支护方法，其特征在于：所述轻质颗粒材料包括形状为球形的聚苯颗粒、聚氨酯颗粒与陶粒中的一种或多种，袋装轻质颗粒材料构筑的柔性层厚度为20～40cm。3. A high-stress soft and broken surrounding rock tunnel support method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the lightweight granular material includes one of spherical polystyrene particles, polyurethane particles and ceramsite. or multiple types, the thickness of the flexible layer constructed of bagged lightweight granular materials is 20 to 40cm. 4.如权利要求1所述的一种高应力松软破碎围岩巷道支护方法，其特征在于：所述液压钢拱架组件包括两根帮部钢拱架、两根顶板钢拱架、两根液压支柱与一根液压阻尼杆，帮部钢拱架底部焊有方形铁板来增大钢拱架受力面积从而提高稳定性，帮部钢拱架顶部与一根顶板钢拱架的一端通过螺栓螺母进行销接且二者腰部还销接有一根液压支柱，能够实现顶板钢拱架在环向上的升降；两根顶板钢拱架之间通过销接方式连有一根可伸缩的液压阻尼杆；基于围岩应力与理论力学可获得钢拱架断面尺寸，钢拱架组件在巷道轴向上的排距为0.8～1.5m。4. A high-stress soft and broken surrounding rock tunnel support method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the hydraulic steel arch assembly includes two side steel arches, two roof steel arches, two A hydraulic pillar and a hydraulic damping rod. A square iron plate is welded to the bottom of the upper steel arch to increase the stress area of the steel arch and improve stability. The top of the upper steel arch is connected to one end of a roof steel arch. They are pin-connected through bolts and nuts, and there is also a hydraulic support pin-connected to the waist of the two, which can realize the lifting and lowering of the roof steel arch in the ring direction; a telescopic hydraulic damper is connected between the two roof steel arches through a pin connection. Rod; the cross-sectional dimensions of the steel arch frame can be obtained based on the surrounding rock stress and theoretical mechanics. The spacing of the steel arch frame components in the axial direction of the tunnel is 0.8 to 1.5m. 5.如权利要求1或4所述的一种高应力松软破碎围岩巷道支护方法，其特征在于：钢拱架类型为工字钢、槽钢与U型钢中一种。5. A high-stress soft and broken surrounding rock tunnel support method as claimed in claim 1 or 4, characterized in that: the type of steel arch is one of I-beam, channel steel and U-shaped steel. 6.如权利要求1所述的一种高应力松软破碎围岩巷道支护方法，其特征在于：所述液压阻尼杆由圆筒、伸缩杆、活塞、弹簧与三用阀组成，所述伸缩杆的头部焊有带圆孔的销接头，所述伸缩杆的尾部延伸入所述圆筒内与所述活塞焊接，所述圆筒内设有液压油腔，所述圆筒的两端外侧面上设有三用阀，所述伸缩杆的尾端、活塞与液压油腔在所述圆筒内两端对称分布，所述圆筒内的两个活塞之间设有大刚度弹簧；所述液压阻尼杆的伸缩长度范围为0.5～1.5m。6. A high-stress soft and broken surrounding rock tunnel support method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the hydraulic damping rod is composed of a cylinder, a telescopic rod, a piston, a spring and a three-purpose valve. The head of the rod is welded with a pin joint with a round hole. The tail of the telescopic rod extends into the cylinder and is welded with the piston. There is a hydraulic oil chamber in the cylinder. Both ends of the cylinder A three-purpose valve is provided on the outer surface, and the tail end of the telescopic rod, the piston and the hydraulic oil chamber are symmetrically distributed at both ends of the cylinder, and a large stiffness spring is provided between the two pistons in the cylinder; The telescopic length of the hydraulic damping rod ranges from 0.5 to 1.5m. 7.如权利要求1或6所述的一种高应力松软破碎围岩巷道支护方法，其特征在于：所述三用阀具有注液、放液与泄液功能，液压油超过设定阈值时会自动泄液而保持恒阻特性，继而实现卸压释能和适应大变形的功能。7. A high-stress soft and broken surrounding rock tunnel support method as claimed in claim 1 or 6, characterized in that: the three-purpose valve has the functions of liquid injection, liquid discharge and liquid drainage, and the hydraulic oil exceeds the set threshold. The fluid will automatically leak out while maintaining constant resistance characteristics, thereby realizing the functions of relieving pressure and energy and adapting to large deformations. 8.如权利要求1所述的一种高应力松软破碎围岩巷道支护方法，其特征在于：所述锚索钻孔的孔径为30～60mm，其深度＞松动圈厚度0.5～3.0m，索体直径15～25mm；异形托盘中间开有供索体穿过的圆孔，且一端紧贴锚索钻孔外岩壁一端，卡箍在帮部钢拱架上通过锚索预应力作用实现帮部钢拱架的锁定与围岩的预应力锚固，相邻的锚索间距0.5～2.0m，排距与钢拱架组件一致。8. A high-stress soft and broken surrounding rock roadway support method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the aperture of the anchor cable drilling is 30-60mm, and its depth is > loose ring thickness 0.5-3.0m, The diameter of the cable body is 15~25mm; there is a round hole in the middle of the special-shaped pallet for the cable body to pass through, and one end is close to the end of the rock wall outside the anchor cable hole. The clamp is realized on the upper steel arch through the prestressing effect of the anchor cable. The upper steel arch is locked and the surrounding rock is prestressed. The distance between adjacent anchor cables is 0.5 to 2.0m, and the row spacing is consistent with the steel arch components.
CN202311454293.6A 2023-11-03 2023-11-03 A high-stress soft and broken surrounding rock tunnel support method Pending CN117328895A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN119982073A (en) * 2025-03-07 2025-05-13 中国矿业大学 A method for coordinated control of an external self-bearing ring and a near-surface yielding support ring for constructing a tunnel surrounding rock fracturing ring

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN119982073A (en) * 2025-03-07 2025-05-13 中国矿业大学 A method for coordinated control of an external self-bearing ring and a near-surface yielding support ring for constructing a tunnel surrounding rock fracturing ring

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