CN117311691B - MBSE-based design method for monitoring and early warning system of hazardous chemical substance transport vehicle - Google Patents
MBSE-based design method for monitoring and early warning system of hazardous chemical substance transport vehicle Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a MBSE-based design method of a hazardous chemical substance transport vehicle monitoring and early warning system, which comprises the following steps: s01) demand analysis; s02) preliminary functional analysis; s03) system context analysis; s04) capturing a system efficiency index; s05) functional refinement analysis; s06) analyzing the system structure; s07) unifying the demand traceability relationship; s08) system simulation verification; the invention solves the problem that the design of the monitoring and early warning system is limited by the text form and the experience of the designer in terms of accuracy and usability, can effectively improve the communication and cooperation efficiency of each flow personnel in the system design, is convenient for the system to realize retrospective verification in the conceptual design stage, is beneficial to reducing the risk and cost of the system design, can be unfolded around the related requirements in the whole design process, and is beneficial to improving the practicability of the monitoring and early warning system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of dangerous chemical vehicle transportation, in particular to a method for designing a dangerous chemical transportation vehicle monitoring and early warning system based on MBSE.
Background
The dangerous chemical transport vehicle monitoring and early warning system is a safety guarantee system applied to the field of dangerous chemical transport vehicles, and can monitor the state and the position of the dangerous chemical transport vehicle in real time and send early warning in time when monitoring abnormality.
In the prior art, the design of a monitoring and early warning system for a hazardous chemical substance transport vehicle is mainly described by a system designer in a text form, and the following problems exist: (1) The monitoring early warning system is based on the design experience of a designer, the designer performs system function or structure design from the system design angle, and the requirements are lack of description and tracing; (2) The consistency of the text expression system design documents is poor, ambiguity is easy to generate, and the communication writing efficiency among all design flow staff is reduced. (3) It is difficult to establish a retrospective relationship between requirements and functions in the form of static text, whether the requirements are satisfied and whether the behavior logic is correct is difficult to verify.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides a method for designing a hazardous chemical substance transport vehicle monitoring and early warning system based on MBSE, which solves the problem that the design of the monitoring and early warning system is limited in terms of accuracy and usability by text and experience of designers.
The technical scheme of the application is as follows:
A method for designing a dangerous chemical transport vehicle monitoring and early warning system based on MBSE includes the steps that a system model based on a system modeling language is required to be established, and the system model can be used for describing requirements by a requirement graph and a requirement table; the system model describes system behavior in a use case diagram, an activity diagram, a state machine diagram and a timing diagram; the system model describes a system structure by using a module definition diagram and an internal module diagram; the specific steps for designing the dangerous chemical transportation vehicle monitoring and early warning system based on the system model are as follows:
s01) demand analysis, collecting audience demands based on design tasks, and establishing a demand table and/or a demand graph reflecting the audience demands.
S02) preliminary functional analysis, including description of system use cases and description of use case scenarios.
Describing the system use case, the use case participants and the interactive relation between the system use case and the use case participants by using the use case diagram; use case scenarios are described using activity diagrams, state machine diagrams, or timing diagrams.
S03) system context analysis, wherein module model elements in an internal module diagram are used for representing system context participants according to the use case scene in the step S02), and connectors are used for representing interaction relations between each system context participant and the system in terms of substances, energy and information.
The definition of system context participants is: all external entities interacting with the system.
S04) capturing system efficiency indexes, and displaying the system efficiency indexes in the form of a module definition graph according to the nonfunctional requirements of the system, the system behaviors and the system context analysis results.
S05) functional refinement analysis, and based on the activity diagram, the state machine diagram or the timing diagram used for describing the use case scenario in the step S02), the specific implementation process of the system behavior inside the system is described in detail in the form of the activity diagram.
S06) analyzing the system structure, determining the port of the monitoring and early-warning system interacting with the outside by using the port module and the proxy port model element in the module definition diagram, and determining the subsystem of the monitoring and early-warning system by adding the part characteristics into the monitoring and early-warning system of the dangerous chemical transportation vehicle so as to obtain the module definition diagram and the internal module diagram which can describe the structure of the monitoring and early-warning system.
S07) unifying the demand traceability relation, establishing the traceability relation between the system behavior and the audience demand according to the steps S02) and S05), establishing the traceability relation between the system efficiency index and the audience demand according to the step S04), and establishing the traceability relation between the system structure and the audience demand according to the step S06), and finally converting the traceability relation between the audience demand and the system behavior, the system efficiency index and the system structure into a dependency matrix.
S08) system simulation and verification, and establishing a system simulation model based on the established model to simulate the working process of the dangerous chemical transportation vehicle monitoring and early warning system.
Further, when the activity diagram is used in the step S05) to describe the system behavior, the activity diagram in the step S05) is grouped and the lanes are divided in the step S06) to determine the subsystems in the internal structure diagram and the hierarchical relationship between the subsystems, and determine the interaction content and the interaction direction between the subsystems of the internal module diagram.
Further, when the module definition diagram is used to describe the system port in the step S06), the interaction relationship among the system context participants in terms of substance, energy and information established in the step S03) should be satisfied.
Further, in the step S08), the content of the system simulation verification includes system function verification, logic verification of system behavior, and time calculation of system behavior.
The beneficial effects of the application are as follows:
1. The application is based on the graphic modeling of the system modeling language, ensures ideographic uniqueness of the involved demands, can effectively avoid ambiguity caused by the traditional text design mode, and can effectively improve the communication and collaboration efficiency of each flow personnel in the system design.
2. The application can realize the system function verification, flow verification and preliminary estimation of time consumption of system activities, and the system designed by the method has retrospective relation with the related demands and the system structure, thereby being convenient for the system to realize retrospective verification in the conceptual design stage and being beneficial to reducing the risk and the cost of the system design.
3. The pushing mode among the steps in the application is non-mechanical, namely, the interaction behavior with other steps exists in a single step, and the whole design process can be developed around the involved demands.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for designing a hazardous chemical substance transportation vehicle monitoring and early warning system based on MBSE provided by the application;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of the requirements established in step S01) according to the present application;
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating the usage of step S02) according to the present application;
FIG. 4 is a diagram depicting the activity of the present application for a vehicle launch control function use case scenario;
FIG. 5 is an activity diagram of the present application for use case scenario description of monitoring alarm functions;
FIG. 6 is a timing diagram of a vehicle normal driving scenario for a communication function according to the present application;
FIG. 7 is a timing diagram of an example scenario for an abnormal situation in a vehicle in a communication function according to the present application;
FIG. 8 is a timing diagram of an accident scenario for a vehicle in a communication function in accordance with the present application;
FIG. 9 is an internal block diagram of the present application for a system context;
FIG. 10 is a block diagram illustrating a system performance index according to the present application;
FIG. 11 is a diagram of the behavior of the data acquisition and transmission system of the monitoring and early warning system of the present application;
FIG. 12 is a diagram of data analysis and processing behavior of the monitoring and early warning system of the present application;
FIG. 13 is an activity diagram depicting an alarm procedure in accordance with the present application;
FIG. 14 is a block diagram illustrating the structure of the monitoring and early warning system according to the present application;
FIG. 15 is an internal block diagram of a monitoring and early warning system architecture according to the present application;
fig. 16 is a dependency matrix established in step S07) described in the present application.
Detailed Description
According to the design method of the MBSE-based hazardous chemical substance transportation vehicle monitoring and early warning system, a monitoring and early warning system aiming at the requirements of enterprises, drivers, governments and suppliers is established. In the embodiment, different steps are divided into a black box stage and a white box stage according to the visibility and cognition degree of the system in the specific implementation, as shown in fig. 1, the black box stage is the steps S01) to S04), the white box stage is the steps S05) to S08), and the specific steps for establishing the monitoring and early warning system of the embodiment are as follows:
S01) demand analysis, the monitoring and early warning system established in the embodiment is based on the content of the involved demands, and the function and architecture design of the system are carried out by taking the involved demands as the core. FIG. 2 illustrates a demand graph that translates enterprise, driver, government and vendor demands in accordance with a system modeling language.
S02) preliminary functional analysis, as shown in fig. 3, illustrates the functional and functional stakeholders of the hazardous chemical delivery vehicle monitoring and early warning system by using an illustration. In this embodiment, the hazardous chemical substance transportation vehicle monitoring and early warning system has the following functions: (1) The anti-explosion early warning function after leakage is realized, and the anti-explosion device is assembled to prevent the explosion after self leakage and also can early warn the passing vehicle so as to avoid explosion caused by electric sparks generated by the passing vehicle;
(2) A vehicle start control function of starting the engine after the driver passes the alcohol test and notifying the intention of drunk driving of the driver to the enterprise; (3) A monitoring alarm function for monitoring the state of the driver, the road condition state, the valve state and the tank body state; (4) And the communication function can report the abnormal states of the vehicle and the driver, the position information and the accident information after the accident to the enterprise in the running process of the vehicle, and transmit specific data according to the enterprise requirement.
The example scenario of the vehicle start control function in this embodiment is shown in fig. 4, and after the driver starts the engine, the hazardous chemical substance transport vehicle monitoring and early warning system is automatically started, and a system start signal is generated, where the system start signal can activate various parts in the hazardous chemical transport vehicle monitoring and early warning system. However, the vehicle cannot be started at this time, and if the vehicle is started, the driver must blow air through the alcohol detection air blowing port in the vehicle and pass the detection. After the driver passes the alcohol test, the dangerous chemical transportation vehicle monitoring and early warning system opens the steering wheel lock, and the vehicle can be started normally. If the driver fails the alcohol test, the steering wheel lock is kept in a closed state, and the information of the driver attempting drunk driving is notified to an enterprise.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 5, for a usage scenario of the monitoring alarm function, early warning index data is collected and stored in the operation process of the monitoring alarm system, and then data obtained by the monitoring function is analyzed to determine: whether the monitoring index is in an abnormal state, whether the road condition information needs to be noticed or not, and whether the driver is in a fatigue state or not. And finally, starting corresponding alarm behaviors according to the judging result.
The embodiment has three use case scenes aiming at the communication function, namely normal running of the vehicle, abnormal condition of the vehicle and accident of the vehicle. As shown in fig. 6 to 8, when the vehicle normally runs, if the enterprise wants to acquire the information of the vehicle, the enterprise needs to send a command signal 1 to the beidou No. three satellite, the beidou No. three satellite sends a command signal 2 to the hazardous chemical substance transportation vehicle monitoring and early warning system, and after the hazardous chemical substance transportation vehicle monitoring and early warning system receives the command signal 2, the encrypted vehicle early warning index data, the driver state and the driver alcohol concentration are sent to the enterprise. When an abnormal condition or an accident occurs to the vehicle, the vehicle can automatically send the abnormal information, the position information after the accident and the accident information to an enterprise by means of the Beidou No. three satellite.
S03) analyzing the system context, wherein the function provided by the dangerous chemical transportation vehicle monitoring and early warning system when serving the enterprise driver is required to be analyzed in the black box stage, analyzing the interaction with the system context participants in the aspects of substances, energy and information in the function implementation process, and describing the system based on the interaction angle of the context participants. In this embodiment, the context participants of the dangerous chemical transportation vehicle monitoring and early warning system obtained by use case scene analysis are enterprises, drivers, power sources and a Beidou third satellite system, and interaction among the participants is shown in fig. 9.
S04) capturing system performance indexes, wherein in the embodiment, the captured system performance indexes of the dangerous chemical transportation vehicle monitoring and early warning system are 6, namely safety, stability, prediction accuracy, monitoring accuracy, system complexity and interaction friendliness, according to the analysis results of the steps S01) to S03), and the performance measurement index model elements in the module definition diagram are used for representing the system performance indexes, as shown in fig. 10.
S05) functional refinement analysis, in the embodiment, the activity diagram is adopted to represent the specific flow of three important system behaviors of data transmission, data analysis processing and alarm on the basis of the activity diagram of the use case scene in the step S02).
Aiming at the activity of collecting data in the activity diagram of the use case scene of the monitoring and early warning function in the step S02), the method performs thinning and unfolding to describe the data collecting and transmitting system behavior of the monitoring and early warning system of the dangerous chemical transport vehicle, and as shown in the attached figure 11, basic monitoring indexes are collected: the method is characterized in that a direct method is adopted for monitoring the sealing performance of the valve, and a sensor is used for monitoring the concentration of dangerous chemicals outside the valve in real time; the pressure in the tank body, the temperature, the liquid level and the humidity of dangerous chemicals are monitored in real time through a pressure sensor, a temperature sensor, a liquid level sensor and a humidity sensor in the tank body; the method comprises the steps of collecting the state of a driver in real time by using a high-definition camera in a cab; acquiring the inclination angle of the current vehicle driving road section and the inclination angle of the tank body in real time by adopting a screw; the navigation system acquires the current geographic position through a navigation satellite; the method comprises the steps that an external camera acquires a front car image in real time; the sensor, the high-definition camera and the like transmit collected data to the processor through a line, and the processor analyzes and processes the data.
Aiming at the data analysis processing activity in the case scene activity diagram of the monitoring early warning function in the step S02) and the driver alcohol detection activity in the case scene activity diagram of the vehicle starting control function in the step S02), the data analysis behavior of the dangerous chemical transportation vehicle monitoring early warning system is depicted by carrying out thinning and unfolding, and as shown in the attached figure 12, the collected three contents of basic monitoring indexes, driver states and road condition information are respectively judged to be in a normal interval and the early warning of which level needs to be started for analysis processing.
Aiming at the alarm activity in the activity diagram of the use case scene of the monitoring and early warning function in the step S02), the method performs refined development to describe the alarm program of the monitoring and early warning system of the dangerous chemical transportation vehicle, and as shown in the figure 13, when at least one of the following two conditions occurs, the alarm program is started. The first case is that after receiving the alarm program starting instructions of different levels, the corresponding alarm program is automatically started. The primary alarm is as follows: the warning lamp blinks, and the fault reason is displayed on the display screen by red bold fonts. The secondary alarm is that the buzzer is started and the alarm lamp blinks, and the fault reason is displayed on the display screen by using red bold fonts. The three-level alarm is that a buzzer is started and an alarm lamp flashes, fault reasons are displayed on a display screen in a red bold font, and abnormal information is reported to a headquarter by means of a communication function. The second case is that after the accident of the vehicle, the driver manually starts an alarm program to send the information such as the vehicle position information and the accident situation to the company headquarters. An activity diagram depicting an alarm procedure is shown in fig. 13.
S06) system structure analysis, in the step, firstly, grouping activities in the activity diagram in the step S05), determining subsystems which the dangerous chemical transport vehicle monitoring and early warning system should have, and representing the subsystems in a module definition diagram. Then, interactions between the subsystems are determined and represented in an internal block diagram. And finally, determining the port of the monitoring and early warning system of the hazardous chemical substance transport vehicle according to the system context analysis in the step S03). Fig. 14 to 15 show a module definition diagram and an internal module diagram describing the structure of the monitoring and early warning system of the hazardous chemical substance transport vehicle.
S07) unifying the demand traceability relation, as shown in fig. 16, based on the system behaviors in the steps S01) and S05), the system structure in the step S06) and the system parameters in the step S04), analyzing the traceability relation between the three and the crowded demands, and converting the demand relation into a dependency matrix.
S08) system simulation and verification. After the model is built, the following contents are verified: (1) And (3) verifying the system function, and performing simulation verification on each use case. (2) And verifying the logic of the system behavior, wherein the realization of the function is closely connected with the system activity, and the logic of the system activity can be checked according to the activity diagram, the time sequence diagram and the state machine diagram. (3) The system is active, the time constraint of each action established in the step S02) and the step S05) is invoked when the time spent is calculated, and the abnormal state in the activity and the total time spent by the activity are automatically recorded by a modeling software console window.
The foregoing is merely exemplary of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. Various modifications and variations of the present application will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. which come within the spirit and principles of the application are to be included in the scope of the claims of the present application.
Claims (3)
1. A MBSE-based design method for a monitoring and early warning system of a hazardous chemical substance transport vehicle is characterized in that,
The method comprises the steps that a system model based on a system modeling language is required to be established, and the system model describes requirements by using a requirement graph and a requirement table; the system model describes system behavior in a use case diagram, an activity diagram, a state machine diagram and a timing diagram; the system model describes a system structure by using a module definition diagram and an internal module diagram; the specific steps for designing the dangerous chemical transportation vehicle monitoring and early warning system based on the system model are as follows:
s01) demand analysis, namely collecting audience demands based on design tasks, and establishing a demand table and/or a demand graph reflecting the audience demands; a demand graph that converts enterprise, driver, government and vendor demands according to a system modeling language;
S02) preliminary functional analysis, including description of system use cases and description of use case scenes;
Describing the system use case, the use case participants and the interactive relation between the system use case and the use case participants by using the use case diagram; the use case diagram can illustrate the functions of a dangerous chemical transportation vehicle monitoring and early warning system and the functional stakeholders, and the early warning system comprises the following functions: an explosion-proof early warning function after leakage, a vehicle starting control function, a monitoring alarm function and a communication function;
Describing a use case scenario using an activity diagram, a state machine diagram, or a timing diagram;
The use case scenario comprises: the vehicle runs normally, abnormal conditions occur to the vehicle, and accidents occur to the vehicle; when the vehicle normally runs, if an enterprise wants to acquire the information of the vehicle, the enterprise needs to send a command signal 1 to a Beidou No. three satellite, the Beidou No. three satellite sends a command signal 2 to a hazardous chemical substance transportation vehicle monitoring and early warning system, and after the hazardous chemical substance transportation vehicle monitoring and early warning system receives the command signal 2, encrypted vehicle early warning index data, a driver state and driver alcohol concentration are sent to the enterprise; when an abnormal condition or an accident occurs to the vehicle, the vehicle can automatically send the abnormal information and the position information after the accident to an enterprise by means of the Beidou No. three satellite;
S03) system context analysis, wherein module model elements in an internal module diagram are used for representing system context participants according to the use case scene in the step S02), and connectors are used for representing interaction relations between each system context participant and the system in terms of substances, energy and information;
the definition of system context participants is: all external entities interacting with the system; the system context participant comprises: enterprise, driver, power supply and Beidou No. three satellite system;
S04) capturing system efficiency indexes, and displaying the system efficiency indexes in a module definition diagram form according to nonfunctional requirements of the system, system behaviors and system context analysis results; the system performance index comprises: safety, stability, prediction accuracy, monitoring accuracy, system complexity, and interaction friendliness;
S05) functional refinement analysis, wherein the detailed implementation process of the system behavior inside the system is described in detail in the form of an activity diagram based on the activity diagram, the state machine diagram or the time sequence diagram used for describing the use case scene in the step S02);
S06) analyzing the system structure, determining the port of the monitoring and early-warning system interacting with the outside by using port modules and agent port model elements in the module definition diagram, and determining the subsystem of the monitoring and early-warning system by adding part characteristics into the monitoring and early-warning system of the dangerous chemical transport vehicle so as to obtain the module definition diagram and the internal module diagram which can describe the structure of the monitoring and early-warning system;
S07) unifying a demand traceability relation, establishing traceability relation between system behavior and the audience demand according to the steps S02) and S05), establishing traceability relation between system efficiency index and the audience demand according to the step S04), establishing traceability relation between system structure and the audience demand according to the step S06), and finally converting traceability relation between the audience demand and the system behavior, the system efficiency index and the system structure into a dependency matrix;
s08) system simulation and verification, wherein a system simulation model is established based on the established model to simulate the working process of the dangerous chemical transport vehicle monitoring and early warning system;
The monitoring and early warning function in the step S02) adopts the collected data activity in the use case scene activity diagram to refine and develop so as to describe the data collection and transmission system behavior of the dangerous chemical transport vehicle monitoring and early warning system;
step S02) the monitoring and early warning function adopts the data analysis processing activity in the use case scene activity diagram and the driver alcohol detection activity in the use case scene activity diagram of the vehicle starting control function to refine and develop so as to describe the data analysis behavior of the dangerous chemical transport vehicle monitoring and early warning system;
when the activity diagram is adopted in the step S05) to describe the system behavior, the activity diagram in the step S05) is grouped and divided into lanes in the step S06) so as to determine subsystems in the internal structure diagram and hierarchical relations among the subsystems and determine interaction contents and interaction directions among the subsystems of the internal module diagram.
2. The method for designing the monitoring and early warning system of the hazardous chemical substance transportation vehicle based on MBSE according to claim 1, wherein,
When the module definition diagram is adopted to describe the system port in the step S06), the interaction relation among all the system context participants established in the step S03) in terms of substances, energy and information is satisfied.
3. The method for designing the monitoring and early warning system of the hazardous chemical substance transportation vehicle based on MBSE according to claim 1, wherein,
In step S08), the content of the system simulation verification includes system function verification, logic verification of system behavior, and time calculation of system behavior.
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