CN117305071B - A dry biogas fermentation device and fermentation process thereof - Google Patents

A dry biogas fermentation device and fermentation process thereof Download PDF

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CN117305071B
CN117305071B CN202310909533.0A CN202310909533A CN117305071B CN 117305071 B CN117305071 B CN 117305071B CN 202310909533 A CN202310909533 A CN 202310909533A CN 117305071 B CN117305071 B CN 117305071B
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stirring
raw materials
biogas
fermentation
tank body
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CN117305071A (en
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唐大理
刘柏玉
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Beijing Wanmu Ecological and Environmental Protection Development Co.,Ltd.
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Wanmu Group Biotechnology Wuyi Co ltd
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    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M21/00—Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses
    • C12M21/04—Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses for producing gas, e.g. biogas
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M27/00—Means for mixing, agitating or circulating fluids in the vessel
    • C12M27/02—Stirrer or mobile mixing elements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M29/00—Means for introduction, extraction or recirculation of materials, e.g. pumps
    • C12M29/14—Pressurized fluid
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M33/00—Means for introduction, transport, positioning, extraction, harvesting, peeling or sampling of biological material in or from the apparatus
    • C12M33/12—Means for introduction, transport, positioning, extraction, harvesting, peeling or sampling of biological material in or from the apparatus by pressure
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M41/00—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation
    • C12M41/48—Automatic or computerized control
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
    • C12P5/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons or halogenated hydrocarbons
    • C12P5/02—Preparation of hydrocarbons or halogenated hydrocarbons acyclic
    • C12P5/023—Methane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种干法沼气发酵装置及其发酵工艺，例如，一种大型钢制立式分层发酵装置及其发酵工艺，属于沼气发酵技术领域。所述装置罐体、配料单元、真空循环单元、出料单元、固液分离单元和自动控制系统。本申请的干法沼气发酵装置及其发酵工艺能够提升减少设备占地面积，降低建设成本，符合物料利用自重流动，减少能耗，提高发酵效率、提升发酵工艺顺行时间、增加装置的量产产能，实现零排放，具有资源集约化和环境无害化的优点。

The present invention discloses a dry biogas fermentation device and a fermentation process thereof, for example, a large steel vertical layered fermentation device and a fermentation process thereof, which belong to the field of biogas fermentation technology. The device tank body, batching unit, vacuum circulation unit, discharging unit, solid-liquid separation unit and automatic control system. The dry biogas fermentation device and the fermentation process thereof of the present application can improve and reduce the equipment footprint, reduce construction costs, conform to the flow of materials by self-weight, reduce energy consumption, improve fermentation efficiency, increase the fermentation process forward time, increase the mass production capacity of the device, achieve zero emissions, and have the advantages of resource intensiveness and environmental harmlessness.

Description

Dry biogas fermentation device and fermentation process thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of biogas fermentation, and particularly relates to a dry biogas fermentation device and a fermentation process thereof, for example, a large-scale steel vertical layered fermentation device and a fermentation process thereof.
Background
For the existing dry fermentation devices at home and abroad, the structures are basically horizontal and are all of steel-concrete structures, which is not beneficial to the improvement of the gas production efficiency of unit raw materials, the long-term smooth operation of the fermentation process and the large-scale and process mass production of the device.
Chinese patent No. CN218507759U discloses a dry biogas fermenter comprising: the tank body, drive arrangement, dredger, harrow glassware, drive arrangement sets up at the top of the tank body, and drive arrangement is provided with the center pin downwards, and the center pin extends to the inside of tank body, and dredger is equipped with two at least groups to arrange around center pin upper portion, harrow glassware is equipped with two at least groups, and the slope is arranged around the center pin lower part. According to the scheme, aiming at the characteristics of high solid content of materials, easy crusting, easy wall sticking and poor fluidity in dry anaerobic fermentation, a mode of driving a slewing bearing gear box at two points is adopted to provide power output with large torque for the rotation of a central shaft, and through continuously scraping the inner wall of a tank body and evacuating and loosening actions, the crusting of high-concentration fermentation raw materials on the inner wall of the tank body is avoided, the smooth export of methane is ensured, and finally the decomposed fermentation materials are smoothly discharged under the actions of a raking device and a discharging bottom frame.
The Chinese patent CN218507759U discloses a vertical dry fermentation device, which realizes the cyclic heating of biogas slurry in a fermentation tank through a solar water heater, and the biogas slurry sprayed out of a nozzle drives a hollow shaft and a hollow blade to rotate under the action of a reaction force while the biogas slurry is circularly heated, so that the stirring in the fermentation tank is realized, and the arrangement of an elastic membrane can predict the residual amount of the biogas in the fermentation tank.
However, the dry fermentation device still has the problems of insufficient stirring, low biogas bubble overflow efficiency and low unit raw material gas production efficiency, is unfavorable for long-term smooth operation of a fermentation process, and is unfavorable for large-scale device and process mass production. In this regard, the application provides a dry biogas fermentation device and a fermentation process thereof, so as to further improve the gas production efficiency of unit raw materials and increase the mass production capacity of the device.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a dry biogas fermentation device and a fermentation process thereof. The device can promote and reduce the occupied area of equipment, reduce the construction cost, accord with the self-weight flow of materials, reduce the energy consumption, improve the fermentation efficiency, promote the forward running time of a fermentation process, increase the mass production capacity of the device, realize zero emission and have the advantages of resource intensification and environmental harmlessness.
In one aspect, the invention provides a dry biogas fermentation apparatus, the apparatus comprising:
The tank body comprises a driving mechanism, a raw material processing cavity and two or more stirring mechanisms arranged on a vertical central shaft along the vertical direction, wherein the driving mechanism comprises a rotating motor, a reducing motor and a rotating shaft, the rotating motor and the reducing motor are arranged at the upper end of the tank body, the rotating shaft is arranged in the direction of advancing raw materials and extends into the raw material processing cavity, and the stirring mechanisms are arranged in layers from top to bottom along the vertical direction;
The material mixing unit comprises two or more material distribution openings arranged at the top of the tank body, a vacuum feeding mechanism connected with the two or more material distribution openings, and a material mixing pool connected with the vacuum feeding mechanism, wherein the vacuum feeding mechanism comprises a vacuum power component and a feeding pipeline connected with the vacuum power component and the material distribution openings respectively;
the vacuum material circulation unit comprises a vacuum circulation pipeline and a vacuum power component which connect the lower part and the upper part of the raw material treatment cavity;
The discharging unit comprises a scraper, a blanking plate, a discharging hole, a material conveying part and a discharging pool, wherein the scraper, the blanking plate and the discharging hole are arranged at the bottom of the tank body;
The solid-liquid separation unit is configured to be connected with the discharging tank and is used for carrying out solid-liquid separation on the effluent;
And the automatic control system is used for automatically controlling the driving mechanism and the vacuum power mechanism by monitoring the temperature and the pressure in the tank body in real time.
In another aspect, the invention provides a dry biogas fermentation process using the dry biogas fermentation device, the fermentation process comprising the following steps:
s1, crushing and mixing organic wastes with high dry matter content in a mixing pool to obtain a raw material;
S2, introducing the raw materials with the same mass into the tank body for slow stirring;
s3, fermenting the raw materials along the longitudinal layering direction, continuously injecting strains in the fluid, and fermenting under anaerobic conditions to generate methane and effluent;
S4, carrying out solid-liquid separation treatment on the effluent to obtain biogas slurry and biogas residue, and refluxing part of biogas slurry to the raw materials for continuous production.
The invention also provides an application of the dry biogas fermentation device or the product obtained by the dry biogas fermentation process in power generation, industrial fuel and high-fertility organic fertilizer.
The beneficial effects of the invention include at least one of the following:
1. According to the dry biogas fermentation device provided by the invention, through the staggered arrangement between the plurality of layered stirring mechanisms and stirring teeth of any two adjacent layers of the layered stirring mechanisms, the steps of tanning materials from top to bottom can be realized, the falling time of the materials is delayed, and a plurality of fully stirred layers distributed along the horizontal direction are constructed, so that the stirring sufficiency of each layer is improved, the stirring and fully stirring can be realized in the falling process of the materials through gradually enhanced tanning and fully stirring, the overflow rate of biogas bubbles is improved, the fermentation efficiency is further improved from the fermentation dynamics dimension, and the higher unit raw material gas production efficiency can be obtained; meanwhile, laminar flow progressive fermentation is performed, short flow phenomenon of materials does not occur, and mass production capacity of the device is increased;
2. The dry biogas fermentation device provided by the invention can complete feeding by utilizing vacuum pressure, and simultaneously forms reflux inoculation of fermentation materials by utilizing the vacuum pressure;
3. According to the dry biogas fermentation device provided by the invention, the proportion of the fluid and the raw materials is strictly controlled by arranging the batching unit, so that intelligent batching is realized, and the production efficiency is improved;
4. The dry biogas fermentation device provided by the invention can effectively treat a large amount of organic wastes by arranging the automatic control system, realizes high-efficiency dry biogas fermentation, has stable gas production, meets the environmental protection requirement, and has higher safety and automation degree;
5. by adopting the dry biogas fermentation process, the principle that the water content of the bottom layer is increased by utilizing the physical characteristics of layered fermentation is utilized, the raw materials are longitudinally layered fermented and layered injected, so that the internal disturbance of the materials is reduced, the complete mixing is avoided, the inoculation of strains is completed through a vacuum power unit, the fermentation is realized, the biogas yield is high, the components are stable, the advantages of large treatment capacity and resource intensification are realized, a large amount of high-quality biogas and high-fertility organic fertilizer can be produced, the zero emission is realized, and the environment is not harmful;
6. the fermentation process provided by the invention adopts batch raw materials and industrialized equipment, has strong universality, is easy for large-scale production, and has good industrialized application prospects.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the overall structure of an exemplary embodiment of a dry biogas fermentation apparatus of the present invention;
fig. 2 shows a schematic process flow diagram of an exemplary embodiment of the dry biogas fermentation process of the present invention.
List of parts and reference numerals:
1-tank body, 111-supporting arm, 112-stirring tooth, 113-connecting arm, 121-rotating motor, 122-reducing motor, 123-rotating shaft and 13-raw material processing cavity;
21-material distribution port, 221-vacuum feeding pump, 222-vacuum feeding pipe and 23-material mixing pool;
31-a first vacuum pump, 32-a second vacuum pump, 33-a first vacuum tube, 34-a second vacuum tube;
41-scraper, 42-blanking plate, 43-discharge port, 44-screw conveyor, 45-discharge tank and 46-tank bottom reinforcing beam.
Detailed Description
In order to more clearly illustrate the general inventive concept, a detailed description is given below by way of example.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, but the present invention may be practiced in other ways than those described herein, and therefore the scope of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.
In addition, in the description of the invention, it should be understood that the terms "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "axial," "radial," "circumferential," and the like are used for convenience in describing the invention, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the devices or elements so referred to must be in a particular orientation, be constructed or operated in a particular orientation, and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
In the present invention, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; the device can be mechanically connected, electrically connected and communicated; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communicated with the inside of two elements or the interaction relationship of the two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.
In the present invention, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, a first feature "up" or "down" a second feature may be the first and second features in direct contact, or the first and second features in indirect contact via an intervening medium. In the description of the present specification, a description referring to terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "examples," "specific examples," or "some examples," etc., means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms are not necessarily directed to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
Hereinafter, the dry biogas fermentation apparatus and the fermentation process thereof of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to exemplary embodiments.
Example 1, A biogas fermentation apparatus by dry method
In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, a dry biogas fermentation apparatus includes:
The jar body, upper portion can be the cylinder, and the lower part can be the inverted cone, including actuating mechanism, raw materials processing chamber, along vertical direction setting at vertical center epaxial two or more rabbling mechanism.
Specifically, the can body may be welded from high-strength steel, however, the present invention is not limited thereto. Both the inner surface and the outer surface of the tank body the heat-insulating material is coated on the heat-insulating material, the temperature in the tank body is ensured to be constant. The stirring mechanism is of a layered structure, and the specific number of layers is determined according to the fermentation time and the material property required by the process. The taper of the inverted cone can be 15-30 degrees.
The driving mechanism comprises a rotating motor, a gear motor and a rotating shaft, wherein the rotating motor and the gear motor are arranged at the upper end of the tank body, and the rotating shaft is configured to extend into the raw material processing cavity along the raw material advancing direction.
Specifically, the rotating motor and the gear motor are arranged at the top of the outer wall of the tank body and are directly connected with the upper end of the rotating shaft, and the top of the inner wall of the tank body is sealed with a filler at the connecting position of the rotating shaft, so that the air tightness of the tank body is ensured. The rotatable shaft may be configured to extend into the feedstock processing chamber in a direction opposite (e.g., top-down) the direction of travel of the feedstock. The rotating motor is configured to be able to supply a rotational power of which the direction is changeable to the rotating shaft, and the speed reduction motor is configured to be able to control the rotational speed of the rotating shaft. For example, a rotating motor may be provided for driving the rotating shaft to move in a clockwise or counterclockwise direction, and a reducing motor may be provided for controlling the rotational speed of the rotating shaft, and when the rotational speed of the rotating shaft is high, the reducing motor is activated to reduce the rotational speed of the rotating shaft. The stirring mechanism is connected with the rotating shaft and driven by the rotating shaft to move clockwise or anticlockwise, so that the stirring gear is driven to stir the raw materials entering the raw material treatment cavity.
The stirring mechanism is arranged in a layered manner from top to bottom along the vertical direction. Each stirring mechanism comprises a supporting arm arranged along the horizontal direction, a connecting arm fixedly connected with the supporting arm and the rotating shaft, and two rows of stirring teeth with different lengths arranged on the supporting arm along the direction crossing the horizontal direction.
Specifically, the support arm is divided into two parts, which are symmetrically arranged along the rotation axis. Each stirring mechanism is provided with two connecting arms which are respectively arranged at two sides of the rotating shaft, one end of each connecting arm is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft, the other end of each connecting arm is fixedly connected to the position of the supporting arm 2/5-1/2, the included angle between each connecting arm and the supporting arm is 30-50 degrees, and the connecting arms can fix the supporting arms, so that stability and safety in the stirring process are improved.
The cross direction of one row of stirring teeth of each stirring mechanism can be the vertical direction of 80-90 degrees clockwise along the horizontal direction, the cross direction of the other row of stirring teeth can be the vertical direction of 80-90 degrees anticlockwise along the horizontal direction, and the two rows of stirring teeth are symmetrically arranged along the horizontal direction. In a preferred embodiment, the cross direction of one row of stirring teeth of each stirring mechanism can be a vertical direction 90 degrees clockwise along the horizontal direction, the cross direction of the other row of stirring teeth can be a vertical direction 90 degrees anticlockwise along the horizontal direction, and the two rows of stirring teeth are symmetrically arranged along the horizontal direction. The number of stirring teeth on each supporting arm may be 10 to 50, however, the present invention is not limited thereto. In one embodiment, the length of the stirring teeth is divided into two sections by taking the connection point of the connecting arm and the supporting arm as a limit, and the length of the supporting arm where the first section of stirring teeth is positioned is greater than or equal to the length of the supporting arm where the second section of stirring teeth is positioned. The length of the first section stirring teeth gradually increases along the direction away from the rotating shaft, the length of the second section stirring teeth gradually increases along the direction close to the rotating shaft, and the length of the second section stirring teeth cannot exceed the position of the connecting arm. The shape of the stirring teeth may be any of a rod shape, a spiral shape, or a right angle lightning shape, however, the present invention is not limited thereto.
The length of the stirring teeth is 10-100 cm, if the stirring teeth are too long, the multilayer materials can be easily stirred, the layered structure is damaged, and the gas yield is reduced; if the stirring teeth are too short, the materials cannot be sufficiently stirred, and biogas bubbles overflow with low efficiency, which is unfavorable for fermentation efficiency. The distance between the stirring teeth is 20-50 cm, and the stirring teeth can be set according to the density of the raw materials, so that the materials can be fully stirred. The stirring teeth of two adjacent stirring mechanisms are arranged in a staggered way, and the staggered position is 1/5-1/3 of the thickness of the upper material. The peristaltic motion of the materials is realized by adopting slow stirring, the materials are stirred in an all-tank all-round way, and the stirring speed is 0.2-2 circles/min. The stirring teeth can be movably connected with the supporting arms, and can be detached, so that the cleaning and the setting of the distance between the stirring teeth are facilitated. And a plurality of through holes are further formed in the surface of each stirring tooth, the contact surface between each stirring tooth and the material is increased, and bacterial groups in the fluid are brought into the material, so that the material is fully fermented.
Through the staggered arrangement between the stirring teeth of the two or more layered stirring mechanisms and any two adjacent layers of stirring mechanisms, the stepped tanning materials from top to bottom can be played, the tanning degree from top to bottom is higher and higher, the falling time of the materials is delayed, and in particular, the falling rate from top to bottom is increased. A plurality of fully stirred layers distributed along the horizontal direction can be constructed, and between two adjacent stirred layers, the upper layer material falls to the condition of the lower layer through the staggered tanning between layers, so that the stirring sufficiency of each layer is improved, the material can fall in the process through gradually enhanced tanning, the fully stirred biogas bubbles are improved in overflow rate, the fermentation efficiency is improved from fermentation dynamics dimension, and the higher unit raw material gas production efficiency can be obtained. Meanwhile, the method is also beneficial to improving the running time of the fermentation process and increasing the mass production capacity of the device.
The batching unit is arranged at two or more than two distributing openings at the top of the tank body, a vacuum feeding mechanism connected with the two or more than two distributing openings and a mixing pool connected with the vacuum feeding mechanism. The vacuum feeding mechanism comprises a vacuum power component and a feeding pipeline.
Specifically, two or more than two distributing openings are arranged at the top of the tank body, so that a more uniform distributing effect is realized, and the tank body is matched with a plurality of stirring mechanisms to form a stable material layer. For example, in a specific embodiment, the number of the distribution openings may be 4, and each distribution opening may be configured as a spiral distribution with increasing radius about a vertical direction as a central axis, and the distribution openings may be uniformly arranged in a horizontal direction.
The vacuum power member may be a vacuum pump, however, the present invention is not limited thereto. The feeding pipeline is respectively connected with the vacuum power component and the material distribution port. The raw materials are pumped into the feeding pipeline from bottom to top by the vacuum component and are conveyed to the distributing port.
The mixer and the warmer are also distributed in the mixing pool, so that various raw materials are fully mixed and warmed, and the temperature during the operation of the process is ensured.
The vacuum material circulation unit comprises a vacuum circulation pipeline and a vacuum power component, wherein the vacuum circulation pipeline and the vacuum power component are used for connecting the lower part and the upper part of the raw material treatment cavity.
Specifically, the upper part of the tank body is provided with two or more than two fluid inlets, the lower part of the tank body is provided with two or more than two fluid outlets, the fluid outlets of the lower part of the tank body are connected with the fluid inlets of the upper part of the tank body through the vacuum circulating pipeline, the fluid is circularly injected into the tank body through the vacuum power component, and bacteria in the fluid flow back to the raw materials for inoculation, so that the fermentation efficiency and the unit raw material gas production efficiency are further improved. The vacuum power component can be a vacuum pump, the feeding and discharging are completed by utilizing vacuum pressure, and the reflux inoculation of the fermentation material is formed by utilizing the vacuum pressure.
The discharging unit comprises a scraper, a blanking plate, a discharging hole, a material conveying part connected with the discharging hole and a discharging pool, wherein the scraper, the blanking plate and the discharging hole are arranged at the bottom of the tank body.
Specifically, the discharged material after the fermentation of the raw materials is completed enters the material conveying component through the material outlet, is conveyed into the material outlet tank through the power of the material conveying component, can be in an inverted conical shape at the bottom of the tank body, can form an inclined angle with the horizontal direction, is convenient for the discharged material to be discharged rapidly, and the scraper is arranged at the bottom of the tank body and can be driven by the rotating shaft to rotate clockwise or anticlockwise to scrape the discharged material at the bottom of the tank body into the material outlet. The feeding part may be a screw feeder or a feeding conveyor, however, the present invention is not limited thereto.
The solid-liquid separation unit is configured to be connected with the discharge tank, part of the discharged material enters the mixing tank to be mixed with the raw materials for continuous production, and the rest of the discharged material enters the solid-liquid separation unit for solid-liquid separation. The separated biogas slurry can be led into a mixing tank for continuous cyclic utilization, and the separated biogas residue can be prepared into high-fertility organic fertilizer, so that zero emission and cyclic utilization of resources are realized.
The dry biogas fermentation device also comprises an automatic control system, which automatically controls various parameters of the driving mechanism and the vacuum power mechanism by monitoring the temperature and the pressure in the tank body in real time, thereby ensuring the fermentation quality. Can effectively treat a large amount of organic wastes, realize high-efficiency dry biogas fermentation and stable biogas production, meet the environmental protection requirement, and have higher safety and automation degree.
For example, in one specific embodiment, the warming mechanism is automatically controlled to increase or decrease the temperature when the automatic control system detects that the fermentation temperature is below or above a set point. When the automatic control system detects that the vacuum pressure is lower than or higher than a set value, the automatic control system automatically controls the vacuum power mechanism to increase or decrease the vacuum pressure.
Example 2
Fig. 1 shows a schematic overall structure of an exemplary embodiment of the dry biogas fermentation apparatus of the present invention.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the dry biogas fermentation device comprises a tank body 1, a batching unit, a vacuum circulation unit, a discharging unit and a solid-liquid separation unit.
The upper part of the tank body 1 is a cylinder, and the lower part is an inverted cone, and comprises two stirring mechanisms, a driving mechanism and a raw material treatment cavity which are arranged on a vertical central shaft along the vertical direction. The driving mechanism includes a rotary motor 121 provided at the upper end of the tank, a speed reduction motor 122, and a rotation shaft 123 arranged to extend into the raw material processing chamber 13 in the raw material traveling direction. Each stirring mechanism includes a support arm 111 provided in a horizontal direction, two rows of stirring teeth 112 having different lengths provided on the support arm in a direction intersecting the horizontal direction, and a connection arm 113 fixedly connecting the support arm 111 and the rotation shaft 123. The support arm 111 is connected to the rotation shaft 123, and moves in a clockwise or counterclockwise direction under the driving of the rotation shaft 123, thereby driving the stirring teeth 112 to stir the raw material entering the raw material processing chamber 13. The support arm 111 is divided into two parts, symmetrically arranged along the rotation axis 123. Each stirring mechanism is provided with two connecting arms 113 which are respectively arranged at two sides of the rotating shaft 123, one end of each connecting arm 113 is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft 123, the other end is fixedly connected to the position of 2/5 of the length of the supporting arm 111, and the included angle between the connecting arm 113 and the supporting arm 111 is 45 degrees.
The cross direction of one row of stirring teeth 112 of each stirring mechanism is a vertical direction of 90 degrees clockwise along the horizontal direction, the cross direction of the other row of stirring teeth 112 is a vertical direction of 90 degrees anticlockwise along the horizontal direction, and the two rows of stirring teeth 112 are symmetrically arranged along the horizontal direction. The number of stirring teeth 112 on each supporting arm 111 is different, the stirring mechanism at the upper part of the raw material processing cavity 13 is provided with 32 stirring teeth 112, and the stirring mechanism at the lower part of the raw material processing cavity 13 is provided with 36 stirring teeth 112. The length of the stirring teeth 112 is divided into two sections by taking the connection point of the connecting arm 113 and the supporting arm 111 as a limit, and the length of the supporting arm 111 where the first section of stirring teeth 112 is located is greater than or equal to the length of the supporting arm 111 where the second section of stirring teeth 112 is located. The length of the first-stage stirring teeth 112 gradually increases in a direction away from the rotation shaft 123, the length of the second-stage stirring teeth 112 gradually increases in a direction close to the rotation shaft 123, and the length of the second-stage stirring teeth 112 does not exceed the position of the connecting arm 113. The stirring teeth 112 are rod-shaped. The stirring teeth 112 of two adjacent stirring mechanisms are staggered. The stirring teeth 112 are movably connected with the supporting arms 111 and can be detached. Each stirring tooth 112 surface is also provided with a plurality of through holes (not shown).
The batching unit sets up four cloth mouthfuls 21 at jar body top, the vacuum feed mechanism that links to each other with cloth mouthful 21, the compounding pond 23 that links to each other with vacuum feed mechanism. The vacuum feed mechanism includes a vacuum feed pump 221 and a vacuum feed pipe 222. Raw materials are pumped into the vacuum feed pipe 222 from bottom to top by the vacuum feed pump 221 and transferred to the distribution port 21.
The vacuum material circulation unit includes a first vacuum pump 31, a second vacuum pump 32, a first vacuum tube 33, and a second vacuum tube 34 connecting the lower portion and the upper portion of the raw material processing chamber 13.
The discharging unit comprises a scraper 41 arranged at the bottom of the tank body 1, a blanking plate 42, a tank bottom reinforcing beam 46 fixed at the bottom of the blanking plate, a discharging port 43, a screw conveyer 44 connected with the discharging port 43 and a discharging tank 45.
A solid-liquid separation unit (not shown) is configured to be connected to the discharge tank 45, a part of the effluent enters the mixing tank 23 to be mixed with the raw materials for further production, and the rest of the effluent enters the solid-liquid separation unit for solid-liquid separation. The separated biogas slurry can be led into a mixing tank for continuous cyclic utilization, and the separated biogas residue can be prepared into high-fertility organic fertilizer, so that zero emission and cyclic utilization of resources are realized.
An automatic control system (not shown) automatically controls the drive mechanism and the vacuum power mechanism by monitoring the temperature and pressure in the tank in real time.
Example 3A Dry biogas fermentation Process
Fig. 2 shows a schematic process flow diagram of an exemplary embodiment of the dry biogas fermentation process of the present invention.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the dry biogas fermentation process using the dry biogas fermentation apparatus in the above embodiment is realized by the steps of:
S1, crushing and mixing organic wastes with high dry matter content as raw materials.
Specifically, the organic waste with high dry matter content can be crop straw, vine, livestock manure and municipal sludge, however, the invention is not limited to this, and other organic waste with high dry matter content can also be used. The TS of the crushed raw materials is more than or equal to 15 percent, the C/N is 25-35 percent, and the concentration is 15-25 percent.
S2, introducing the raw materials with the same mass into the tank body for slow stirring.
Specifically, the batching unit, the stirring mechanism and the driving mechanism are started, and the raw materials with equal mass are led into the tank body through the batching port for slow stirring in batches, so that the raw materials are fully and uniformly mixed. For example, 300 tons of raw materials are introduced into the tank body every day for 15 to 20 days, the internal disturbance of the raw materials is less, and the raw materials introduced in any two days are not fully mixed.
S3, fermenting the raw materials along the longitudinal layering direction, continuously injecting strains in the fluid, and fermenting under anaerobic conditions to generate methane and effluent.
Specifically, the raw materials introduced from the bottom of the tank body firstly start fermentation to generate methane and effluent, meanwhile, fluid is generated, the fluid is transmitted to the upper part of the tank body through vacuum pressure, the fluid contains methane bacteria and other fermentation strains, and the fluid contacts with the raw materials on the upper part of the tank body to complete strain inoculation, so that fermentation of the raw materials on the upper part of the tank body is realized, and methane and effluent are generated. The ratio of the introduced fluid to the raw material was 1:0.1 to 1.
S4, carrying out solid-liquid separation treatment on the effluent to obtain biogas slurry and biogas residue, and refluxing part of biogas slurry to the raw materials for continuous production.
Specifically, most of the biogas slurry obtained by solid-liquid separation of the effluent is returned to the raw material, and is produced again as the raw material, and is partially discharged. The separated biogas residues can be prepared into high-fertility organic fertilizer and applied to farmlands. The vacuum pressure is 2-20 MPa.
Example 4
And simultaneously producing methane by using the dry methane fermentation devices 1# to 6# and D1# to D3# according to the dry methane fermentation process.
The dry biogas fermentation process in the dry biogas fermentation device 1# comprises the following specific steps:
S1, crushing crop straws into raw materials with TS of 25%, C/N of 20 and concentration of 20%.
S2, 300 tons of raw materials are introduced into the tank body every day, the raw materials are continuously introduced for 17 days, and the stirring speed is 1 circle/min.
S3, fermenting the raw materials under anaerobic conditions and at 50 ℃, circularly injecting fluid under the vacuum pressure of 10MPa, and mixing the fluid and the raw materials according to the proportion of 1: introducing the mixture into a tank body according to the proportion of 0.5 to generate methane and effluent.
S4, carrying out solid-liquid separation treatment on the effluent to obtain biogas slurry and biogas residue, and refluxing part of biogas slurry to the raw materials for continuous production.
The dry biogas fermentation process in the dry biogas fermentation device 2# comprises the following specific steps:
s1, crushing crop straws into raw materials with TS of 15%, C/N of 255 and humidity of 15%.
S2, introducing 250 tons of raw materials into the tank body every day, continuously introducing for 20 days, and stirring at a speed of 0.5 circle/min.
S3, fermenting the raw materials under anaerobic conditions and at the temperature of 30 ℃, circularly injecting fluid under the vacuum pressure of 2MPa, and mixing the fluid and the raw materials according to the proportion of 1: introducing the mixture into a tank body according to the proportion of 0.1 to generate methane and effluent.
S4, carrying out solid-liquid separation treatment on the effluent to obtain biogas slurry and biogas residue, and refluxing part of biogas slurry to the raw materials for continuous production.
The dry biogas fermentation process in the dry biogas fermentation device 3# comprises the following specific steps:
S1, crushing crop straws into raw materials with 35% of TS, 35% of C/N and 25% of concentration.
S2, introducing 350 tons of raw materials into the tank body every day, continuously introducing for 15 days, and stirring at a speed of 1.5 circles/min.
S3, fermenting the raw materials under anaerobic conditions and at the temperature of 65 ℃, circularly injecting fluid under the vacuum pressure of 20MPa, and mixing the fluid and the raw materials according to the proportion of 1:1 are led into the tank body to generate methane and effluent.
S4, carrying out solid-liquid separation treatment on the effluent to obtain biogas slurry and biogas residue, and refluxing part of biogas slurry to the raw materials for continuous production.
The dry biogas fermentation process in the dry biogas fermentation device No. 4 specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, crushing crop straws into raw materials with TS of 20%, C/N of 28 and concentration of 19%.
S2, 200 tons of raw materials are introduced into the tank body every day, the raw materials are continuously introduced for 25 days, and the stirring speed is 0.8 circle/min.
S3, fermenting the raw materials under anaerobic conditions and at the temperature of 45 ℃, circularly injecting fluid under the vacuum pressure of 8MPa, and mixing the fluid and the raw materials according to the proportion of 1: introducing the mixture into a tank body according to the proportion of 0.8 to generate methane and effluent.
S4, carrying out solid-liquid separation treatment on the effluent to obtain biogas slurry and biogas residue, and refluxing part of biogas slurry to the raw materials for continuous production.
The dry biogas fermentation process in the dry biogas fermentation device No. 5 specifically comprises the following steps:
S1, crushing crop straws into raw materials with TS of 18%, C/N of 32 and concentration of 23%.
S2, introducing 280 tons of raw materials into the tank body every day, continuously introducing for 22 days, and stirring at a speed of 1.2 circles/min.
S3, fermenting the raw materials under anaerobic conditions and at the temperature of 55 ℃, circularly injecting fluid under the vacuum pressure of 15MPa, and mixing the fluid and the raw materials according to the proportion of 1: introducing the mixture into a tank body according to the proportion of 0.3 to generate methane and effluent.
S4, carrying out solid-liquid separation treatment on the effluent to obtain biogas slurry and biogas residue, and refluxing part of biogas slurry to the raw materials for continuous production.
The dry biogas fermentation process in the dry biogas fermentation device 6# comprises the following specific steps:
S1, crushing crop straws into raw materials with TS of 40%, C/N of 26 and concentration of 19%.
S2, introducing 320 tons of raw materials into the tank body every day, continuously introducing for 18 days, and stirring at a speed of 1.8 circles/min.
S3, fermenting the raw materials under anaerobic conditions and at the temperature of 48 ℃, circularly injecting fluid under the vacuum pressure of 18MPa, and mixing the fluid and the raw materials according to the proportion of 1: introducing the mixture into the tank body according to the proportion of 0.6 to generate methane and effluent.
S4, carrying out solid-liquid separation treatment on the effluent to obtain biogas slurry and biogas residue, and refluxing part of biogas slurry to the raw materials for continuous production.
The dry biogas fermentation process in the dry biogas fermentation device D1# comprises the following specific steps:
S1, crushing crop straws into raw materials with 10% of TS, 15% of C/N and 10% of concentration.
S2, 300 tons of raw materials are introduced into the tank body every day, the raw materials are continuously introduced for 17 days, and the stirring speed is 1 circle/min.
S3, fermenting the raw materials under anaerobic conditions and at 50 ℃, circularly injecting fluid under the vacuum pressure of 10MPa, and mixing the fluid and the raw materials according to the proportion of 1: introducing the mixture into a tank body according to the proportion of 0.5 to generate methane and effluent.
S4, carrying out solid-liquid separation treatment on the effluent to obtain biogas slurry and biogas residue, and refluxing part of biogas slurry to the raw materials for continuous production.
The dry biogas fermentation process in the dry biogas fermentation device D2# comprises the following specific steps:
S1, crushing crop straws into raw materials with TS of 25%, C/N of 20 and concentration of 20%.
S2, 300 tons of raw materials are introduced into the tank body every day, the raw materials are continuously introduced for 17 days, and the stirring speed is 1 circle/min.
S3, fermenting the raw materials under anaerobic conditions and at 50 ℃, circularly injecting fluid under the vacuum pressure of 10MPa, and mixing the fluid and the raw materials according to the proportion of 1:2, leading the mixture into the tank body in proportion to generate methane and effluent.
S4, carrying out solid-liquid separation treatment on the effluent to obtain biogas slurry and biogas residue, and refluxing part of biogas slurry to the raw materials for continuous production.
The dry biogas fermentation process in the dry biogas fermentation device D3# comprises the following specific steps:
S1, crushing crop straws into raw materials with TS of 25%, C/N of 20 and concentration of 20%.
S2, 300 tons of raw materials are introduced into the tank body every day, the raw materials are continuously introduced for 17 days, and the stirring speed is 1 circle/min.
S3, fermenting the raw materials under anaerobic conditions and at the temperature of 20 ℃, circularly injecting fluid under the vacuum pressure of 10MPa, and mixing the fluid and the raw materials according to the proportion of 1: introducing the mixture into a tank body according to the proportion of 0.5 to generate methane and effluent.
S4, carrying out solid-liquid separation treatment on the effluent to obtain biogas slurry and biogas residue, and refluxing part of biogas slurry to the raw materials for continuous production.
The dry biogas fermentation process in the dry biogas fermentation device D4# comprises the following specific steps:
S1, crushing crop straws into raw materials with TS of 25%, C/N of 20 and concentration of 20%.
S2, 300 tons of raw materials are introduced into the tank body every day, the raw materials are continuously introduced for 17 days, and the stirring speed is 1 circle/min.
S3, fermenting the raw materials under anaerobic conditions and at 50 ℃, circularly injecting fluid under vacuum pressure of 30MPa, and mixing the fluid and the raw materials according to a ratio of 1: introducing the mixture into a tank body according to the proportion of 0.5 to generate methane and effluent.
S4, carrying out solid-liquid separation treatment on the effluent to obtain biogas slurry and biogas residue, and refluxing part of biogas slurry to the raw materials for continuous production.
The dry biogas fermentation devices 1# to 6# and D1# to D4# were tested and evaluated in terms of gas yield, gas quality, waste treatment degree and the like in the biogas production process by using the dry biogas fermentation process, and the obtained test and evaluation results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1
As shown in Table 1, the dry biogas fermentation devices No. 1-No. 6 have obviously higher biogas yield, higher volumetric biogas yield, low content of hydrogen sulfide in biogas and high biogas quality in the process of preparing biogas by using the dry biogas fermentation process. Compared with the biogas production rate, the volumetric gas production rate and the hydrogen sulfide content in the biogas fermentation devices D1# to D4# have obvious differences.
The TS concentration of the fermentation liquor is kept in a proper range, if the TS concentration is too high, methanogens cannot be fully utilized, the raw material crusting and the accumulation of a large amount of organic acid are easily caused, and the growth and propagation of biogas-producing flora are not facilitated, so that the fermentation is hindered; if the TS mass fraction is too small, the content of organic matters in unit volume is small, the gas yield is low, and the full utilization of the methane tank is not facilitated. In the application, the TS concentration in the process of preparing the biogas by the dry biogas fermentation devices 1# to 6# is maintained between 7.0% and 8.0%, the TS concentration of the comparison biogas fermentation devices D1# to D4# is between 3.0% and 6.0%, and the biogas yield of the dry biogas fermentation devices 1# to 6# is higher than that of the comparison biogas fermentation devices D1# to D4#.
As can be seen from Table 1, in the process of preparing methane by using the dry methane fermentation process and the dry methane fermentation devices No. 1-No. 6, the reflux amount of methane liquid is higher, the device can be continuously recycled, and the utilization rate is higher. Compared with the biogas fermentation devices D1# to D4#, the biogas slurry reflux quantity is lower, and the utilization rate is lower.
Generally, the higher the C/N ratio in the biogas residue, the higher the quality of organic matters in the biogas residue, and the higher the stability. Otherwise, the lower the C/N ratio is, the lower the quality of organic matters in the biogas residue is, and the stability is relatively weak. The C/N values of biogas residues in the process of preparing biogas by using the dry biogas fermentation process provided by the application through the dry biogas fermentation devices No. 1-No. 6 are higher than those of biogas residues in the comparison biogas fermentation devices D1-D4, so that the biogas residues obtained by adopting the device and the preparation process provided by the application have stable components, can be produced into high-quality biogas residues, can be prepared into organic fertilizers, realize zero emission and are harmless to the environment.
The foregoing is merely exemplary of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Various modifications and variations of the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. which come within the spirit and principles of the invention are to be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims (3)

1. A dry biogas fermentation apparatus, the apparatus comprising:
The tank body comprises a driving mechanism, a raw material processing cavity and two or more stirring mechanisms arranged on a vertical central shaft along the vertical direction, wherein the driving mechanism comprises a rotating motor, a gear motor and a rotating shaft, the rotating motor and the rotating shaft are arranged at the upper end of the tank body, the rotating shaft is arranged in the raw material processing cavity in the advancing direction of raw materials, the stirring mechanisms are arranged in a layered manner from top to bottom along the vertical direction, each stirring mechanism comprises a supporting arm, a connecting arm and two stirring teeth, the supporting arm is fixedly connected with the connecting arm, the connecting arm is arranged along the horizontal direction, two rows of stirring teeth with different lengths are arranged on the supporting arm along the direction crossing the horizontal direction, one end of the connecting arm is fixedly connected with the rotating shaft, the other end is fixedly connected to the position of the supporting arm 2/5-1/2, the included angle between the connecting arm and the supporting arm is 30-50 degrees, stirring teeth of two adjacent stirring mechanisms are staggered, the staggered position is 1/5-1/3 of the thickness of the upper layer material, the cross direction of one row of stirring teeth of each stirring mechanism can be a vertical direction which is in a horizontal direction and is in a clockwise direction of 80-90 degrees, the cross direction of the other row of stirring teeth can be a vertical direction which is in a counterclockwise direction of 80-90 degrees, the two rows of stirring teeth are symmetrically arranged in the horizontal direction, the length of the stirring teeth is 10-100 cm, the distance between the stirring teeth is 20-50 cm, and a plurality of through holes are further formed in the surface of the stirring teeth;
The material mixing unit comprises two or more material distribution openings arranged at the top of the tank body, a vacuum feeding mechanism connected with the two or more material distribution openings, and a material mixing pool connected with the vacuum feeding mechanism, wherein the vacuum feeding mechanism comprises a vacuum power component and a feeding pipeline connected with the vacuum power component and the material distribution openings respectively;
The vacuum circulation unit comprises a vacuum circulation pipeline and a vacuum power component which connect the lower part and the upper part of the raw material processing cavity;
The discharging unit comprises a scraper, a blanking plate, a discharging hole, a material conveying part and a discharging pool, wherein the scraper, the blanking plate and the discharging hole are arranged at the bottom of the tank body;
The solid-liquid separation unit is configured to be connected with the discharging tank and is used for carrying out solid-liquid separation on the effluent;
And the automatic control system is used for automatically controlling the driving mechanism and the vacuum power mechanism by monitoring the temperature and the pressure in the tank body in real time.
2. A dry biogas fermentation process using the dry biogas fermentation apparatus of claim 1, wherein the fermentation process comprises the steps of:
s1, crushing and mixing organic wastes with high dry matter content in a mixing pool to obtain a raw material;
S2, introducing the raw materials with the same mass into the tank body for slow stirring;
s3, fermenting the raw materials along the longitudinal layering direction, continuously injecting strains in the fluid, and fermenting under anaerobic conditions to generate methane and effluent;
S4, carrying out solid-liquid separation treatment on the effluent to obtain biogas slurry and biogas residue, and refluxing part of biogas slurry into the raw materials for continuous production;
The TS of the raw materials is more than or equal to 15%, the C/N is 25-35, and the humidity is 15-25%;
the fermentation temperature is 30-65 ℃ and the vacuum pressure is 2-20 MPa;
the strain in the fluid consists of methane bacteria generated in the device, and the ratio of the fluid to the raw materials is 1:0.1 to 1.
3. Use of a product obtained by using the dry biogas fermentation apparatus of claim 1 or by using the dry biogas fermentation process of any one of claims 2 in power generation, industrial fuels, high-fertility organic fertilizers.
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