CN117277616A - WPT anti-offset anti-deflection method and system based on rotating magnetic field coupling - Google Patents
WPT anti-offset anti-deflection method and system based on rotating magnetic field coupling Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
- H02J50/10—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling
- H02J50/12—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling of the resonant type
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
- H02J50/40—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using two or more transmitting or receiving devices
- H02J50/402—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using two or more transmitting or receiving devices the two or more transmitting or the two or more receiving devices being integrated in the same unit, e.g. power mats with several coils or antennas with several sub-antennas
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Abstract
The invention provides a WPT anti-offset anti-deflection method and system based on rotating magnetic field coupling, and relates to the field of physics. The method comprises the steps of constructing a WPT system, adopting two paths of inverters to respectively generate high-frequency voltage, and supplying the high-frequency voltage to a DQDD-CD coupling mechanism through an LCC-S resonance topology; loading orthogonal currents on a transmitting coil of the DQDD-CD coupling mechanism to enable the exciting magnetic field to periodically rotate, and enabling the DQDD-CD coupling mechanism to pick up the excited magnetic flux in a wide-range offset deflection position through a receiving coil; the two paths of energy channels respectively enter a rectifying circuit through a compensation capacitor, and finally provide electric energy for a load; the method comprises the steps of obtaining element configuration parameters of a resonant circuit and a system transmission energy efficiency expression based on a WPT system, and obtaining an LCC-S resonant element configuration method with optimal anti-deflection performance according to the expression. In addition, the invention also provides a WPT system based on the method, which has good anti-deflection and anti-deflection performance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of physics, in particular to a WPT anti-offset anti-deflection method and system based on rotating magnetic field coupling.
Background
The wireless power transmission (Wireless Power Transfer, WPT) technology realizes non-contact charging, and becomes a research hotspot in the field of electric automobile charging systems due to the advantages of no contact loss, convenience, flexibility, no influence of outdoor severe environment and the like. With the increasing demand of application occasions for parking location flexibility, the anti-deflection property of the WPT system becomes one of the research hotspots of the WPT. The anti-offset deflection characteristics of the coupling mechanism mainly include offset in the horizontal direction, offset in the vertical direction, and deflection. Both of these conditions affect the coupling coefficient between the transmit coil and the receive coil. Therefore, in order to enlarge the charging area, the WPT system is required to be insensitive to offset and deflection, and meanwhile, ensuring the stability of the pickup power of the vehicle-mounted receiving mechanism is a key problem to be solved in the WPT system of the electric automobile. In order to improve the deflection performance of WPT systems, three main approaches are adopted in the prior literature: the energy coupling channel is additionally arranged, the coupling magnetic field distribution space is optimized, and the resonance topology is configured. In the aspect of adding an energy coupling channel, the prior art obtains stable system output power by adding the energy coupling channels of a transmitting coil and a receiving coil. For example, the single-transmitting-single-receiving magnetic coupling mechanism based on the relay coil can reduce output efficiency and power fluctuation after the receiving mechanism is deviated. By adopting four magnetic coupling mechanisms based on single transmission-double reception, double transmission-single reception and three transmission-double reception, the power distribution strategy of the receiving end is optimized, the equivalent coupling coefficient of the system is improved, and the leakage magnetic flux of the offset position is reduced. The energy coupling channel is additionally arranged, so that a wider range of transmitting end excitation magnetic field can be obtained, and the anti-deflection property of the magnetic coupling mechanism is effectively improved. However, the optimization of the prior art is mainly reflected in the transverse and longitudinal anti-deflection performance, and cannot be achieved in a plurality of directions. In the aspect of optimizing the spatial distribution of the coupling magnetic field, the anti-offset capability of the coupling mechanism can be improved aiming at the optimization of the dimensional parameters of the coil and the magnetic core and the excitation mode of the transmitting coil, so that the system can keep stable mutual inductance when the receiving end deflects in an offset manner. For example, the overall dimension of the DD (Double-D, DD) ferrite magnetic conduction mechanism and the placement between the DD and the coil are optimized, the magnetic resistance of a mutual coupling area is reduced, and a higher coupling coefficient is obtained. In the prior art, a flat spiral mechanism (Flat Solenoid Coupler, FSP) and an orthogonal Double-spiral coupling mechanism (Double-Solenoid Duadrature Pad, DSQP) are also provided, the change rule of the coupling magnetic field distribution in the migration process is analyzed, the size parameters of the coils and the magnetic cores of the transmitting end and the receiving end are optimized, and excellent anti-migration performance is obtained. The three coupling mechanisms improve the spatial distribution density of the exciting magnetic field of the transmitting coil and optimize the path of the magnetic flux picked up by the receiving coil, but still have the anti-deflection and anti-deflection performances. In terms of resonant topology configuration, in order to realize stability of system output characteristics at offset deflection positions, two main ways are adopted in the prior art: (1) adjusting element parameters of the resonance topology; (2) the topology is transformed. The variable capacitor and the variable inductor are controlled based on the switching duty ratio; the influence of the coupling mechanism offset on the stability of the transmission power is overcome by using the form conversion between the third-order resonance topology (LCC, LCL) and the S resonance topology. However, due to lack of analysis basis for the wireless transmission system, the system is not suitable for rotating magnetic field coupling, so that the anti-offset deflection performance is poor, and further optimization is required. In summary, there is a need for a wireless transmission method and system that can accommodate coupling of rotating magnetic fields, and that has both good anti-offset and anti-deflection properties.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a WPT anti-offset anti-deflection method and system based on rotating magnetic field coupling, which can be suitable for rotating magnetic field coupling and have good anti-offset and anti-deflection performances.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the WPT anti-offset anti-deflection method based on rotating magnetic field coupling comprises the steps of constructing a WPT system, wherein the WPT system adopts two paths of inverters to respectively generate high-frequency voltages, and supplies the high-frequency voltages to a DQDD-CD coupling mechanism through an LCC-S resonance topology; loading orthogonal current on a transmitting coil of the DQDD-CD coupling mechanism to enable the exciting magnetic field to periodically rotate, and picking up the excited magnetic flux in a wide-range deflection position by a receiving coil; the two paths of energy channels respectively enter a rectifying circuit through a compensation capacitor, and finally provide electric energy for a load; and obtaining element configuration parameters and a system transmission energy efficiency expression of the resonant circuit based on the WPT system, and obtaining the LCC-S resonant element configuration method with optimal anti-offset deflection performance according to the element configuration parameters and the system transmission energy efficiency expression.
The orthogonal current is loaded on the transmitting coil of the DQDD-CD coupling mechanism to enable the exciting magnetic field to periodically rotate, and the DQDD-CD coupling mechanism picks up the exciting magnetic flux through the receiving coil under a wide range of offset deflection positions, and the method is realized by the following steps: the transmitting coil is two pairs of decoupling DD coils which are arranged in a double-layer orthogonal mode, and the receiving coil is two groups of flat dipole coils which are arranged in an orthogonal mode.
Obtaining element configuration parameters of a resonant circuit and a system transmission energy efficiency expression based on the WPT system comprises the following steps: and establishing the action rules of three types of characteristic parameters, namely coiling, position and size of the coupling mechanism, on the mutual inductance and the coupling coefficient through the system transmission energy efficiency expression, and giving out characteristic parameter values of the transmitting and receiving mechanism corresponding to the maximum coupling coefficient serving as the maximum expected value.
The LCC-S resonance topology comprises a primary side compensation inductance, a primary side parallel compensation capacitance, a primary side series capacitance, a secondary side series resonance capacitance, a transmitting coil self-inductance and a receiving coil self-inductance; the output of the inverter is connected with the primary side compensation inductance and the primary side parallel compensation capacitance in series on any way; the primary side parallel compensation capacitor is connected in parallel with the primary side series capacitor, the transmitting coil self-inductance and the transmitting coil/receiving coil series structure of the DQDD-CD coupling mechanism; the DQDD-CD coupling mechanism, the self inductance of the receiving coil, and the secondary series resonant capacitor are connected in series with an input of the rectifying circuit.
Obtaining element configuration parameters of a resonant circuit and a system transmission energy efficiency expression based on the WPT system comprises the following steps:
if the amplitudes of the exciting currents of the transmitting coils p1 and p2 are the same and the phase difference is alpha, the inverter outputs a current I 1 、I 2 The expression of (2) is:
since the transmitting coils p1 and p2 are orthogonal, magnetomotive force f generated by the coils DD1 、f DD2 Expressed as:
in θ s As a reference space angle, ω is the angular frequency of the system; wherein, the two groups of DD coils have the same structure and turns, so F DD1 ＝F DD2 Then the magnetomotive force f is synthesized φ The method comprises the following steps:
f φ ＝f DD1 +f DD2 ＝F DD1 [cosωtcosθ s -cos(ωt+α)sinθ s ] (3)；
when the excitation currents of the transmitting coils p1, p2 are out of phase by 90 °, i.e., α=90°, the resultant magnetomotive force at this time is:
f φ ＝F DD1 cos(ωt-θ s ) (4)；
the magnetic potential synthesized by the two-pole magnetic fields is obtained by the formula (4), is periodically and rotationally distributed at the angular frequency omega, and has equal amplitude.
Optionally, obtaining element configuration parameters of the resonant circuit and a system transmission energy efficiency expression based on the WPT system further includes:
when the duty ratio of the two groups of inverters is 50%, the two inverters generate high-frequency alternating-current voltage U with 90 degrees of phase difference by adopting fundamental wave approximation analysis 1 、U 2 Expressed as:
in U dc Input direct current voltages of the two groups of inverters;
the KVL equation for the LCC-S resonant topology is as follows:
wherein I is p1 、I p2 Input current for two energy channels, I S1 、I S2 For two energy channels of output current, U pij 、U sij (i=1, 2; j=1, 2) is the induced voltage, X, generated by each mutual inductance of the DQDD-CD coupling mechanism Lfp1 、X Lp1 、X Ls1 To correspond to the inductance of the resonant inductance, X Cfp1 、X Cp1 、X Cs1 、X Cfp2 、X Cp2 、X Cs2 R is the capacitance reactance of the corresponding resonant capacitor 1 、R 2 For equivalent load resistance, L of the loop in which the receiving coils s1 and s2 are located p1 、L p2 Self-inductance for the corresponding transmitting coil;
obtained from equation (6):
wherein L is fpi Representing the self-inductance of the i-th primary side resonant inductance, L pi Representing the self-inductance of the ith transmit coil，L sj Representing the self-inductance of the jth receiving coil, X Lsj Reactance, X, representing self-inductance of receiving coil Cpi Capacitive reactance representing the i-th transmitting end parallel resonance capacitor, C fpi Representing the capacitance value, X, of the i-th transmitting end parallel resonance capacitor Cpi Capacitive reactance representing series resonance capacitance of ith transmitting end, C pi Representing the capacitance value of the series resonance capacitor of the ith transmitting end, C sj Representing the capacitance value of the series resonance capacitor of the j-th receiving end;
the LCC-S resonant element parameter configuration method is expressed as follows:
from equations (6) to (8), each loop current is obtained:
wherein, mp1s1 and Mp2s2 are the opposite mutual inductance of the transmitting coil, mp1s2 and Mp2s1 are the cross coupling mutual inductance, mp1p2 and Ms1s2 are the same-side coil coupling mutual inductance;
equivalent load resistance R of loop where receiving coils s1 and s2 are located 1 、R 2 Expressed as:
wherein R is eq The equivalent resistance of the post-stage circuit at the rectifying input end;
wherein A, B is an intermediate variable, expressed as:
combining (9), (10) and (11) to obtain a system output voltage U o I.e. resistive load R L Terminal voltage of (2):
the output power of the loop where the two groups of dipole coils are positioned is obtained as follows:
wherein r is 1 、r 3 For transmitting coil p 1 、p 2 Internal resistance r of 2 、r 4 For receiving coil s 1 、s 2 Internal resistance of (2);
the total output power of the system is as follows:
obtaining element configuration parameters of a resonant circuit and a system transmission energy efficiency expression based on the WPT system, and further comprising:
combining (14), obtaining a system transmission efficiency expression as follows:
wherein each intermediate variable expression:
according to equations (12) and (16), the input-output voltage gain G is derived v The expression is:
wherein:
wherein R is L Is a resistive load.
Obtaining element configuration parameters of a resonant circuit and a system transmission energy efficiency expression based on the WPT system, and further comprising: under the condition that the coil of the transmitting terminal and the coil of the receiving terminal meet the decoupling condition, the transmission performance of the double-transmitting-double-receiving type coupling mechanism adopts the equivalent coupling coefficient k eff Description of:
in the formula Su s1 、Su s2 Representing the pickup capacity of the receiver coil, VA P1 、VA P2 Representing the capacity of the transmission coil to transmit; vo (Vo) c1 、Vo c2 Is for receiving the open circuit voltage of the coil c1 、Is c2 For receiving short-circuit current of coil, V p1 、V p2 For the terminal voltage of the transmitting coil, I p1 、I p2 Exciting current for the transmitting coil; wherein the receiving coil picks up the volume Su s1 、Su s2 And transmitting coil transmission capacity VA P1 、VA P2 Described by the mutual inductance model:
wherein, the transmitting coil self-inductance L is due to the symmetrical parameters of the coils at the same side of the DQDD-CD coupling mechanism p1 ＝L p2 Receiving coil self-inductance L s1 ＝L s2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Deriving the combined type (19) and (20):
wherein M is eff Equivalent mutual inductance of the coupling mechanism; according to K eff And optimizing the size parameters of the coil and the magnetic core of the transmitting end and the receiving end to obtain the optimal anti-offset performance.
A WPT anti-offset anti-deflection system based on rotating magnetic field coupling, which comprises a WPT system and an element configuration analysis optimizing unit; the WPT system comprises two paths of inverters, an LCC-S resonance topology, a DQDD-CD coupling mechanism and two paths of rectifying circuits; two paths of the inverters are used for respectively generating high-frequency voltages and supplying the high-frequency voltages to the DQDD-CD coupling mechanism through the LCC-S resonance topology; the DQDD-CD coupling mechanism is used for loading orthogonal current on the transmitting coil to enable the exciting magnetic field to periodically rotate, picking up the excited magnetic flux at a large-range deflection position through the receiving coil, and enabling the magnetic flux to enter one of the rectifying circuits through the compensating capacitors respectively to finally provide electric energy for a load; the element configuration analysis optimizing unit obtains element configuration parameters of the resonant circuit and a system transmission energy efficiency expression based on the WPT system, and obtains an LCC-S resonant element configuration method with optimal anti-deflection performance according to the element configuration parameters and the system transmission energy efficiency expression.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has at least the following advantages or beneficial effects:
the application provides a WPT anti-offset anti-deflection method and system based on rotating magnetic field coupling, wherein the wireless transmission system constructs LCC-S resonance topology based on a double-path inverter-double-path rectifier, an exciting magnetic field is periodically rotated by loading orthogonal current on a DD transmitting coil, and a CD receiving coil can fully pick up the excited magnetic flux at a large-range offset deflection position. Deducing element configuration parameters of the resonant circuit and a system transmission energy efficiency expression, and obtaining the resonant circuit element configuration method with optimal anti-offset deflection performance according to the expression.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and other related drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a structural diagram of a rotating magnetic field coupling WPT system in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a rotating magnetic field type coupling mechanism for DQDD-CD according to example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a winding method of the DQDD coil in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a top view of the resultant magnetic induction of example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a YOZ-plane magnetic field distribution plot of the DQDD-CD coupling mechanism according to example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the LCC-S resonant topology of example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 7 shows the rule of the action of the parameters to be optimized at the transmitting end in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a rule of the function of the parameters to be optimized at the receiving end in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1 to 8, fig. 1 to 8 are schematic diagrams of a WPT anti-offset and anti-deflection method and a WPT anti-deflection system based on rotating magnetic field coupling according to an embodiment of the present application. The WPT anti-offset anti-deflection method based on rotating magnetic field coupling comprises the steps of constructing a WPT system, wherein the WPT system adopts two paths of inverters to respectively generate high-frequency voltage, and supplies the high-frequency voltage to an DQDD-CD coupling mechanism through an LCC-S resonance topology; loading orthogonal current on a transmitting coil of the DQDD-CD coupling mechanism to enable the exciting magnetic field to periodically rotate, and picking up the excited magnetic flux in a wide-range deflection position by a receiving coil; the two paths of energy channels respectively enter a rectifying circuit through a compensation capacitor, and finally provide electric energy for a load; and obtaining element configuration parameters and a system transmission energy efficiency expression of the resonant circuit based on the WPT system, and obtaining the LCC-S resonant element configuration method with optimal anti-offset deflection performance according to the element configuration parameters and the system transmission energy efficiency expression.
The orthogonal current is loaded on the transmitting coil of the DQDD-CD coupling mechanism to enable the exciting magnetic field to periodically rotate, and the DQDD-CD coupling mechanism picks up the exciting magnetic flux through the receiving coil under a wide range of offset deflection positions, and the method is realized by the following steps: the transmitting coil is two pairs of decoupling DD coils which are arranged in a double-layer orthogonal mode, and the receiving coil is two groups of flat dipole coils which are arranged in an orthogonal mode.
The system is characterized in that a transmitting mechanism adopts a Double-layer Quadrature DD (DQDD) coil, and a receiving mechanism adopts a Cross Dipole (CD) coil. The DQDD transmitting coil consists of two pairs of decoupling DD coils which are arranged in a double-layer orthogonal manner, and the CD receiving coil consists of two groups of flat dipole coils which are arranged in an orthogonal manner. Fig. 2 (a) shows a rotating magnetic field type coupling mechanism of DQDD-CD according to the present embodiment. The transmitting end DQDD coil is composed of two groups of DD coils and a square magnetic core which are orthogonally stacked, wherein the dimension of each D coil is the same; the receiving end CD coil consists of two groups of dipole coils and a magnetic core which are in the same layer in an orthogonal mode, wherein the size of each flat spiral coil is the same, and a square shielding aluminum plate is respectively arranged at the bottom of the transmitting end and the top of the receiving end. Fig. 2 (b) shows the stacking sequence of the magnetic coupling mechanisms.
Obtaining element configuration parameters of a resonant circuit and a system transmission energy efficiency expression based on the WPT system comprises the following steps: and establishing the action rules of three types of characteristic parameters, namely coiling, position and size of the coupling mechanism, on the mutual inductance and the coupling coefficient through the system transmission energy efficiency expression, and giving out characteristic parameter values of the transmitting and receiving mechanism corresponding to the maximum coupling coefficient serving as the maximum expected value.
Fig. 3 (a) shows a winding method of the DQDD coil. The winding directions of the D coils on the two sides of the same layer are opposite, and the head ends and the tail ends of the D coils are connected with each other; the receiving mechanism CD coil is formed by winding two sets of dipole coils with cross magnetic strips, and the dipole coils are formed by serially connecting two flat spiral coils wound in the same direction, as shown in fig. 3 (b). The two layers of DD coils in the DQDD transmitting coil are orthogonally placed and the reverse winding of the coaxial D coils of the same layer is used for realizing the mutual decoupling of the two layers of DD coils. Because the magnetic flux excited by one DD coil and entering the other DD coil is approximately equal to the corresponding penetrating component, the coupling net magnetic flux between the two DD coils is approximately zero; in addition, the induced voltages generated by the residual net magnetic flux in the same-layer D coil cancel each other, so that the coupling of the two-layer DD coils is further weakened. Secondly, the mutual decoupling of the two layers of DD coils means that the excitation currents of the two coils have no influence on each other so that independent control can be realized, thereby reducing the computational complexity of the compensation element and the control complexity of the system output. The orthogonal placement and reverse winding adopted by the DQDD transmitting coil enable the DQDD transmitting coil to obtain a rotating magnetic field in a coupling space. The receiving end CD coil adopts a flat window to fully pick up the horizontal component of the coupling magnetic field, and the coaxial homodromous series winding can realize superposition of the magnetic flux induction potential. The CD coil is not wound to the crossover region of the cross-type magnetic flux mechanism in order to provide a magnetic flux path in the event of offset deflection, thereby ensuring high retention of the pick-up magnetic flux.
The dimensions of the various components of the DQDD-CD coupling mechanism are related to the anti-deflection capabilities of the coupling mechanism. Wherein, the coaxial DD coil interval d of the transmitting mechanism 1 And core length W 3 Determining the coverage area of the rotating magnetic field; the thickness of the magnetic core of the magnetic conduction mechanism determines the penetrating magnetic flux density; the length of the core of the receiving means and the winding length of the coil thereof are related to the pickable range of the coupling magnetic field. In addition, the optimization parameters of the coupling mechanism are required to be balanced with weight, volume, finished products on the market and overall cost. Setting partial size parameters of a DQDD coil of a transmitting mechanism by referring to related standards GB/T38775 and IEC 61980 of an electric automobile WPT system: w (W) 5 ＝300mm，W 7 ＝150mm，d 2 =130 mm. Litz wire diameter h used 3 =3 mm, the number of turns n=19, thus W 6 ＝186mm，W 8 =36 mm. DQDD coil W 2 ＝300mm+d 1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Aluminum plate dimension W 1 ＝W 2 +70mm. The first and second columns of table 1 below show the dimensional parameters and optimization ranges of the magnetic coupling mechanism to be optimized.
TABLE 1
The LCC-S resonance topology comprises a primary side compensation inductance L fp1 、L fp2 Primary side parallel compensation capacitor and primary side series capacitor C fp1 、C fp2 Secondary side series resonant capacitor C s1 、C s2 Self-inductance L of transmitting coil p1 、L p2 Receiving coil self-inductance L s1 、L s2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The output of the inverter is connected with the primary side compensation inductance and the primary side parallel compensation capacitance in series on any way; the primary side parallel compensation capacitor is connected in parallel with the primary side series capacitor, the transmitting coil self-inductance and the transmitting coil/receiving coil series structure of the DQDD-CD coupling mechanism; the DQDD-CD coupling mechanism, the self inductance of the receiving coil, and the secondary series resonant capacitor are connected in series with an input of the rectifying circuit.
As shown in FIG. 1, the structure diagram of the rotating magnetic field coupling type WPT system is shown in FIG. 1, wherein I-IV are respectively two groups of parallel full-bridge inverters, LCC-S resonance topology, DQDD-CD magnetic coupling mechanism and two groups of series rectifying and filtering circuits. The system utilizes two paths of independent high-frequency inverters to generate high-frequency alternating-current voltage U with 90-degree phase difference 1 、U 2 And the electric energy is picked up by the transmitting coil of the DQDD-CD coupling mechanism through the LCC resonance topology by the generated rotating magnetic field receiving coil, and then enters the rectifying circuit through the compensating capacitor, and finally the electric energy is provided for the load. M in the DQDD-CD magnetic coupling mechanism p1s1 、M p2s2 For the transmitting coil to face the mutual inductance, M p1s2 、M p2s1 For cross-coupling mutual inductance, M p1p2 、M s1s2 For mutual inductance of same-side coil coupling, U oi 、I si Output voltage and current for two energy channels, C o1 、C o2 Is the filter capacitor of the rectifying circuit, U o Is equivalent to a resistive load R L Is a terminal voltage of (a).
In order to make the exciting current of the DQDD transmitting coil independent of the relative position of the pick-up mechanism, and the output voltage is not influenced by the equivalent resistance of the load, an LCC-S resonance topology is established for the DQDD-CD coupling mechanism. FIG. 6 contains the LCC-S resonant circuit of the equivalent mutual inductance model of the DQDD-CD coupling mechanism, omitting the parasitic resistances of the inductor and capacitor for simplicity of analysis.
Obtaining resonance based on the WPT systemElement configuration parameters of the circuit and a system transmission energy efficiency expression, comprising: if the amplitudes of the excitation currents of the transmitting coils p1 and p2 are the same and the phase difference is alpha, the inverter outputs a current I 1 、I 2 The expression of (2) is:
since the transmitting coils p1 and p2 are orthogonal, magnetomotive force f generated by the coils DD1 、f DD2 Expressed as:
in θ s As a reference space angle, ω is the angular frequency of the system; wherein, the two groups of DD coils have the same structure and turns, so F DD1 ＝F DD2 Then the magnetomotive force f is synthesized φ The method comprises the following steps:
when the excitation currents of the above-mentioned transmitting coils p1, p2 are out of phase by 90 °, i.e., α=90°, the resultant magnetomotive force at this time is:
f φ ＝F DD1 cos(ωt-θ s ) (4)；
the magnetic potential synthesized by the two-pole magnetic fields is obtained by the formula (4), is periodically and rotationally distributed at the angular frequency omega, and has equal amplitude. Therefore, the magnetic induction B excited by the DQDD transmitting coil in the coupling space also has a rotating characteristic, and a top view of the resultant magnetic induction is shown in fig. 4.
Obtaining element configuration parameters of a resonant circuit and a system transmission energy efficiency expression based on the WPT system, and further comprising: when the duty ratio of the two groups of inverters is 50%, the two inverters generate high-frequency alternating-current voltage U with 90 degrees of phase difference by adopting fundamental wave approximation analysis 1 、U 2 Expressed as:
in U dc Input direct current voltages of the two groups of inverters; the KVL equation for LCC-S resonant topology is as follows:
obtained from equation (6):
the LCC-S resonant element parameter configuration method is expressed as follows:
from equations (6) to (8), each loop current is obtained:
wherein, mp1s1 and Mp2s2 are the opposite mutual inductance of the transmitting coil, mp1s2 and Mp2s1 are the cross coupling mutual inductance, mp1p2 and Ms1s2 are the same-side coil coupling mutual inductance; equivalent load resistance R of loop where receiving coils s1 and s2 are located 1 、R 2 Expressed as:
wherein A, B is expressed as:
combined with (9), (10) and(11) Obtaining the system output voltage U o I.e. the terminal voltage of the resistive load RL:
the output power of the loop where the two groups of dipole coils are positioned is obtained as follows:
the total output power of the system is as follows:
due to the high-resistance effect of LCC resonance topology on harmonic waves, a fundamental wave approximation method is adopted in the analysis process of the transmission characteristics of the system. As can be seen from equation (9), the excitation current of the two transmit coils is equal to U only when the operating frequency is kept unchanged dc And L fpi And the switch is irrelevant to the load and the mutual inductance, and the independent control characteristic of two paths of exciting currents is realized. If L fp1 ＝L fp2 The two paths have equal amplitude, the excitation current phase is always different by 90 degrees, and the excitation current condition required by the coupling mechanism is satisfied. As can be seen from equations (5) and (9), the input impedance of the circuit is purely resistive, and therefore the input reactive power is zero. R is R 1 And R is R 2 Power consumed and R L The power consumed above is the same, whereby the formula (10) is obtained. From equation (12), the output voltage U 0 And the load R L Independent of U dc 、L fp1 And the relative position of the transmit-receive coil. Further consider the influence of the internal resistance of the coil on the transmission power, let r be 1 、r 3 For transmitting coil p 1 、p 2 Internal resistance r of 2 、r 4 For receiving coil s 1 、s 2 The output power of the loop in which the two dipole-type coils are located can be obtained from the internal resistance of the circuit. As can be seen from equation (15), maximizing the transmission efficiency means that ρ0 has a lower limit value. I.e. receiving coilInternal resistance r 2 As close as possible to the transmitter coil r 1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the After the winding of the receiving and transmitting coil is completed, the transmission efficiency eta depends on the load R L . From the above (15), the optimum load R corresponding to the maximum efficiency can be derived L . From equation (17), the voltage gain G v And Q is equal to 0 In inverse proportion, this illustrates that where high voltage gain is required, as small Q as possible should be configured 0 。
Obtaining element configuration parameters of a resonant circuit and a system transmission energy efficiency expression based on the WPT system, and further comprising: combining (14), obtaining a system transmission efficiency expression as follows:
wherein:
according to equations (12) and (16), the input-output voltage gain G is derived v The expression is:
wherein:
obtaining element configuration parameters of a resonant circuit and a system transmission energy efficiency expression based on the WPT system, and further comprising: under the condition that the coil of the transmitting terminal and the coil of the receiving terminal meet the decoupling condition, the transmission performance of the double-transmitting-double-receiving type coupling mechanism adopts the equivalent coupling coefficient k eff Description of:
in the formula Su s1 、Su s2 Representing the pickup capacity of the receiver coil, VA P1 、VA P2 Representing the capacity of the transmission coil to transmit; vo (Vo) c1 、Vo c2 Is for receiving the open circuit voltage of the coil c1 、Is c2 For receiving short-circuit current of coil, V p1 、V p2 For the terminal voltage of the transmitting coil, I p1 、I p2 Exciting current for the transmitting coil; wherein the receiving coil picks up the volume Su s1 、Su s2 And transmitting coil transmission capacity VA P1 、VA P2 Described by the mutual inductance model:
wherein, the transmitting coil self-inductance L is due to the symmetrical parameters of the coils at the same side of the DQDD-CD coupling mechanism p1 ＝L p2 Receiving coil self-inductance L s1 ＝L s2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Deriving the combined type (19) and (20):
wherein M is eff Equivalent mutual inductance of the coupling mechanism; according to K eff And optimizing the size parameters of the coil and the magnetic core of the transmitting end and the receiving end to obtain the optimal anti-offset performance.
The power transfer capability of a WPT system coupling mechanism is often evaluated by the magnitude of the coupling coefficient k value. In the same size and different types of coupling mechanisms, the larger the k value is, the better the transmission power performance of the mechanism is. Under the condition that the coil of the transmitting end and the coil of the receiving terminal meet the decoupling condition, the transmission performance of the coupling mechanism in the form of double transmitting and double receiving can adopt an equivalent coupling coefficient K eff To describe. In the formula (21), K eff The simulation value of (2) can be obtained by a finite element analysis tool, and the coil and magnetic core size parameters of the transmitting end and the receiving end are optimized according to the simulation value, so that the optimal anti-offset performance is obtained.
The YOZ planar magnetic field distribution of the DQDD-CD coupling mechanism is shown in FIG. 5. Under the condition of fixed excitation magnetomotive force, when the deflection of the receiving mechanism is in the range of W3/5, the coupling magnetic field in flat distribution and the flat wound coaxial dipole receiving coil enable the pick-up magnetic flux to be maintained at a higher density in the range of W3/5 deflection, as shown in fig. 5 (a); when the receiving means is shifted out of the W3/5 range, the pick-up magnetic flux density of the D coil on the right side of the receiving means is reduced as shown in fig. 5 (b), and at this time, the crossing region of the cross-shaped magnetic conductive means provides a coupling main path to shorten the coupling magnetic path, whereby the pick-up magnetic flux density of the D coil on the left side of the receiving means is increased, and the complementary effect of the pick-up magnetic fluxes on the left and right side of the D coil is slowed down by the "cancel each other". The rotation distribution characteristic of the coupling magnetic field and the orthogonal winding method of the CD coil of the receiving mechanism can maintain the pick-up magnetic flux at a higher density under any deflection angle under the condition that the receiving mechanism deflects.
In the test, FIG. 7 shows the rule of action of the parameters to be optimized of the transmitting end, wherein FIG. 7 (a) shows the coaxial DD coil spacing d of the transmitting end 1 And a relation curve of self inductance, mutual inductance and equivalent coupling coefficient of the transmitting coil and the receiving coil. From the figure, it can be seen that with d 1 Is increased, the self-inductance L of the transmitting coil pi Is always in a descending trend, and the receiving coil is self-induced L sj Gradually stabilizing after fluctuation of +/-5 mu H; mutual inductance M p1s1 、M p2s2 And K is equal to eff The curve is in a trend of 'rising and falling', and the turning point is at d 1 When=28.6%. In order to realize better transmission power performance and smaller coil terminal voltage of the coupling mechanism, the coaxial DD coil interval d is selected 1 =28.6%. I.e. d 1 ＝120mm。
FIG. 8 shows the rule of action of the parameters to be optimized at the receiving end, and FIG. 8 (a) shows that the length W of the magnetic core is as follows 12 Increase in K eff The curve tends to increase and then decrease slowly when the length of the magnetic core W 12 Normalized value is 95.23%, K eff Up to a maximum of 0.146. As can be seen from FIG. 8 (b), the width W of the core cross section 4 Increase in K eff First increases rapidly and then becomes gentle, when the length W of the magnetic core 4 K is 23.1% of normalized value eff Up to 0.147. As can be seen from FIG. 8 (c), with h 4 Increase K of (2) eff The curve tends to flatten. As can be seen from a combination of FIGS. 8 (b) and (c), as the cross-sectional area of the core of the receiver increases, K eff Will tend to stabilize. As can be seen from FIG. 8 (d), K eff With W 10 Is increased because the pick-up flux is linear with the coil length. Based on the magnetic core size and K of FIG. 8 eff And taking the compactness, weight and cost of the vehicle-mounted receiving end mechanism into consideration, and selecting the length W of the ferrite core according to the relationship 12 =390 mm, cross-sectional width W 4 =90 mm, thickness h 4 Length of coil W =10 mm 10 ＝142mm。
The test result can be used for verifying the anti-deflection performance and the system transmission energy efficiency of the DQDD-CD magnetic coupling mechanism in the range of 50% (+/-150 mm) horizontal deflection and 0-90 DEG vertical deflection by constructing a 500W experimental prototype with the transmission interval of 130mm. The optimization results are comprehensively considered, the overall dimension parameters of the coupling mechanism are listed in table 2, and the adopted parameters are the basis of subsequent anti-deflection performance analysis and experimental verification.
TABLE 2
Example 2
The WPT anti-offset anti-deflection system based on rotating magnetic field coupling comprises a WPT system and an element configuration analysis optimization unit; the WPT system comprises two paths of inverters, an LCC-S resonance topology, a DQDD-CD coupling mechanism and two paths of rectifying circuits; two paths of the inverters are used for respectively generating high-frequency voltages and supplying the high-frequency voltages to the DQDD-CD coupling mechanism through the LCC-S resonance topology; the DQDD-CD coupling mechanism is used for loading orthogonal current on the transmitting coil to enable the exciting magnetic field to periodically rotate, picking up the excited magnetic flux at a large-range deflection position through the receiving coil, and enabling the magnetic flux to enter one of the rectifying circuits through the compensating capacitors respectively to finally provide electric energy for a load; the element configuration analysis optimizing unit obtains element configuration parameters of the resonant circuit and a system transmission energy efficiency expression based on the WPT system, and obtains an LCC-S resonant element configuration method with optimal anti-deflection performance according to the element configuration parameters and the system transmission energy efficiency expression.
The principle of the embodiment of the present application is the same as that of embodiment 1, and the description is not necessarily repeated here. The WPT anti-deflection system based on rotating magnetic field coupling may also have more or fewer components, each of which may be implemented in hardware, software, or a combination thereof.
In summary, the WPT anti-offset and anti-deflection method and system based on rotating magnetic field coupling provided in the embodiments of the present application are as follows: by loading orthogonal currents on the DQDD transmit coil such that the excitation magnetic field is periodically rotated, the CD receive coil can adequately pick up the excited magnetic flux at a wide range of offset deflection positions. And the action rules of three types of characteristic parameters, namely winding, position and size of the coupling mechanism, on mutual inductance and coupling coefficients are established, and the characteristic parameter values of the transmitting and receiving mechanisms corresponding to the maximum coupling coefficient serving as the maximum expected value are given. The mutual inductance and coupling coefficient change rule of the DQDD-CD coupling mechanism at the deflection position is analyzed, the LCC-S resonance topology based on the double-path inverter-double-path rectifier is constructed, and element configuration parameters of the resonance circuit and the system transmission energy efficiency expression are deduced.
The foregoing description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present application and is not intended to limit the same, but rather, various modifications and variations may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. A WPT anti-offset anti-deflection method based on rotating magnetic field coupling is characterized by comprising the following steps of,
constructing a WPT system, wherein the WPT system adopts two paths of inverters to respectively generate high-frequency voltage and supplies the high-frequency voltage to a DQDD-CD coupling mechanism through an LCC-S resonance topology; loading orthogonal currents on a transmitting coil of the DQDD-CD coupling mechanism to enable the exciting magnetic field to periodically rotate, and picking up the excited magnetic flux in a wide range of deflection positions by a receiving coil; the two paths of energy channels respectively enter a rectifying circuit through a compensation capacitor, and finally provide electric energy for a load;
and obtaining element configuration parameters and a system transmission energy efficiency expression of the resonant circuit based on the WPT system, and obtaining the LCC-S resonant element configuration method with optimal anti-offset deflection performance according to the element configuration parameters and the system transmission energy efficiency expression.
2. The rotating magnetic field coupling-based WPT anti-offset anti-deflection method of claim 1, wherein loading orthogonal currents on the transmit coils of the DQDD-CD coupling mechanism causes the excitation magnetic field to periodically rotate, the DQDD-CD coupling mechanism picking up the excited magnetic flux through the receive coils at a wide range of offset deflection positions by: the transmitting coils are two pairs of decoupling DD coils which are arranged in a double-layer orthogonal mode, and the receiving coils are two groups of flat dipole coils which are arranged in an orthogonal mode.
3. The WPT anti-offset and anti-deflection method based on rotating magnetic field coupling of claim 1, wherein obtaining element configuration parameters of a resonant circuit and a system transmission energy efficiency expression based on the WPT system comprises: and establishing the action rules of three types of characteristic parameters, namely coiling, position and size of the coupling mechanism, on the mutual inductance and the coupling coefficient through the system transmission energy efficiency expression, and giving out characteristic parameter values of the transmitting and receiving mechanism corresponding to the maximum coupling coefficient serving as a maximum expected value.
4. The rotating magnetic field coupling-based WPT anti-offset and anti-deflection method of claim 1, wherein the LCC-S resonant topology includes primary side compensation inductance, primary side parallel compensation capacitance, primary side series capacitance, secondary side series resonance capacitance, transmit coil self inductance, receive coil self inductance; the output of any one of the inverters is connected in series with the primary side compensation inductance and the primary side parallel compensation capacitance; the primary side parallel compensation capacitor is connected in parallel with the primary side series capacitor, the transmitting coil self-inductance and the transmitting coil/receiving coil series structure of the DQDD-CD coupling mechanism; the DQDD-CD coupling mechanism, the receiving coil self inductance and the secondary side series resonance capacitor are connected with one path of input of the rectifying circuit in series.
5. The WPT anti-offset and anti-deflection method based on rotating magnetic field coupling of claim 1, wherein obtaining element configuration parameters of a resonant circuit and a system transmission energy efficiency expression based on the WPT system comprises:
if the amplitudes of the exciting currents of the transmitting coils p1 and p2 are the same and the phase difference is alpha, the inverter outputs a current I 1 、I 2 The expression of (2) is:
since the transmitting coils p1 and p2 are orthogonal, magnetomotive force f generated by the coils DD1 、f DD2 Expressed as:
in θ s As a reference space angle, ω is the angular frequency of the system; wherein, the two groups of DD coils have the same structure and turns, so F DD1 ＝F DD2 Then the magnetomotive force f is synthesized φ The method comprises the following steps:
f φ ＝f DD1 +f DD2 ＝F DD1 [cosωtcosθ s -cos(ωt+α)sinθ s ] (3)；
when the excitation currents of the transmitting coils p1, p2 are out of phase by 90 °, i.e., α=90°, the resultant magnetomotive force at this time is:
f φ ＝F DD1 cos(ωt-θ s ) (4)；
the magnetic potential synthesized by the two-pole magnetic fields is obtained by the formula (4), is periodically and rotationally distributed at the angular frequency omega, and has equal amplitude.
6. The rotating magnetic field coupling based WPT anti-offset and anti-deflection method of claim 5, wherein component configuration parameters of a resonant circuit and a system transmission energy efficiency expression are obtained based on the WPT system, further comprising:
when the duty ratio of the two groups of inverters is 50%, the two inverters generate high-frequency alternating-current voltage U with 90 degrees of phase difference by adopting fundamental wave approximation analysis 1 、U 2 Expressed as:
in U dc Input direct current voltages of the two groups of inverters;
the KVL equation for the LCC-S resonant topology is as follows:
wherein I is p1 、I p2 Input current for two energy channels, I S1 、I S2 For two energy channels of output current, U pij 、U sij (i=1, 2; j=1, 2) is the induced voltage, X, generated by each mutual inductance of the DQDD-CD coupling mechanism Lfp1 、X Lp1 、X Ls1 To correspond to the inductance of the resonant inductance, X Cfp1 、X Cp1 、X Cs1 、X Cfp2 、X Cs2 、X Cs2 R is the capacitance reactance of the corresponding resonant capacitor 1 、R 2 For equivalent load resistance, L of the loop in which the receiving coils s1 and s2 are located p1 、L p2 Self-inductance for the corresponding transmitting coil;
obtained from equation (6):
wherein L is fpi Representing the self-inductance of the i-th primary side resonant inductance, L pi Representing the self-inductance of the ith transmit coil, L sj Representing the self-inductance of the jth receiving coil, X Lsj Reactance, X, representing self-inductance of receiving coil Cpi Capacitive reactance representing the i-th transmitting end parallel resonance capacitor, C fpi Representing the capacitance value, X, of the i-th transmitting end parallel resonance capacitor Cpi Capacitive reactance representing series resonance capacitance of ith transmitting end, C pi Representing the capacitance value of the series resonance capacitor of the ith transmitting end, C sj Representing the capacitance value of the series resonance capacitor of the j-th receiving end;
the LCC-S resonant element parameter configuration method is expressed as follows:
from equations (6) to (8), each loop current is obtained:
wherein, mp1s1 and Mp2s2 are the opposite mutual inductance of the transmitting coil, mp1s2 and Mp2s1 are the cross coupling mutual inductance, mp1p2 and Ms1s2 are the same-side coil coupling mutual inductance;
equivalent load resistance R of loop where receiving coils s1 and s2 are located 1 、R 2 Expressed as:
wherein R is eq The equivalent resistance of the post-stage circuit at the rectifying input end;
wherein A, B is an intermediate variable, expressed as:
combining (9), (10) and (11) to obtain a system output voltage U o I.e. resistive load R L Terminal voltage of (2):
the output power of the loop where the two groups of dipole coils are positioned is obtained as follows:
wherein r is 1 、r 3 For transmitting coil p 1 、p 2 Internal resistance r of 2 、r 4 For receiving coil s 1 、s 2 Internal resistance of (2);
the total output power of the system is as follows:
7. the rotating magnetic field coupling based WPT anti-offset and anti-deflection method of claim 6, wherein component configuration parameters of a resonant circuit and a system transmission energy efficiency expression are obtained based on the WPT system, further comprising:
combining (14), obtaining a system transmission efficiency expression as follows:
wherein each intermediate variable expression:
according to equations (12) and (16), the input-output voltage gain G is derived v The expression is:
wherein:
wherein R is L Is a resistive load.
8. The rotating magnetic field coupling based WPT anti-offset and anti-deflection method of claim 7, wherein component configuration parameters of a resonant circuit and a system transmission energy efficiency expression are obtained based on the WPT system, further comprising:
under the condition that the coil of the transmitting terminal and the coil of the receiving terminal meet the decoupling condition, the transmission performance of the double-transmitting-double-receiving type coupling mechanism adopts the equivalent coupling coefficient k eff Description of:
in the formula Su s1 、Su s2 Representing the pickup capacity of the receiver coil, VA P1 、VA P2 Representing the capacity of the transmission coil to transmit; vo (Vo) c1 、Vo c2 Is for receiving the open circuit voltage of the coil c1 、Is c2 For receiving short-circuit current of coil, V p1 、V p2 For the terminal voltage of the transmitting coil, I p1 、I p2 Exciting current for the transmitting coil;
wherein the receiving coil picks up the volume Su s1 、Su s2 And transmitting coil transmission capacity VA P1 、VA P2 Described by the mutual inductance model:
wherein, the transmitting coil self-inductance L is due to the symmetrical parameters of the coils at the same side of the DQDD-CD coupling mechanism p1 ＝L p2 Receiving coil self-inductance L s1 ＝L s2 ；
Deriving the combined type (19) and (20):
wherein M is eff Equivalent mutual inductance of the coupling mechanism;
according to K eff And optimizing the size parameters of the coil and the magnetic core of the transmitting end and the receiving end to obtain the optimal anti-offset performance.
9. The WPT anti-offset anti-deflection system based on rotating magnetic field coupling is characterized by comprising a WPT system and an element configuration analysis optimizing unit;
the WPT system comprises two paths of inverters, an LCC-S resonance topology, a DQDD-CD coupling mechanism and two paths of rectifying circuits;
two paths of inverters are used for respectively generating high-frequency voltages and supplying the high-frequency voltages to the DQDD-CD coupling mechanism through the LCC-S resonance topology;
the DQDD-CD coupling mechanism is used for loading orthogonal current on the transmitting coil to enable the exciting magnetic field to periodically rotate, picking up the excited magnetic flux at a large-range deflection position through the receiving coil, and then enabling the magnetic flux to enter one path of rectifying circuit through the compensating capacitor respectively to finally provide electric energy for a load;
the element configuration analysis optimizing unit obtains element configuration parameters of the resonant circuit and a system transmission energy efficiency expression based on the WPT system, and obtains an LCC-S resonant element configuration method with optimal anti-deflection performance according to the element configuration parameters and the system transmission energy efficiency expression.
10. A computer readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, which computer program, when being executed by a processor, implements the method according to any of claims 1-8.
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| CN117669455B (en) * | 2024-02-02 | 2024-04-19 | 中国人民解放军陆军装甲兵学院 | Unmanned ground vehicle high-adaptability coupling coil and optimization method thereof |
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