CN117268197A - Multi-stage cut blasting method for coal mine underground working face passing through faults of different structures - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of underground coal mine blasting, and discloses a multi-stage cut blasting method aiming at faults of different structures of underground working surfaces, which aims to solve the problems of low utilization rate of conventional underground coal mine working surfaces passing through faults of blast holes, high large gangue rate and far gangue throwing, and reduce construction cost and labor cost while meeting daily cyclic footage of the working surfaces. The method is characterized in that the differential blasting technology between the cut holes is utilized to realize the differential expansion of the cut area, simultaneously, a new free surface is provided for the expanded cut area and the rock breaking area, and the differential blasting technology between the expanded cut hole and the rock breaking hole is utilized to realize the aims of deepening the blasting depth and reducing the gangue blocking degree. The invention solves the problem of low utilization rate of the fault-crossing explosive on the working face caused by the clamp making of the rock mass of the underground single free face of the coal mine, improves the cyclic footage of the blasting single, and meets the requirement of normal production of the underground working face of the coal mine.

Description

Multi-stage cut blasting method for coal mine underground working face passing through different structural faults

Technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of underground coal mine blasting, and specifically relates to a multi-stage cutout blasting method for underground coal mine working surfaces passing through different structural faults.

Background technique

Due to the complexity of coal seam conditions, various geological structures, such as faults, subsidence pillars and intrusive rocks, are often encountered during the advancement of underground coal mining working faces. These geological anomalies not only destroy the continuity of the coal seam, but their strength is much greater than the strength of the coal seam, resulting in a rapid decline in the cutting efficiency of the fully mechanized mining machine and seriously affecting the normal production of the coal mine.

Because these geological abnormal areas cannot be completely avoided by relying on the layout of the working face, when the fully mechanized mining working face passes through faults, the methods of moving the working face, detouring and blasting to assist the shearer in breaking through the rock are generally used according to the size of these structures. Moving or bypassing faults will cause production to stop or significantly reduce production, consume a lot of money, and cause damage to fully mechanized mining equipment. There are also certain shortcomings in using a combination of shallow hole blasting and shearer rock breaking. On the one hand, it is difficult to protect equipment near the working face during blasting construction, and flying rocks can easily damage working face facilities; on the other hand, the footage of shallow hole blasting is generally between 1 and 1.6m, the blast hole utilization rate is low, the blasting volume is small, and blasting is difficult The number of cycles of side advancement results in slow mining at the working face, which not only disrupts the mining plan, but also poses safety risks such as spontaneous combustion of coal dust in the goaf and deformation and damage of the roof and floor plates. In order to improve the efficiency of rock breaking, some scholars have changed shallow hole blasting to deep hole blasting. Although it can increase the footage to a certain extent, it has a large amount of explosives, high labor intensity for workers, large blasting shock waves, serious damage to surrounding rocks, and affects the mining of the working face. schedule.

In order to achieve the goals of short blasting cycle, large cycle footage, and high blasthole utilization, and solve the clamping effect of the single free surface of the rock mass underground, this invention draws on the method of blasting and excavation of rock tunnels (tunnels) and introduces undercut blasting. Cut blasting is divided into straight cut blasting, oblique cut blasting and mixed cut blasting. They have different advantages and disadvantages and the applicable conditions are also different. Generally speaking, slant-eye cut is used for shallow hole blasting. When blasting medium-deep holes or deep holes, since the blast hole depth of slant-eye cut is restricted by the width of the tunnel section, vertical cut is often used. In undercut blasting, parameters such as the choice of cut method, the hole network parameters of the cut holes, the charging structure, the sequence of blast hole blasting, and the filling length directly affect the cut effect. The quality of the undercutting effect largely determines the effect and speed of the entire fault blasting. It is necessary to scientifically and rationally design the location and charge of the cutout holes, and try to arrange them in places with weak surfaces. Underground faults in coal mines generally have two rock strata structures: one is a coal-bearing fault, and the other is a full-rock fault. Therefore, different cutting plans should be designed according to the structural characteristics of the fault. A reasonable cut hole layout plan can obtain a larger cut area, provide a new free surface for the slot expansion area and rock breaking area, which is conducive to improving blasthole utilization, making full use of explosive energy to break rock, and effectively reducing gangue. The rate of large pieces is reduced, and the throwing distance of waste is reduced to avoid flying waste from damaging the equipment behind the working surface.

In summary, there is an urgent need to invent a multi-stage cut and blast method for coal mine working faces that pass through faults with different structures. This method can increase cut hole depth and drill and blast footage in a single cycle, while at the same time reducing the damage and destruction of surrounding rocks caused by blasting vibrations of fault rock masses. , reduce the shock wave and reduce the waste throwing distance.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a multi-stage cut blasting method for underground coal mine working faces that pass through different structural faults, so as to solve the above-mentioned problem of underground coal mine working faces encountering faults.

The technical solution of the present invention is: a multi-stage cutting blasting method for underground coal mine working faces passing through different structural faults, which includes the following steps:

Step 1. Take the fault 1-3 encountered by the coal mine underground working face 1-1 as the area to be blasted 1-6, measure the length of the area to be blasted 1-6 in the working face 1-1, and determine the middle part of the length direction. For the scope of the cutout area, determine the location and angle of the cutout hole according to the type of faults 1-3 and mark them, and then complete the drilling work in the cutout area;

Step 2: Determine the position of the expansion area, then determine the position and angle of the expansion hole and mark it. Determine the location of the rock-breaking area, then determine the location and angle of the rock-breaking hole and mark it, and finally complete the drilling work of the groove expansion area and rock-breaking area;

Step 3: Load digital electronic detonators and explosives into the cutout holes to complete the explosive filling, blocking, wiring and blasting of the cutout holes;

Step 4: Load digital electronic detonators and explosives in the expanded holes and rock-broken holes to complete the explosive filling, sealing, wiring and blasting of the expanded holes and rock-broken holes.

The underground tectonic stress causes the roof 1-4 and the bottom plate 1-5 of the coal seam 1-2 to shift to form a fault 1-3. When the working face 1-1 of the coal mine encounters the fault 1-3 during the advancement process, due to the fault The area at 1-3 has a higher hardness than the coal seam and cannot be passed directly by the shearer. It needs to be blasted and weakened in this area to facilitate the passage of the shearer. The area that needs to be blasted and weakened is the area to be blasted 1-6 .

Step 1 includes the following:

If the areas 1-6 to be blasted contain coal interlayers, and the thickness of the coal interlayers is greater than or equal to 40cm, it is defined as a coal-containing fault in the present invention. The coal interlayers within the 2m range of the areas 1-6 to be blasted are used as cutout areas. A row of 5 cut holes, namely coal interlayer cut holes, are arranged at medium intervals in the cut area. They are the first-stage cut holes 2-1 in the coal interlayer, the second-stage cut holes 2-2 in the coal interlayer, and the third-stage cut holes in the coal interlayer. Holes 2-3, fourth-level coal interlayer cut holes 2-4, and fifth-level coal interlayer cut holes 2-5. The hole diameter of each coal interlayer cut hole is 42mm. The spacing between adjacent coal interlayer cut holes is 50cm, the angle between each coal interlayer cutout hole and the horizontal direction is 60°, the vertical depth of the first-order coal interlayer cutout hole 2-1 is 2.8m, the second-order coal interlayer cutout hole 2-2, the third-order coal interlayer cutout hole The vertical depth of cut holes 2-3, fourth-level cut holes 2-4 in the coal interlayer, and fifth-level cut holes 2-5 in the coal interlayer is 3.2m;

If there is no coal interlayer in the areas 1-6 to be blasted or the thickness of the coal interlayer is less than 40cm, the present invention defines it as a full-rock fault. The middle range of 50cm in the areas 1-6 to be blasted is the cutout area, and the spacing and row spacing are arranged in the cutout area. There are 8 cut holes in four rows and two columns of 50cm, that is, full-rock fault cut holes. From the first row of cut holes to the fourth row of cut holes, they are the whole-rock fault first-order cut holes 3-1, the whole The second-order cut holes in rock faults are 3-2, the third-order cut holes in whole-rock faults are 3-3, and the fourth-order cut holes in whole-rock faults are 3-4. The hole diameter of each whole-rock fault cut-out hole is 42mm. The angle between the whole-rock fault cutout hole and the vertical direction is 60°. The vertical depth of the first-order cutout hole 3-1 in the whole-rock fault is 2.8m. The second-order cutout hole 3-2 in the whole-rock fault and the third-order cutout hole in the whole-rock fault are 2.8m. The vertical depth of the cutout hole 3-3 and the whole-rock fault fourth-order cutout hole 3-4 is 3.2m.

Step two includes the following:

If it is a coal-bearing fault, expand the holes 80cm above the coal interlayer cutout hole and 80cm below the coal interlayer cutout hole. The expansion holes, namely the coal-bearing fault expansion holes 2-6, are two rows and three columns of six holes. , the coal-bearing fault expansion holes 2-6 are arranged in the center of the expansion area, the spacing between each row of coal-bearing fault expansion holes 2-6 is 80cm, and each coal-bearing fault expansion hole 2-6 is perpendicular to the working surface 1-1, the hole diameter of each coal-bearing fault expansion hole 2-6 is 42mm, and the hole depth of each coal-bearing fault expansion hole 2-6 is 3.2m;

If it is a full-rock fault, the two rows of full-rock fault cut-out holes are facing each other inward and facing away. The first row of full-rock fault cut-out holes is located 1m outside and the second row of full-rock fault cut-out holes is 1m outside. It is the groove expansion area. The expansion holes, namely the whole-rock fault expansion holes 3-5, are 6 in three rows and two columns. The whole-rock fault expansion holes 3-5 are arranged in the center of the groove expansion area. Each row of whole-rock fault expansion holes The spacing between holes 3-5 is 1m. Each whole-rock fault expansion hole 3-5 is perpendicular to the working surface 1-1. The diameter of each whole-rock fault expansion hole 3-5 is 42mm. The depth of the expansion holes 3-5 is 3.2m.

Step two includes the following:

If it is a coal-bearing fault, the right side of the first-order cutout hole 2-1 in the coal interlayer and the left side of the fifth-order cutout hole 2-5 in the coal interlayer are the rock-breaking areas; the first-order cutout hole 2-1 in the coal interlayer A row of three coal-bearing fault first rock holes 2-7 is arranged 1m to the right, and 1.2m to the right of the first coal-bearing fault rock hole 2-7 to the right of the first-order cutout hole 2-1 in the coal interlayer. Arrange a row of 3 coal-bearing fault second rock holes 2-8, and arrange a row of 3 coal-bearing faults 1.2m to the right of the first-order cutting hole 2-1 in the coal interlayer. The third rock-breaking hole for the coal-bearing fault, and so on, until it is arranged to the edge of the area to be blasted; a row of three first rock-breaking holes for the coal-bearing fault 2-5 is arranged 1m to the left of the fifth-level cutout hole 2-5 in the coal interlayer. 7. A row of three coal-bearing fault second rock holes 2-8 is arranged 1.2 meters to the left of the first rock-breaking hole 2-7 on the left side of the fifth-level cutout hole 2-5 in the coal interlayer. A row of three third coal-bearing fault rock holes are arranged 1.2 meters to the left of the second coal-bearing fault hole 2-8 on the left side of the fifth-level cutout hole 2-5, and so on, until the area to be blasted is arranged. Edge; the diameter of each rock hole is 42mm, the spacing of each row of rock holes is 1.0m, and the row spacing is 1.2m. Each rock hole is drilled perpendicular to the working surface, and the hole depth of each rock hole is 3.2 m;

If it is a full-rock fault, the outside of the full-rock fault expansion holes 3-5 is the rock-breaking area. Outside the whole-rock fault expansion holes 3-5, a row of three rock-breaking holes is arranged every 1.2m, that is, the whole-rock fault rock-breaking hole 3 -6 until it is arranged to the edge of the area to be blasted; the diameter of each rock hole is 42mm, and the distance between the rock holes in each row is 1.0m. The row spacing is 1.2m, each rock hole is drilled perpendicular to the working surface, and the depth of each rock hole is 3.2m.

Step three includes the following:

If it is a coal-bearing fault, charge 2.2kg of explosives in the first-order cutout hole 2-1 in the coal interlayer, including 1.2kg of explosives at the bottom of the hole. Then install a digital electronic detonator, then seal part of the blasthole with sticky loess, and continue to charge 1.0kg of explosives and Install a digital electronic detonator, and finally seal the blast holes with sticky loess; second-level cut holes in the coal interlayer 2-2, third-level cut holes in the coal interlayer 2-3, fourth-level cut holes in the coal interlayer 2-4, and The fifth-level cutout holes 2-5 are charged with 2.7kg of explosives in the same way respectively. After charging 1.7kg of explosives at the bottom of the hole, a digital electronic detonator is installed. Then a part of the blasthole is blocked with sticky loess, and 1.0kg of explosives are continued to be charged and digital electronic detonators are installed. detonator, and finally use sticky loess to seal the blast holes; first-level cut holes in the coal interlayer 2-1, second-level cut holes in the coal interlayer 2-2, third-level cut holes in the coal interlayer 2-3, fourth-level cut holes in the coal interlayer Slotted holes 2-4 and fifth-stage cutout holes 2-5 in the coal interlayer adopt large series primary detonation. The explosive in the first-stage cutout hole 2-1 in the coal interlayer is detonated with a stage I digital electronic detonator to form a second-stage cutout hole in the coal interlayer. 2-2 creates a new free surface, and the explosive in the second-stage cutout hole 2-2 of the coal interlayer is detonated with a stage II digital electronic detonator to create a new free surface for the third-stage cutout hole 2-3 of the coal interlayer. The explosives in cut holes 2-3 are detonated with stage III digital electronic detonators to create a new free surface for the fourth-stage cut holes 2-4 in the coal interlayer. The explosives in the fourth-stage cut holes 2-4 in the coal interlayer are detonated with stage IV digital electronic detonators. The detonator is detonated to create a new free surface for the fifth-level cutout holes 2-5 in the coal interlayer. The explosives in the fifth-level cutout holes 2-5 in the coal interlayer are detonated with a V-stage digital electronic detonator. The cutout area after the cutout hole is blasted is Blasting in the groove expansion area provides a new free surface;

If it is a full-rock fault, charge 2.5kg of explosives in the first-order cutout hole 3-1 of the whole-rock fault, including 1.5kg of explosives at the bottom of the hole, then install a digital electronic detonator, then use sticky loess to seal part of the blast hole, and continue to charge 1.0kg of explosives. And install digital electronic detonators, and finally seal the blast holes with sticky loess; second-order cut holes in whole rock faults 3-2, third-order cut holes in whole rock faults 3-3, and fourth-order cut holes in whole rock faults 3- 4. Use the same method to charge 1.9kg of explosives and then install digital electronic detonators. Then use sticky loess to seal part of the blast holes. Continue to charge 1.0kg of explosives and install digital electronic detonators. Finally, use sticky loess to seal the blast holes; full-rock faults The first-order cut hole 3-1, the second-order cut hole 3-2 in the whole rock fault, the third-order cut hole 3-3 in the whole rock fault, and the fourth-order cut hole 3-4 in the whole rock fault adopt large series one-time detonation. The explosive in the first-order cutout hole 3-1 of the whole-rock fault is detonated with a stage I digital electronic detonator, creating a new free surface for the second-order cutout hole 3-2 in the whole-rock fault. The second-order cutout hole 3-2 in the whole-rock fault The internal explosive is detonated with a stage II digital electronic detonator to create a new free surface for the third-stage cutout hole 3-3 of the whole-rock fault. The explosive inside the third-stage cutout hole 3-3 of the whole-rock fault is detonated with a stage III digital electronic detonator to create The fourth-order cut-out holes 3-4 of the whole-rock fault create a new free surface. The explosives in the fourth-order cut-out holes 3-4 of the whole-rock fault are detonated with a stage IV digital electronic detonator. After the cut-out holes are blasted, the cut-out area is expanded. Zone blasting provides new free surfaces.

Step four includes the following:

If it is a coal-bearing fault, charge 2.5kg for each expansion hole and each rock-breaking hole, including 1.5kg for the bottom of the hole, then install a digital electronic detonator, then seal part of the blastholes with sticky loess, and continue to charge 1.0kg. And install the digital electronic detonator, and finally seal the blast hole with sticky loess; for the expansion hole, the digital electronic detonator at the hole mouth is a section I digital electronic detonator, the digital electronic detonator at the bottom of the hole is a section II digital electronic detonator, The segment digital electronic detonator detonates first; for the first rock hole 2-7 of the coal-bearing fault, the digital electronic detonator at the bottom of the hole is a segment II digital electronic detonator, and the digital electronic detonator at the hole mouth is a segment I digital electronic detonator. For other For rock-breaking holes, the digital electronic detonator at the bottom of the hole is a stage IV digital electronic detonator, and the digital electronic detonator at the hole is a stage III digital electronic detonator. After blasting the groove expansion area, the rock-breaking area will be blasted;

If it is a full-rock fault, charge 2.5kg for each expansion hole and each rock-breaking hole, of which 1.5kg is charged at the bottom of the hole, then a digital electronic detonator is installed, and then a part of the blast hole is blocked with sticky loess, and 1.0kg is continued. and install a digital electronic detonator, and finally seal the blast hole with sticky loess; for the expanded slot hole, the digital electronic detonator at the opening is a section I digital electronic detonator, and the digital electronic detonator at the bottom of the hole is a section II digital electronic detonator. For rock-breaking holes, the digital electronic detonator at the hole entrance is a stage III digital electronic detonator, and the digital electronic detonator at the bottom of the hole is a stage IV digital electronic detonator. The groove expansion area and the rock-breaking area are blasted simultaneously.

The beneficial effects of this invention are: determine different cutout positions according to the fault rock mass structure type, use multi-stage cutout segmented differential blasting technology to achieve the goal of expanding and deepening the cutout area, and use columnar equipment in the trench expansion area and rock breaking area. The chemical segmented differential blasting technology solves the problems of residual hole depth and large waste block, ensuring that the depth of the cutout area is more than 3m. Complete the cutout blasting once to meet the requirements of 4 times of cyclic footage of the working face, and finally realize a coal mine underground The blasting effect is due to the deep cutting depth of the working face through the fault, short waste throw distance, small waste rock size, and weak damage to the surrounding rock.

Description of the drawings

Figure 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a fault section of an underground coal mine working face of the present invention;

Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the layout of the coal-bearing fault cutting holes of the present invention;

Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the angle of the coal-containing fault cutting hole of the present invention;

Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the layout of whole-rock fault cutting holes according to the present invention;

Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the angle of the whole-rock fault cutting hole according to the present invention.

Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the charging of cut holes in coal-containing faults according to the present invention, in which a) is a schematic diagram of charging of first-level cut holes in the coal interlayer, and b) is a schematic diagram of charging of other levels of cut holes in the coal interlayer;

Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of charging of cut holes in whole rock faults of the present invention, in which a) is a schematic diagram of charging of first-order cut holes in whole rock faults, b) is a schematic diagram of charging of other stages of cut holes in whole rock faults;

Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the charging of slotted holes and rock-breaking holes according to the present invention;

Among them, 1-1, working face, 1-2, coal seam, 1-3, fault, 1-4, roof, 1-5, floor, 1-6, area to be blasted, 2-1, first-level excavation of coal interlayer Slotted hole, 2-2, second-stage cut hole in coal interlayer, 2-3, third-stage cut hole in coal interlayer, 2-4, fourth-stage cut hole in coal interlayer, 2-5, fifth-stage cut hole in coal interlayer , 2-6, coal-bearing fault expansion hole, 2-7, coal-bearing fault first rock hole, 2-8, coal-bearing fault second rock hole, 2-9, coal-bearing fault excavation area, 2 -10. Coal-bearing fault expansion zone, 2-11. Coal-bearing fault rock breaking zone, 3-1. Whole-rock fault first-order cut hole, 3-2. Whole-rock fault second-order cut hole, 3-3 , Whole-rock fault third-order cut hole, 3-4, Whole-rock fault fourth-order cut hole, 3-5, Whole-rock fault expansion hole, 3-6, Whole-rock fault rock-breaking hole, 3-7, Full-rock fault Rock fault cutting area, 3-8, whole rock fault expansion zone, 3-9, whole rock fault rock breaking area, 4-1, coal interlayer first-order cutting hole bottom explosive, 4-2, coal interlayer first The detonator at the detonation point of the step cutout, 4-3, the first step cutout hole in the coal interlayer is blocked, 4-4, the explosive at the opening of the first step cutout hole in the coal interlayer, 4-5, the bottom of the first step cutout hole in the coal interlayer Blockage, 4-6. Explosives at the bottom of cut holes in other levels of coal interlayers, 4-7. Detonators at the detonation point of other levels of cut holes in coal interlayers, 4-8. Blockage in other levels of cut holes in coal interlayers, 4-9. Explosives at the mouth of cut holes in other stages of the coal interlayer, 4-10. Blocking of the bottom of the cut holes in other stages of the coal interlayer, 5-1, Explosives at the bottom of the first stage cut holes in the whole rock fault, 5-2, Explosives at the bottom of the first stage cut holes in the whole rock fault Detonator at the detonation point of the first-order cutout, 5-3, blockage in the first-order cutout hole in the whole rock fault, 5-4, explosive at the opening of the first-order cutout hole in the whole-rock fault, 5-5, first-order cutout in the whole-rock fault The bottom of the hole is blocked, 5-6. Explosives at the bottom of cut holes in other levels of whole rock faults, 5-7. Detonators at the detonation point of other levels of cut holes in whole rock faults, 5-8. Inside the holes of other levels of cut holes in whole rock faults. Blocking, 5-9. Explosives at the mouth of cut holes in other stages of whole rock faults, 5-10. Blocking of bottoms of cut holes in other stages of whole rock faults, 6-1. Explosives at the bottom of enlarged holes and rock-breaking holes, 6 -2. Detonators at the bottom of expanded holes and rock-breaking holes, 6-3. Blockage in the expanded holes and rock-breaking holes, 6-4. Explosives at the mouths of expanded holes and rock-breaking holes, 6-5. Detonators at the openings of enlarged holes and broken rock holes. 6-6. The bottoms of enlarged holes and broken rock holes are blocked.

Detailed ways

In order to have a clearer understanding of the technical features and purposes of the present invention, the technical solutions of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, this should not be understood as limiting the implementable scope of the present invention.

The present invention is a multi-stage undercut blasting method for coal mine underground working faces passing through faults with different structures. The implementation path of this method is to use the multi-stage undercut method to create a deeper undercut area on the fault. This area is The groove expansion area and rock breaking area provide new free surfaces to ensure the rock breaking amount for subsequent blasting. In addition, the enlarged holes and rock-breaking holes adopt the method of segmented blasting in the holes, which not only ensures the blasting depth, but also effectively reduces the size of the gangue and avoids damage to the equipment behind the working face caused by large pieces of gangue.

The present invention is a multi-stage cut blasting method for coal mine underground working faces passing through different structural faults. The steps are as follows:

Step 1: According to the structural characteristics of the rock mass in the areas 1-6 to be blasted underground in the coal mine, based on blasting theory and field tests, determine the cutout rock layer, location and angle, mark it with red paint, and complete the cutout area (coal-containing fault cutout area) 2-9. Drilling work in whole-rock fault trenching area 3-7).

During the advancement process of the coal mine underground working face 1-1, it is often encountered that the roof 1-4 and the floor 1-5 of the coal seam 1-2 are displaced due to tectonic stress, forming a fault 1-3. Correspondingly, the fault rock mass is generally It is the roof 1-4 or bottom plate 1-5 of the coal seam 1-2. Compared with the coal seam, the hardness is higher and the shearer cannot be used to pass directly. For this reason, the fault rock mass that blocks the shearer, that is, the area to be blasted 1- 6 Carry out reasonable blasting weakening so as not to affect the normal production of working face 1-1.

If areas 1-6 to be blasted contain coal interlayers and the thickness of the coal interlayers is greater than 40cm, they will be treated as coal-bearing faults. If the thickness of the coal interlayer is less than 40cm, it will be treated as a whole-rock fault. According to the actual distribution of the site where the coal mine underground working face 1-1 encounters faults 1-3, determine the length that needs to be blasted, that is, the length of the area to be blasted 1-6, and use a tape measure to measure the middle range of 2m on the length of the area to be blasted 1-6 As the layout location of the cutting area. Among them, the cut holes for coal-bearing faults are arranged in the coal interlayer in the middle range, and red paint is used to mark the cut holes in the cut area. Drill 5 cut holes at an angle of 60° in the horizontal direction, with a hole diameter of 42 mm and a spacing of 50 cm. The vertical depth of the first-order cut hole 2-1 in the coal interlayer is 2.8 m, and the vertical depth of the other cut holes is 3.2 m.

If there is no coal interlayer in the fault or the thickness of the coal interlayer is less than 40cm, then a fourth-order cutout hole for the whole-rock fault needs to be arranged on the whole-rock fault. 3-1 is the first-order cutout hole for the whole-rock fault, and 3-2 is the whole-rock fault. Second-order cut holes, 3-3 are third-order cut holes in whole-rock faults, and 3-4 are fourth-order cut holes in whole-rock faults. In the same way, use a tape measure to measure the middle range of 0.5m on the length of areas 1-6 to be blasted as the cutout area, and then mark the cutout holes. Drill 8 cut holes at an angle of 60° along the vertical direction, with a hole diameter of 42 mm, and a spacing and row spacing of 50 cm. The vertical depth of the first-order cut hole 3-1 in the whole-rock fault is 2.8 m, and the vertical depth of the other-order cut holes is 2.8 m. The vertical depth is 3.2m.

Step 2: Use red paint to mark the expansion holes (coal-bearing fault expansion holes 2-6, whole-rock fault expansion holes 3-5) and rock-breaking holes (the first rock-breaking holes of coal-bearing faults 2-7, coal-bearing faults The second fault rock hole 2-8, the whole rock fault rock hole 3-6), and according to the blasting design plan, the trench expansion area (coal-bearing fault trench expansion area 2-10, the whole rock fault trench expansion area 3-8 ) and rock-breaking areas (coal-bearing fault rock-breaking areas 2-11, whole-rock fault rock-breaking areas 3-9).

If it is a coal-bearing fault, arrange expansion holes 80cm above and below the coal-bearing fault cutout hole, namely coal-bearing fault expansion holes 2-6. The spacing between coal-bearing fault expansion holes 2-6 is 80cm. The diameter is 42mm, the hole is drilled perpendicular to the working surface, and the hole depth is 3.2m. The first rock breaking hole 2-7 of the coal-bearing fault is arranged 1.0m away from the cutting hole of the coal-bearing fault, and the second rock breaking hole 2-8 of the coal-bearing fault is arranged 1.2m away from the first rock breaking hole of the coal-bearing fault. The third rock hole on the coal-bearing fault is arranged 1.2m from the second rock hole on the fault, and so on, until it is arranged at the edge of the area to be blasted. The diameter of all rock-breaking holes is 42mm, the row spacing is 1.0m, the holes are drilled perpendicular to the working surface, and the hole depth is 3.2m.

If it is a full-rock fault, arrange a row of full-rock fault expansion holes 3-5 1.0m away from the full-rock fault cutout hole. The spacing of the whole-rock fault expansion holes is 1.0m, and the hole diameter is 42mm, perpendicular to the working surface. Drill a hole to a depth of 3.2m. Arrange the first row of full-rock fault rock holes 3-6 1.2m away from the expansion hole, and arrange the second row of full-rock fault rock holes 1.2m away from the first row of full-rock fault holes. Arrange the third row of rock holes 1.2m away from the rock holes, and so on, until they are arranged to the edge of the area to be blasted. The diameter of the rock-breaking holes is 42mm, the row spacing is 1.0m, the holes are drilled perpendicular to the working surface, and the hole depth is 3.2m.

Step 3: Towards the cut holes (first-order cut holes in the coal interlayer to fifth-order cut holes in the coal interlayer 2-1~2-5, first-order cut holes in the whole rock fault to fourth-order cut holes in the whole rock fault 3-1~3 -4) Load digital electronic detonators and explosives according to the blasting design plan, and complete the explosive filling, blocking, wiring and blasting of the cutout areas (coal-containing fault cutout areas 2-9, full-rock fault cutout areas 3-7) Work.

In the blasting plan of the present invention, the explosives in all cut holes are No. 3 emulsion explosives allowed in coal mines. The diameter of the explosives is 35mm, the uncoupled charge coefficient is 1.2, and the linear charge density is 1kg/m3. The two detonating points in each stage of the cutout holes use the same segmented digital electronic detonator, and the connection method is large series connection. The detonating points in each hole are detonated using a special detonator for digital electronic detonators;

If it is a coal-bearing fault, charge 2.2kg in the first-order cutout hole 2-1 in the coal interlayer. After the bottom charge of the first-order cutout hole in the coal interlayer reaches 1.2kg and 1.2m, install the first-order cutout detonator in the coal seam. 4-2. Use sticky loess to plug 0.5m into the first-order cutout hole of the coal-bearing fault. 4-3. Continue to charge 1.0kg. Then install the coal seam first-order cutout detonation point detonator 4-2. Finally, use sticky loess. The bottom of the first-order cutout hole in the coal interlayer is blocked by 4-5% sealing. Other coal-bearing fault cut holes are charged with 2.7kg of explosives, of which 1.7kg is charged at the bottom of the hole. Afterwards, install detonators 4-7 at the detonation point of other coal seam cutouts, and plug 0.5m with sticky loess as the inside of the other cutout holes in coal-bearing faults. Block 4-8, continue to charge 1.0kg, and then install detonators 4-7 for other coal seam level cutout detonators. Finally, use sticky loess to seal the blast holes as bottom plugs for other coal seam cutout holes 4-10. The first-stage cutout holes 2-1 in the coal interlayer to the fifth-stage cutout holes 2-5 in the coal interlayer adopt large series primary detonation, and different detonator sections are used in different stages of cutout holes to achieve the effect of slight detonation. The bottom explosive 4-1 of the coal interlayer first-stage cutout hole 2-1 and the first-stage coal interlayer cutout hole opening explosive 4-4 adopt the coal seam first-stage cutout detonation point detonator 4- 2 detonates to create a new free surface for the second-stage cutout hole 2-2 in the coal interlayer. It should be noted that the first-stage cutout detonation point detonator 4-2 in the coal seam uses a section I digital electronic detonator;

The explosives 4-6 at the bottom of the other-level cut-out holes in the coal interlayer 2-2 and the explosives 4-9 at the openings of other-level cut-out holes in the coal seam are detonated by the detonators 4-7 of the other-level cut-out points in the coal seam. , to create a new free surface for the third-level cutout holes 2-3 in the coal interlayer. It should be noted that the other-level cutout detonators 4-7 in the coal seam use stage II digital electronic detonators;

The explosives 4-6 at the bottom of the other-level cut-out holes in the coal interlayer 2-3 and the explosives 4-9 at the openings of the other-level cut-out holes in the coal seam are detonated by the detonators 4-7 of the other-level cut-out points in the coal seam. , creating a new free surface for the fourth-level cutout hole 2-4 in the coal interlayer. It should be noted that the detonation point detonator 4-7 of the other-level cutout in the coal seam uses a stage III digital electronic detonator; the fourth-level cutout hole 2 in the coal interlayer Explosives 4-6 at the bottom of cut holes in other coal seams in -4 and explosives 4-9 at the openings of cut holes in other coal seams are detonated by detonators 4-7 at the detonation point of other-level cut holes in the coal seam, forming a fifth-level cut in the coal seam. Hole 2-5 creates a new free surface. It should be noted that the detonation point detonator 4-7 of the other levels of the coal seam uses the IV digital electronic detonator; the other levels of the coal seam in the fifth-level cutting hole 2-5 of the coal interlayer are Explosives 4-6 at the bottom of slotted holes and explosives 4-9 at the openings of cutout holes at other levels of the coal seam are detonated by detonators 4-7 at other levels of the coal seam. It should be noted that detonators 4-7 at other levels of the coal seam are detonated at the outcutting points. The V section digital electronic detonator is used; after the coal-bearing fault cut hole blasting, the coal-bearing fault cutout area 2-9 provides the blasting for the coal-bearing fault trench expansion area 2-10 and the coal-bearing fault rock breaking area 2-11. New free side.

If it is a full-rock fault, the first-order cutout holes 3-1 of the two full-rock faults are each loaded with 2.5kg of explosives, and the bottom explosive 5-1 of the first-order cutout holes of the all-rock fault is charged with 1.5kg and 1.5m, and then the whole rock fault is installed. Detonator 5-2 is used to detonate the detonation point of the first-order cutout in the rock fault. Use viscous loess to plug 0.3m into the first-order cutout hole in the whole-rock fault 5-3. Explosives 5-4 continue to be used at the opening of the first-order cutout hole in the whole-rock fault. Charge 1.0kg, then install the detonator 5-2 for the detonation point of the whole-rock fault first-order cutout, and finally seal the blast hole with sticky loess as the bottom plug of the first-order cutout hole for the whole-rock fault 5-5.

The second-order cut holes in whole-rock faults to the fourth-order cut-out holes in whole-rock faults are charged with 2.9kg for each blast hole. Among them, 5-6 charges of 1.9kg are charged at the bottom of other-order cut-out holes in whole-rock faults, and then the whole-rock faults are installed. Detonators 5-7 at the detonation points of other-level cutouts are used to block 0.3m of the whole-rock fault with viscous loess. 5-8 are used to plug the openings of other-level cutout holes in the whole-rock fault. Explosives 5-9 are used to continue charging at the openings of other-level cutout holes in the whole-rock fault. 1.0kg, then install detonators 5-7 for the detonation point of other-level cutouts in the whole-rock fault, and finally seal the blast holes with sticky loess as the bottom plug of the other-level cutout holes in the whole-rock fault 5-10.

The first-stage cutout holes in whole-rock faults to the fourth-stage cutouts in whole-rock faults adopt a large series of one-time detonations, and different detonator sections are used in different stages of cut-out holes in whole-rock faults to achieve the effect of differential detonation.

The whole-rock fault first-order cut hole bottom explosive 5-1 and the whole-rock fault first-order cut hole hole explosive 5-4 in the whole-rock fault first-order cut hole 3-1 adopt the whole-rock fault first-order cut hole. The slot detonation point detonator 5-2 is detonated, creating a new free surface for the second-order cutout hole 3-2 of the whole-rock fault. It should be noted that the first-order cutout detonator 5-2 of the whole-rock fault uses the I-section digital Electronic detonator.

The whole-rock fault second-order cut hole 3-2 uses the whole-rock fault other-order cut hole bottom explosives 5-6 and the whole-rock fault other-order cut hole hole mouth explosives 5-9. The slot detonation point detonators 5-7 are detonated, creating a new free surface for the third-order cutout hole 3-3 of the whole-rock fault. It should be noted that the detonators 5-7 for the other-order cutout detonators in the whole-rock fault use the II-stage digital Electronic detonators.

Whole-rock fault third-order cut hole 3-3 uses whole-rock fault other-order cut hole bottom explosives 5-6 and whole-rock fault other-order cut hole hole mouth explosives 5-9. All-rock fault other-order cut holes are used. The slot detonation point detonators 5-7 are detonated, creating a new free surface for the fourth-level cutout holes 3-4 in the whole-rock fault. It should be noted that the other-level cutout detonators 5-7 in the whole-rock fault use stage III digital Electronic detonator.

The bottom explosives 5-6 of the whole rock fault fourth-order cut holes in the whole-rock fault fourth-order cut holes 3-4 and the explosives 5-9 at the mouth of the whole-rock fault other-order cut holes are used in the whole-rock fault other-order cut holes. The slot detonation point detonator 5-7 is detonated. It should be noted that the detonation point detonators 5-7 of the other stages of the whole rock fault use stage IV digital electronic detonators.

The whole-rock fault cutout areas 3-7 after the blasting of the all-rock fault cutout holes provide new free surfaces for the blasting of the all-rock fault cutout areas 3-8. The whole-rock fault cutout areas after the blasting of the all-rock fault cutout holes. 3-8 provides a new free surface for blasting in the whole-rock fault rock-breaking zone 3-9.

Step 4: Load digital electronic detonators and explosives into the trench expansion area and rock breaking area according to the blasting design plan, and complete the explosive filling, blocking, wiring and blasting work in the trench expansion area and rock breaking area.

In the blasting plan of the present invention, all the explosives in the expanded grooves and rock holes are No. 3 emulsion explosives allowed in coal mines. The diameter of the explosive is 35mm, the uncoupled charge coefficient is 1.2, and the linear charge density is 1kg/m3. The two detonating points in the expanded groove and the rock-breaking hole use digital electronic detonators of different segments, and ensure that the detonator segment at the hole entrance is smaller than the segment at the bottom of the hole. The connection method is a large series connection, and a special detonator for digital electronic detonators is used to detonate each Detonation point in the hole;

If it is a coal-bearing fault, each coal-bearing fault expansion hole and rock-breaking hole (coal-bearing fault expansion hole 2-6, coal-bearing fault first rock-breaking hole 2-7, coal-bearing fault second rock-breaking hole 2 -8) Charge 2.5kg, including explosive 6-1 at the bottom of the expanded hole and rock-breaking hole. After charging 1.5kg and 1.5m, install detonator 6-2 at the bottom of the expanded hole and rock-breaking hole, using sticky loess Block 0.3m as the plug 6-3 in the expanded hole and rock-breaking hole. Continue to charge 1.0kg of explosive 6-4 at the entrance of the expanded hole and rock-breaking hole, and then install the detonation point at the entrance of the expanded hole and rock-breaking hole. The detonator is 6-5, and finally the blast hole is filled with sticky loess to serve as the expansion hole and rock-breaking hole bottom plug 6-6. Explosives 6-4 at the entrances of expanded slot holes and rock-broken holes are detonated by initiation point detonators 6-5 at the entrances of expanded slot holes and rock-broken holes, in which the initiation point detonators 6-5 at the entrances of expanded slot holes and rock-broken holes adopt section I Digital electronic detonator, the explosive 6-1 at the bottom of expanded slot holes and rock-breaking holes is detonated by the detonating point detonator 6-2 at the bottom of expanded slot holes and rock-breaking holes, among which the detonating point detonator 6-2 at the bottom of expanded slot holes and rock-breaking holes is used. 2. Use stage II digital electronic detonator.

The explosive 6-4 at the mouth of the enlarged hole and rock-breaking hole is detonated first. While breaking the rock at the hole mouth, it also provides a weak blasting rock mass for the charge at the bottom of the hole, ensuring the depth of blasting. The formation of the coal-bearing fault cutting area 2-9 and the coal-bearing fault trench expansion area 2-10 provides a new free surface for blasting in the rock-breaking area, ensuring rock-breaking holes (the first rock-breaking hole 2-7 of the coal-bearing fault , the second rock hole 2-8) of the coal-bearing fault can be blasted to the design depth. The first rock hole 2-7 of the coal-bearing fault, which is close to the cutting area and the expansion area of the coal-bearing fault, uses the detonation point at the bottom of the expansion hole and the rock-breaking hole 6-1. The detonator 6-2 detonates, and the detonator 6-2 at the detonation point at the bottom of the expanded slot hole and rock-breaking hole adopts the II-stage digital electronic detonator.

Explosives 6-4 at the entrances of enlarged holes and rock-breaking holes are detonated by initiation point detonators 6-5 at the entrances of enlarged holes and rock-breaking holes, among which the initiation point detonators 6-2 at the bottom of expanded holes and rock-breaking holes adopt section I Digital electronic detonator.

The expanded hole and explosives 6-1 at the bottom of the second rock-breaking hole 2-8 on the coal-bearing fault are detonated by the detonator 6-2 at the bottom of the expanded hole and rock-breaking hole. Among them, the expanded hole and The detonating point detonator at the bottom of the rock hole adopts a stage IV digital electronic detonator, and the explosives 6-4 at the entrance of the expanded slot and the entrance of the rock hole are detonated by the detonator 6-5 at the entrance of the expanded slot and the entrance of the rock hole. The blasting point detonator 6-2 at the bottom of the rock hole adopts stage III digital electronic detonator. It should be noted that the coal-bearing fault should be blasted after the expansion zone 2-10 is blasted and then the rock blasting zone 2-11 is blasted.

If it is an all-rock fault, the enlarged hole 3-5 of the full-rock fault and the rock-breaking hole 3-6 of the whole-rock fault are charged with 2.5kg, of which the bottom explosive hole 6-1 of the expanded hole and rock-breaking hole is charged with 1.5kg and 1.5 m, install the detonator 6-2 at the bottom of the expanded hole and rock-breaking hole, and plug 0.3m with sticky loess as the inner plug of the expanded hole and rock-breaking hole 6-3, and the opening of the expanded hole and rock-breaking hole. Explosive 6-4 continues to charge 1.0kg, and then the detonation point detonator 6-5 is installed at the opening of the expanded hole and rock-breaking hole. Finally, the blast hole is filled with sticky loess to serve as a plug for the bottom of the expanded hole and rock-breaking hole 6-6 . The explosives 6-4 at the openings of the enlarged holes in the whole rock fault are detonated by the detonators 6-5 at the openings of the enlarged holes and rock-breaking holes, in which the detonators 6-5 at the openings of the enlarging holes and rock-breaking holes adopt section I Digital electronic detonator, the explosive 6-1 at the bottom of expanded slot holes and rock-breaking holes is detonated by the detonating point detonator 6-2 at the bottom of expanded slot holes and rock-breaking holes, among which the detonating point detonator 6-2 at the bottom of expanded slot holes and rock-breaking holes is used. 2. Use stage II digital electronic detonator. The formation of the whole-rock fault cutting area 3-7 provides a new free surface for the whole-rock fault expansion area 3-8, and the formation of the whole-rock fault expansion area 3-8 is the formation of the whole-rock fault rock breaking area 3-9. Blasting provides a new free surface to ensure that the rock hole can be blasted to the designed depth. Explosives 6-4 at the entrances of expanded slots and rock-breaking holes are detonated by initiation point detonators 6-5 at the entrances of expanded slots and rock-breaking holes, in which the initiation point detonators 6-5 at the entrances of expanded slots and rock-breaking holes adopt Section III Digital electronic detonator, the explosive 6-1 at the bottom of expanded slot holes and rock-breaking holes is detonated by the detonating point detonator 6-2 at the bottom of expanded slot holes and rock-breaking holes, among which the detonating point detonator 6-2 at the bottom of expanded slot holes and rock-breaking holes is used. 2. Adopt IV-stage digital electronic detonator. It should be noted that the whole-rock fault expansion zone and the rock-breaking zone were blasted simultaneously.

Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not limiting. Although the present invention has been described with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, those skilled in the art will understand that it can be implemented in the form and Various changes can be made to the details without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims, and they should all be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

The study was conducted on the working face of a mine in Shanxi. The fault rock mass is limestone with a solidity coefficient of f>8. Some of the faults are coal-bearing faults, and the other part of the faults are full-rock faults. The fault area to be blasted is 3.0m high, 20m long, and 20m deep.

The original construction plan adopted the drill and blast method. The specific method was to drill 2.4m blast holes perpendicular to the direction of the fault. The number of blast holes was 2 rows, and the row spacing and spacing were 1.5 m. After each blasting, the length of the remaining hole reaches more than 1.2m, and the thrown-out gangue is large and cannot be directly discharged through the underground transportation system. It requires a lot of manpower and time to use pneumatic picks to break large pieces of gangue into small pieces, which increases Construction costs and labor costs. It often happens that the gangue is thrown far away and damages the equipment behind the working surface. In addition, the working face cuts coal twice a day, with an average footage of 1.2m, seriously affecting the production progress of the working face.

The new plan adopts the present invention's multi-stage cutting and blasting method for underground working faces passing through different structural faults. Based on this, the drilling and blasting parameters and construction technology are designed. The test results show that the depth of a single cut can be maintained at more than 2.9m, and the expansion zone The depth of the rock breaking area and the rock breaking area can be guaranteed to be above 2.8m. There are no obvious large pieces of waste after the blast, which meets the underground transportation requirements. The waste throwing distance is relatively close, and there is no phenomenon of damaging the equipment behind the working surface, and cutting can be guaranteed every day. Four coal cycles, with an average footage of 3.0m, ensure the production progress of the working face.

Claims (7)

1. A multi-stage cut blasting method for coal mine underground working faces passing through different structural faults, which is characterized by: including the following steps: Step 1. Determine the area to be blasted (1-6) based on the condition of the coal mine underground working face (1-1) encountering faults (1-3). Based on the rock formation characteristics of the area to be blasted (1-6), determine the location of the trenching area, and then Determine the position and angle of the cutout hole and mark it to complete the drilling work in the cutout area; Step 2: Determine the position of the expansion zone according to the position of the cutting hole in the cutting zone, then determine the position and angle of the expansion hole and mark it, then determine the position of the rock breaking area, then determine the position and angle of the rock breaking hole and carry out Mark, and finally complete the drilling work in the groove expansion area and rock breaking area; Step 3: Load digital electronic detonators and explosives into the cutout holes to complete the explosive filling, blocking, wiring and blasting of the cutout holes; Step 4: Load digital electronic detonators and explosives in the expanded holes and rock-broken holes to complete the explosive filling, sealing, wiring and blasting of the expanded holes and rock-broken holes. 2. A multi-stage cut blasting method for underground coal mine working faces passing through different structural faults according to claim 1, characterized in that: the roof (1-4) of the coal seam (1-2) is caused by underground structural stress. and the bottom plate (1-5) are displaced to form a fault (1-3). When the working face (1-1) of the coal mine encounters the fault (1-3) during the advancement process, due to the location of the fault (1-3) The area has a higher hardness than the coal seam and cannot be passed directly by the shearer. It needs to be blasted and weakened in this area to facilitate the passage of the shearer. The area that needs to be blasted and weakened is the area to be blasted (1-6). 3. A multi-stage cut blasting method for coal mine underground working faces passing through different structural faults according to claim 1, characterized in that: step one includes the following content: If the area to be blasted (1-6) contains a coal interlayer, and the thickness of the coal interlayer is greater than or equal to 40cm, it is defined as a coal-containing fault. The coal interlayer within the 2m range of the area to be blasted (1-6) will be used as the undercutting area. A row of 5 cut holes, namely coal interlayer cut holes, are arranged at medium intervals in the cut area. They are, in order, the first-order cut holes in the coal interlayer (2-1), the second-order cut holes in the coal interlayer (2-2), and the coal interlayer cut holes. Third-level cut holes (2-3), fourth-level cut holes in the coal interlayer (2-4), and fifth-level cut holes in the coal interlayer (2-5). The hole diameter of each coal interlayer cut hole is 42 mm. The distance between the cutting holes in adjacent coal interlayers is 50cm. The angle between each coal interlayer cutout hole and the horizontal direction is 60°. The vertical depth of the first-order cutout hole (2-1) in the coal interlayer is 2.8m. The vertical direction of the step cut hole (2-2), the third step cut hole in the coal interlayer (2-3), the fourth step cut hole in the coal interlayer (2-4), and the fifth step cut hole in the coal interlayer (2-5) Depth is 3.2m; If there is no coal interlayer in the area to be blasted (1-6) or the thickness of the coal interlayer is less than 40cm, it is defined as a full-rock fault. The middle range of 50cm in the area to be blasted (1-6) is the cutout area, and the spacing is arranged in the cutout area. There are four rows and two rows of 8 cut holes with a spacing of 50cm, which are whole-rock fault cut holes. From the first row of cut holes to the fourth row of cut holes, they are the whole-rock fault first-order cut holes (3 -1), whole-rock fault second-order cut holes (3-2), whole-rock fault third-order cut holes (3-3), whole-rock fault fourth-order cut holes (3-4), each whole-rock fault The hole diameter of the fault cut hole is 42mm. The angle between each whole-rock fault cut hole and the vertical direction is 60°. The vertical depth of the first-order cut hole (3-1) of the whole-rock fault is 2.8m. The vertical depth of the step cut hole (3-2), the whole rock fault third step cut hole (3-3), and the whole rock fault fourth step cut hole (3-4) is 3.2m. 4. A multi-stage cut blasting method for coal mine underground working faces passing through different structural faults according to claim 3, characterized in that: step two includes the following content: If it is a coal-bearing fault, 80cm above the coal interlayer cutout hole and 80cm below the coal interlayer cutout hole are the expansion areas. The expansion holes, that is, the coal-bearing fault expansion holes (2-6) are two rows and three columns 6 The coal-bearing fault expansion holes (2-6) are arranged in the center of the expansion area. The spacing between each row of coal-bearing fault expansion holes (2-6) is 80cm. Each coal-bearing fault expansion hole (2-6) is 6) They are all perpendicular to the working face, the diameter of each coal-bearing fault expansion hole (2-6) is 42mm, and the hole depth of each coal-bearing fault expansion hole (2-6) is 3.2m; If it is a full-rock fault, the two rows of full-rock fault cut-out holes are facing each other inward and facing away. The first row of full-rock fault cut-out holes is located 1m outside and the second row of full-rock fault cut-out holes is 1m outside. It is the expansion area. The expansion holes, that is, the whole-rock fault expansion holes (3-5) are 6 in three rows and two columns. The whole-rock fault expansion holes (3-5) are arranged in the center of the expansion area. Each column is full The spacing between rock fault expansion holes (3-5) is 1m. Each whole-rock fault expansion hole (3-5) is drilled perpendicular to the fault plane. The distance between each whole-rock fault expansion hole (3-5) is The hole diameter is 42mm, and the hole depth of each whole-rock fault expansion hole (3-5) is 3.2m. 5. A multi-stage cut blasting method for coal mine underground working faces passing through different structural faults according to claim 4, characterized in that: step two includes the following content: If it is a coal-bearing fault, the left side of the first-order cut hole (2-1) in the coal interlayer and the right side of the fifth-order cut hole (2-5) in the coal interlayer are the rock-breaking areas; the first-order cut hole in the coal interlayer A row of three coal-bearing fault first rock-breaking holes (2-7) are arranged 1m to the left of (2-1). A row of three coal-bearing fault second rock holes (2-8) are arranged 1.2m to the left of the rock hole (2-7). Arrange a row of 3 third coal-bearing fault rock holes 1.2m to the left of the second fault hole (2-8), and so on, until they are arranged to the edge of the fault; fifth-order cutting holes in the coal interlayer (2 -5), a row of three first rock holes (2-7) on the coal-bearing fault are arranged 1m to the right of the fifth-order cutout hole (2-5) in the coal interlayer. The first rock hole on the right side of the coal-bearing fault (2-5) is A row of three second rock-breaking holes (2-8) on the coal-bearing fault are arranged 1.2 meters to the right of 2-7). Arrange a row of three coal-bearing fault third rock holes 1.2 meters to the right of hole (2-8), and so on, until they are arranged to the edge of the fault; the diameter of each rock hole is 42mm, and the rock holes in each row The distance between the middle rows is 1.0m, each rock hole is drilled perpendicular to the fault plane, and the depth of each rock hole is 3.2m; If it is a whole-rock fault, the outside of the whole-rock fault expansion hole (3-5) is the rock-breaking area. Outside the whole-rock fault expansion hole (3-5), a row of 3 rock-breaking holes is arranged every 1.2m, which is the whole-rock fault. Rock-breaking holes (3-6) are arranged until they reach the edge of the fault; the diameter of each rock-breaking hole is 42mm, and the spacing between the rock-breaking holes in each row is 1.0m. Each rock-breaking hole is drilled perpendicular to the fault plane. The depth of each rock-breaking hole is 3.2m. 6. A multi-stage cut blasting method for coal mine underground working faces passing through different structural faults according to claim 5, characterized in that: step three includes the following content: If it is a coal-bearing fault, charge 2.2kg of explosives in the first-order cutout hole (2-1) in the coal interlayer, including 1.2kg of explosives at the bottom of the hole. Then install a digital electronic detonator, then seal it with sticky loess, and then continue to charge 1.0kg of explosives. , then install a digital electronic detonator, and then seal it with sticky loess; second-order cut holes in the coal interlayer (2-2), third-order cut holes in the coal interlayer (2-3), and fourth-order cut holes in the coal interlayer (2 -4). Use the same method to charge 2.7kg of explosives in the fifth-level cutout holes (2-5) in the coal interlayer, including 1.7kg of explosives at the bottom of the hole. Then install a digital electronic detonator, then continue to charge 1.0kg of explosives, and then install a digital electronic detonator. electronic detonator, and then filled with sticky loess; first-order cut holes in the coal interlayer (2-1), second-order cut holes in the coal interlayer (2-2), third-order cut holes in the coal interlayer (2-3), The fourth-stage cutout holes (2-4) in the coal interlayer and the fifth-stage cutout holes (2-5) in the coal interlayer adopt large series one-time detonation. The two detonation point detonators in each stage cutout hole are of the same type. Different stages of digital electronic detonators are used in the slots to achieve differential detonation. The explosives in the first-stage cutout hole (2-1) of the coal interlayer are detonated with stage I digital electronic detonators to create the second-stage cutout hole (2-1) in the coal interlayer. ) creates a new free surface, and the explosive in the second-stage cutout hole (2-1) of the coal interlayer is detonated with a stage II digital electronic detonator to create a new free surface for the third-stage cutout hole (2-3) in the coal interlayer. The explosive in the third-stage cutout hole (2-3) is detonated with a stage III digital electronic detonator to create a new free surface for the fourth-stage cutout hole (2-4) in the coal interlayer. ) is detonated with a stage IV digital electronic detonator to create a new free surface for the fifth-stage cutout hole (2-5) in the coal interlayer. The explosive inside the fifth-stage cutout hole (2-5) in the coal interlayer is detonated with a stage V digital electronic detonator. After detonation, the cutout area after the cutout hole blasting provides a new free surface for blasting in the expansion slot area; If it is a full-rock fault, charge 2.5kg of explosives in the first-order cutout hole (3-1) of the whole-rock fault, including 1.5kg of explosives at the bottom of the hole, then install a digital electronic detonator, then seal it with sticky loess, and then continue to charge 1.0 kg, then install a digital electronic detonator, and then seal it with sticky loess; the second-order cutout hole in the whole-rock fault coal layer (3-2), the third-order cutout hole in the whole-rock fault coal layer (3-3), the whole-rock fault coal layer The fourth-level cutout holes (3-4) in the fault coal interlayer are charged with 2.9kg of explosives in the same way, of which 1.9kg is charged at the bottom of the hole. Then a digital electronic detonator is installed, and then sealed with sticky loess, and then 1.0kg of explosives are continued. , then install a digital electronic detonator, and then seal it with sticky loess; first-order cutout holes in whole-rock faults (3-1), second-order cutout holes in whole-rock fault coal interlayers (3-2), and whole-rock fault coal interlayers. The third-stage cutout hole (3-3) and the fourth-stage cutout hole (3-4) in the whole-rock fault coal interlayer adopt large series single-stage detonation. The two detonation points in each stage cutout hole use the same segment number. Electronic detonators. Different stages of cutting holes use different digital electronic detonators to achieve micro-detonation. The explosives in the first-stage cutting holes (3-1) of whole-rock faults are detonated with I-stage digital electronic detonators to create coal interlayers in whole-rock faults. The second-stage cutout hole (3-2) creates a new free surface. The explosive in the second-stage cutout hole (3-2) of the whole-rock fault coal interlayer is detonated with a stage II digital electronic detonator, creating a third-stage cutout for the whole-rock fault coal interlayer. The slotted hole (3-3) creates a new free surface. The explosive in the third-order cutout hole (3-3) of the whole-rock fault coal interlayer is detonated with a stage III digital electronic detonator, forming a fourth-order cutout hole (3-3) of the whole-rock faulted coal interlayer. 3-4) Create a new free surface. The explosives in the fourth-order cutout hole (3-4) of the whole-rock fault coal interlayer are detonated with a stage IV digital electronic detonator. The cutout area after the cutout hole blasting provides space for blasting in the slot expansion area. New free side. 7. A multi-stage cut blasting method for underground coal mine working faces passing through different structural faults according to claim 6, characterized in that step four includes the following content: If it is a coal-bearing fault, charge 2.5kg for each expansion hole and each rock hole, including 1.5kg for the bottom of the hole. Then install a digital electronic detonator, seal it with sticky loess, and then continue to charge 1.0kg. Then install the digital electronic detonator, and then seal it with sticky loess; for the expansion hole, the digital electronic detonator at the opening is a section I digital electronic detonator, the digital electronic detonator at the bottom of the hole is a section II digital electronic detonator, and the section I digital electronic detonator The electronic detonator detonates first; for the first rock hole (2-7) on the coal-bearing fault, the digital electronic detonator at the bottom of the hole is a section II digital electronic detonator, and the digital electronic detonator at the hole entrance is a section I digital electronic detonator. For other For rock-breaking holes, the digital electronic detonator at the bottom of the hole is a stage IV digital electronic detonator, and the digital electronic detonator at the hole is a stage III digital electronic detonator. After blasting the groove expansion area, the rock-breaking area will be blasted; If it is a full-rock fault, charge 2.5kg for each expansion hole and each rock-breaking hole, including 1.5kg for the bottom of the hole. Then install a digital electronic detonator, seal it with sticky loess, and then continue to charge 1.0kg. Then install a digital electronic detonator, and then seal it with sticky loess; for the expansion hole, the digital electronic detonator at the opening is a section I digital electronic detonator, and the digital electronic detonator at the bottom of the hole is a section II digital electronic detonator. For rock breaking The digital electronic detonator at the hole entrance is a stage III digital electronic detonator, and the digital electronic detonator at the bottom of the hole is a stage IV digital electronic detonator. The groove expansion area and the rock breaking area are blasted simultaneously.