CN117145404B - Sand setting type sand prevention and gas prevention extraction machine extraction pipe column and use method thereof - Google Patents

Sand setting type sand prevention and gas prevention extraction machine extraction pipe column and use method thereof

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Publication number
CN117145404B
CN117145404B CN202311273626.5A CN202311273626A CN117145404B CN 117145404 B CN117145404 B CN 117145404B CN 202311273626 A CN202311273626 A CN 202311273626A CN 117145404 B CN117145404 B CN 117145404B
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
sand
pipe
gas
anchor
drainage
Prior art date
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Application number
CN202311273626.5A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN117145404A (en
Inventor
刘晓
邵小平
杨松
崔彬
陈忠辉
霍轶偲
张光荣
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
China Petroleum and Chemical Corp
Sinopec East China Oil and Gas Co
Original Assignee
China Petroleum and Chemical Corp
Sinopec East China Oil and Gas Co
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Application filed by China Petroleum and Chemical Corp, Sinopec East China Oil and Gas Co filed Critical China Petroleum and Chemical Corp
Priority to CN202311273626.5A priority Critical patent/CN117145404B/en
Publication of CN117145404A publication Critical patent/CN117145404A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN117145404B publication Critical patent/CN117145404B/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B34/00—Valve arrangements for boreholes or wells
    • E21B34/06—Valve arrangements for boreholes or wells in wells
    • E21B34/14—Valve arrangements for boreholes or wells in wells operated by movement of tools, e.g. sleeve valves operated by pistons or wire line tools
    • E21B34/142—Valve arrangements for boreholes or wells in wells operated by movement of tools, e.g. sleeve valves operated by pistons or wire line tools unsupported or free-falling elements, e.g. balls, plugs, darts or pistons
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/12—Methods or apparatus for controlling the flow of the obtained fluid to or in wells
    • E21B43/121—Lifting well fluids
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B2200/00—Special features related to earth drilling for obtaining oil, gas or water
    • E21B2200/04—Ball valves

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Details Of Reciprocating Pumps (AREA)
  • Jet Pumps And Other Pumps (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a sand setting type sand prevention and gas prevention drainage and extraction machine pumping pipe column and a use method thereof, wherein the drainage and extraction machine pumping pipe column comprises a drainage and extraction pump cylinder and a plunger, and the drainage and extraction pump cylinder consists of a long pump cylinder, a sand setting pipe, a central pipe and a liquid inlet valve; the lower end of the long pump barrel is connected with a sand setting pipe, the lower end of the sand setting pipe is connected with a gas anchor, the central pipe is arranged in the sand setting pipe, the lower end of the central pipe is connected with the inner wall of the lower end of the sand setting pipe, the upper end of the central pipe is provided with a liquid inlet valve, the plunger is sleeved in the long pump barrel, the liquid inlet valve is internally provided with a lower return spring, and the gas anchor is provided with an exhaust liquid flow channel. The invention solves the problems of air lock, sand blocking, sand burying and ball valve leakage of the conventional drainage pump in the coal bed methane machine mining well.

Description

Sand setting type sand prevention and gas prevention extraction machine extraction pipe column and use method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of sand-proof and gas-proof equipment for a coal-bed gas well machine, in particular to a sand-setting sand-proof and gas-proof extraction machine extraction pipe column and a use method thereof.
Background
Coal dust is generated by coal bed instability damage caused by the actions of drilling, fracturing engineering and drainage disturbance, and can be divided into residual coal dust in drilling according to coal dust sources, coal dust is generated by coal dust generated by well wall instability, coal dust is generated by coal dust matrix breakage, the liquid yield of a gas well is reduced due to the existence of the coal dust, the coal dust falls on a fixed valve seat of a drainage tube pump, the fixed valve is not tightly closed, the pump is lost, part of well coal dust buries a fixed valve channel, a liquid inlet channel is blocked, and the coal dust is adhered to a pump plunger, so that the pump is blocked.
The hydraulic fracturing transformation technology is an effective yield increasing method for coal bed gas exploitation, and is characterized in that high-pressure driving water flow is accompanied with propping agents such as quartz sand, ceramsite and the like to squeeze into original and newly-built cracks in a reservoir, so that the cracks are widened and stretched, more secondary cracks are generated in the reservoir, channels with higher diversion capability can be generated, a shaft and the reservoir are effectively communicated, the single well control area and the yield of a coal bed gas well are improved, after fracturing is completed, the gas well is discharged in the water drainage and gas production process, the bottom hole flowing pressure is reduced along with water discharge in the cracks, the propping agents such as quartz sand, ceramsite and the like in the particle size enter a well barrel and a pump, after the sand enters the pump barrel, the sand falls on a fixed valve seat of a drainage and production pipe pump, so that a fixed valve channel is not strictly leaked, and a part of the well sand and coal dust can be blocked after being mixed, so that a liquid inlet channel is blocked.
The bottom of a rod pump of the conventional machine pumping pipe column structure is sequentially connected with an air anchor, a tail pipe and a plug from top to bottom, after sand and coal dust are mixed in an air-water mixture produced by a stratum and enter the air anchor, due to density difference, air is separated to return to an oil sleeve annulus, coal dust, sand and coal dust are separated to deposit the tail pipe under the influence of gravity, and when the tail pipe is full of the coal dust and sand deposit in the tail pipe, the coal dust and the sand are extremely easy to enter a pump barrel, so that a pump is blocked and a pump liquid inlet is blocked, and the rod pump cannot work normally.
CN115788319a discloses a method for preventing sand and coal dust under the gas well of the coal seam, in which an upper and a lower sets of drainage devices are arranged, a coal seam gas well is developed by constructing a seam with a two-well structure on the ground, and the fracturing modification is sequentially carried out on the lower structural coal and the upper primary structural coal. The packer is used for hanging the lower drainage and production pipe column at the top plate position of the structural coal producing layer, so that flowback fluid, stratum water and coalbed methane produced by the structural coal producing layer can enter the lower drainage and production pipe column through the wire-wrapping sieve tube, propping agent and coal dust produced by the structural coal producing layer in a large amount are blocked from entering the inner part of the drainage and production pipe column, and the propping agent and the coal dust sink into an artificial well bottom under the action of gravity. The sand prevention and coal dust prevention of the lower drainage and production pipe column are utilized, the risk of pump blockage is reduced, and the continuity of the drainage and production process of the coal bed methane well in the layer-by-layer development is ensured. The method is particularly suitable for coal bed gas drainage under the condition that a large amount of sand and powder are poured in the combined layer drainage process when the coal bed gas main force production layer coal body structure of the middle and lower part coal bed gas of the coal system is broken.
The prior art is not provided with an air anchor, and when air in liquid enters the pump cavity, air lock and other influences can be caused to the working of the drainage pump.
The utility model discloses a CN206770187U, discloses a prevent buggy double-acting suction pump for coal bed gas drainage and production, including fixed valve, traveling valve, sealed nipple joint, "worker" shape plunger, hollow connecting rod, connecting rod side valve, ladder inner pump barrel, inner pump barrel side valve, outer pump barrel, sand control valve, oil pipe, fixed valve be connected with outer pump barrel, traveling valve and lower extreme plunger are connected, and inner pump barrel and outer pump barrel rigid connection form the annular space, and sealed nipple joint is connected with inner pump barrel, and connecting rod unilateral valve is installed in the connecting rod recess, and inner pump barrel unilateral valve is installed on inner pump barrel, and oil pipe is connected with outer pump barrel, divides into 3 cavitys such as A, B, C with the suction pump, and inner pump barrel and outer pump barrel rigid connection constitute annular space, and beneficial effect that structural fit is compact, safe and reliable can increase the water displacement, improves the pump efficiency, reduces energy consumption and cost, effectively prevents buggy deposit and buries the pump phenomenon.
The prior art is not provided with an air anchor, and when air in liquid enters the pump cavity, air lock and other influences can be caused to the working of the drainage pump.
CN211342891U discloses a steering air anchor, which comprises an upper joint, a positioning sealing plate, a separating cylinder, a separating plate, a baffle and a lower joint, wherein a hanging shoulder is arranged below an internal thread at the upper part of the separating cylinder, the upper part of the separating plate is fixed on the left side surface of the positioning sealing plate, the baffle is connected to the lower end of the separating plate, a sieve pore is arranged at the lower part of the separating plate, the baffle is positioned at the left side of the separating plate, the positioning sealing plate is positioned at the right side of the separating plate, the positioning sealing plate is located on the hanging shoulder below the internal thread at the upper part of the separating cylinder, the separating plate is inserted into the separating cylinder, the lower part of the separating plate reaches the lower part of the separating cylinder, the separating cylinder is divided into a separating cavity and a liquid outlet cavity by the separating plate, a liquid inlet groove is arranged at one side of the upper part of the separating cylinder and is communicated with the upper part of the separating cavity by the positioning sealing plate, the baffle is blocked at the lower end of the liquid outlet cavity, so that fluid entering the separating cavity through the liquid inlet groove can only flow downwards into the sieve pore to enter the liquid outlet cavity, and the lower part of the separating cylinder is connected with the lower joint.
When the prior art is used, a large amount of gas moves upwards along the pipe wall, moves upwards along the baffle and the partition plate, and enters the oil pipe from the through hole of the partition plate.
In summary, the technical scheme of the above disclosed technology, the technical problems to be solved and the beneficial effects are different from those of the present invention, and the above disclosed technical documents have no technical teaching for more technical features of the present invention, the technical problems to be solved and the beneficial effects.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a sand setting type sand prevention gas drainage and production machine pumping pipe column and a use method thereof, which effectively solve the problems of gas lock, sand blocking, sand burying and ball valve leakage of a conventional drainage and production pump in a coal bed gas machine production well.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
The sand setting type sand prevention gas-proof extraction machine extraction pipe column comprises an extraction pump cylinder and a plunger, wherein the extraction pump cylinder consists of a long pump cylinder, a sand setting pipe, a central pipe and a liquid inlet valve;
the lower end of the long pump cylinder is connected with a sand setting pipe, and the lower end of the sand setting pipe is connected with an air anchor;
the central pipe is arranged in the sand setting pipe, the lower end of the central pipe is connected with the inner wall of the lower end of the sand setting pipe, the upper end of the central pipe is provided with a liquid inlet valve, and the plunger is sleeved in the long pump cylinder;
The gas anchor is provided with an exhaust flow channel.
The plunger consists of a pull rod, an upper liquid outlet valve, a short plunger and a lower liquid outlet valve;
The lower end of the pull rod is connected with the upper end of the short plunger, and the upper end of the pull rod is connected with the sucker rod plunger;
an upper liquid outlet valve is arranged at the upper end of the inner wall of the short plunger, a lower liquid inlet valve is arranged at the lower end of the inner wall of the short plunger, and the short plunger is of a structure with an annular sand carrying groove;
an upper return spring is arranged in the lower liquid outlet valve.
The air anchor comprises an air anchor outer pipe and an air anchor baffle;
The upper end of the outer tube of the air anchor is connected with a sand setting tube;
the air anchor baffle consists of two bending thin plates which are inlaid on the air anchor outer tube, the air anchor baffle is divided into an upper baffle and a lower baffle, and the upper baffle and the lower baffle are arranged in opposite directions, so that an exhaust liquid flow channel in the air anchor outer tube is a Z-shaped liquid flow channel;
And an air hole is formed in the top of the ascending section of the inlet of the Z-shaped liquid flow channel of the air anchor outer tube.
At least two air holes are formed.
An oil pipe nipple is arranged between the sand setting pipe and the gas anchor outer pipe;
the lower end of the air anchor outer tube is connected with an oil tube joint;
and the lower part of the oil pipe joint is connected with a tail pipe or a screen pipe.
The long pump cylinder upper end is connected with an upper coupling, and the upper end of the upper coupling is connected with an oil pipe.
The central pipe and the sand setting pipe form an annular sand setting cavity, a supporting ring is arranged below the liquid inlet valve in the annular sand setting cavity, and a through hole or a through groove is arranged on the supporting ring.
A use method of a sand setting type sand prevention gas drainage and extraction machine pumping string,
S1, preparing for the operation of the well,
Firstly, connecting a drainage pump cylinder with a gas anchor, connecting the upper end of the drainage pump cylinder with an oil pipe, connecting the lower end of the gas anchor with a tail pipe and a screen pipe, and lowering the tail pipe and the screen pipe into a designed position in a drainage well along with an oil pipe column;
then the upper end of the plunger is connected with the sucker rod, and the plunger is put into the bottom of the oil pipe together with the sucker rod, and is contacted with the drainage pump cylinder, and the plunger enters the drainage pump cylinder;
s2, pumping operation, wherein the plunger is driven by the sucker rod column to reciprocate up and down in a long pump barrel of the drainage pump barrel;
when the upper stroke is performed, the upper liquid outlet valve and the lower liquid inlet valve are closed under the pressure of the oil pipe column, liquid at the upper part of the plunger is lifted to the ground, the volume of a pump cavity at the lower part of the plunger is increased, the pressure is reduced, the liquid inlet valve is opened under the pressure of an oil sleeve annulus, liquid in a coal bed, sand grains carried by the liquid, coal dust and part of gas flow into the pump cavity along the gas anchor channel;
during the downstroke, the volume of the pump cavity is reduced, the pressure is increased, the upper liquid outlet valve and the lower liquid inlet valve are opened under the action of liquid in the pump cavity, the oil pipe cavity at the upper part of the plunger is communicated with the pump cavity at the lower part of the plunger, meanwhile, the liquid inlet valve is closed under the action of oil pressure in the pump cavity, the liquid in the pump cavity is extruded into the oil pipe cavity, and at the moment, sand grains, coal dust and a small amount of gas carried by the liquid enter the oil pipe cavity together;
S3, when the pumping is stopped, the liquid in the pump cavity is in a static state, sand grains and coal beds can downwards precipitate under the action of gravity, a part of precipitates directly fall into the annular sand settling cavity between the sand settling pipe and the central pipe, and a part of precipitates firstly fall onto the conical surface at the upper part of the liquid inlet valve and slide into the annular sand settling cavity along with the increase of the deposits;
Meanwhile, the coalbed methane in the liquid in the tail pipe at the lower part of the gas anchor continuously escapes, and escapes along the top air hole of the ascending section of the Z-shaped channel inlet in the gas anchor and returns to the air of the oil collar again, and sand grains and coal dust carried in a small amount of liquid remained in the short joint of the oil pipe at the upper part of the gas anchor and the central pipe at the lower part of the liquid inlet valve can be precipitated and fall into the bottom of the gas anchor baffle under the action of gravity.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
a larger annular sand setting cavity is designed below the liquid inlet valve of the drainage pump barrel, so that enough deposition space is ensured, and leakage caused by the fact that the liquid inlet valve is not closed tightly is avoided;
the stability of the central tube is enhanced by arranging the supporting ring, so that the length of the central tube is increased;
The Z-shaped runner gas anchor changes the sand setting and upper liquid feeding of the traditional tail pipe, avoids the full deposition of the tail pipe, increases the sand setting space, improves the separation effect of gas, liquid, coal dust and sand, effectively reduces the sand, coal dust and gas entering a pump cylinder, reduces the influence of sand grains, coal dust and coal bed gas in well liquid on a drainage pump, and improves the drainage efficiency.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a sand setting type sand control gas-tight extraction string of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the plunger upstroke of a sand setting type sand control gas production and drainage machine extraction string according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the downstroke of a plunger of a sand setting type sand control gas drainage and production machine extraction string according to the present invention;
In the figure, 1, an upper coupling, 2, a long pump cylinder, 3, a sand settling pipe, 4, a supporting ring, 5, a central pipe, 6, a lower return spring, 7, a liquid inlet valve, 8, a pull rod, 9, an upper liquid outlet valve, 10, a short plunger, 11, an upper return spring, 12, a lower liquid inlet valve, 13, an oil pipe nipple, 14, an air anchor outer pipe, 15, an air anchor baffle, 16, an oil pipe joint, I, an oil pipe cavity, II, a pump cavity, III, an annular sand settling cavity and IV, an air hole.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1, the sand setting type sand-prevention gas-prevention drainage and mining machine pumping pipe column and the use method thereof provided by the invention comprise a drainage and mining pump cylinder and a plunger, wherein the drainage and mining pump cylinder consists of a long pump cylinder 2, a sand setting pipe 3, a central pipe 5 and a liquid inlet valve 7, the lower end of the long pump cylinder 2 is connected with the sand setting pipe 3, the lower end of the sand setting pipe 3 is connected with a gas anchor, the central pipe 5 is arranged in the sand setting pipe 3, the lower end of the central pipe 5 is connected with the inner wall of the lower end of the sand setting pipe, the upper end of the central pipe is provided with the liquid inlet valve 7, the plunger is sleeved in the long pump cylinder 2, the liquid inlet valve 7 is internally provided with a lower return spring 6, and the lower return spring 6 helps the first valve ball in the liquid inlet valve 7 to return.
An exhaust liquid flow channel is arranged in the air anchor.
The plunger consists of a pull rod 8, an upper liquid outlet valve 9, a short plunger 10 and a lower liquid outlet valve 12, wherein the pull rod 8 is connected with the upper end of the short plunger 10, the upper end of the inner wall of the short plunger 10 is provided with the upper liquid outlet valve 9, the lower end of the inner wall of the short plunger 10 is provided with the lower liquid inlet valve 12, the pull rod 8 is connected with a sucker rod, the short plunger 10 is of a structure with an annular sand carrying groove, namely, an annular groove is arranged on the outer wall of the short plunger 10, sand cannot stay in a matching gap when the short plunger 10 is sealed with a long pump cylinder 2, the surface of a part is strained, the annular groove is not shown in the figure, but the situation is clear for a person skilled in the art, and an upper return spring 11 is arranged in the lower liquid outlet valve 12 to help a second valve ball in the lower liquid outlet valve 12 to reset in time.
The gas anchor comprises a gas anchor outer tube 14 and a gas anchor baffle 15, wherein the upper end of the gas anchor outer tube 14 is connected with a sand setting tube 3, the gas anchor baffle 15 is composed of two bending thin plates inlaid on the gas anchor outer tube 14, the gas anchor baffle 15 is divided into an upper baffle and a lower baffle, the upper baffle and the lower baffle are installed in opposite directions, so that a Z-shaped flow channel is formed inside the gas anchor outer tube 14, at least two air holes IV are formed in the top of an ascending section of an inlet of the Z-shaped flow channel of the gas anchor outer tube 14, based on a gas-liquid separation principle, gas escapes upwards from liquid in the upward flow process of the liquid, then is concentrated near the air holes IV, and returns to an oil jacket annulus outside the gas anchor outer tube 14 again from the air holes IV, so that gas entering a drainage pump cylinder is reduced, and gas lock is caused.
An oil pipe nipple 13 is arranged between the sand setting pipe 3 and the air anchor outer pipe 14, the lower end of the air anchor outer pipe 14 is connected with an oil pipe joint, and the lower part of the oil pipe joint 16 is connected with a tail pipe or a sieve pipe.
The upper end of the long pump cylinder 2 is connected with an upper coupling 1, and the upper part of the upper coupling 1 is connected with an oil pipe.
The central tube 5 and the sand setting tube 3 form an annular sand setting cavity III, and as the central tube 5 is longer, the supporting ring 4 is arranged below the liquid inlet valve 7 in the annular sand setting cavity III to play a role of supporting the central tube 5, and the supporting ring 4 is provided with a through hole or a through groove so as not to partition the annular sand setting cavity III.
The application method is as follows:
S1, preparing for well running operation, namely connecting the upper end of a drainage pump cylinder with an oil pipe, connecting the lower end of the drainage pump cylinder with a tail pipe and a sieve pipe, putting the upper end of a plunger pull rod 8 into a designed position in a drainage well along with an oil pipe column, connecting the upper end of the plunger pull rod 8 with an oil pumping rod, putting the plunger pull rod into the bottom of the oil pipe along with the oil pumping rod column, realizing pump collision with the drainage pump cylinder, and putting a plunger into a long pump cylinder 2.
S2, pumping operation, wherein the plunger is driven by the sucker rod column to reciprocate up and down in the long pump cylinder 2 of the drainage pump cylinder;
During the upward stroke, the plunger is driven by the sucker rod to move upwards, the upper liquid outlet valve 9 and the lower liquid inlet valve 12 are closed under the pressure of the oil pipe column, the liquid at the upper part of the plunger is lifted to the ground, the volume of the pump cavity at the lower part of the plunger is increased, the pressure is reduced, the liquid inlet valve 7 is opened under the pressure of the oil jacket annulus, the liquid in the coal bed, sand grains carried by the liquid, coal dust and part of gas flow into the pump cavity II along the gas anchor channel, when the ascending section is arranged at the inlet of the Z-shaped channel of the gas anchor, the top of the ascending section forms a low pressure area due to the difference of the density of oil gas, most of the gas escapes from the liquid and returns to the oil collar space along the air hole IV again, thus realizing gas-liquid separation, and the rest of the gas continues to flow into the pump cavity along the Z-shaped channel of the gas anchor,
During the downstroke, the plunger promotes the decline under the action of sucker rod plunger gravity, and pump chamber II volume reduces, and pressure increase goes up liquid valve 9, lower feed liquor valve 12 and opens under pump chamber II liquid effect, and the oil pipe chamber I of plunger upper portion communicates with pump chamber II of lower part, and feed liquor valve 7 closes under the action of pump chamber II internal oil pressure simultaneously, and pump chamber II internal liquid is extruded to in the oil pipe chamber I, and at this moment, sand grain, buggy and the little gas that liquid carried also get into oil pipe chamber I along with it.
And S3, when the pumping is stopped, the liquid in the pump cavity II is in a static state, sand grains and coal beds are precipitated downwards under the action of gravity, part of sediment directly falls into an annular sand settling cavity III between the sand settling pipe 3 and the central pipe 5, the other part of sediment firstly falls onto a conical surface at the upper part of the liquid inlet valve, and slides into the annular sand settling cavity III along with the increase of the sediment, and because the annular sand settling cavity III is longer, the sediment comprises enough sand grains or coal dust and other impurities from an oil pipe, the phenomenon that the liquid inlet valve is buried by sand and blocked by sand is reduced, meanwhile, the coal bed gas in the liquid in the tail pipe at the lower part of the gas anchor continuously escapes upwards due to the difference of oil gas density and escapes from an air hole at the top of an ascending section along an inlet of a Z-shaped channel in the gas anchor, sand grains and coal dust carried in a small quantity of the liquid left in the central pipe 5 at the lower part of the oil pipe nipple 13 at the upper part of the gas anchor and the liquid inlet valve 7 fall into the bottom of the gas anchor baffle 15 due to the action of gravity, and the sediment is not influenced by the sediment in the flow passage in the gas anchor.
Compared with the conventional drainage and production pipe column structure, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) The design length of the sand setting pipe 3 and the central pipe 5 at the lower part of the sand setting pump barrel of the sand setting sand prevention gas drainage and production machine pump string reaches several meters, the sand setting pipe has a larger annular sand setting cavity III, and can deposit enough sand grains or coal dust and other impurities from an oil pipe, no matter when the pump works normally or stops pumping, the liquid inlet valve 7 cannot be influenced by the sand grains and other sediments, the design length can be adjusted at will according to the sand content degree of the well condition, the size of the sand setting space is changed, and the sand setting pump has stronger well condition adaptability compared with the conventional sand setting pump, and is particularly suitable for a drainage and production well with more sand grains and coal dust.
(2) The lower part of the liquid inlet valve 7 of the sand-settling sand-prevention gas-prevention extraction machine pumping pipe column is provided with a Z-shaped liquid flow channel for separating gas, during normal operation, the gas anchor is used as a gas-liquid separation device for efficiently separating gas-containing liquid entering the pump cavity, the influence of gas entering the pump cavity on the gas lock and the like caused by the operation of the extraction pump is reduced, and due to the special baffle design in the gas anchor, the sand grain and the pulverized coal in the liquid are not easy to be accumulated and accumulated, the flow channel in the gas anchor is blocked, the liquid flow resistance is increased, the liquid supply of the extraction pump is insufficient, and compared with the conventional spiral gas anchor and other structures, the sand grain and pulverized coal-prevention sand-prevention gas-extraction machine pumping pipe column is more suitable for an extraction well containing sand grains and pulverized coal.
(3) The special Z-shaped liquid flow channel of the sand setting sand prevention gas drainage and production machine pumping pipe column structure changes the sand setting sand of the traditional tail pipe and upper liquid inlet, so that sand and coal dust directly sink into the bottom of the well, the sand setting sand accumulation of the tail pipe of the traditional machine pumping structure is avoided, and the sand entering liquid inlet valve is closed and is not leaked.
(4) The liquid inlet valve 7 and the lower liquid inlet valve 12 of the sand setting sand prevention gas drainage and production machine pumping pipe column are respectively provided with a return spring, when the drainage and production pump is applied to an inclined shaft, the return springs can help the valve ball in the valve cover to be closed in time, so that the leakage of the ball valve is reduced, the drainage and production efficiency is improved, and the sand setting sand prevention gas drainage and production machine pumping pipe column also has strong inclined shaft adaptability.
(5) The pipe column structure does not need well flushing operation, has enough sand setting capacity, avoids the phenomena of sand blocking, sand burying and the like between pump cylinder plungers, and prolongs the service life.
(6) The pipe column has the advantages of simple structure, good reliability, convenient well starting and descending operation and reduced development cost of coal bed gas fields.
In conclusion, the invention effectively solves the problems of sand blocking, sand burying, air lock, ball valve leakage and the like of the conventional drainage pump in the coal bed methane mechanical production well, and has long service life, high pump efficiency and wide application range.
The parts themselves which are not discussed in the application and the connection modes of the parts in the application all belong to the known technology in the technical field. The preparation can be directly applied and is not repeated.
In the present invention, the term "plurality" means two or more, unless explicitly defined otherwise. The terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly, as they are used in a fixed or removable connection, or as they are integral with one another, as they are directly or indirectly connected through intervening media. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the directions or positional relationships indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", etc. are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or units referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present specification, the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "particular embodiments," and the like, mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, but various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1.一种沉砂式防砂防气排采机抽管柱，包括排采泵筒和柱塞，其特征在于，所述排采泵筒由长泵筒、沉砂管、中心管、进液阀组成；1. A sand-absorbing and gas-proof drainage machine extraction string, comprising a drainage pump cylinder and a plunger, characterized in that the drainage pump cylinder is composed of a long pump cylinder, a sand-absorbing pipe, a central pipe, and an inlet valve; 所述长泵筒下端与沉砂管连接，所述沉砂管下端与气锚连接；The lower end of the long pump cylinder is connected to the sedimentation pipe, and the lower end of the sedimentation pipe is connected to the air anchor. 所述中心管设置在沉砂管内，所述中心管下端与沉砂管下端内壁连接，所述中心管上端设置有进液阀，所述柱塞套装在长泵筒内；所述进液阀内设置有下部回位弹簧；The central tube is installed inside the sedimentation tube, and the lower end of the central tube is connected to the inner wall of the lower end of the sedimentation tube. An inlet valve is installed at the upper end of the central tube, and the plunger is fitted inside the long pump cylinder. A lower return spring is installed inside the inlet valve. 所述气锚设置有排气液流通道；The air anchor is equipped with an exhaust liquid flow channel; 所述气锚包括气锚外管、气锚挡板；The air anchor includes an air anchor outer tube and an air anchor baffle; 所述气锚外管上端与沉砂管连接；The upper end of the outer pipe of the air anchor is connected to the sand sinking pipe; 所述气锚挡板由两块镶嵌在气锚外管上的折弯薄板组成，所述气锚挡板分为上挡板与下挡板，所述上挡板与下挡板呈相对方向安装，使气锚外管内部的排气液流通道呈“Z”字型液流通道；The air anchor baffle consists of two bent thin plates embedded in the air anchor outer tube. The air anchor baffle is divided into an upper baffle and a lower baffle. The upper baffle and the lower baffle are installed in opposite directions, so that the exhaust liquid flow channel inside the air anchor outer tube is a "Z" shaped liquid flow channel. 所述气锚外管在“Z”字型液流通道入口上升段顶部设置有气孔。The air anchor outer pipe has an air hole at the top of the rising section at the inlet of the "Z"-shaped liquid flow channel. 2.根据权利要求1所述的一种沉砂式防砂防气排采机抽管柱，其特征在于，所述柱塞由拉杆、上出液阀、短柱塞及下出液阀组成；2. The extraction string of a sedimentation-type sand control and gas drainage machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the plunger is composed of a pull rod, an upper liquid outlet valve, a short plunger and a lower liquid outlet valve; 所述拉杆下端与短柱塞上端连接，所述拉杆上端与抽油杆柱相连；The lower end of the pull rod is connected to the upper end of the short plunger, and the upper end of the pull rod is connected to the sucker rod string; 所述短柱塞内壁上端设置有上出液阀、下端设置有下进液阀，所述短柱塞为带环形携砂槽结构；The short plunger has an upper liquid outlet valve at the upper end and a lower liquid inlet valve at the lower end on its inner wall. The short plunger has a structure with an annular sand-carrying groove. 所述下出液阀内设置有上部回位弹簧。The lower discharge valve is equipped with an upper return spring. 3.根据权利要求2所述的一种沉砂式防砂防气排采机抽管柱，其特征在于，所述气孔至少设置两个。3. The extraction pipe column of the sand-prevention and gas-prevention drainage machine according to claim 2, characterized in that at least two air holes are provided. 4.根据权利要求2所述的一种沉砂式防砂防气排采机抽管柱，其特征在于，所述沉砂管与气锚外管之间设置有油管短节；4. The sand-absorbing and gas-proof drainage machine extraction string according to claim 2, characterized in that an oil pipe short section is provided between the sand-absorbing pipe and the gas anchor outer pipe; 所述气锚外管下端连接有油管接头；The lower end of the outer pipe of the air anchor is connected to an oil pipe joint. 所述油管接头下部连接尾管或筛管。The lower part of the oil pipe joint is connected to the tail pipe or screen pipe. 5.根据权利要求1所述的一种沉砂式防砂防气排采机抽管柱，其特征在于，所述长泵筒上端连接有上接箍，所述上接箍上端连接油管。5. The extraction string of a sand-prevention and gas-prevention drainage machine according to claim 1, characterized in that an upper coupling is connected to the upper end of the long pump cylinder, and an oil pipe is connected to the upper end of the upper coupling. 6.根据权利要求1所述的一种沉砂式防砂防气排采机抽管柱，其特征在于，所述中心管与沉砂管形成环形沉砂腔，所述环形沉砂腔在进液阀下方设置有支承环，所述支承环上设置有通孔或通槽。6. The extraction pipe column of the sand-prevention and gas-prevention drainage machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the central pipe and the sand-prevention pipe form an annular sand-prevention cavity, the annular sand-prevention cavity is provided with a support ring below the liquid inlet valve, and the support ring is provided with a through hole or through groove. 7.一种沉砂式防砂防气排采机抽管柱的使用方法，其特征在于，使用权利要求4所述的一种沉砂式防砂防气排采机抽管柱包括以下步骤：7. A method for using a suction string for a sand-absorbing and gas-preventing extraction machine, characterized in that using the suction string for a sand-absorbing and gas-preventing extraction machine as described in claim 4 includes the following steps: S1、下井作业准备，S1. Preparation for well entry operation 先将排采泵筒、气锚连接好，排采泵筒上端连接油管，气锚下端连接尾管及筛管，随油管柱一起下入排采井中设计位置；First, connect the drainage pump barrel and the gas anchor. Connect the oil pipe to the upper end of the drainage pump barrel and the tail pipe and screen pipe to the lower end of the gas anchor. Lower them into the drainage well at the designed position along with the oil pipe string. 然后再将柱塞的上端与抽油杆联接，随抽油杆柱一起下入油管底部，与排采泵筒实现碰泵，柱塞进入排采泵筒内；Then connect the upper end of the plunger to the sucker rod, and lower it into the bottom of the tubing along with the sucker rod, so that it can collide with the drainage pump barrel and the plunger enters the drainage pump barrel; S2、抽汲作业，柱塞在抽油杆柱的带动下，在排采泵筒的长泵筒中作上下往复运动；S2. Pumping operation: The plunger, driven by the sucker rod string, moves up and down reciprocally in the long pump barrel of the pumping pump. S3、停抽时，泵腔内的液体处于静止状态，砂粒和煤层会因重力作用向下沉淀，一部分沉淀物直接落入沉砂管与中心管之间的环形沉砂腔中，一部分会先落在进液阀上部的锥面上，随着堆积物增多而滑落到环形沉砂腔中；S3. When pumping stops, the liquid in the pump chamber is in a static state. Sand and coal will settle downwards due to gravity. Some of the sediment will fall directly into the annular sedimentation chamber between the sedimentation pipe and the central pipe. Some of the sediment will first fall onto the cone surface above the inlet valve and slide into the annular sedimentation chamber as the sediment accumulates. 同时，气锚下部尾管内液体中的煤层气继续不断上逸，并沿着气锚内“Z”型通道入口上升段顶部气孔处逸出，重新回到油套环空中；气锚上部油管短节及进液阀下部中心管内残留的少量液体中携带的砂粒、煤粉因重力作用将会沉淀落入气锚挡板底部。Meanwhile, the coalbed methane in the liquid in the lower tailpipe of the gas anchor continues to rise and escapes through the top air hole of the "Z"-shaped channel inlet in the gas anchor, returning to the annulus. The sand and coal dust carried in the small amount of liquid remaining in the upper oil pipe section and the lower central pipe of the inlet valve of the gas anchor will settle and fall to the bottom of the gas anchor baffle due to gravity. 8.根据权利要求7所述的一种沉砂式防砂防气排采机抽管柱的使用方法，其特征在于，所述排采泵筒的长泵筒中作上下往复运动时：8. The method of using the extraction pipe column of the sedimentation sand control and gas drainage machine according to claim 7, characterized in that, when the drainage pump cylinder moves up and down reciprocatingly in the long pump cylinder: 上行程时，上出液阀、下进液阀在油管柱压力下关闭，柱塞上部的液体被提出至地面，柱塞下部泵腔容积增大,压力下降，进液阀在油套环空的压力作用下打开,煤层中的液体、及其携带的砂粒、煤粉和部分气体一起沿着气锚通道流向泵腔中；在通过气锚“Z”字型液流通道入口上升段时，大部分气体从液体中逸出，沿着气孔重新回到油套环空中，其余部分则继续沿着气锚“Z”型通道流入泵腔；During the upward stroke, the upper outlet valve and the lower inlet valve close under the pressure of the tubing column, and the liquid in the upper part of the plunger is lifted to the ground. The volume of the pump chamber in the lower part of the plunger increases and the pressure drops. The inlet valve opens under the pressure of the annulus. The liquid in the coal seam, along with the sand, coal dust and some gas it carries, flows into the pump chamber along the gas anchor channel. When passing through the inlet section of the gas anchor "Z"-shaped liquid flow channel, most of the gas escapes from the liquid and returns to the annulus along the gas hole. The rest continues to flow into the pump chamber along the gas anchor "Z"-shaped channel. 下行程时，泵腔容积减小，压力增大，上出液阀、下进液阀在泵腔液体作用下打开，柱塞上部的油管腔与下部的泵腔连通，同时进液阀在泵腔内油压作用下关闭，泵腔内液体被挤出至油管腔中，此时，液体携带的砂粒、煤粉及少量气体也随之一起进入油管腔中。During the downward stroke, the pump chamber volume decreases and the pressure increases. The upper outlet valve and the lower inlet valve open under the action of the liquid in the pump chamber, and the oil pipe chamber above the plunger connects with the lower pump chamber. At the same time, the inlet valve closes under the action of the oil pressure in the pump chamber, and the liquid in the pump chamber is squeezed out into the oil pipe chamber. At this time, the sand particles, coal dust and a small amount of gas carried by the liquid also enter the oil pipe chamber together.
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