CN117139820A - Positioning and clamping device for ball cage assembly and assembly method - Google Patents

Abstract

The application discloses a positioning and clamping device for a ball cage assembly, which is used for positioning and clamping a shaft head assembled with a ball cage, and comprises: the clamping device comprises a chuck, a clamping jaw mechanism and a driving mechanism, wherein the driving mechanism drives the clamping jaw mechanism to move between a clamping position and a loosening position; the jaw mechanism comprises a body part and a clamping part which are connected with the driving mechanism, and the body part is provided with an avoidance groove; the clamping portion forms a clamping surface configured to abut against an outer peripheral surface of the connecting end of the stub shaft when the jaw mechanism is in the clamped position, and a pressing surface configured to abut against a rear end surface of the connecting end of the stub shaft when the jaw mechanism is in the clamped position. The assembly method for the ball cage assembly, which is realized by the positioning and clamping device, is also disclosed. The application can be used for positioning and clamping the shaft heads assembled with the ball cages, thereby changing the assembly sequence to greatly improve the assembly efficiency and greatly reducing the risk of damaging the shaft heads by the clamp.

Description

A positioning clamping device and assembly method for ball cage assembly

Technical field

The invention belongs to the field of clamp equipment, and in particular relates to a positioning clamping device and an assembly method for a ball cage assembly.

Background technique

The ball cage structure is generally used on automobile transmission shafts. The ball cage has the advantages of high constant speed and high transmission efficiency. The ball cage assembly generally includes a ball cage, a shaft head and a shaft tube. During assembly, one end of the shaft head is generally pressed into the internal splines in the ball cage through the external splines on it, and the other end of the shaft head is connected to the rear Shaft tube friction welding. Friction welding refers to a method that uses the friction heat generated by the mutual friction between two workpieces to be welded to heat and melt the friction surfaces, and then pressurize and cool them to connect them together.

In the related art, the assembly process of the ball cage assembly is very complicated, the assembly efficiency is low, and the requirements for assembly tools are high, and even multiple sets of assembly tools need to be prepared. In addition, in the related art, during the friction welding process, the clamp used to clamp and fix the shaft head requires a very large clamping force to ensure that the shaft head is clamped to meet the requirements of friction welding. Under the action of this clamping force There is a certain probability that the shaft head will be squeezed and damaged.

Contents of the invention

This application aims to solve one of the technical problems in related technologies to a certain extent. To this end, this application provides a positioning clamping device and assembly method for the ball cage assembly.

In order to achieve the above purpose, this application adopts the following technical solution: a positioning and clamping device for the ball cage assembly, which is used to position and clamp the shaft head assembled with the ball cage. The positioning and clamping device includes: The chuck includes a base and a slide rail disposed on the base; a claw mechanism, which is disposed on the base and slidably disposed on the slide rail; and a driving mechanism, which is disposed on the chuck and connected to the chuck. The claw mechanism is connected to drive the claw mechanism to move along the slide rail between the clamping position and the releasing position; wherein the claw mechanism includes a body part connected to the driving mechanism and a body part disposed on the body The clamping part of the body part is formed with an escape groove, and the inner wall of the escape groove has a distance from the outer surface of the ball cage when the claw mechanism is in the clamping position; the clamping part is provided with an arc-shaped groove, the bottom wall of the arc-shaped groove forms a clamping surface and the side wall forms a pressing surface, and the clamping surface is configured to press against the outer periphery of the connecting end of the shaft head when the claw mechanism is in the clamping position. The pressing surface is configured to press against the rear end surface of the connecting end of the shaft head when the claw mechanism is in the clamping position.

The application of this application has the following beneficial effects: The inventor found through research that the main reason for the low assembly efficiency of the ball cage assembly at present is that in the prior art, the shaft head and the shaft tube are friction welded first, and then the welding is obtained. The shaft head and shaft tube structure is assembled to the ball cage through a press-fitting and drawing process. Since the lengths of the shaft tubes are often different, the stroke adjustment range of the crimping and drawing equipment needs to be wide. This adjustment process is time-consuming and laborious, and there may also be situations where the crimping and drawing equipment cannot meet the requirements. The positioning clamping device provided by this application can position and clamp the shaft head that will be assembled with the ball cage. In this way, the shaft head can be pressed, drawn, and assembled into the ball cage first. In this process, due to the length of the shaft head The specifications and dimensions change less and the overall size is not too long. Generally, there is no need to adjust the crimping and drawing equipment or the adjustment range is very small, so the assembly efficiency can be greatly improved. In addition, the positioning clamping device provided by this application also structurally improves the end of the claw mechanism. By setting a clamping surface and a pressing surface, the pressing surface is used to withstand the upsetting thrust during the friction welding process, and the clamping surface Withstand the friction thrust in friction welding, so that the required clamping force is reduced, greatly reducing the risk of the clamp damaging the shaft head.

Optionally, the base is provided with three groups of the slide rails symmetrically along the circumferential direction, and the claw mechanisms are provided with three groups, and each group of the claw mechanisms is correspondingly provided on the slide rails.

Optionally, the base is provided with a tooling plate, and the tooling plate is provided with positioning holes for the positioning pins used to position the ball cage to pass through.

Optionally, the positioning clamping device also includes an elastic support mechanism, the elastic support structure includes a connecting piece and an elastic piece provided on the connecting piece; the bottom wall of the arc-shaped groove is provided with a mounting groove, The connecting piece is disposed in the mounting groove, and the elastic member is configured to partially extend out of the mounting groove when the claw mechanism is in the releasing position and is compressed to the position when the claw mechanism is in the clamping position. into the installation slot. In this way, the elastic support structure can be used to support and position the connecting end of the spindle head that is far away from the chuck to prevent the axis of the spindle head from deviating. When the claw mechanism is needed to clamp and position the connecting end, the clamping part is driven by the driving action and moves and is clamped on the connecting end. At the same time, the elastic member is compressed and shortened and located in the installation groove.

Optionally, the connecting member is a connecting shaft, the connecting shaft is rotationally connected to the side wall of the installation slot through a pivot shaft, and a return torsion spring is provided between the connecting shaft and the side wall of the installation slot, so The return torsion spring exerts pressure on the connecting shaft so that the elastic member on the connecting shaft has a tendency to approach the clamping portion. In this way, during the separation operation of the ball cage assembly and the chuck after the friction welding is completed, due to the rotational connection between the connecting shaft and the side wall of the installation groove, the ball cage on the ball cage assembly will drive the elastic member when it hits the elastic member. The components and the connecting shaft rotate to achieve the automatic avoidance effect of the elastic support mechanism, preventing damage to the elastic support mechanism or making it difficult to take out the ball cage assembly after assembly.

Optionally, the elastic member includes an elastic shaft and a first spring sleeved outside the elastic shaft. The elastic shaft is arranged vertically on the connecting shaft, and the length of the elastic shaft is equal to that of the first spring.

Optionally, a rigid installation shaft is vertically provided on the connecting shaft, the elastic member is a second spring, the second spring is sleeved outside the rigid installation shaft, and the rigid installation shaft is located on the installation shaft. inside the tank.

Optionally, the driving mechanism includes: a power source, which is provided on the chuck; a driving shaft, which is provided through the chuck and can move in the axial direction driven by the power source; a shift fork, Its rotation is set in the chuck; and, a slide block is slidably set in the slide rail and fixedly connected to the body part; wherein one end of the shift fork is connected to the drive shaft and the other end is connected to the slide The block cooperates through the guide surface to drive the slide block to slide along the slide rail during the forward and backward movement of the drive shaft.

Optionally, the shift fork includes a base body and a first dialing part and a second dialing part formed on the base body. The base body is rotatably connected to the chuck through a rotating shaft, and the axial direction of the rotating shaft is consistent with the driving direction. The axial direction of the shaft is vertical; the driving shaft is provided with a first groove, the end of the first dialing part extends into the first groove, the slider is provided with a second groove, and the third The ends of the two dialing parts extend into the second groove, and the ends of the second dialing parts are provided with guide slopes or guide arc surfaces.

In addition, this application also provides an assembly method for the ball cage assembly, which is used to assemble the ball cage, the shaft head and the shaft tube together. The assembly method includes the following steps:

Step S100: Press-fit, pull, and install the spline end of the shaft head into the ball cage;

Step S200: Use the positioning and clamping device for the ball cage assembly as described in any of the above technical solutions to position and clamp the shaft head assembled with the ball cage;

Step S300: Align and contact the end surface of the shaft tube with the end surface of the shaft head and fix them by friction welding to obtain a ball cage assembly.

The assembly method provided in this application is similar to the aforementioned reasoning process of the beneficial effects of the positioning clamping device, and will not be described again here.

These features and advantages of the present application will be disclosed in detail in the following detailed description and drawings. The best implementation mode or means of the present application will be shown in detail in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but this is not intended to limit the technical solution of the present application. In addition, these features, elements and components appearing in each of the following text and drawings are multiple, and are marked with different symbols or numbers for convenience of presentation, but they all represent parts of the same or similar structure or function.

Description of the drawings

This application will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:

Figure 1 is a front view of a positioning clamping device for a ball cage assembly provided by an embodiment of the present application, with the claw mechanism in the released position;

Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view along the A-A direction of the positioning clamping device in Figure 1 when the claw mechanism is in the released position;

Figure 3 is an enlarged schematic diagram of part B in Figure 2;

Figure 4 is a front view of a positioning and clamping device for a ball cage assembly provided by an embodiment of the present application, with the claw mechanism in the clamping position;

Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view along the C-C direction of the positioning clamping device in Figure 4 when the claw mechanism is in the clamping position;

Figure 6 is a front view of the elastic support mechanism and the clamping part;

Figure 7 is a side cross-sectional view of the elastic support mechanism and the clamping part.

Among them, 1 chuck; 10 tooling plate; 11 assembly groove; 12 rotating shaft; 2 claw mechanism; 20 body part; 200 avoidance groove; 21 clamping part; 210 arc groove; 2100 clamping surface; 2101 pressing surface ; 212 mounting slot; 3 drive mechanism; 30 drive shaft; 300 first groove; 31 shift fork; 310 base body; 311 first toggle part; 312 second toggle part; 32 slider; 320 second groove; 4 elastic support mechanism; 40 connecting shaft; 41 elastic shaft; 42 first spring; 5 positioning pin; 6 shaft head; 60 connecting end; 7 ball cage.

Detailed ways

The embodiments of the present application are described in detail below. Examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements with the same or similar functions. The examples in the implementation mode are intended to be used to explain the present application and should not be construed as limitations of the present application.

Reference in this specification to "one embodiment" or "an example" or "an example" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment itself can be included in at least one embodiment disclosed herein. The appearances of the phrase "in one embodiment" in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment.

A first aspect of the present application provides a positioning clamping device for a ball cage assembly, as shown in Figures 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5. The positioning clamping device is used to The shaft head is positioned and clamped together with the ball cage. The positioning and clamping device includes a chuck 1, a claw mechanism 2 and a driving mechanism 3. The chuck 1 includes a base and a slide rail (not shown in the figure) arranged on the base. The claw mechanism 2 is arranged on the base and The slide is provided on the slide rail, and the driving mechanism 3 is provided on the chuck 1 and connected with the claw mechanism 2 to drive the claw mechanism 2 to move along the slide rail between the clamping position and the releasing position. The claw mechanism 2 in this embodiment includes a body part 20 connected to the driving mechanism 3 and a clamping part 21 provided on the body part 20. The body part 20 is formed with an escape groove 200, and the inner wall of the escape groove 200 is in the claw mechanism 2. When in the clamping position, there is a distance from the outer surface of the ball cage 7; the clamping part 21 is provided with an arc groove 210, the bottom wall of the arc groove 210 forms the clamping surface 2100 and the side wall forms the pressing surface 2101 , the clamping surface 2100 is configured to press against the outer peripheral surface of the connecting end 60 of the shaft head 6 when the claw mechanism 2 is in the clamping position, and the pressing surface 2101 is configured to press against the outer peripheral surface of the connecting end 60 of the shaft head 6 when the claw mechanism 2 is in the clamping position. It is pressed against the rear end surface of the connecting end 60 of the shaft head 6 .

The inventor found through research that the main reason for the low assembly efficiency of the ball cage assembly is that in the prior art, the shaft head and the shaft tube are first friction welded, and then the welded shaft head and shaft tube structure is crimped. The drawing process is used to assemble the ball cage. Since the lengths of the shaft tubes are often different, the stroke adjustment range of the crimping and drawing equipment needs to be wide. This adjustment process is time-consuming and laborious, and there may also be situations where the crimping and drawing equipment cannot meet the requirements. The positioning clamping device provided by this application can position and clamp the shaft head that will be assembled with the ball cage. In this way, the shaft head can be pressed, drawn, and assembled into the ball cage first. In this process, due to the length of the shaft head The specifications and dimensions change less and the overall size is not too long. Generally, there is no need to adjust the crimping and drawing equipment or the adjustment range is very small, so the assembly efficiency can be greatly improved. In addition, the positioning clamping device provided by this application also structurally improves the end of the claw mechanism 2. By setting the clamping surface 2100 and the pressing surface 2101, the pressing surface 2101 is used to withstand the upsetting thrust force during the friction welding process. The clamping surface 2100 bears the friction thrust during friction welding, so the required clamping force is reduced and the risk of the clamp damaging the shaft head is greatly reduced.

The base in this embodiment is provided with three sets of slide rails symmetrically along the circumferential direction, and three sets of claw mechanisms 2 are provided, and each set of claw mechanisms 2 is correspondingly provided on the slide rails. It is easy to understand that in optional embodiments, the number of slide rails and claw mechanisms can also be set to two or four groups or more. Theoretically, the more the number of claw mechanisms is set, the better the stability of the shaft. The better the clamping and positioning effect of the head, but the manufacturing cost of the clamping and positioning device also needs to be considered, so it is preferred to set the claw mechanism into three groups.

In this embodiment, a tooling plate 10 is also provided on the base. The tooling plate 10 is provided with positioning holes for the positioning pins 5 used to position the ball cage 7 to pass through. Since such clamping equipment in the related art is only used to clamp and fix the shaft head, and does not consider the ball cage, such equipment in the related art generally directly uses the claws to clamp the shaft head, and does not consider the ball cage. Positioning of the ball cage. In this application, a tooling plate 10 is provided on the base, and a positioning hole (not shown in the figure) is provided on the tooling plate 10. During assembly, the ball cage is placed so that the corresponding through holes of the ears on the ball cage are aligned. The ball cage can be positioned by inserting the positioning pin 5 into the above positioning hole.

Since in this application, the shaft head and the ball cage are assembled first and then friction welding is performed, compared with such operations in the related art, the structure obtained after the shaft head and the ball cage are assembled together in this application is The length along the axial direction is longer. When the structure obtained after assembling the shaft head and the ball cage is arranged on the clamping positioning device provided by this application, more attention needs to be paid to maintaining the axis of the shaft head and the center of the chuck 1 Has a high degree of overlap. In order to prevent the connecting end 60 of the spindle head 6 that is far away from the chuck 1 from being slightly deflected under the action of gravity, the positioning clamping device provided in this embodiment also includes an elastic support mechanism 4, combined with what is shown in Figures 6 and 7 As shown, the elastic support structure includes a connecting piece and an elastic piece arranged on the connecting piece; the bottom wall of the arc-shaped groove 210 is provided with a mounting slot 212, the connecting piece is arranged in the mounting slot 212, and the elastic piece is configured to be in the claw mechanism. 2 partially extends out of the mounting groove 212 when it is in the release position, and is compressed into the mounting groove 212 when the claw mechanism 2 is in the clamping position.

Through the above arrangement, when the structure obtained after assembling the spindle head 6 and the ball cage 7 is arranged on the clamping and positioning device provided by the application, the ball cage 7 in the above structure is attached to the axial direction of the chuck 1 Close it to the tooling plate 10 on the chuck 1, and then use the positioning pin 5 to position the ball cage 7. At the same time, the elastic support structure is used to support and position the connecting end 60 of the spindle head 6 that is far away from the chuck 1 . When the claw mechanism 2 is required to clamp and position the connecting end 60 later, the clamping part 21 is driven by the driving action to move and clamp on the connecting end 60, and at the same time, the elastic member is compressed and shortened and located in the installation groove 212. .

Further, the connecting member in this application is a connecting shaft 40. The connecting shaft 40 is rotationally connected to the side wall of the installation slot 212 through a pivot axis, and a return torsion spring is provided between the connecting shaft 40 and the side wall of the installation slot 212. The torsion spring presses the connecting shaft 40 so that the elastic member on the connecting shaft 40 has a tendency to approach the clamping portion 21 . With this arrangement, when the assembled ball cage assembly needs to be taken out after friction welding is completed, the claw mechanism 2 is first controlled to move to the release position through the driving mechanism 3, and then the positioning pin 5 is removed, and finally the ball cage assembly is moved along the axial direction. Separate into relative chuck 1. During the separation process of the ball cage assembly and the chuck 1, since the connecting shaft 40 is rotationally connected to the side wall of the installation groove 212, the ball cage 7 on the ball cage assembly will drive the elastic member and the connecting shaft when it hits the elastic member. 40 rotation, thereby achieving the automatic avoidance effect of the elastic support mechanism 4, preventing the elastic support mechanism 4 from being damaged or making it difficult to take out the ball cage assembly after assembly.

It is easy to understand that when the connecting shaft is designed to rotate relative to the side wall of the installation slot, the structure obtained after the shaft head and the ball cage are assembled together requires the elastic member to be rotated outward when the structure is installed on the chuck. To prevent the ball 7 from entering, the elastic member is reset and rotated back after the ball cage enters, so that the elastic member plays a supporting and positioning role for the connecting end of the shaft head. In some optional embodiments, the connecting shaft can also be fixedly connected to the side wall of the installation groove. In this case, an external workpiece can be used to compress the elastic member to avoid the entry and exit of the ball cage.

The elastic member in this embodiment includes an elastic shaft 41 and a first spring 42 sleeved outside the elastic shaft 41. The elastic shaft 41 is vertically disposed on the connecting shaft 40, and the lengths of the elastic shaft 41 and the first spring 42 are equal. With this arrangement, on the one hand, when the clamping part 21 clamps the connecting end 60 of the shaft head 6, both the elastic shaft 41 and the first spring 42 can be compressed without affecting the clamping positioning; on the other hand, the elastic shaft 41 can ensure The assembly stability of the first spring 42 prevents the first spring 42 from coming out of the connecting piece. The elastic shaft 41 can be made of rubber or other elastic polymer materials. In other optional embodiments, the elastic member may only include a spring structure. For convenience of description, in an optional embodiment, the elastic member is a second spring, and a rigid mounting shaft is vertically arranged on the connecting shaft. The second spring The sleeve is set outside the rigid installation shaft, and the rigid installation shaft is located in the installation groove. In this way, the rigid installation shaft is located in the installation groove and will not affect the entry and exit of the ball cage, nor will it affect the clamping position of the connecting end of the shaft head by the clamping part. At the same time, the assembly of the second spring can also be realized.

As shown in FIGS. 1 , 2 , 4 and 5 , the driving mechanism 3 in this embodiment includes a power source (not shown), a driving shaft 30 , a shift fork 31 and a slider 32 . Among them, the power source is arranged in the chuck 1, the driving shaft 30 is arranged in the chuck 1 and can move in the axial direction under the driving of the power source, the shift fork 31 is rotatably arranged in the chuck 1, and the slider 32 is slidably arranged in the slider. in the rail and fixedly connected with the body part 20. One end of the shift fork 31 is connected to the drive shaft 30 and the other end cooperates with the slide block 32 through the guide surface to drive the slide block 32 to slide along the slide rail when the drive shaft 30 moves forward and backward. Specifically, a hydraulic cylinder or a motor can be used as the power source, and the power output end of the power source is connected to the drive shaft 30 to realize the axial movement of the drive shaft 30 relative to the chuck 1 along the drive shaft 30 . The fork 31 is rotated relative to the chuck 1, so that when the drive shaft 30 drives one end of the fork 31 to move during the movement, the entire fork 31 rotates, and the other end of the fork 31 drives the slider 32 to move. The cooperative relationship between the guide surfaces between the two converts the rotational movement of the shift fork 31 into the linear movement of the slider 32, thereby driving the claw mechanism 2 to translate along the slide rail.

The shift fork 31 in this embodiment includes a base body 310 and a first dialing part 311 and a second dialing part 312 formed on the base body 310. The base body 310 is rotationally connected to the chuck 1 through the rotating shaft 12. Correspondingly, in the chuck 1 is provided with an assembly groove 11, and the rotating shaft 12 is rotated and arranged on the inner wall of the assembly groove 11. The axial direction of the rotating shaft 12 is perpendicular to the axial direction of the driving shaft 30. The effect to be achieved here is that when the driving shaft 30 moves forward and backward along its own axis, it will drive The shift fork 31 rotates along the rotating shaft 12 . The driving shaft 30 is provided with a first groove 300, and the end of the first dialing portion 311 extends into the first groove 300. The slider 32 is provided with a second groove 320, and the second dialing portion The end of the second turning part 312 extends into the second groove 320, and the end of the second dialing part 312 is provided with a guide slope or a guide arc surface. In this way, when the driving shaft 30 moves forward and backward along its own axis, the inner wall of the first groove 300 will act on the end of the first dialing part 311, thereby driving the fork 31 to rotate around the rotating shaft 12. This will cause the end of the second dial part 312 to act on the inner wall of the second groove 320. Since there is a guide surface between the two and the slider 32 is slidably disposed in the slide rail, the second dial part 312 will be moved. The rotation of the end of the moving part 312 is converted into a linear movement of the slider 32, which in turn drives the claw mechanism 2 to achieve translation, so that the claw mechanism 2 can switch between the releasing position and the clamping position.

A second aspect of the present application provides an assembly method for a ball cage assembly, for assembling the ball cage, axle head and axle tube together. The assembly method includes the following steps:

Step S100: Press-fit and draw the spline end of the shaft head into the ball cage; in this step, the shaft head and the ball cage are assembled using a press-fit and drawing process, which is an existing technology and will not be described again here.

Step S200: Use the positioning and clamping device for the ball cage assembly provided in the first aspect of the present application to position and clamp the shaft head assembled with the ball cage; in this step, the ball cage assembled together The ball cage in the shaft head is positioned on the tooling plate through positioning pins, and the shaft head is clamped by the clamping part.

Step S300: Align and contact the end surface of the shaft tube with the end surface of the shaft head and fix them by friction welding to obtain a ball cage assembly.

When applying this assembly method, first crimp and pull the shaft head into the ball cage, then use the positioning clamping device to position and clamp the shaft head assembled with the ball cage, and finally perform friction welding operations. Since the assembly operation of the shaft head and the ball cage is placed at the front, there is little change in the length and size of the shaft head during this process and the overall size is not too long. Generally, there is no need to adjust or adjust the crimping and drawing equipment. The range is small, so assembly efficiency can be greatly improved. At the same time, the pressing surface on the clamping part is used to bear the upsetting thrust during friction welding, and the clamping surface on the clamping part is used to bear the friction thrust during friction welding, so that the required clamping force is reduced. Greatly reduces the risk of the clamp damaging the shaft head.

The above are only specific embodiments of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present application includes, but is not limited to, the contents described in the accompanying drawings and the above specific embodiments. Any modifications that do not depart from the functional and structural principles of the application are intended to be included in the scope of the claims.

Claims (10)

1. A positioning and clamping device for a ball cage assembly, characterized in that it is used to position and clamp the shaft head assembled with the ball cage. The positioning and clamping device includes: Chuck (1), which includes a base and a slide rail arranged on the base; Claw mechanism (2), which is provided on the base and slidably provided on the slide rail; and, A driving mechanism (3), which is provided on the chuck (1) and connected with the claw mechanism (2) to drive the claw mechanism (2) along the slide rail between the clamping position and the releasing position. move; The claw mechanism (2) includes a body part (20) connected to the driving mechanism (3) and a clamping part (21) provided on the body part (20). The body part (20) ) is formed with an escape groove (200), and the inner wall of the escape groove (200) has a distance from the outer surface of the ball cage when the claw mechanism (2) is in the clamping position; The clamping part (21) is provided with an arc-shaped groove (210), the bottom wall of the arc-shaped groove (210) forms a clamping surface (2100) and the side wall forms a pressing surface (2101). The clamping surface (2100) is configured to press against the outer peripheral surface of the connecting end of the shaft head when the claw mechanism (2) is in the clamping position, and the pressing surface (2101) is configured to press against the outer circumferential surface of the connecting end of the claw mechanism (2). When in the clamping position, it presses against the rear end surface of the connecting end of the shaft head. 2. The positioning and clamping device for the ball cage assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that the base is provided with three sets of slide rails symmetrically along the circumferential direction, and the claw mechanism (2) is provided with three sets of slide rails. groups, and the claw mechanisms (2) of each group are correspondingly arranged on the slide rails. 3. The positioning clamping device for the ball cage assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that the base is provided with a tooling plate (10), and the tooling plate (10) is provided with a tool for positioning the ball cage. The positioning pin passes through the positioning hole. 4. The positioning and clamping device for the ball cage assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the positioning and clamping device further includes an elastic support mechanism (4), and the elastic support The structure includes a connecting piece and an elastic member provided on the connecting piece; The bottom wall of the arc-shaped groove (210) is provided with a mounting slot (212), the connecting piece is arranged in the mounting slot (212), and the elastic member is configured to be in the position of the claw mechanism (2). When the claw mechanism (2) is in the clamping position, it partially extends out of the mounting groove (212) and is compressed into the mounting groove (212). 5. The positioning and clamping device for the ball cage assembly according to claim 4, characterized in that the connecting member is a connecting shaft (40), and the connecting shaft (40) is rotationally connected to the ball cage assembly through a pivot axis. The side wall of the installation groove (212), and a return torsion spring is provided between the connecting shaft (40) and the side wall of the installation groove (212). The return torsion spring is such that the elasticity of the connecting shaft (40) The piece has a tendency to approach the clamping portion (21) and exert pressure on the connecting shaft (40). 6. The positioning and clamping device for the ball cage assembly according to claim 5, characterized in that the elastic member includes an elastic shaft (41) and a first set of elastic shafts (41). Spring (42), the elastic shaft (41) is arranged vertically on the connecting shaft (40), and the length of the elastic shaft (41) is equal to the first spring (42). 7. The positioning clamping device for the ball cage assembly according to claim 5, characterized in that a rigid mounting shaft is vertically provided on the connecting shaft (40), and the elastic member is a second spring, so The second spring is sleeved outside the rigid installation shaft, and the rigid installation shaft is located in the installation groove (212). 8. The positioning and clamping device for the ball cage assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that the driving mechanism (3) includes: A power source, which is arranged on the chuck (1); A driving shaft (30), which is provided through the chuck (1) and can move in the axial direction driven by the power source; The shift fork (31) is rotated in the chuck (1); and, A slider (32) is slidably provided in the slide rail and fixedly connected to the body part (20); One end of the shift fork (31) is connected to the drive shaft (30) and the other end cooperates with the slider (32) through a guide surface to drive the slider (32) when the drive shaft (30) moves forward and backward. ) slide along the slide rail. 9. The positioning clamping device for the ball cage assembly according to claim 8, characterized in that the shift fork (31) includes a base body (310) and a first groove formed on the base body (310). The dialing part (311) and the second dialing part (312), the base (310) is rotatably connected to the chuck (1) through the rotating shaft (12), and the axial direction of the rotating shaft (12) is consistent with the driving shaft (12). 30) The axis is vertical; The driving shaft (30) is provided with a first groove (300), the end of the first dialing part (311) extends into the first groove (300), and the slider (32) is provided with a first groove (300). There is a second groove (320), the end of the second dialing part (312) extends into the second groove (320), and the end of the second dialing part (312) is provided with Guide bevel or guide arc. 10. An assembly method for a ball cage assembly, used to assemble the ball cage, axle head and axle tube together, characterized in that the assembly method includes the following steps: Step S100: Press-fit, pull, and install the spline end of the shaft head into the ball cage; Step S200: Apply the positioning and clamping device for the ball cage assembly as described in any one of claims 1 to 9 to position and clamp the shaft head assembled with the ball cage; Step S300: Align and contact the end surface of the shaft tube with the end surface of the shaft head and fix them by friction welding to obtain a ball cage assembly.