CN117117392A - Direct-cooling type energy storage battery cooling control method and system - Google Patents
Direct-cooling type energy storage battery cooling control method and system Download PDFInfo
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- CN117117392A CN117117392A CN202311151208.9A CN202311151208A CN117117392A CN 117117392 A CN117117392 A CN 117117392A CN 202311151208 A CN202311151208 A CN 202311151208A CN 117117392 A CN117117392 A CN 117117392A
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- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 298
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims description 66
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 45
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000110 cooling liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000003044 adaptive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 21
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- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 14
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 13
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- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000011217 control strategy Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 3
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- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/63—Control systems
- H01M10/633—Control systems characterised by algorithms, flow charts, software details or the like
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
- H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/63—Control systems
- H01M10/635—Control systems based on ambient temperature
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
- H01M10/6554—Rods or plates
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
- H01M10/6556—Solid parts with flow channel passages or pipes for heat exchange
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
- H01M10/6567—Liquids
- H01M10/6568—Liquids characterised by flow circuits, e.g. loops, located externally to the cells or cell casings
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
- H01M10/6569—Fluids undergoing a liquid-gas phase change or transition, e.g. evaporation or condensation
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a direct cooling type energy storage battery cooling control method and system, and relates to the technical field of energy storage battery cooling. The cooling control method dynamically adjusts the cooling strategy based on the ambient temperature, the maximum battery temperature, and the battery charge-discharge current. Each parameter is given a different integral depending on its state, and the current cooling level is then determined by the total integral. This strategy enables dynamic adaptive control of the cooling system, enabling the cooling strategy to respond in real time to changes in battery and environment to achieve refined cooling control. Meanwhile, the cooling system can also be effectively prevented from being excessively operated, so that the energy efficiency of the system and the service life of the battery are improved. It affects the present invention to a very high degree because it directly affects the performance and efficiency of the cooling system, as well as the life and safety of the battery. The cooling system has the advantages of high-efficiency and rapid cooling capacity, simplified structure, reduced energy consumption, improved heat dissipation efficiency, optimized cold plate design and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of energy storage battery cooling, in particular to a direct cooling type energy storage battery cooling control method and system.
Background
The energy storage technology is an important means for meeting the requirement of large-scale intervention of renewable energy sources, and is also an important component part of a distributed energy system and the electric automobile industry. Due to the high efficiency, good dynamic characteristics, long service life and the advantage of being hardly affected by terrain, the energy storage batteries are widely applied to the scenes of energy storage power stations, power exchange stations and the like.
In the prior art, the patent with the publication number of CN115458833A discloses a liquid cooling heat management system of a large-scale battery energy storage system, and relates to the technical field of energy storage battery cooling. The liquid cooling scheme is adopted, and the cooling working medium is water or glycol cooling liquid. The technical problem that this patent is expected to solve is that the pressure and temperature of the cooling liquid are not balanced when the liquid cooling system cools the different energy storage batteries. A secondary water pipeline is arranged between the energy storage battery and a primary water pipeline provided by the cooling unit, and a constant-temperature water tank capable of providing a heating function and a plurality of valves capable of adjusting flow are arranged in the secondary water pipeline, so that the cooling flow and the temperature of each energy storage battery module are balanced. This invention has mainly 3 disadvantages. (1) The complexity of the system, including primary and secondary water lines, multiple valves, may increase the manufacturing and maintenance costs of the system and may increase the risk of failure of the system, and in addition, constant temperature water tanks and electrical heating devices are introduced in the invention to achieve constant temperature control, increasing costs and energy consumption. (2) The system response is slow, and when the energy storage battery needs to be cooled, the water cooling unit needs to cool the cooling liquid in the primary water pipeline firstly, then the cooling liquid in the secondary water pipeline can be cooled through the heat exchange device between the secondary water pipeline, and then the energy storage battery is cooled. (3) The system reliability is low, and because pure water or glycol solution is adopted, the pipeline leakage exists, so that the electrical system is possibly short-circuited, and meanwhile, the glycol solution can corrode metal structural parts in the loop, such as a valve and a heat exchanger.
In the prior art, the patent with the publication number of CN115513584A discloses a direct cooling type battery cabinet, and relates to the technical field of batteries. The patent cools the cell by the phase change of refrigerant evaporation in the heat exchange plate in contact with the cell. The battery module is directly contacted with the heat exchange plate, and the refrigerant is subjected to phase change evaporation after the battery core heats. The heat exchange plate extends to the top cavity, the refrigerator is arranged at the top of the cavity, cold air can be blown out by the refrigerator to liquefy the gaseous refrigerant, and the gaseous refrigerant returns to the bottom again and can cool the battery again. The main problem with this patent is the low cooling efficiency. The refrigerant in the heat exchange plate meets the energy conservation, namely the heat exchange quantity between the heat radiating fin at the top of the heat exchange plate and the refrigerator is equal to the heat generated by the battery absorbed by the refrigerant. The heat dissipation capacity of the cooling system is therefore dependent on the fin area, the refrigerator air volume and the air temperature. Firstly, the patent places the radiating fin in a limited space at the top of the module, and the radiating area is limited; and secondly, the heat exchange plates are communicated up and down, the pressure is approximately equal everywhere, the temperature of the gaseous refrigerant at the top is close to that of the liquid phase or the gas-liquid phase refrigerant at the bottom, the temperature in the heat exchange plates is deduced to be between 10 ℃ and 40 ℃ according to the general running temperature of the battery, the heat exchange temperature difference between the heat exchange plates and the environment is small, and the air temperature is required to be reduced through refrigeration equipment, so that the purpose of increasing the heat exchange amount is achieved, and the general small-sized independent refrigeration equipment cannot meet the requirements.
In summary, the above prior art has the following problems: (1) low cooling efficiency; (2) poor cooling effect; (3) the safety and reliability of the cooling liquid are insufficient.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention discloses a direct-cooling type energy storage battery cooling control method and system, and aims to solve the problems of low cooling efficiency, poor cooling effect and insufficient safety and reliability of cooling liquid in the prior art.
Liquid cooling and direct cooling are common forms of cooling for lithium battery thermal management, and the terms are explained as follows: liquid cooling generally refers to single-phase liquid cooling, in which the cooling medium used is present in a single phase (single liquid state). This liquid cooling technique absorbs and transfers heat by passing a cooling medium directly through the device or system to be cooled. The cooling medium may be water, lubricating oil or other liquid with good thermal conductivity. In a single-phase liquid cooling system, the cooling medium does not undergo a liquid-gas phase change when exchanging heat with the battery. For reasons of economy and low-temperature reliability, ethylene glycol aqueous solutions are mainly used as cooling working media at present. Direct cooling generally refers to direct cooling of a refrigerant, wherein the cooling medium used is a special chemical substance, which is called a refrigerant, such as R134a, R22, etc. In the refrigerant direct cooling system, the refrigerant completes the liquid-gas phase change through the circulation process of compression and expansion. When the battery is cooled, the refrigerant absorbs heat and changes from liquid state to gas state, and the heat exchange coefficient of the phase change process is higher than that of single-phase liquid cooling.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a direct-cooling type energy storage battery cooling control method comprises the following steps:
s1, reading the temperature of the battery, and judging whether the highest temperature of the battery is more than or equal to the starting temperature T of a cooling system 1 If yes, the cooling system is requested to cool the battery and the step S2 is carried out;
preferably, in the step S1, the T 1 Is 27 ℃.
S2, reading the ambient temperature, the highest temperature of the battery and the charge and discharge current of the battery, and integrating the ambient temperature, the highest temperature of the battery and the charge and discharge current of the battery according to the read values;
preferably, in the step S2, the ambient temperature, the highest temperature of the battery, and the charge-discharge current of the battery are read through the BMS system and the EMS system.
The BMS system refers to a battery management system, and the EMS system refers to an electric energy management system.
Preferably, in the step S2, the integration of the ambient temperature, the highest temperature of the battery, and the charge-discharge current of the battery is respectively:
judging whether the ambient temperature is less than T 2 If yes, the environmental temperature is integrated by 1, if no: again determine whether the ambient temperature is less than T 3 If yes, the ambient temperature is integrated by 2, if not, the ambient temperature is integrated by 3, wherein the T is as follows 2 Less than T 3 ；
Judging whether the highest temperature of the battery is less than T 4 If yes, the highest temperature product of the battery is 1, if not, the highest temperature product of the battery is 1: judging whether the highest temperature of the battery is less than or equal to T 5 If yes, the highest temperature of the battery is 2 points, if not, the highest temperature of the battery is 3 points, wherein the T is as follows 4 Less than T 5 ；
Judging whether the charge-discharge current of the battery is less than or equal to I 1 If yes, the battery charge-discharge current is integrated by 1, if not, the battery charge-discharge current is integrated by 1: judging whether the charge-discharge current of the battery is less than or equal to I 2 If yes, integrating the charge and discharge current of the battery by 2, and if not, integrating the charge and discharge current of the battery by 3, wherein I is as follows 1 Less than I 2 。
Preferably, in the step S2, the T 2 15 ℃, T 3 At 30 ℃, T 4 At 32 ℃, T 5 At 37 ℃, I 1 0.5C, I 2 1C.
S3, calculating total integral of the ambient temperature, the highest temperature of the battery and the charge and discharge current of the battery, and judging the cooling strategy level which should be adopted by the current cooling system according to the total integral;
in the present invention, total integral=ambient temperature integral+battery maximum temperature integral+battery charge/discharge current integral.
Preferably, in the step S3, it is determined whether the total integral is equal to or less than a 1 If yes, a primary cooling strategy is adopted, and if not, the method comprises the following steps: again judging whether the total integral is less than or equal to A 2 If yes, adopting a secondary cooling strategy, and if not, adopting a tertiary cooling strategy, wherein the A 1 Less than A 2 。
Preferably, in the step S3, the a 1 3 minutes, said A 2 6 minutes.
In the invention, dynamic cooling strategy adjustment is realized based on the ambient temperature, the highest temperature of the battery and the charge-discharge current of the battery. First, the three parameters are read and scored by the BMS system and the EMS system, and if each parameter satisfies the primary, secondary or tertiary criteria, the score is 1, 2 or 3, respectively. Then, the cooling level to be currently adopted is determined by total integration: the total integral is divided into 0-3 for primary cooling, 4-6 for secondary cooling and 7-9 for tertiary cooling. This integral-based control strategy enables dynamic adaptive control of the cooling system so that the cooling strategy can respond in real-time to changes in battery and environment.
In the invention, the 'ambient temperature' is selected for integration and used as the basis for the establishment of a subsequent cooling strategy, because: the ambient temperature affects both the heat exchange capacity of the air-cooled condenser in the cooling system and the heat exchange efficiency of the battery pack cold plate. When the ambient temperature is too high, the heat exchange temperature difference of the condenser is reduced, so that the performance and efficiency of the refrigeration cycle are reduced; on the other hand, in a high-temperature environment, the heat exchange capacity between the cold plate and the external environment is larger, the cold energy loss is higher, and the cooling efficiency of the battery cell is reduced.
The "highest battery temperature" is selected for integration and used as the basis for the subsequent cooling strategy formulation because: the highest temperature of the battery determines the safety and life of the entire battery pack. The battery is susceptible to thermal runaway at high temperatures, which also accelerates the self-discharge of the battery, thereby reducing its capacity and life. Thus, the maximum temperature is often a key indicator of the battery thermal management system cooling strategy.
The reason why the battery charge-discharge current is selected to integrate and use it as the basis for the subsequent cooling strategy formulation is that: in general, the increase of charge and discharge current can increase the heat productivity of the battery cell, however, the temperature sensor on the surface of the battery cell cannot timely and accurately reflect the temperature change inside the battery cell due to thermal inertia of the battery cell. According to the charge-discharge current value, the cooling strategy is adjusted, so that the cooling intensity change is more reasonable and effective, and the temperature fluctuation of the battery cell is reduced.
S4, the cooling system executes a corresponding battery cooling strategy according to the grade of the cooling strategy to be adopted at present, and the battery cooling time is timed in the executing process;
preferably, in the step S4, when the cooling system executes the cooling strategy, the cooling plate outlet temperature and the condenser fan speed are adjusted accordingly according to different cooling strategies, including: when the primary cooling strategy, the secondary cooling strategy and the tertiary cooling strategy are executed, the outlet temperature of the cold plate is reduced in sequence, and the rotating speed of the condenser fan is increased in sequence.
In the present invention, when the highest temperature of the battery is greater than or equal to 27 ℃, the cooling system will be started, and the cooling level to be adopted is determined according to the real-time heat load. When primary, secondary or tertiary cooling is performed, the cooling system adjusts the cold plate outlet temperature and condenser fan speed accordingly. Specifically, the cold plate outlet temperature will decrease in sequence (e.g., set to 20 ℃, 15 ℃ and 10 ℃ respectively), while the fan speed will increase in sequence to increase battery cooling.
S5, judging whether the highest temperature of the battery is greater than T 6 And the cooling timing is smaller than B, if yes, the cooling system continues to execute the corresponding cooling strategy, if no, the step S6 is entered;
preferably, in the step S5, the T 6 25℃and 30 minutes.
S6, judging whether the highest temperature of the battery is less than or equal to T 6 If yes, the cooling system is closed, and if not, the step S7 is carried out;
s7, judging whether the cooling strategy is a non-highest-level strategy and the cooling timing is greater than or equal to B, if so, improving the cooling strategy of the cooling system by one level; if not, outputting a cooling system fault.
Preferably, in the step S7, it is determined whether the total integral is equal to or less than a 2 And the cooling timing is greater than or equal to B, if not, the output cooling system fails, if yes, then:
again judging whether the total integral is less than or equal to A 1 If yes, the cooling system is switched to a secondary cooling strategy, and if not, the cooling system is switched to a tertiary cooling strategy.
In the above steps, A 1 3 minutes, A 2 6 minutes, and 30 minutes.
In the present invention, cooling will be stopped when the highest temperature of the battery is 25 ℃ or less. Furthermore, if the cooling system continues to operate for more than 30 minutes under either the primary or secondary cooling strategy but cooling is not stopped, the system automatically increases the cooling strategy by one level to ensure that the cooling requirements of the battery are met. This thermal management strategy of selecting different cooling intensities according to the real-time heat load has the following advantages: (1) the environmental adaptability is strong, and the battery and environmental change can be responded in real time. (2) The energy consumption is low, and the energy consumption can be reduced to the greatest extent while the cooling requirement is met through accurate cooling strategy control. (3) The reliability is high, and the condensation of water vapor caused by the too low cooling temperature can be relieved, so that the risks of corrosion and short circuit are reduced.
Based on the direct-cooling type energy storage battery cooling control method, the invention also provides a direct-cooling type energy storage battery cooling system, which comprises the following components:
the energy storage units are arranged in parallel, and direct-cooling energy storage battery clusters are arranged in the energy storage units;
the heat regenerator, compressor, condenser and liquid storage pot, the first pipeline is all connected to the coolant outlet pipe of a plurality of energy storage unit cell clusters, first pipeline passes the heat regenerator and is connected to behind its heat transfer the compressor, the compressor is connected to through the second pipeline the condenser, the condenser is connected with the third pipeline, the third pipeline passes the heat regenerator and is connected to the liquid storage pot behind its heat transfer, the liquid storage pot is connected to the coolant inlet pipe of a plurality of energy storage unit cell clusters.
Preferably, an expansion valve is installed on a cooling liquid inlet pipe of the energy storage unit battery cluster, a liquid separator is connected to the cooling liquid inlet pipe at the rear end of the expansion valve, the liquid separator is connected to cooling plates of a plurality of battery packs in the battery cluster through a plurality of liquid separation branch pipes, and the condenser is an air-cooled condenser.
Preferably, the direct-cooling type energy storage battery cluster comprises a plurality of direct-cooling type energy storage battery packs which are arranged in parallel, wherein each direct-cooling type energy storage battery pack comprises a battery module, a cold plate, heat-conducting glue and a box body;
the battery module is positioned in the box body, the cold plate is positioned on the face of the battery module, and the heat conducting glue is positioned between the battery module and the cold plate;
the cold plate is internally provided with refrigerant flow channels, refrigerant media are filled in the refrigerant flow channels, the refrigerant flow channels are of a symmetrical structure, the inlet and outlet flow channels are alternately arranged, and meanwhile, the inlet of the cold plate comprises a section of gradually-shrinking and gradually-expanding structure.
Preferably, the direct-cooling energy storage battery pack further comprises a side plate, and the side plate is located on the side face of the battery module.
Preferably, the cold plate is positioned at the bottom of the battery module.
Preferably, the cold plate is located at a side of the battery module or inserted into the battery module.
Preferably, the battery pack and the battery cluster are both in a modularized structure, and four battery packs form one battery cluster.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the direct-cooling type energy storage battery cooling control method provided by the invention, the cooling strategy is dynamically adjusted according to the ambient temperature, the highest temperature of the battery and the charging and discharging current of the battery. Each parameter is given a different integral depending on its state, and the current cooling level is then determined by the total integral. This strategy enables dynamic adaptive control of the cooling system, enabling the cooling strategy to respond in real time to changes in battery and environment to achieve refined cooling control. Meanwhile, the cooling system can also be effectively prevented from being excessively operated, so that the energy efficiency of the system and the service life of the battery are improved. It affects the present invention to a very high degree because it directly affects the performance and efficiency of the cooling system, as well as the life and safety of the battery.
The direct-cooling type energy storage battery cooling system provided by the invention has high-efficiency and rapid cooling capacity: the direct-cooling type energy storage battery cooling system disclosed by the invention uses the refrigerant evaporation phase change technology of the built-in heat exchange plate, and the technology carries out high-efficiency heat exchange through refrigerant boiling, so that the heat generated by the battery module can be rapidly led out, and the cooling efficiency is greatly improved.
The direct-cooling type energy storage battery cooling system provided by the invention has the advantages of simplifying the structure and reducing the energy consumption: the direct-cooling type energy storage battery cooling system greatly reduces the complexity and the number of components of the system, and does not need an additional constant-temperature water tank and a pipeline loop, thereby simplifying the system structure. This not only reduces manufacturing and maintenance costs, but also effectively reduces energy consumption.
The direct-cooling type energy storage battery cooling system provided by the invention improves the heat dissipation efficiency: the direct-cooling type energy storage battery cooling system introduces the compressor and the condenser, so that the cooling cycle is changed into a more efficient compressed steam refrigeration cycle. The cooling mode has higher refrigerating efficiency, can transfer heat generated by the battery module more effectively, has stronger adaptability to the ambient temperature, and is less influenced by the rise of the ambient temperature.
The direct-cooling type energy storage battery cooling system provided by the invention optimizes the design of a cold plate: the optimized cold plate design of the direct-cooling energy storage battery pack comprises a symmetrical design, alternate arrangement of inlet and outlet flow channels and gradual expansion of inlet, so that the aim of reducing heat exchange temperature difference in a single battery pack is fulfilled. In addition, when the direct cooling of the refrigerant is adopted to cool the battery, the heat absorbed by the refrigerant is converted from a liquid state to a gaseous state, and the heat exchange coefficient of the phase change process is higher than that of single-phase liquid cooling.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for controlling cooling of a direct-cooled energy storage battery according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged partial top half of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged partial view of the bottom half of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a direct-cooled energy storage battery cooling system according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a direct-cooled energy storage battery pack according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a cold plate flow path of a direct-cooled energy storage battery pack according to the present invention
FIG. 7 is an enlarged view of a portion of the structure of the inlet section of the cold plate flowpath of FIG. 6 according to the present invention;
reference numerals:
1. a battery module; 2. a cold plate; 3. a heat-conducting adhesive; 4. a case; 5. a refrigerant flow passage; 6. a side plate; 7. a refrigerant inlet; 8. a refrigerant outlet;
01. a regenerator; 02. a compressor; 03. a condenser; 04. a liquid storage tank; 05. a first pipeline; 06.
a second pipeline; 07. a third pipeline; 08. an expansion valve; 09. a liquid separator.
Detailed Description
The conception, specific structure, and technical effects produced by the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments and the drawings to fully understand the objects, features, and effects of the present invention.
Example 1
A direct cooling type energy storage battery cooling control method, as shown in figures 1-3, comprises the following steps:
s1, reading the temperature of a battery, judging whether the highest temperature of the battery is higher than or equal to 27 ℃ of the starting temperature of a cooling system, if so, requesting the cooling system to cool the battery, and entering a step S2;
s2, reading the ambient temperature, the highest temperature of the battery and the charge and discharge current of the battery, and integrating the ambient temperature, the highest temperature of the battery and the charge and discharge current of the battery according to the read values;
in the step S2, the environmental temperature, the highest temperature of the battery and the charge and discharge current of the battery are read through the BMS system and the EMS system.
In the step S2, the integration of the ambient temperature, the highest temperature of the battery and the charge-discharge current of the battery is respectively:
judging whether the ambient temperature is less than 15 ℃, if so, integrating the ambient temperature by 1, otherwise, judging that: judging whether the ambient temperature is less than 30 ℃ again, if so, integrating the ambient temperature by 2 points, and if not, integrating the ambient temperature by 3 points;
judging whether the highest temperature of the battery is less than 32 ℃, if so, integrating the highest temperature of the battery by 1, otherwise, judging that: judging whether the highest temperature of the battery is less than or equal to 37 ℃ again, if so, integrating the highest temperature of the battery by 2 points, and if not, integrating the highest temperature of the battery by 3 points;
judging whether the battery charge and discharge current is less than or equal to 0.5C, if so, integrating the battery charge and discharge current by 1, otherwise, judging that: and judging whether the battery charge and discharge current is less than or equal to 1C again, if so, integrating the battery charge and discharge current by 2, and if not, integrating the battery charge and discharge current by 3.
S3, calculating total integral of the ambient temperature, the highest temperature of the battery and the charge and discharge current of the battery, and judging the cooling strategy level which should be adopted by the current cooling system according to the total integral;
in the present invention, total integral=ambient temperature integral+battery maximum temperature integral+battery charge/discharge current integral.
In the step S3, judging whether the total integral is less than or equal to 3 minutes, if yes, adopting a primary cooling strategy, and if no: and judging whether the total integral is less than or equal to 6 minutes again, if so, adopting a secondary cooling strategy, and if not, adopting a tertiary cooling strategy.
In this embodiment, dynamic cooling strategy adjustment is implemented based on the ambient temperature, the maximum battery temperature, and the battery charge-discharge current. First, the three parameters are read and scored by the BMS system and the EMS system, and if each parameter satisfies the primary, secondary or tertiary criteria, the score is 1, 2 or 3, respectively. Then, the cooling level to be currently adopted is determined by total integration: the total integral is divided into 0-3 for primary cooling, 4-6 for secondary cooling and 7-9 for tertiary cooling. This integral-based control strategy enables dynamic adaptive control of the cooling system so that the cooling strategy can respond in real-time to changes in battery and environment.
TABLE 1 Integrated Cooling Strength Table
S4, the cooling system executes a corresponding battery cooling strategy according to the grade of the cooling strategy to be adopted at present, and the battery cooling time is timed in the executing process;
in the step S4, when the cooling system executes the cooling strategy, the outlet temperature of the cold plate and the rotational speed of the condenser fan are adjusted correspondingly according to different cooling strategies, including: when the primary cooling strategy, the secondary cooling strategy and the tertiary cooling strategy are executed, the outlet temperature of the cold plate is reduced in sequence, and the rotating speed of the condenser fan is increased in sequence.
In this embodiment, when the maximum temperature of the battery is greater than or equal to 27 ℃, the cooling system will be started and the level of cooling to be taken will be determined based on the real-time thermal load. When primary, secondary or tertiary cooling is performed, the cooling system adjusts the cold plate outlet temperature and condenser fan speed accordingly. Specifically, the cold plate outlet temperature will decrease in sequence (e.g., set to 20 ℃, 15 ℃ and 10 ℃ respectively), while the fan speed will increase in sequence to increase battery cooling.
S5, judging whether the highest temperature of the battery is higher than 25 ℃ and the cooling timing is lower than 30 minutes, if yes, continuously executing a corresponding cooling strategy by the cooling system, and if not, entering the step S6;
s6, judging whether the highest temperature of the battery is less than or equal to 25 ℃, if so, closing a cooling system, and if not, entering a step S7;
s7, judging whether the cooling strategy is a non-highest-level strategy or not and the cooling timing is greater than or equal to 30 minutes, if so, improving the cooling strategy of the cooling system by one level; if not, outputting a cooling system fault.
In the step S7, judging whether the total integral is less than or equal to 6 minutes and the cooling timing is greater than or equal to 30 minutes, if not, outputting a cooling system fault, and if so:
judging whether the total integral is less than or equal to 3 minutes, if so, switching the cooling system into a secondary cooling strategy, and if not, switching the cooling system into a tertiary cooling strategy.
In this embodiment, cooling will cease when the maximum temperature of the battery is 25 ℃ or less. Furthermore, if the cooling system continues to operate for more than 30 minutes under either the primary or secondary cooling strategy but cooling is not stopped, the system automatically increases the cooling strategy by one level to ensure that the cooling requirements of the battery are met. This thermal management strategy of selecting different cooling intensities according to the real-time heat load has the following advantages: (1) the environmental adaptability is strong, and the battery and environmental change can be responded in real time. (2) The energy consumption is low, and the energy consumption can be reduced to the greatest extent while the cooling requirement is met through accurate cooling strategy control. (3) The reliability is high, and the condensation of water vapor caused by the too low cooling temperature can be relieved, so that the risks of corrosion and short circuit are reduced.
Example 2
A direct-cooled energy storage battery cooling system, as shown in fig. 4, comprising:
the energy storage units are arranged in parallel, and direct-cooling energy storage battery clusters are arranged in the energy storage units;
the heat regenerator 01, the compressor 02, the condenser 03 and the liquid storage tank 04, the first pipeline 05 is all connected to the coolant outlet pipe of a plurality of energy storage unit cell clusters, the first pipeline 05 passes through the heat regenerator 01 and is connected to the compressor 02 after heat exchange, the compressor 02 is connected to the condenser 03 through the second pipeline 06, the condenser 03 is connected with the third pipeline 07, the third pipeline 07 passes through the heat regenerator 01 and is connected to the liquid storage tank 04 after heat exchange, and the liquid storage tank 04 is connected to the coolant inlet pipe of a plurality of energy storage unit cell clusters.
As shown in fig. 4, an expansion valve 08 is installed at the coolant inlet pipe of the energy storage cell cluster. The cooling liquid inlet pipe at the rear end of the expansion valve 08 is connected with a liquid separator 09, and the liquid separator 09 is connected to the cold plates 2 of a plurality of battery packs in the battery cluster through a plurality of liquid separation branch pipes. The condenser 03 is an air-cooled condenser 03.
In this embodiment, the cooling principle follows a vapor compression refrigeration cycle, with the cold plate 2 acting as an evaporator. When the system is cooled, the refrigerant in the loop absorbs heat generated by the battery core from the cold plate 2 and evaporates, the refrigerant in a gas-liquid two-phase state exchanges heat with the high-temperature refrigerant after the condenser 03 through the heat regenerator 01 after flowing out of the cold plate 2 and evaporates again, then the refrigerant enters the compressor 02 to heat up and boost pressure, the high-temperature gas enters the condenser 03 to release heat to the environment through air cooling and condense into liquid state, then the refrigerant is throttled and cooled in the expansion valve 08, and finally the refrigerant enters the cold plate 2 again to absorb heat through gasification to complete circulation.
The direct cooling type energy storage battery cooling system that this embodiment provided, characterized in that:
(1) The battery packs and the battery clusters are modularized, four battery packs form a battery cluster, and the refrigerant enters the single battery cluster through the expansion valve 08 and then flows into the cold plate 2 of each battery pack in parallel through the liquid separator 09. After flowing out from the cold plate 2, the refrigerants of different battery clusters are combined.
(2) The regenerator 01 is added to enable the high-temperature liquid refrigerant flowing out of the condenser 03 to exchange heat with the low-temperature two-phase refrigerant flowing out of the cold plate 2. The reason for this is to reduce the degree of superheat at the outlet of the cold plate 2 or to saturate the outlet of the cold plate 2. In a general refrigeration system, refrigerant flowing out of an evaporator is in a superheated gaseous state so as to avoid liquid impact of a compressor, but the superheat in a cold plate 2 can influence the uniformity of the temperature of the cold plate 2, and the cooling effect is reduced, so that the superheat degree of an outlet of the cold plate 2 is extremely low or not overheated through the control of an expansion valve 08, and the refrigerant superheat degree is improved through heat absorption in a regenerator 01.
The direct cooling type energy storage battery cluster comprises a plurality of direct cooling type energy storage battery packs which are arranged in parallel, and as shown in fig. 5, the direct cooling type energy storage battery packs comprise a battery module 1, a cold plate 2, heat conducting glue 3 and a box body 4;
the battery module 1 is positioned in the box body 4, the cold plate 2 is positioned on the face of the battery module 1, and the heat-conducting adhesive 3 is positioned between the battery module 1 and the cold plate 2; as shown in fig. 6 and 7, a refrigerant flow channel 5 is arranged in the cold plate 2, the refrigerant flow channel 5 is filled with a refrigerant medium, the refrigerant flow channel 5 is of a symmetrical structure, the inlet and outlet flow channels are alternately arranged, and the inlet of the refrigerant flow channel comprises a section of tapered and divergent structure.
The direct cooling type energy storage battery pack further comprises a side plate 6, and the side plate 6 is positioned on the side face of the battery module 1. The cold plate 2 is located at the bottom of the battery module 1. Alternatively, the cold plate 2 is located at the side of the battery module 1 or inserted into the battery module 1.
As shown in fig. 5, in the embodiment, the cold plate 2 is located at the bottom of the battery module 1, and a layer of heat-conducting glue 3 is present between the cold plate and the battery module 1 to reduce the contact thermal resistance. This structure is an implementation form of the direct cooling type energy storage battery pack, and in other implementation forms, the cold plate 2 can be integrated with the side plate 6, or a plurality of cold plates 2 are inserted into the module, so that the heat exchange area is increased, and the cooling performance is improved.
The direct cooling plate 2 of the embodiment adopts a symmetrical design, the inlet and outlet flow channels are alternately arranged, and the inlet flow channels have a convergent-divergent structure. The introduction of the characteristics aims at improving the uniformity of refrigerant flow distribution, reducing the temperature difference of a cold plate, ensuring the uniformity of refrigerant distribution at an inlet, and improving the uniformity of refrigerant flow and cooling performance, and is specifically as follows:
the refrigerant flow passage 5 is of a symmetrical structure for ensuring uniformity of refrigerant flow distribution. Different from single-phase liquid cooling, gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant exists in the refrigerant direct cooling flow channel, and unbalanced distribution of gas and liquid phases is easy to occur when the refrigerant direct cooling flow channel is used for splitting, and the symmetrical splitting structure can improve unbalanced phenomenon.
The alternate arrangement of the inlet and outlet channels of the refrigerant channels 5 aims at reducing the temperature difference of the cold plate. When the refrigerant is in flow evaporation, due to the existence of flow resistance, the hydrostatic pressure in the pipeline is continuously reduced along the flow direction, so that the evaporation temperature of the refrigerant is gradually reduced, the flow channels are alternately arranged in a shape like a Chinese character 'ji', and the problem of uneven cooling caused by temperature change of the refrigerant can be effectively solved. According to the simulation result, when the cold plate is adopted for cooling, the temperature difference of the battery cell is within 1 ℃.
The purpose of the refrigerant flow passage 5 is to ensure the uniformity of refrigerant distribution at the inlet because of the gradually-reducing and gradually-expanding structure, when the refrigerant passes through a narrow throat, the flow speed is increased, and the gas phase and the liquid phase can be fully mixed in the throat and then uniformly sprayed out from the outlet.
In this embodiment, compared with the conventional single-phase liquid cooling system, the direct-cooling energy storage battery cooling system has the advantages that liquid-gas phase transition occurs when the refrigerant flows through the cold plate 2, and heat exchange efficiency and heat transfer performance are improved. The refrigerant direct cooling system can absorb and transfer heat more effectively, and the cooling effect is improved.
In this embodiment, the direct-cooling energy storage battery cooling system introduces a regenerator 01 for exchanging heat between the high-temperature liquid refrigerant in the condenser 03 and the low-temperature two-phase refrigerant flowing out of the cold plate 2. By using the heat regenerator 01, the superheat degree of the outlet of the cold plate 2 can be reduced, and the cooling effect and the temperature uniformity are improved.
In summary, the invention has the following advantages:
1. high-efficiency rapid cooling capacity: compared with the problem of slow response of the liquid cooling heat management system of the patent [ CN115458833A ], the direct cooling type battery system disclosed by the invention adopts a refrigerant evaporation phase change technology with a built-in heat exchange plate, and the technology performs high-efficiency heat exchange through refrigerant boiling, so that the heat generated by an electric core can be rapidly led out, and the cooling efficiency is greatly improved.
2. Simplified structure and reduced energy consumption: the liquid cooling thermal management system in the patent [ CN115458833a ] has the problems of complex structure and high energy consumption. The direct cooling type battery system of the invention greatly reduces the complexity and the number of components of the system, and does not need an additional constant temperature water tank and a pipeline loop, thereby simplifying the structure of the system. This not only reduces manufacturing and maintenance costs, but also effectively reduces energy consumption. In addition, the adoption of a dynamic adaptive cooling control strategy can also effectively reduce the operation energy consumption of the cooling system.
3. Optimized cold plate design: besides the advantages, the invention also optimizes the design of the cold plate, including symmetrical design, alternate arrangement of the inlet and outlet flow passages, and the like, so as to achieve the purpose of reducing the heat exchange temperature difference in the single battery pack. This is not mentioned in the patents CN115458833a and CN115513584 a.
4. Improving the heat dissipation efficiency: compared with the problem of low cooling efficiency of the direct-cooling battery cabinet in the patent [ CN115513584A ], the invention introduces the compressor and the condenser into the thermal management system, so that the cooling cycle is changed into a more efficient compressed steam refrigeration cycle. The cooling mode has higher refrigerating efficiency, can transfer heat generated by the battery cell more effectively, has stronger adaptability to the ambient temperature, and is less influenced by the rise of the ambient temperature.
While the embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and various equivalent modifications and substitutions can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and these are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The direct-cooling type energy storage battery cooling control method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, reading the temperature of the battery and judging the highest value of the batteryWhether the temperature is greater than or equal to the cooling system starting temperature T 1 If yes, the cooling system is requested to cool the battery and the step S2 is carried out;
s2, reading the ambient temperature, the highest temperature of the battery and the charge and discharge current of the battery, and integrating the ambient temperature, the highest temperature of the battery and the charge and discharge current of the battery according to the read values;
s3, calculating total integral of the ambient temperature, the highest temperature of the battery and the charge and discharge current of the battery, and judging the cooling strategy level which should be adopted by the current cooling system according to the total integral;
s4, the cooling system executes a corresponding battery cooling strategy according to the grade of the cooling strategy to be adopted at present, and the battery cooling time is timed in the executing process;
s5, judging whether the highest temperature of the battery is greater than T 6 And the cooling timing is smaller than B, if yes, the cooling system continues to execute the corresponding cooling strategy, if no, the step S6 is entered;
s6, judging whether the highest temperature of the battery is less than or equal to T 6 If yes, the cooling system is closed, and if not, the step S7 is carried out;
s7, judging whether the cooling strategy is a non-highest-level strategy and the cooling timing is greater than or equal to B, if so, improving the cooling strategy of the cooling system by one level; if not, outputting a cooling system fault.
2. The cooling control method according to claim 1, wherein in the step S2, the integral of the ambient temperature, the highest temperature of the battery, and the battery charge-discharge current are respectively:
judging whether the ambient temperature is less than T 2 If yes, the environmental temperature is integrated by 1, if no: again determine whether the ambient temperature is less than T 3 If yes, the ambient temperature is integrated by 2, if not, the ambient temperature is integrated by 3, wherein the T is as follows 2 Less than T 3 ；
Judging whether the highest temperature of the battery is less than T 4 If yes, the highest temperature product of the battery is 1, if not, the highest temperature product of the battery is 1: again, it is determined whether the highest temperature of the battery is smallAt or equal to T 5 If yes, the highest temperature of the battery is 2 points, if not, the highest temperature of the battery is 3 points, wherein the T is as follows 4 Less than T 5 ；
Judging whether the charge-discharge current of the battery is less than or equal to I 1 If yes, the battery charge-discharge current is integrated by 1, if not, the battery charge-discharge current is integrated by 1: judging whether the charge-discharge current of the battery is less than or equal to I 2 If yes, integrating the charge and discharge current of the battery by 2, and if not, integrating the charge and discharge current of the battery by 3, wherein I is as follows 1 Less than I 2 。
3. The cooling control method according to claim 2, wherein in the step S3, it is determined whether or not the total integral is equal to or smaller than a 1 If yes, a primary cooling strategy is adopted, and if not, the method comprises the following steps: again judging whether the total integral is less than or equal to A 2 If yes, adopting a secondary cooling strategy, and if not, adopting a tertiary cooling strategy, wherein the A 1 Less than A 2 。
4. The cooling control method according to claim 3, wherein in the step S4, when the cooling system executes the cooling strategy, adjusting the cold plate outlet temperature and the condenser fan rotation speed accordingly according to different cooling strategies includes: when the primary cooling strategy, the secondary cooling strategy and the tertiary cooling strategy are executed, the outlet temperature of the cold plate is reduced in sequence, and the rotating speed of the condenser fan is increased in sequence.
5. The cooling control method according to claim 3, wherein in the step S7, it is judged whether or not the total integral is A or less 2 And the cooling timing is greater than or equal to B, if not, the output cooling system fails, if yes, then:
again judging whether the total integral is less than or equal to A 1 If yes, the cooling system is switched to a secondary cooling strategy, and if not, the cooling system is switched to a tertiary cooling strategy.
6. The cooling control method according to claim 3, characterized in thatCharacterized in that in the step S1, the T 1 27 ℃; in the step S2, the T 2 15 ℃, T 3 At 30 ℃, T 4 At 32 ℃, T 5 At 37 ℃, I 1 0.5C, I 2 1C; in the step S3, the A 1 3 minutes, said A 2 6 minutes; in the step S5, the T 6 25℃and 30 minutes.
7. A direct-cooled energy storage battery cooling system according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized by comprising:
the energy storage units are arranged in parallel, and direct-cooling energy storage battery clusters are arranged in the energy storage units;
the heat regenerator, compressor, condenser and liquid storage pot, the first pipeline is all connected to the coolant outlet pipe of a plurality of energy storage unit cell clusters, first pipeline passes the heat regenerator and is connected to behind its heat transfer the compressor, the compressor is connected to through the second pipeline the condenser, the condenser is connected with the third pipeline, the third pipeline passes the heat regenerator and is connected to the liquid storage pot behind its heat transfer, the liquid storage pot is connected to the coolant inlet pipe of a plurality of energy storage unit cell clusters.
8. The cooling system of claim 7, wherein an expansion valve is installed on a cooling liquid inlet pipe of the energy storage unit battery cluster, a liquid separator is connected to the cooling liquid inlet pipe at the rear end of the expansion valve, the liquid separator is connected to cooling plates of a plurality of battery packs in the battery cluster through a plurality of liquid separation branch pipes, and the condenser is an air-cooled condenser.
9. The cooling system of claim 7, wherein the direct-cooled energy storage battery cluster comprises a plurality of direct-cooled energy storage battery packs arranged in parallel, the direct-cooled energy storage battery packs comprising a battery module, a cold plate, a heat-conducting glue and a box;
the battery module is positioned in the box body, the cold plate is positioned on the face of the battery module, and the heat conducting glue is positioned between the battery module and the cold plate;
the cold plate is internally provided with refrigerant flow channels, refrigerant media are filled in the refrigerant flow channels, the refrigerant flow channels are of a symmetrical structure, the inlet and outlet flow channels are alternately arranged, and meanwhile, the inlet of the cold plate comprises a section of gradually-shrinking and gradually-expanding structure.
10. The cooling system of claim 7, wherein the battery packs and battery clusters are each of modular construction, and four battery packs form a battery cluster.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN119133722A (en) * | 2024-09-14 | 2024-12-13 | 清安储能技术(重庆)有限公司 | A temperature control system for energy storage batteries |
| CN119419415A (en) * | 2024-11-28 | 2025-02-11 | 孝感楚能新能源创新科技有限公司 | Control method, device, equipment and medium of power battery temperature equalization system |
| CN120261819A (en) * | 2025-05-29 | 2025-07-04 | 浙江晶科储能有限公司 | Liquid cooling control method and device for energy storage system, energy storage system and electrical equipment |
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2023
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN119133722A (en) * | 2024-09-14 | 2024-12-13 | 清安储能技术(重庆)有限公司 | A temperature control system for energy storage batteries |
| CN119419415A (en) * | 2024-11-28 | 2025-02-11 | 孝感楚能新能源创新科技有限公司 | Control method, device, equipment and medium of power battery temperature equalization system |
| CN120261819A (en) * | 2025-05-29 | 2025-07-04 | 浙江晶科储能有限公司 | Liquid cooling control method and device for energy storage system, energy storage system and electrical equipment |
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