CN117072287A - A pollutant emission post-treatment system and method for an ammonia/ammonia-hydrogen fuel internal combustion engine - Google Patents
A pollutant emission post-treatment system and method for an ammonia/ammonia-hydrogen fuel internal combustion engine Download PDFInfo
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- CN117072287A CN117072287A CN202311073963.XA CN202311073963A CN117072287A CN 117072287 A CN117072287 A CN 117072287A CN 202311073963 A CN202311073963 A CN 202311073963A CN 117072287 A CN117072287 A CN 117072287A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
- F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
- F01N3/2882—Catalytic reactors combined or associated with other devices, e.g. exhaust silencers or other exhaust purification devices
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N11/00—Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion
- F01N3/206—Adding periodically or continuously substances to exhaust gases for promoting purification, e.g. catalytic material in liquid form, NOx reducing agents
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N9/00—Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D35/00—Controlling engines, dependent on conditions exterior or interior to engines, not otherwise provided for
- F02D35/0015—Controlling engines, dependent on conditions exterior or interior to engines, not otherwise provided for using exhaust gas sensors
- F02D35/0046—Controlling fuel supply
- F02D35/0092—Controlling fuel supply by means of fuel injection
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2570/00—Exhaust treating apparatus eliminating, absorbing or adsorbing specific elements or compounds
- F01N2570/14—Nitrogen oxides
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2570/00—Exhaust treating apparatus eliminating, absorbing or adsorbing specific elements or compounds
- F01N2570/14—Nitrogen oxides
- F01N2570/145—Dinitrogen oxide
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2570/00—Exhaust treating apparatus eliminating, absorbing or adsorbing specific elements or compounds
- F01N2570/18—Ammonia
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种氨/氨氢燃料内燃机的污染物排放后处理系统及方法，排气管上设有催化装置，排气管内在催化装置前后设有检测装置，检测装置连接控制器(6)；催化装置包括三效合一催化器(9)，对排气中的氨气、氮氧化物和一氧化二氮进行分解；三效合一催化器(9)前的排气管内设有氨气喷射器(2)，氨气喷射器(2)连接氨气罐(8)，氨气罐(8)连接控制器(6)；三效合一催化器(9)前后的排气管内分别设有检测装置，检测装置包括氨气传感器(3)。与现有技术相比，本发明通过传感器对燃烧污染物进行精确计量，并通过氨气喷射器和氨气传感器对三效合一催化器进行精准的化学反应控制，以达到排放污染物高效还原和低污染物排放的目的。
The invention relates to a pollutant emission post-treatment system and method for an ammonia/ammonia-hydrogen fuel internal combustion engine. The exhaust pipe is provided with a catalytic device, and the exhaust pipe is provided with a detection device before and after the catalytic device. The detection device is connected to a controller (6) ; The catalytic device includes a three-way in-one catalytic converter (9), which decomposes ammonia, nitrogen oxides and nitrous oxide in the exhaust; the exhaust pipe in front of the three-way in-one catalytic converter (9) is equipped with an ammonia The ammonia injector (2) and the ammonia injector (2) are connected to the ammonia tank (8), and the ammonia tank (8) is connected to the controller (6); the exhaust pipes before and after the three-way-in-one catalytic converter (9) are respectively A detection device is provided, and the detection device includes an ammonia gas sensor (3). Compared with the existing technology, the present invention accurately measures combustion pollutants through sensors, and accurately controls the chemical reaction of the three-way-in-one catalytic converter through ammonia injectors and ammonia sensors to achieve efficient reduction of discharged pollutants. and low pollutant emissions.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of internal combustion engines, and relates to a pollutant emission aftertreatment system and method for an ammonia/ammonia-hydrogen fuel internal combustion engine.
Background
Low carbon or zero carbon fuels are a viable route as alternative fuels for internal combustion engines. Ammonia (NH) 3 ) As a zero carbon fuel, it is a potential alternative fuel because it is rich in hydrogen (17.75% wt hydrogen) and liquid ammonia has a high energy density (11.5 mJ/L). Currently ammonia and hydrogen (H 2 ) It is a common practice to co-feed as fuel to an internal combustion engine for combustion.
Since ammonia contains nitrogen atoms in its molecule, fuel-type Nitrogen Oxides (NO) are produced during combustion x ). Such nitrogen oxides are unavoidable. Although carbonaceous contaminants are not produced during combustion, higher concentrations of nitrogen oxide emissions still need to be appreciated. At present, the means adopted for the treatment of nitrogen oxides on different vehicles are not the same. Three-way catalytic converters are generally used in passenger vehicles, while Urea-SCR catalytic converters are used in commercial vehicles. These treatments are also primarily directed to conventional carbonaceous fuels such as gasoline, diesel, and the like. The problems of lower combustion temperature and higher emission concentration of nitrogen oxides for ammonia/hydrogen fuel can cause problems of low treatment efficiency, incomplete treatment and the like if the existing catalyst is directly adopted.
According to recent studies, it has been shown that ammonia/hydrogen-fuelled internal combustion engines produce a relatively high concentration of nitrous oxide (N 2 O), which is not produced in conventional fuel engines. Nitrous oxide is a gas with an extremely strong greenhouse effect, which is carbon dioxide (CO) 2 ) 298 times of (2). Therefore, in ammonia/hydrogen fuel engines, control of nitrous oxide emissions is extremely important.
Compared with the traditional fuel internal combustion engine aftertreatment system, the working characteristics, the temperature interval and the selectivity of the reducing agent of the ammonia/hydrogen internal combustion engine aftertreatment system are greatly different, and the development of a special aftertreatment system aiming at nitrogen oxides, nitrous oxide and ammonia gas is very necessary.
The emissions from ammonia/ammonia-hydrogen engines are quite different from those from conventional gasoline or diesel engines, and are substantially free of carbon-containing emissions such as Hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide, but nitrogen oxide emissions are greater than diesel and nitrous oxide emissions are substantially absent from diesel and ammonia/ammonia engine emissions are relatively greater.
Patent CN115111031a discloses a pollutant emission treatment system based on an ammonia-hydrogen fuel power system, which precisely measures pollutant-nitrogen oxides through an ion current sensor in an engine cylinder and a plurality of sensors (a first nitrogen oxide sensor, a first temperature sensor, a first ammonia gas sensor, a second nitrogen oxide sensor, a second temperature sensor and a second ammonia gas sensor) outside the cylinder, and precisely controls chemical reaction of a post-treatment device through an ammonia gas injection system so as to achieve the purpose of high-efficiency reduction of emission pollutants; the ammonia amount entering the ammonia cracker is controlled by each sensor inside and outside the cylinder so as to achieve the optimal combustion in the cylinder, and the pollutant components in the exhaust gas are improved from the source; through the electric heating catalytic converter module and the ammonia oxidation catalyst module, the exhaust temperature is increased in the cold start stage, and the problem of high ammonia and high nitrogen oxide emission in the cold start stage of ammonia combustion can be effectively solved. The patent adopts a Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR), an ammonia oxidation catalyst (ASC) and an electric heating catalytic converter (EHC), wherein the selective catalytic reduction is used for treating nitrogen oxides, the ammonia oxidation catalyst is used for treating ammonia, but the structure does not comprise a special nitrous oxide treatment catalyst, the system structure is complex, the control and structure of a post-treatment system are complex, and the treatment efficiency is low.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome at least one defect in the prior art and provide a pollutant emission aftertreatment system and method for an ammonia/ammonia-hydrogen fuel internal combustion engine.
The aim of the invention can be achieved by the following technical scheme:
one of the technical aspects of the invention is to provide a pollutant emission post-treatment system of an ammonia/ammonia-hydrogen fuel internal combustion engine, wherein the fuel is combusted in an engine cylinder body, and the combustion exhaust gas contains a small amount of unburned ammonia (NH) 3 ) A certain amount of nitrogen oxides (NO x ) And nitrous oxide (N) 2 O) the exhaust flows out through an exhaust pipe and enters a post-treatment system, a catalytic device is arranged on the exhaust pipe, a detection device is arranged in the exhaust pipe in front of and behind the catalytic device, and the detection device is connected with a controller;
because the temperature of exhaust gas generated by the combustion of the ammonia fuel in the ammonia-hydrogen mixed fuel is relatively low, a certain amount of ammonia gas exists in the combustion products of the ammonia/ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine, and the catalytic device comprises a three-in-one (DeNH) 3 、DeNO x And Den 2 O) a catalyst for decomposing ammonia, nitrogen oxides and nitrous oxides in the exhaust gas;
an ammonia injector is arranged in the exhaust pipe in front of the three-in-one catalyst, the ammonia injector is connected with an ammonia tank, the ammonia tank is connected with a controller, the controller controls the ammonia tank in real time to provide a catalytic reducer for a post-treatment system, and the feedback adjustment is carried out through an ammonia sensor behind the three-in-one catalyst, so that the ammonia, nitrogen oxides and nitrous oxide in the three-in-one catalyst can fully react;
and detection devices are respectively arranged in the exhaust pipes before and after the three-in-one catalyst, and comprise ammonia sensors for respectively detecting the ammonia concentration of the exhaust gas before and after the three-in-one catalyst and transmitting signals to a controller.
As a preferred technical scheme, the catalyst in the three-in-one catalyst comprises an ammoxidation catalyst coated in layers or coated in sections and a nitrogen oxide selection catalyst, the ammoxidation catalyst comprises a noble metal alloy or a noble metal oxide, the noble metal alloy comprises a silver-copper alloy, the noble metal oxide comprises platinum, palladium or rhodium oxide, the nitrogen oxide selection catalyst comprises a molecular sieve, the molecular sieve comprises a copper-based, iron-based or manganese-based molecular sieve, ammonia is absorbed to reduce nitrogen oxide when gas passes through the catalyst, and meanwhile, excessive ammonia is oxidized by the ammoxidation catalyst to achieve the effect of simultaneous treatment, nitrous oxide is discharged, and the noble metal related catalyst can decompose the ammonia oxide when the catalyst passes through the three-in-one catalyst. Under the combined action, the three-effect integrated post-treatment effect is realized.
As a preferable technical scheme, the ammonia gas injector adopts an ammonia gas injection nozzle.
The added heater, catalyst and trap are optional modules, and are only needed to supplement the functions of the three-in-one catalyst. In other words, if the treatment effect of the three-in-one catalyst can reach the national emission standard, these optional modules can be all eliminated, and only one three-in-one catalyst is needed. On the contrary, the modules can be added in a targeted manner.
Further, the exhaust pipe is provided with a two-section catalytic device, wherein the front-section catalytic device comprises a three-in-one catalyst;
the latter catalytic device comprises an ammonia oxidation catalyst (ASC) to meet the ammonia slip requirement of 10ppm due to the micro toxicity of ammonia and the possible ammonia slip.
As a preferred technical scheme, the catalyst in the ammoxidation catalyst comprises a noble metal alloy or a noble metal oxide, wherein the noble metal alloy comprises a silver-copper alloy, and the noble metal oxide comprises platinum, palladium or rhodium oxide.
As the preferable technical scheme, the front-stage catalytic device is arranged on the exhaust pipe close to the exhaust end of the engine, and the exhaust temperature is utilized as much as possible, so that the ignition speed and the catalytic temperature of the three-in-one catalyst are improved, and the conversion efficiency is improved.
Further, a detection device is arranged in the exhaust pipe in front of the front-stage catalytic device, and comprises a nitrogen oxide sensor and a temperature sensor, which respectively detect the concentration of nitrogen oxide in the exhaust gas and the temperature of the exhaust gas, and transmit signals to a controller.
Further, the exhaust pipes behind the front section and the rear section catalytic devices are internally provided with detection devices respectively, the detection devices comprise temperature sensors, exhaust temperatures behind the three-in-one catalyst and the particulate matter catcher are detected respectively, signals are transmitted to the controller, the temperature sensors behind the three-in-one catalyst detect that if the exhaust temperatures are lower, the heater is started to heat the exhaust, and the temperature sensors behind the particulate matter catcher are used for feeding back the final exhaust temperature to determine the treatment effect of the particulate matter catcher.
Further, the front-stage catalytic device comprises a heater, and the heater is arranged at the front end of the three-in-one catalyst to heat exhaust gas so as to solve the problems of low exhaust gas temperature and insufficient conversion efficiency during cold start.
Further, in order to compensate the problem of insufficient reaction temperature of the ammonia oxidation catalyst, the rear-stage catalyst device comprises a heater, the heater is arranged at the front end of the ammonia oxidation catalyst to heat, the exhaust temperature is heated to be more than 200 ℃, the ammonia oxidation catalyst is ensured to effectively react, and the ammonia treatment efficiency of the ammonia oxidation catalyst is improved.
Further, the heater includes an electrically heated catalytic converter (EHC) or a Burner (Burner).
As a preferred embodiment, the catalyst in the electrically heated catalytic converter comprises a noble metal comprising platinum, palladium or rhodium.
As a preferred technical scheme, the electric heating catalytic converter is driven by an on-board battery.
As a preferred embodiment, the burner burns fuel.
Further, since a certain amount of nitrous oxide is generated during the ammonia absorption process of the ammonia oxidation catalyst, the rear stage catalytic apparatus comprises an oxidation catalystNitrogen decomposition (Den) 2 O) a catalyst, which is arranged at the rear end of the ammonia oxidation catalyst.
As a preferred technical scheme, the catalyst in the nitric oxide decomposition catalyst comprises a molecular sieve or a metal oxide, wherein the molecular sieve comprises an iron-based or copper-based molecular sieve, and the metal oxide comprises vanadium pentoxide.
Further, the rear-stage catalytic device includes a particulate matter trap (PF) provided at a rear end of the nitric oxide decomposition catalyst to trap particulate matter generated during operation of the engine.
Preferably, the fuel comprises ammonia fuel or ammonia-hydrogen mixed fuel.
One of the technical solutions of the present invention is to provide a method for post-treatment of pollutant emissions from an ammonia/ammonia-hydrogen fuel internal combustion engine, the method using said system for post-treatment of pollutants, said method comprising the steps of:
the pollutant detection detects pollutants in exhaust gas through an ammonia sensor and a nitrogen oxide sensor which are arranged in front of the three-in-one catalyst, the spraying amount of the catalytic reducer is controlled through an ammonia sprayer, the spraying amount of the catalytic reducer is fed back and regulated through the ammonia sensor which is arranged behind the three-in-one catalyst, and in-cylinder reduction is carried out through the three-in-one catalyst, the ammonia oxidation catalyst and the nitrogen oxide decomposition catalyst.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) According to the invention, a three-in-one catalyst is adopted to replace a traditional Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) as a catalyst of nitrogen oxides, so that three pollutants of ammonia, nitrogen oxides and nitrous oxide can be treated simultaneously, the volume of a post-treatment device is reduced, and the treatment efficiency is improved;
(2) According to the invention, the combustion pollutants of the engine are accurately measured through the plurality of ammonia gas/nitrogen oxide sensors arranged in the exhaust pipe, and the injection amount of the catalytic reducer in the aftertreatment system is accurately controlled through the ammonia gas injector and the ammonia gas sensor, so that the purpose of high-efficiency reduction of the discharged pollutants is achieved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a pollutant emission after-treatment system for an ammonia/ammonia-hydrogen fuel internal combustion engine according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a pollutant emission post-treatment system for an ammonia/ammonia hydrogen fuel internal combustion engine according to embodiment 2 of the present invention.
The figure indicates:
1-particulate matter trap, 2-ammonia injector, 3-ammonia sensor, 4-temperature sensor, 5-nitrogen oxide sensor, 6-controller, 7-engine, 8-ammonia tank, 9-three-in-one catalyst, 10-heater, 11-ammonia oxidation catalyst, 12-nitrogen monoxide decomposition catalyst.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The present embodiment is implemented on the premise of the technical scheme of the present invention, and a detailed implementation manner and a specific operation process are given, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the directions or positional relationships indicated by the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," and the like, as used herein, are used to describe a common object, merely as a representation of different instances of the same object, and are not intended to imply that the objects so described must be in a given order, whether temporally, spatially, in ranking, or in any other manner.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be either fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected, for example; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.
Example 1:
in an ammonia/ammonia-hydrogen fuel internal combustion engine pollutant emission aftertreatment system, as shown in fig. 1, the fuel is combusted in the engine 7 block, and the fuel includes ammonia fuel or ammonia-hydrogen mixed fuel, preferably ammonia-hydrogen mixed fuel in this embodiment, and the exhaust gas of the combustion exhaust gas contains a small amount of unburned ammonia (NH 3 ) A certain amount of nitrogen oxides (NO x ) And nitrous oxide (N) 2 O), the exhaust gas flows out through the exhaust pipe and enters the aftertreatment system, an ammonia gas sensor 3, a nitrogen oxide sensor 5 and a temperature sensor 4 are arranged in the exhaust pipe, the concentrations of ammonia gas and nitrogen oxide of the exhaust gas and the temperature of the exhaust gas are respectively detected, and signals are transmitted to a controller 6;
because the temperature of exhaust gas generated by burning the ammonia fuel in the ammonia-hydrogen mixed fuel is lower, a certain amount of ammonia exists in the combustion products of the ammonia/ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine, and the three-in-one (DeNH) 3 、DeNO x And Den 2 O) the catalyst 9 decomposes ammonia, nitrogen oxide and nitrous oxide in the exhaust gas, and installs the three-in-one catalyst 9 on the exhaust pipe (after the ammonia sensor 3, the nitrogen oxide sensor 5 and the temperature sensor 4) near the exhaust end of the engine 7, so as to utilize the exhaust temperature as much as possible, improve the light-off speed and the catalytic temperature of the three-in-one catalyst 9, and improve the conversion efficiency;
the ammonia sensor 3 and the nitrogen oxide sensor 5 measure the concentration of ammonia and nitrogen oxides in exhaust gas, the controller 6 controls the ammonia tank 8 in real time, the ammonia tank 8 is connected with the ammonia injector 2 arranged in the front exhaust pipe of the three-in-one catalyst 9, the ammonia injector 2 adopts an ammonia injection nozzle to provide a catalytic reducer for a post-treatment system, and the feedback regulation is carried out through the ammonia sensor 3 behind the three-in-one catalyst 9, so that the ammonia, the nitrogen oxides and the nitrous oxides in the three-in-one catalyst 9 can fully react;
a temperature sensor 4 is arranged in the exhaust pipe behind the three-in-one catalyst 9, the temperature of the exhaust gas is detected, a signal is transmitted to a controller 6, and if the temperature of the exhaust gas is lower, a heater 10 is started to heat the exhaust gas;
due to the micro toxicity of the ammonia gas and possible ammonia leakage, an ammonia oxidation catalyst (ASC) 11 is arranged behind the three-in-one catalyst 9 so as to meet the ammonia leakage requirement of 10 ppm;
in order to compensate the problem of insufficient reaction temperature of the ammonia oxidation catalyst 11, a heater 10 is arranged at the front end of the ammonia oxidation catalyst 11 for heating, the heater 10 comprises an electric heating catalytic converter (EHC) or a Burner (Burner), the electric heating catalytic converter is preferred in the embodiment, the exhaust temperature is heated to be more than 200 ℃, the ammonia oxidation catalyst 11 can be ensured to effectively react, the ammonia treatment efficiency of the ammonia oxidation catalyst 11 is improved, the electric heating catalytic converter is driven by a vehicle-mounted battery, the Burner can adopt ammonia fuel or ammonia-hydrogen mixed fuel as fuel, and the ammonia-hydrogen mixed fuel is preferred in the embodiment;
since a certain amount of nitrous oxide is generated during the absorption of ammonia gas by the ammonia oxidation catalyst 11, it is necessary to install nitric oxide decomposition (DeN) at the rear end of the ammonia oxidation catalyst 11 2 O) a catalyst 12;
a particulate matter trap (PF) 1 is installed at the rear end of the nitric oxide decomposition catalyst 12 to trap particulate matter generated during the operation of the engine 7;
a temperature sensor 4 is arranged in the rear exhaust pipe of the particle catcher 1, detects the exhaust temperature, and transmits a signal to a controller 6 for feeding back the final exhaust temperature to determine the treatment effect of the particle catcher 1.
According to the current technology, three-in-one catalysts are typically achieved by layered coating or staged coating of the substrate surface, with layered coating being preferred in this embodiment. In general terms, the ammoxidation catalyst is coated on the upper or lower layer of the nitrogen oxide selective catalyst, preferably the upper layer in this embodiment. When the gas passes through the catalyst, ammonia is absorbed to reduce nitrogen oxides, and meanwhile, redundant ammonia is oxidized through the ammonia oxidation catalyst, so that the effect of simultaneous treatment is achieved.
For the catalyst used, an ammonia oxidation catalyst is generally a noble metal alloy such as silver-copper alloy, or a noble metal oxide such as platinum, palladium, rhodium oxide, or the like, preferably platinum oxide in this embodiment. The nitrogen oxide selection catalyst is typically a molecular sieve, such as copper-based, iron-based, manganese-based, etc., and in this embodiment is preferably an iron-based molecular sieve.
The nitrous oxide emissions, when passing through a composite catalyst such as the three-in-one catalyst 9, are decomposed by the noble metal-related catalyst, and the nitrogen oxide-selective catalyst such as an iron-based molecular sieve has a decomposing effect. Under the combined action, the three-effect integrated post-treatment effect is realized.
The catalyst in the ammonia oxidation catalyst 11 is generally a noble metal alloy such as silver-copper alloy, or a noble metal oxide such as platinum, palladium, rhodium oxide, or the like, and platinum oxide is preferable in this embodiment.
The catalyst in the electrically heated catalytic converter is typically a noble metal such as platinum, palladium, rhodium, etc., with platinum being preferred in this embodiment.
The catalyst in the nitric oxide decomposition catalyst 12 is typically a molecular sieve, such as iron-based, copper-based, or the like, or a metal oxide, such as vanadium pentoxide (V 2 O 5 ) Etc., iron-based molecular sieves are preferred in this embodiment.
Specific catalytic reactions:
NO x selective catalysis:
4NH 3 +4NO+O 2 →4N 2 +6H 2 o (Standard reaction)
2NH 3 +NO+NO 2 →2N 2 +3H 2 O (quick response)
8NH 3 +6NO 2 →7N 2 +12H 2 (slow reaction)
NH 3 Oxidation catalysis:
4NH 3 +3O 2 →2N 2 +6H 2 O
N 2 o and NH 3 Catalytic reaction:
2NH 3 +3N 2 O→4N 2 +3H 2 O
N 2 o direct decomposition:
2N 2 O→2N 2 +O 2
a pollutant emission after-treatment method for an ammonia/ammonia-hydrogen fuel internal combustion engine, which uses the system to post-treat pollutants, comprises the following specific steps:
the pollutant detection detects the pollutant in the exhaust gas through the ammonia gas sensor 3 and the nitrogen oxide sensor 5 which are arranged in front of the three-in-one catalyst 9, the injection amount of the catalytic reducer is controlled through the ammonia gas injector 2, the spraying amount of the catalytic reducer is fed back and regulated through an ammonia sensor 3 arranged behind the three-in-one catalyst 9, and the three-in-one catalyst 9, the ammonia oxidation catalyst 11 and the nitric oxide decomposition catalyst 12 are used for in-cylinder reduction.
Example 2:
an ammonia/ammonia hydrogen fuel internal combustion engine pollutant emission post-treatment system is basically the same as that of the embodiment 1, as shown in fig. 2, except that a heater 10 is installed at the front end of a three-in-one catalyst 9 to heat exhaust gas, instead of the front end of an ammonia oxidation catalyst 11, the heater 10 adopts a burner, and fuel adopts ammonia fuel, so as to solve the problems of low exhaust gas temperature and insufficient conversion efficiency during cold start.
The previous description of the embodiments is provided to facilitate a person of ordinary skill in the art in order to make and use the present invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications can be readily made to these embodiments and the generic principles described herein may be applied to other embodiments without the use of the inventive faculty. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and those skilled in the art, based on the present disclosure, should make improvements and modifications without departing from the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
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| CN202311073963.XA CN117072287A (en) | 2023-08-24 | 2023-08-24 | A pollutant emission post-treatment system and method for an ammonia/ammonia-hydrogen fuel internal combustion engine |
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| CN118959122A (en) * | 2024-09-03 | 2024-11-15 | 潍柴动力股份有限公司 | Ammonia fuel internal combustion engine after-treatment system and control method |
| CN119754907A (en) * | 2024-12-20 | 2025-04-04 | 同济大学 | Tightly coupled H2-SCR ammonia/ammonia hydrogen internal combustion engine aftertreatment system and method |
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