CN117027646A - A step-by-step rectangular shallow hole drilling rig with horizontal cantilever adapted to rock formations - Google Patents
A step-by-step rectangular shallow hole drilling rig with horizontal cantilever adapted to rock formations Download PDFInfo
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- CN117027646A CN117027646A CN202311091818.4A CN202311091818A CN117027646A CN 117027646 A CN117027646 A CN 117027646A CN 202311091818 A CN202311091818 A CN 202311091818A CN 117027646 A CN117027646 A CN 117027646A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
- E21B7/02—Drilling rigs characterised by means for land transport with their own drive, e.g. skid mounting or wheel mounting
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
- E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
- E02D17/207—Securing of slopes or inclines with means incorporating sheet piles or piles
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F5/00—Dredgers or soil-shifting machines for special purposes
- E02F5/16—Machines for digging other holes in the soil
- E02F5/20—Machines for digging other holes in the soil for vertical holes
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B10/00—Drill bits
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B10/00—Drill bits
- E21B10/26—Drill bits with leading portion, i.e. drill bits with a pilot cutter; Drill bits for enlarging the borehole, e.g. reamers
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B10/00—Drill bits
- E21B10/42—Rotary drag type drill bits with teeth, blades or like cutting elements, e.g. fork-type bits, fish tail bits
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B10/00—Drill bits
- E21B10/60—Drill bits characterised by conduits or nozzles for drilling fluids
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B15/00—Supports for the drilling machine, e.g. derricks or masts
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B19/00—Handling rods, casings, tubes or the like outside the borehole, e.g. in the derrick; Apparatus for feeding the rods or cables
- E21B19/02—Rod or cable suspensions
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B19/00—Handling rods, casings, tubes or the like outside the borehole, e.g. in the derrick; Apparatus for feeding the rods or cables
- E21B19/08—Apparatus for feeding the rods or cables; Apparatus for increasing or decreasing the pressure on the drilling tool; Apparatus for counterbalancing the weight of the rods
- E21B19/084—Apparatus for feeding the rods or cables; Apparatus for increasing or decreasing the pressure on the drilling tool; Apparatus for counterbalancing the weight of the rods with flexible drawing means, e.g. cables
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B21/00—Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
- E21B7/001—Drilling a non circular hole
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Paleontology (AREA)
- Earth Drilling (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a stepwise rectangular shallow hole drill with a horizontal cantilever, which is suitable for a rock stratum, and comprises a drill carriage with a vertical drill rod, wherein the lower end of the vertical drill rod is sequentially provided with a rock slag treatment mechanism, a horizontal drilling component and a vertical drilling device; the rock slag treatment mechanism comprises a stirring device, a crushing device, a slag suction system, a slag discharge system and a grouting system; the stirring device comprises a stirring box and a stirring mechanism; a slag suction port arranged on the stirring box is connected with a slag suction system, and a slag discharge port is connected with a slag discharge system; the grouting system is communicated into the horizontal drilling assembly and the vertical drilling device; the horizontal drilling assembly comprises a horizontal drilling device and a horizontal hydraulic cylinder for driving the horizontal drilling device to horizontally move; the vertical drilling device comprises a plurality of cylindrical drilling components which form rectangular excavation surfaces. The invention has the advantages that: rectangular pile holes with horizontal cantilever structures are drilled in shallow rock bodies through a drill rod and an extensible horizontal drill with a reamer and a hob; rock is crushed for the second time by the crushing box, so that the pile hole can be better discharged, and the slag discharge pipe is prevented from being blocked.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of anti-slide pile drilling equipment, and particularly relates to a stepped rectangular shallow hole drilling machine with a horizontal cantilever, which is suitable for a rock stratum.
Background
In the projects such as side slope support, roadbed construction, foundation pit excavation, tunnel entrance and exit construction and the like, the slide-resistant pile is the most effective measure capable of transmitting the side thrust of a rock-soil body into a stable stratum below a sliding surface, resisting the side thrust and treating the projects and geological disasters. The slide-resistant piles are divided into rectangular section slide-resistant piles and circular section slide-resistant piles. The rectangular anti-skid pile has the advantages of high lateral rigidity, high single pile bearing capacity and the like, and can effectively enhance the anti-skid force, improve the anti-skid coefficient and the like. Therefore, rectangular-section slide piles are widely used in various engineering fields.
The traditional rectangular slide-resistant pile has a larger section and can not fully utilize the strength of rock-soil mass before the pile. For the anti-slide pile with the horizontal cantilever structure, the horizontal cantilever can fully utilize the strength of rock and soil mass in front of the pile, so that the anti-slide capacity of the anti-slide pile is improved, but the hole forming difficulty of a horizontal cantilever pile hole of the rectangular anti-slide pile with the horizontal cantilever is extremely high. The traditional rectangular section slide-resistant pile adopts a manual excavation and mechanical excavation mode, collapse caused by manual hole digging pile construction accounts for 65% of the total number of collapse accidents, and the traditional rectangular section slide-resistant pile is low in efficiency, high in cost, and safer and more efficient in mechanical excavation. Therefore, the mechanical drilling of pile holes with the horizontal cantilever rectangular anti-slide piles in the rock and soil layers has important significance for ensuring the safety of constructors and improving the efficiency.
At present, rectangular drilling equipment and excavation modes are various, for example:
the patent number CN 106836354A 'rectangular anti-slide pile mechanical pore-forming device' is characterized in that a rectangular shovel head is formed by a plurality of cutting blades, and a counterweight or a hydraulic propulsion device is arranged at the rear end of the shovel head to drill rectangular pile holes.
The patent number CN 103244053A rectangular drilling machine mainly drives T-shaped cutter heads uniformly distributed at the lower parts of two steel frames to move in opposite directions and reciprocate through two cam bodies, and cuts soil into rectangular holes.
The patent number CN 104533300A rectangular drilling machine is characterized in that a conical drill bit is arranged at the bottom of a rectangular transmission case, cross-shaped long cutters are arranged on four sides of the rectangular transmission case, the conical drill bit drills to form a circular pile hole, and then the circular pile hole is trimmed into the rectangular pile hole through rotary cutting of the cross-shaped long cutters.
The patent No. CN 207715083U, a rectangular anti-slide pile hole-forming drilling machine, mainly sets a round drilling cylinder and a rectangular drilling cylinder at the bottom of a drill rod, the round drilling cylinder is screwed into a round pile hole, and then the rectangular pile hole is formed by cutting soil around the round pile hole through the rectangular drilling cylinder.
The patent No. CN 105951798A "rectangular drilling machine" mainly uses motor to drive four concave waist cylinders with reamer to cut soil body, and uses motor to drill rectangular pile hole.
The existing drilling machine mainly forms vertical rectangular pile holes in a rock-soil body, but has the following problems:
(1) The rectangular anti-slide pile hole with the horizontal cantilever structure cannot be drilled in the soil body, and the drilling in rock bodies (broken stone, pebble, soft rock, hard rock and other strata) cannot be realized;
(2) Other machines (grab buckets) or auxiliary measures (a mud positive circulation deslagging method) are adopted to clean the slag soil in the pile holes, and the integration level of drilling and deslagging equipment is low, the drilling construction efficiency is low and the cost is high.
Disclosure of Invention
According to the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a stepwise rectangular shallow hole drilling machine with a horizontal cantilever, which is suitable for a rock stratum, wherein a drill carriage with a vertical drill rod is adopted for driving a horizontal drilling assembly and a vertical drilling device to drill downwards stepwise to form a rectangular shallow hole with the horizontal cantilever, namely, the vertical drilling device is stopped after excavating the rectangular pile hole to the designed depth of the horizontal cantilever by adopting a cylindrical drilling assembly distributed in a matrix form, then the horizontal drilling assembly drives the horizontal drilling device to horizontally elongate sideways by a horizontal hydraulic cylinder to realize the drilling of the rectangular pile hole with the horizontal cantilever structure in the shallow rock stratum, the horizontal drilling assembly is retracted to stop rotating after the drilling of the horizontal cantilever structure is completed, and finally the vertical drilling device continues to excavate the rectangular pile hole downwards to the designed depth; in addition, when the vertical drilling device and the horizontal drilling assembly roll-twist rock stratum, mud slurry is injected into the pile hole through the grouting system so as to be beneficial to sucking rock blocks mixed with the mud.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the rectangular shallow hole drilling machine with the horizontal cantilever is suitable for rock strata and is characterized by comprising a drill carriage with a vertical drill rod, wherein a rock slag treatment mechanism, a horizontal drilling assembly and a vertical drilling device are sequentially arranged at the lower end of the vertical drill rod from top to bottom; wherein:
the rock slag treatment mechanism comprises a stirring device, a crushing device, a slag suction system, a slag discharge system and a grouting system; the stirring device comprises a stirring box and a stirring mechanism arranged on the stirring box, and the lower end of the vertical drill rod is connected with and drives the stirring mechanism; the slag suction port arranged on the stirring box is connected with the slag suction system, and the slag discharge port arranged on the stirring box is connected with the slag discharge system; the grouting system is communicated into the horizontal drilling assembly and the vertical drilling device;
the horizontal drilling assembly comprises a horizontal drilling device and a horizontal hydraulic cylinder for driving the horizontal drilling device to move laterally;
the vertical drilling device comprises a plurality of cylindrical drilling assemblies which are horizontally arranged and form a rectangular excavation surface.
The stirring mechanism comprises a main gear and a plurality of auxiliary gears which are meshed with the main gear for transmission, the lower end of the vertical drill rod drives the main gear to rotate, a stirring main rotating shaft which extends into the stirring box is coaxially arranged on the main gear, and stirring blades are arranged on the stirring main rotating shaft; the auxiliary gear is coaxially provided with a stirring auxiliary rotating shaft extending into the stirring box, and the stirring auxiliary rotating shaft is provided with stirring blades.
The vertical drilling device comprises a U-shaped fork plate and a plurality of cylindrical drilling components arranged on the U-shaped fork plate, wherein the U-shaped fork plate consists of a web plate, wing plates arranged on two sides of the web plate and steel supports vertically welded on the web plate, the cylindrical drilling components comprise two cylinders, a motor for driving the cylinders to rotate, a plurality of hob components arranged on the surfaces of the cylinders at intervals and a plurality of reamer components arranged between the adjacent hob components, each hob component comprises a hob base and a circle of hob fixed on the hob base, and each reamer component comprises a reamer base and a reamer obliquely fixed on the reamer base; the motor is fixed on the steel support and drives the rotating shaft in the cylinder to rotate.
The cylindrical drill components are distributed in a matrix.
The horizontal drill component further comprises a horizontal drill reaction frame which is of a box-shaped structure with an opening in the lateral direction, wherein the upper surface of the horizontal drill reaction frame is fixedly connected with the stirring box of the sludge treatment mechanism, and the lower surface of the horizontal drill reaction frame is fixedly connected with the U-shaped fork plate of the vertical drill device; the cylinder barrel end face of the horizontal hydraulic cylinder is fixed on the inner side wall face of the horizontal drill reaction frame, and the piston rod of the horizontal hydraulic cylinder drives the horizontal drill device to horizontally extend and retract laterally.
The slag sucking system comprises a slag sucking main pipe, a slag sucking valve is arranged between the slag sucking main pipe and a slag sucking port of the stirring box, the crushing device comprises a fan for sucking and a crushing cutter for crushing mud slag, the suction port of the slag sucking main pipe is bifurcated into a vertical slag sucking branch pipe and a horizontal slag sucking branch pipe, a suction head of the vertical slag sucking branch pipe is connected into the vertical drilling device, a suction head of the horizontal slag sucking branch pipe is connected into the horizontal drilling assembly, slag sucking valves are arranged at the suction head, and a pipe body of the horizontal slag sucking branch pipe adopts a telescopic pipe.
The slag discharging system comprises a slag discharging pipe and a slag discharging pump arranged on the slag discharging pipe, and the lower port of the slag discharging pipe is communicated with the slag discharging port on the stirring box.
The grouting system comprises a grouting main pipe and grouting pumps arranged on the grouting main pipe, the lower port of the grouting main pipe is branched into a vertical grouting branch pipe and a horizontal grouting branch pipe, a spray head of the vertical grouting branch pipe extends into the vertical drilling device and is close to the position of the cylindrical drilling assembly, a spray head of the horizontal grouting branch pipe extends into the horizontal drilling assembly and is close to the position of the horizontal drilling assembly, grouting valves are arranged at the spray heads, and a pipe body part of the horizontal grouting branch pipe, which is positioned in the horizontal drilling assembly, adopts a telescopic pipe to move back and forth along with the horizontal drilling assembly.
The upper part of the stirring box is provided with a pipeline fixing frame, and the slag suction main pipe, the slag discharge pipe and the grouting main pipe are distributed along the pipeline fixing frame.
The drill carriage comprises a vehicle-mounted platform, a steel upright post, a pull rod, a hinged shaft, a guide rail, a sliding block, a steel cantilever beam and a rotating motor, wherein the steel upright post is vertically arranged on the vehicle-mounted platform, the upper end of the pull rod is hinged with the upper end of the steel upright post, the lower end of the pull rod is hinged with the hinged shaft fixed on the vehicle-mounted platform, the guide rail is vertically arranged and fixed along the steel upright post, the sliding block is slidably assembled on the guide rail, the steel cantilever beam is fixed on the sliding block, and the rotating motor is fixed on the steel cantilever beam and drives the vertical drill rod to rotate.
The invention has the advantages that:
(1) Rectangular pile holes with horizontal cantilever structures are drilled in shallow rock bodies through a drill rod and an extensible horizontal drill with a reamer and a hob;
(2) The horizontal cantilever structure and the vertical pile body can be formed at one time without other mechanical assistance, so that the purposes of improving the construction efficiency and saving the construction and equipment cost are achieved;
(3) Rock is crushed for the second time through the crushing box, so that the pile hole can be better discharged, and the slag discharge pipe is prevented from being blocked;
(4) Meanwhile, the drilling machine has the functions of drilling and deslagging, the integration level of the drilling machine is high, uninterrupted synchronous drilling and deslagging are realized, the construction procedures are reduced, the construction cost is saved, and the drilling construction efficiency is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional position of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a partial schematic view of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view A-A of FIG. 2 in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a front view of the vertical drilling apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view B-B of FIG. 5 in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of FIG. 2 illustrating the embodiment of the present invention
FIG. 8 is a D-D cross-sectional view of FIG. 2 according to the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view E-E of FIG. 2 in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a side view of a horizontal drilling assembly of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of F-F of FIG. 10 in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view of the G-G of FIG. 2 in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view H-H of FIG. 2 in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view I-I of FIG. 2 in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 15 is a J-J cross-sectional view of FIG. 2 in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view of K-K of FIG. 2 in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 17 is a schematic view of the construction steps of the step-wise rectangular shallow hole drill with horizontal cantilever adapted to the rock strata of the present invention;
as shown in fig. 1-17, the labels in the figures are respectively:
1. the vertical drilling device comprises a vertical drilling device, a horizontal drilling assembly, a stirring device, a crushing device, a slag sucking system, a pipeline fixing frame, a slag discharging system, a grouting system and a drill carriage, wherein the vertical drilling device comprises a vertical drilling device, a horizontal drilling assembly, a stirring device, a crushing device, a slag sucking system, a pipeline fixing frame, a slag discharging system, a grouting system and a drill carriage;
11. the cylindrical drilling assembly comprises a 12U-shaped fork plate, 111 parts of a cylinder, 112 parts of a reamer assembly, 113 parts of a hob assembly, 114 parts of a motor, 115 parts of a motor rotating shaft, 121 parts of wing plates, 122 parts of a web plate, 123 parts of a steel support, 124 parts of a rotating shaft hole, 125 parts of a vertical slag suction branch pipe through hole, 126 parts of a vertical grouting branch pipe through hole, 1121 parts of a reamer base, 1122 parts of a reamer, 1131 parts of a hob base, 1132 parts of a hob;
21. the horizontal drilling device comprises a horizontal drilling device 22, a horizontal hydraulic cylinder 23, a horizontal drilling reaction frame 211, a horizontal slag suction branch pipe through hole 212, a horizontal grouting branch pipe through hole 231, a horizontal hydraulic side guard plate 232, a horizontal hydraulic upper side plate 233, a horizontal hydraulic lower side plate 234, a horizontal hydraulic reaction plate 235, a slag suction main pipe through hole 236 and a grouting main pipe through hole;
31. stirring box 32, double-layer big blade 33, stirring main rotating shaft 34, double-layer small blade 35, stirring auxiliary rotating shaft 36, single-layer small blade, 37, 38, 39, 310, 311, 312, drill pipes;
41. the crushing box, 42, middle partition plates, 43, connecting pipes, 44, a rack, 45, a fan motor, 46, fan blades, 47, crushing cutters and 48, and a filter screen;
51. the slag sucking main pipe is 52, a vertical slag sucking branch pipe is 53, a horizontal slag sucking branch pipe is 54, a telescopic pipe is 55, a suction head is 56, a vertical slag sucking valve is 57, and a horizontal slag sucking valve is provided;
61. the grouting device comprises a top steel plate, a middle steel plate, a bottom steel plate, a side vertical plate, a circular through hole, a slag discharging pipe fixing hole and a grouting pipe fixing hole, wherein the top steel plate, the middle steel plate, the bottom steel plate, the side vertical plate, the circular through hole and the circular through hole are respectively arranged at the bottom and the top and the bottom;
71. slag discharging pipe 72. Slag discharging pump;
81. the grouting device comprises a grouting main pipe, 82, a grouting pump, 83, a vertical grouting branch pipe, 84, a horizontal grouting branch pipe, 85, a spray head, 86, a vertical grouting valve and 87;
91. the vehicle-mounted platform comprises a rotating motor, 92, a steel cantilever beam, 93, a sliding block, 94, a steel upright post, 95, a guide rail, 96, a hinged shaft, 97, a pull rod and 98;
a. rock stratum b, drilling machine c, free section pile hole d, horizontal cantilever pile hole e, embedding and fixing section pile hole.
Description of the embodiments
The features of the present invention and other related features are described in further detail below by way of example in conjunction with the following drawings, to facilitate understanding by those skilled in the art:
examples: as shown in fig. 1-16, the embodiment specifically relates to a step-by-step rectangular shallow hole drilling machine with a horizontal cantilever, which is suitable for a rock stratum, the rectangular shallow hole drilling machine comprises a drill carriage 9, a pipeline fixing frame 6, a slag treatment mechanism, a horizontal drilling assembly 2 and a vertical drilling device 1, a drill rod 312 which is vertically arranged is arranged on the drill carriage 9, the lower end of the drill rod 312 is sequentially connected with the slag treatment mechanism, the horizontal drilling assembly 2 and the vertical drilling device 1 from top to bottom, and the pipeline fixing frame 6 is arranged on the upper surface of the slag treatment mechanism, wherein the slag treatment mechanism comprises a stirring device 3, a crushing device 4, a slag suction system 5, a slag discharge system 7 and a grouting system 8.
As shown in fig. 1, the drill carriage 1 includes a vehicle-mounted platform 98, a steel upright post 94, a pull rod 97, a hinge shaft 96, a guide rail 95, a sliding block 93, a steel cantilever beam 92 and a rotating motor 91, wherein the vehicle-mounted platform 98 is provided with a track wheel capable of running and is positioned on the ground, the steel upright post 94 is vertically erected at the front end of the vehicle-mounted platform 98, the pull rod 97 forms a diagonal bracing reinforcing effect on the steel upright post 94, and in particular, the upper end of the pull rod 97 is hinged with the upper end of the steel upright post 94, and the lower end of the pull rod 97 is hinged with the hinge shaft 96; the guide rail 95 is attached and fixed along the steel upright post 94 to form a track in the vertical direction, and the sliding block 93 is slidably assembled on the guide rail 95 and can slide in the vertical direction under the drive of the power mechanism; the steel cantilever beam 92 is fixed on the sliding block 93, the rotating motor 91 is installed on the steel cantilever beam 92, and the vertically arranged drill rod 312 is driven to rotate by the rotating motor 91 and can move along with the sliding block 93 in the vertical direction, namely, the drill rod 312 can drill downwards under the driving of the sliding block 93.
As shown in fig. 1 to 8, the vertical drilling device 1 is used for drilling rectangular shallow holes, and mainly comprises a plurality of cylindrical drilling assemblies 11 and a U-shaped fork plate 12 used as a mounting frame, wherein the U-shaped fork plate 12 mainly comprises a web 122 and wing plates 121 positioned on two sides of the web 122, and steel supports 123 are vertically welded in the middle position of the web 122 based on the number of the cylindrical drilling assemblies 11. The cylindrical drill assembly 11 is composed of two cylindrical drills, a motor 113 and a motor shaft 114, in this embodiment, the number of cylindrical drills is 4, and the cylindrical drills are distributed in a matrix form to form rectangular cutting surfaces, and rectangular pile holes are formed in the downward cutting process, wherein the matrix distribution refers to that the cylindrical drills are respectively arranged at two sides of the steel support 123. The cylindrical drill comprises a cylinder 111, a plurality of hob assemblies 113 distributed on the surface of the cylinder 111 at intervals, and a plurality of reamer assemblies 112 distributed between adjacent hob assemblies 113 on the surface of the cylinder 111 at intervals, a centrally arranged steel support 123 is welded or bolted with the shell of a motor 114, a motor rotating shaft 115 of the motor 114 drives the cylinders 111 on two sides to rotate, and the end parts of the motor rotating shaft 115 are supported in rotating shaft holes 124 of wing plates 121 on two sides. As shown in fig. 5-8, the height of the hob assembly 113 protruding above the cylinder 111 is higher than the reamer assembly 112, so that when cutting a rock mass, the hob 1132 on the hob assembly 113 first contacts the rock mass, i.e., the hob assembly 113 first breaks the rock face in its entirety into a plurality of large pieces of rock, and then further twists the large pieces of rock on the excavated face into small diameter rock pieces (or slag) by the reamer assembly 112; hob assembly 113 includes a hob base 1131 and a ring of hob 1132 secured to hob base 1131; the reamer assembly 112 includes a reamer base 1121 and a reamer 1122, and the reamer 1122 is in an inclined installation posture under the fixation of the reamer base 1121 to facilitate the reaming of a rock formation. For rock mass, if the hob 1132 is adopted to directly crush the rock mass of the excavated surface or the reamer 1122 is directly used for cutting, the strength, hardness and wear resistance of the hob and reamer materials are required to meet higher requirements, so that the development difficulty of the hob and reamer materials is increased, and the construction cost is increased. The hob 1132 and the reamer 1122 are combined, and the hob 1132 only fractures the rock mass of the excavated surface, so that the strength of the rock mass is reduced, the reamer 1122 is beneficial to cutting the rock mass more easily, the requirements on the strength, the hardness and the wear resistance of the hob and the reamer material can be correspondingly reduced, and the wear of the reamer and the hob can be reduced. Therefore, the method of combining the rock mass with the low strength after the hob 1132 is firstly used for fracturing the rock mass with the excavated face and then the reamer 1122 is used for cutting the rock mass with the low strength after the fracturing is adopted, so that the working efficiency can be improved, the cutter abrasion can be reduced, and the construction cost can be reduced.
In addition, a plurality of vertical slag sucking branch pipe through holes 125 and vertical grouting branch pipe through holes 126 are formed in the web 122, wherein the vertical slag sucking branch pipe through holes 125 are arranged so that the suction heads 55 of the vertical slag sucking branch pipes 52 in the slag sucking system 5 extend into the U-shaped fork plates 12 to suck the excavated rock slag; the vertical grouting branch pipe through holes 126 can facilitate the vertical grouting branch pipe 83 on the grouting system 8 to penetrate through and extend into the U-shaped fork plate 12 for supplementary grouting, so as to mix with the cut and broken rock slag to form slurry fluid, and the suction of the vertical slag suction branch pipe 52 is facilitated.
As shown in fig. 1-3 and 9-11, the horizontal drilling assembly 2 is used for horizontal cantilever excavation and mainly comprises a horizontal drilling reaction frame 23, a horizontal hydraulic cylinder 22 and a horizontal drilling device 21. The horizontal drill reaction frame 23 is of a laterally open box-type structure, and comprises a horizontal hydraulic reaction plate 234, a horizontal hydraulic upper side plate 232 mounted above the horizontal hydraulic reaction plate 234, a horizontal hydraulic lower side plate 233 mounted below the horizontal hydraulic reaction plate 234, and horizontal hydraulic side guard plates 231 mounted on two sides of the horizontal hydraulic reaction plate 234, so as to form the open box-type structure. The number of the horizontal hydraulic cylinders 22 is required to ensure that the horizontal drilling device 21 can be stably pushed or retracted, the horizontal drilling device 21 is provided with an upper group and a lower group to drill rectangular pile holes of the horizontal cantilever, based on the two groups, the rear ends of cylinder barrels of the horizontal hydraulic cylinders 22 are fixed on the horizontal hydraulic counter-force plates 234, the front ends of piston rods of the horizontal hydraulic cylinders 22 are connected with a mounting frame of the horizontal drilling device 21 to drive the horizontal drilling device 21 to do lateral horizontal telescopic movement towards the opening direction, the horizontal hydraulic cylinders 22 drive the horizontal drilling device 21 forward under the counter-force support provided by the horizontal drilling counter-force frame 23 to cut the cutter soil to form the rectangular pile holes of the horizontal cantilever, and after the horizontal cantilever is excavated, the horizontal hydraulic cylinders 22 drive the horizontal drilling device 21 to retract into the box space of the horizontal drilling counter-force frame 23. It should be noted that the horizontal drilling device 21 has the same structure as the cylindrical drilling assembly 11, and also adopts a hob assembly and a reamer assembly to adapt to the rock stratum; in addition, a slag suction main pipe through hole 235 is formed in the horizontal hydraulic upper side plate 232, a horizontal slag suction branch pipe through hole 211 and a horizontal grouting branch pipe through hole 212 are formed in a mounting frame partition plate of the horizontal drilling device 21, a slag suction main pipe 51 in the slag suction system 5 extends into a box space of the horizontal drilling reaction frame 23 through the slag suction main pipe through hole 235, and a horizontal slag suction branch pipe 53 forked on the slag suction main pipe 51 extends into a position of the horizontal drilling device 21 through the horizontal slag suction branch pipe through hole 211 so as to suck excavated sludge (rock slag and slurry mixture); the branched horizontal grouting branch pipe 84 on the grouting main pipe 81 extends to the position close to the horizontal drilling device 21 through the horizontal grouting branch pipe through hole 212 for supplementary grouting so as to mix with the cut and broken rock slag to form slurry fluid, thereby facilitating the suction of the horizontal slag suction branch pipe 53.
As shown in fig. 1-16, the rock slag treatment mechanism comprises a stirring device 3, a crushing device 4, a slag suction system 5, a slag discharge system 7 and a grouting system 8.
The stirring device 3 comprises a stirring box 31 and a stirring mechanism, wherein the stirring box 31 is fixedly arranged on the upper surface of the horizontal drill reaction frame 23, the stirring mechanism comprises a main gear 37 and a plurality of auxiliary gears 39 meshed with the main gear 37 for transmission, the main gear 37 is fixedly connected with the lower end of a drill rod 312, the rotating drill rod 312 can drive the main gear 37 to rotate so as to further drive the auxiliary gears 39 to rotate, a stirring main rotating shaft 33 extending into the stirring box 31 is coaxially arranged on the main gear 37, stirring blades are arranged on the stirring main rotating shaft 33, and the stirring blades adopt double-layer large blades 32; each auxiliary gear 39 is coaxially provided with a stirring auxiliary rotating shaft 35 extending into the stirring box 31, the stirring auxiliary rotating shafts 35 are also provided with stirring blades, part of the stirring blades on the stirring auxiliary rotating shafts 35 adopt double-layer small blades 34, the other part of the stirring blades on the stirring auxiliary rotating shafts 35 adopt single-layer small blades 36, and evenly mixed slurry can be obtained by stirring the slurry body containing rock slag in the stirring box 31 so as to be beneficial to discharge. In order to avoid slurry in the stirring tank 31 from penetrating into the gear box where the main gear 37 and the auxiliary gear 39 are located during stirring, a main gear isolation pad 38 is provided at the junction of the stirring main rotating shaft 33 and the stirring tank 31, and an auxiliary gear isolation pad 310 is provided at the junction of the stirring auxiliary rotating shaft 35 and the stirring tank 31. As shown in fig. 3, a steel cover plate 311 is arranged on the top of the gear box where the main gear 37 and the auxiliary gear 39 are arranged, and is used for being connected with the pipe fixing frame 6. The stirring tank 31 is provided with a slag suction port and a slag discharge port.
The grouting system 8 mainly comprises a grouting main pipe 81, a grouting pump 82, a vertical grouting branch pipe 83 and a horizontal grouting branch pipe 84, and since the rectangular shallow hole drill in the embodiment is applied to a rock stratum, the cut rock slag is difficult to pump and transport granular pure solids, and the main function of the grouting system 8 is to pump the supplemented slurry to the cutting position, so that the rock slag and the slurry are mixed for pumping, and the grouting pump 82 is responsible for pumping operation. The grouting pipe 81 extends into the horizontal drilling assembly 2 and the vertical drilling device 1 from the ground, the lower port of the grouting pipe is branched into a horizontal grouting branch pipe 84 and a vertical grouting branch pipe 83, the horizontal grouting branch pipe 84 extends into the horizontal drilling assembly 2 and the vertical drilling device 1 respectively to pump slurry, the injection end of the horizontal grouting branch pipe 84 is provided with a spray head 85, the spray head 85 is provided with a horizontal grouting valve 87, and the injection end of the vertical grouting branch pipe 83 is provided with a spray head 85 and the spray head 85 is provided with a vertical grouting valve 86; in the drilling process, the on-off of the horizontal grouting valve 87 and the vertical grouting valve 86 is determined according to whether the rectangular shallow hole drilling machine is used for downwards excavating rectangular drilling holes or laterally excavating horizontal cantilever pile holes.
The slag sucking system 5 is connected to the slag sucking port of the stirring tank 31, the slag sucking system 5 mainly comprises a slag sucking main pipe 51, a vertical slag sucking branch pipe 52, a horizontal slag sucking branch pipe 53 and a crushing device 4, one end of the slag sucking main pipe 51 is communicated with the slag sucking port of the stirring tank 31 through the crushing device 4, the other end (namely a sucking end) of the slag sucking main pipe 51 is branched into the vertical slag sucking branch pipe 52 and the horizontal slag sucking branch pipe 53, as shown in fig. 3, the vertical slag sucking branch pipe 52 extends into the vertical drilling device 1, a suction head 55 of the vertical slag sucking branch pipe 52 is close to the cylindrical drilling component 11 so that the vertical slag sucking branch pipe can suck cut rock slag and pumped slurry, and a vertical slag sucking valve 56 is arranged at the suction head 55 and used for controlling on-off of a pipeline. The horizontal slag sucking branch pipe 53 extends into the horizontal drilling assembly 2, the suction head 55 of the horizontal slag sucking branch pipe 53 is close to the horizontal drilling device 21 so that the horizontal slag sucking branch pipe can suck the cut and dug soil sludge, and a horizontal slag sucking valve 57 is arranged at the suction head 55 and used for controlling on-off of a pipeline, wherein in order to adapt to the forward and backward movement of the horizontal drilling device 21, part of the pipeline of the horizontal slag sucking branch pipe 53 is in the form of a telescopic pipe 54. The pumped sludge is crushed into fine particles by the crushing device 4 and then enters the stirring tank 31, the crushing device 4 mainly comprises a crushing tank 41, a middle partition plate 42, a connecting pipe 43, a rack 44, a fan motor 45, fan blades 46, a crushing knife 47 and a filter screen 48, the middle partition plate 42 is obliquely arranged in the crushing tank 41 to form a ramp which is beneficial to the flow of the sludge, the fan motor 45 is arranged on a top plate in the crushing tank 41 through the rack 44, the fan blades 46 are arranged on a rotating shaft of the fan motor 45, the fan motor 45 and the fan blades 46 rotating at high speed can form negative pressure pumping in a sludge suction main pipe 51, a crushing knife 47 is arranged at the installation position of the fan motor 45, so that the pumped sludge can enter the stirring tank 31 through the connecting pipe 43 after being crushed by the crushing knife 47, and the end face of the fan motor 45 is provided with the filter screen 48 to filter large-particle rock sludge so as to prevent the rock sludge from flowing into the stirring tank 31 from the fan motor 45.
The slag discharging port of the stirring box 31 is connected with a slag discharging system 7 from the ground, the slag discharging system 7 comprises a slag discharging pipe 71 and a slag discharging pump 72, the lower end of the slag discharging pipe 71 is communicated with the slag discharging port of the stirring box 31, and the port of the slag discharging pipe is extended downwards to a certain depth so as to facilitate pumping more slurry, and the slag discharging pipe 71 pumps the uniformly stirred slurry from the stirring box 31 to the ground through the slag discharging pump 72 for collection.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3 and 16, the pipe fixing frame 6 has a box structure including a top steel plate 61, a middle steel plate 62, a bottom steel plate 63 and a plurality of side vertical plates 64 connecting the three, in addition, circular through holes 65 are formed in the top steel plate 61, the middle steel plate 62 and the bottom steel plate 63 of the pipe fixing frame 6 for the drill pipe 312 to pass through, and in addition, slag pipe fixing holes 66 for the slag pipes 71 to pass through and grouting pipe fixing holes 67 for the grouting main pipe 81 to pass through are formed in the top steel plate 61, the middle steel plate 62 and the bottom steel plate 63. In order to avoid pipe wobble during drilling, the pipe holder 6 may provide a fixing for each pipe passing.
As shown in fig. 17, the method for excavating rectangular shallow holes with horizontal cantilevers step by step in a rock stratum by using the rectangular shallow hole drilling machine in the embodiment includes the following steps:
(S1) in a rock stratum a, drilling a vertical rectangular pile hole by using a vertical drilling device 1 on a drilling machine b to form a free section pile hole c until the design depth of a horizontal cantilever pile hole d; in the process of drilling the pile hole c of the free section downwards, continuously opening a spray head 85 on a vertical grouting branch pipe 83 through a vertical grouting valve 86 for slurry injection, closing the spray head 85 on the horizontal grouting branch pipe 84 through a horizontal grouting valve 87, simultaneously continuously opening a suction head 55 on a vertical slag suction branch pipe 52 through a vertical slag suction valve 56 for sucking rock mass and slurry mixture, and closing the suction head 55 on a horizontal slag suction branch pipe 53 through a horizontal slag suction valve 57;
(S2) stopping the drilling work of the vertical drilling device 1 and the slurry injection of the vertical grouting branch pipe 83 after the designed elevation of the horizontal cantilever pile hole d is reached; opening the horizontal drilling assembly 2 and the horizontal grouting valve 87 on the horizontal grouting branch pipe 84, and driving the horizontal drilling device 21 to drill horizontally outwards to a designed length position by the horizontal hydraulic cylinder 22 so as to form a horizontal cantilever pile hole d; simultaneously, sucking the rock mass and slurry mixture is continuously carried out by opening the suction head 55 on the horizontal slag sucking branch pipe 53 through the horizontal slag sucking valve 57, and closing the suction head 55 on the vertical slag sucking branch pipe 52 through the vertical slag sucking valve 56;
(S3) after the construction of the horizontal cantilever pile hole d is completed, the horizontal hydraulic cylinder 22 drives the horizontal drilling device 21 to retract inwards to the minimum stroke; and then, continuing to drill to the designed depth by using the vertical drilling device 1 to form a pile hole e of the embedded section.
The beneficial effects of this embodiment are:
(1) Rectangular pile holes with horizontal cantilever structures are drilled in shallow rock bodies through a drill rod and an extensible horizontal drill with a reamer and a hob;
(2) The horizontal cantilever structure and the vertical pile body can be formed at one time without other mechanical assistance, so that the purposes of improving the construction efficiency and saving the construction and equipment cost are achieved;
(3) Rock is crushed for the second time through the crushing box, so that the pile hole can be better discharged, and the slag discharge pipe is prevented from being blocked;
(4) Meanwhile, the drilling machine has the functions of drilling and deslagging, the integration level of the drilling machine is high, uninterrupted synchronous drilling and deslagging are realized, the construction procedures are reduced, the construction cost is saved, and the drilling construction efficiency is improved.
Although the foregoing embodiments have been described in some detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various modifications and changes may be made thereto without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims, and thus are not repeated herein.
Claims (10)
1. The rectangular shallow hole drilling machine with the horizontal cantilever is suitable for rock strata and is characterized by comprising a drill carriage with a vertical drill rod, wherein a rock slag treatment mechanism, a horizontal drilling assembly and a vertical drilling device are sequentially arranged at the lower end of the vertical drill rod from top to bottom; wherein:
the rock slag treatment mechanism comprises a stirring device, a crushing device, a slag suction system, a slag discharge system and a grouting system; the stirring device comprises a stirring box and a stirring mechanism arranged on the stirring box, and the lower end of the vertical drill rod is connected with and drives the stirring mechanism; the slag suction port arranged on the stirring box is connected with the slag suction system, and the slag discharge port arranged on the stirring box is connected with the slag discharge system; the grouting system is communicated into the horizontal drilling assembly and the vertical drilling device;
the horizontal drilling assembly comprises a horizontal drilling device and a horizontal hydraulic cylinder for driving the horizontal drilling device to move laterally;
the vertical drilling device comprises a plurality of cylindrical drilling assemblies which are horizontally arranged and form a rectangular excavation surface.
2. The stepwise rectangular shallow hole drill with a horizontal cantilever, which is suitable for the rock stratum, according to claim 1, and is characterized in that the stirring mechanism comprises a main gear and a plurality of auxiliary gears meshed with the main gear for transmission, the lower end of the vertical drill rod drives the main gear to rotate, a stirring main rotating shaft extending into the stirring box is coaxially arranged on the main gear, and stirring blades are arranged on the stirring main rotating shaft; the auxiliary gear is coaxially provided with a stirring auxiliary rotating shaft extending into the stirring box, and the stirring auxiliary rotating shaft is provided with stirring blades.
3. The stepwise rectangular shallow hole drilling machine with a horizontal cantilever, which is suitable for a rock stratum, according to claim 1, is characterized in that the vertical drilling device comprises a U-shaped fork plate and a plurality of cylindrical drilling components mounted on the U-shaped fork plate, the U-shaped fork plate consists of a web plate, wing plates arranged on two sides of the web plate and steel supports vertically welded on the web plate, the cylindrical drilling components comprise two cylinders, a motor for driving the cylinders to rotate, a plurality of hob components arranged on the surfaces of the cylinders at intervals and a plurality of reamer components arranged between the adjacent hob components, the hob components comprise hob bases and a circle of hob fixed on the hob bases, and the reamer components comprise reamer bases and reamers obliquely fixed on the reamer bases; the motor is fixed on the steel support and drives the rotating shaft in the cylinder to rotate.
4. A stepped horizontal cantilever rectangular reamer according to claim 3, wherein said cylindrical drill assemblies are arranged in a matrix.
5. The stepped rectangular shallow hole drilling machine with a horizontal cantilever, which is suitable for rock strata, according to claim 3, wherein the horizontal drilling assembly further comprises a horizontal drilling reaction frame, the horizontal drilling reaction frame is of a box-shaped structure with lateral openings, the upper surface of the horizontal drilling reaction frame is fixedly connected with the stirring box of the sludge treatment mechanism, and the lower surface of the horizontal drilling reaction frame is fixedly connected with the U-shaped fork plate of the vertical drilling device; the cylinder barrel end face of the horizontal hydraulic cylinder is fixed on the inner side wall face of the horizontal drill reaction frame, and the piston rod of the horizontal hydraulic cylinder drives the horizontal drill device to horizontally extend and retract laterally.
6. The stepwise rectangular shallow hole drilling machine with a horizontal cantilever, which is suitable for a rock stratum, is characterized in that the slag sucking system comprises a slag sucking main pipe, a crushing device is arranged between the slag sucking main pipe and a slag sucking port of the stirring box, the crushing device comprises a fan for sucking and a crushing knife for crushing mud slag, a suction port of the slag sucking main pipe is branched into a vertical slag sucking branch pipe and a horizontal slag sucking branch pipe, a suction head of the vertical slag sucking branch pipe is connected into the vertical drilling device, a suction head of the horizontal slag sucking branch pipe is connected into the horizontal drilling component, slag sucking valves are arranged at the suction heads, and a pipe body of the horizontal slag sucking branch pipe adopts a telescopic pipe.
7. The stepwise rectangular shallow hole drill with a horizontal cantilever, which is suitable for the rock stratum, according to claim 6, wherein the slag discharging system comprises a slag discharging pipe and a slag discharging pump arranged on the slag discharging pipe, and the lower port of the slag discharging pipe is communicated with the slag discharging port on the stirring box.
8. The stepwise rectangular shallow hole drilling machine with a horizontal cantilever, which is suitable for a rock stratum, according to claim 7, is characterized in that the grouting system comprises a grouting main pipe and grouting pumps arranged on the grouting main pipe, the lower port of the grouting main pipe is branched into a vertical grouting branch pipe and a horizontal grouting branch pipe, a spray head of the vertical grouting branch pipe extends into the vertical drilling device at a position close to the cylindrical drilling assembly, a spray head of the horizontal grouting branch pipe extends into the horizontal drilling assembly at a position close to the horizontal drilling device, grouting valves are arranged at the spray heads, and a pipe body part of the horizontal grouting branch pipe positioned in the horizontal drilling assembly adopts a telescopic pipe to move back and forth along with the horizontal drilling device.
9. The stepwise rectangular shallow hole drill with a horizontal cantilever, which is suitable for the rock stratum, according to claim 7, is characterized in that a pipeline fixing frame is arranged above the stirring box, and the slag suction main pipe, the slag discharge pipe and the grouting main pipe are arranged along the pipeline fixing frame.
10. The stepwise rectangular shallow hole drill with a horizontal cantilever, which is suitable for a rock stratum, according to claim 7, is characterized in that the drill carriage comprises a vehicle-mounted platform, a steel upright, a pull rod, a hinge shaft, a guide rail, a sliding block, a steel cantilever beam and a rotating motor, wherein the steel upright is vertically arranged on the vehicle-mounted platform, the upper end of the pull rod is hinged with the upper end of the steel upright, the lower end of the pull rod is hinged with the hinge shaft fixed on the vehicle-mounted platform, the guide rail is vertically arranged and fixed along the steel upright, the sliding block is slidably assembled on the guide rail, the steel cantilever beam is fixed on the sliding block, and the rotating motor is fixed on the steel cantilever beam and drives the vertical drill rod to rotate.
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Cited By (1)
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