Engraving and milling machine capable of automatically replacing cutter
Technical Field
The application belongs to the technical field of engraving and milling machines, and particularly relates to an engraving and milling machine capable of automatically replacing a cutter.
Background
The engraving and milling machine is a numerical control machine tool, can be used for engraving and milling, is a high-efficiency and high-precision numerical control machine tool, and has the advantages that compared with a traditional engraving machine, the engraving and milling machine is high in machining precision, and the power of a main shaft and a servo motor is increased.
The prior engraving and milling machine utilizes the motor to control the cutter to rotate at a high speed during operation so as to engrave the workpiece, however, after the cutter is used for a long time, the cutter is easy to wear and damage, when the cutter is worn seriously or damaged, the cutter needs to be replaced, in the prior art, the cutter of the engraving and milling machine is replaced mostly by manually removing the cutter from the output end of the motor, and then a new cutter is installed to the output end of the motor.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the embodiment of the application aims to provide the engraving and milling machine capable of automatically replacing the cutter.
In order to solve the technical problems, the application provides the following technical scheme:
an engraving and milling machine capable of automatically replacing a cutter comprises a rotating rod, an elastic extrusion assembly, a cutter, a driving assembly, a semicircular bottom cylinder and a limiting assembly,
the rotating rod is hollow in the interior,
the semicircular bottom cylinders are provided with two groups, the two groups of semicircular bottom cylinders are relatively distributed at the bottom of the rotating rod and are hinged with the rotating rod,
the cutters are provided with a plurality of groups, one end of one group of the cutters extends out from the bottoms of the two groups of semicircular bottom cylinders, the rest of the plurality of cutters are arranged inside the rotating rod and are distributed along the length direction of the rotating rod in sequence,
the elastic extrusion component is arranged at the top of the inner side of the rotating rod and is used for providing elastic thrust for a plurality of cutters,
the limiting component is arranged on the inner wall of the semicircular bottom cylinder and is used for limiting the cutters extending out from the bottoms of the two groups of semicircular bottom cylinders,
the driving assembly is arranged on the outer wall of the rotating rod and used for driving the two groups of semicircular bottom cylinders to be far away from each other.
As a further improvement of the application: the cutter comprises an annular cutter head and a cutter bar fixedly arranged on one side of the annular cutter head,
one side of the two groups of semicircular bottom barrels, which are opposite, is provided with semicircular notches through which the cutter bars can pass.
As a further improvement of the application: the elastic extrusion assembly comprises a first elastic piece and a pressing plate,
the clamp plate activity sets up inside the bull stick, first elastic component one end with the inboard roof of bull stick links to each other, and the other end with the clamp plate links to each other, is used for to the clamp plate provides elastic support.
As a further improvement of the application: the driving component comprises a hydraulic cylinder, a piston rod, a connecting rod and a shaft lever,
the hydraulic cylinder is fixedly installed on the outer wall of the rotating rod, the piston rod is arranged at the output end of the hydraulic cylinder, the shaft rods are provided with two groups, the two groups of shaft rods are respectively arranged on one sides of the two groups of semicircular bottom barrels, which are far away from each other, and the two groups of shaft rods are hinged with the piston rod through the connecting rods.
As a still further improvement of the application: the outer wall of the rotating rod is fixedly provided with a locating pin, the connecting rod is provided with a sliding groove, and one end, away from the rotating rod, of the locating pin extends to the inside of the sliding groove and is in movable fit with the connecting rod.
As a still further improvement of the application: a plurality of limiting grooves are formed in the circumferential side wall of the annular cutter head, and limiting protrusions are fixedly arranged on the inner walls of the two groups of semicircular bottom cylinders.
As a still further improvement of the application: concave holes are formed on the inner wall of the semicircular bottom cylinder,
the limiting component comprises a wedge-shaped limiting block, a second elastic piece and a rope body,
the utility model discloses a wedge stopper, including the shrinkage pool, the wedge stopper one end extends to inside the shrinkage pool and through the second elastic component with the shrinkage pool inner wall links to each other, the second elastic component is used for right the wedge stopper provides elastic support, rope one end with the axostylus axostyle links to each other, and the other end extends to inside the shrinkage pool and link to each other with the wedge stopper.
Compared with the prior art, the application has the beneficial effects that:
in the embodiment of the application, when the workpiece is engraved, the external driving motor drives the rotating rod to rotate so as to drive the two groups of semicircular bottom cylinders to rotate, and the limiting component is used for limiting the cutters extending out of the bottoms of the two groups of semicircular bottom cylinders, so that the cutters can be driven to synchronously rotate when the two groups of semicircular bottom cylinders rotate, and the workpiece is engraved; when cutter wearing and tearing are comparatively serious or appear damaging, accessible drive assembly drives two sets of semicircular end section of thick bamboo and keeps away from each other, and the cutter that stretches out from two sets of semicircular end section of thick bamboo bottoms this moment automatically rolls out, and a plurality of cutters that are located the bull stick inside wholly move downwards under the promotion of elastic extrusion subassembly for a set of cutter that is located the bull stick inside stretches out from two sets of semicircular end section of thick bamboo bottoms once more, thereby realizes the automatic change of cutter, compares in prior art, need not artifical manual change cutter, can carry out automatic change to wearing and tearing or damaged cutter, has saved cutter change time, has improved the change efficiency of cutter.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a cnc engraving and milling machine with automatically replaceable cutting tools;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of a cutter in a rotary rod in an engraving and milling machine with an automatically replaceable cutter;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged schematic view of area A of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged schematic view of area B of FIG. 2;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a semi-circular bottom cylinder in an engraving and milling machine with automatically replaceable cutters;
in the figure: 10-rotating rod, 101-locating pin, 20-elastic extrusion component, 201-first elastic piece, 202-pressing plate, 30-cutter, 301-annular cutter head, 302-limit groove, 303-cutter bar, 40-driving component, 401-hydraulic cylinder, 402-piston rod, 403-connecting rod, 404-shaft rod, 405-sliding groove, 50-semicircular bottom cylinder, 501-concave hole, 502-limit bulge, 503-semicircular notch, 60-limit component, 601-wedge-shaped limit pin, 602-second elastic piece and 603-rope body.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the application is further described in detail below with reference to the specific embodiments.
Embodiments of the present application are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to like or similar elements or elements having like or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below by referring to the drawings are illustrative only and are not to be construed as limiting the application.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the present embodiment provides an engraving and milling machine capable of automatically replacing a cutter, which comprises a rotating rod 10, an elastic extrusion assembly 20, cutters 30, a driving assembly 40, a semicircular bottom cylinder 50 and a limiting assembly 60, wherein the inside of the rotating rod 10 is hollow, the semicircular bottom cylinder 50 is provided with two groups, the two groups of semicircular bottom cylinders 50 are relatively distributed at the bottom of the rotating rod 10 and are hinged with the rotating rod 10, the cutters 30 are provided with a plurality of groups, one end of one group of cutters 30 extends out from the bottoms of the two groups of semicircular bottom cylinders 50, the other plurality of cutters 30 are all arranged inside the rotating rod 10 and are sequentially distributed along the length direction of the rotating rod 10, the elastic extrusion assembly 20 is arranged at the top inside of the rotating rod 10 and is used for providing elastic thrust for the plurality of cutters 30, the limiting assembly 60 is arranged on the inner wall of the semicircular bottom cylinder 50 and is used for limiting the cutters 30 extending out from the bottoms of the two groups of the semicircular bottom cylinder 50, and the driving assembly 40 is arranged on the outer wall of the rotating rod 10 and is used for driving the two groups of the semicircular bottom cylinders 50 to be far away from each other.
When a workpiece is engraved, an external driving motor (not shown) drives the rotary rod 10 to rotate so as to drive the two groups of semicircular bottom cylinders 50 to rotate, and at the moment, the limiting assembly 60 is used for limiting the cutters 30 extending out of the bottoms of the two groups of semicircular bottom cylinders 50, so that the cutters 30 can be driven to synchronously rotate when the two groups of semicircular bottom cylinders 50 rotate so as to engrave the workpiece; when the cutter 30 is worn seriously or damaged, the driving assembly 40 drives the two groups of semicircular bottom barrels 50 to be away from each other, at this time, the cutters 30 extending from the bottoms of the two groups of semicircular bottom barrels 50 automatically slide out, and the plurality of cutters 30 positioned in the rotating rod 10 integrally move downwards under the pushing of the elastic extrusion assembly 20, so that the lowermost cutter 30 positioned in the rotating rod 10 extends from the bottoms of the two groups of semicircular bottom barrels 50 again, and automatic replacement of the cutters 30 is realized.
Referring to fig. 1 and 5, in one embodiment, the cutter 30 includes an annular cutter head 301 and a cutter bar 303 fixedly disposed on one side of the annular cutter head 301, and two sets of semicircular notches 503 are disposed on opposite sides of the semicircular bottom barrel 50 for allowing the cutter bar 303 to pass through.
When the work piece is engraved, the annular cutter 301 is retained inside the two sets of semicircular bottom barrels 50 and abuts against the bottom walls inside the two sets of semicircular bottom barrels 50, and the cutter bar 303 passes through the two sets of semicircular notches 503 and extends out from the bottoms of the two sets of semicircular bottom barrels 50.
Referring to fig. 1, in one embodiment, the elastic pressing assembly 20 includes a first elastic member 201 and a pressing plate 202, the pressing plate 202 is movably disposed inside the rotating rod 10, one end of the first elastic member 201 is connected to an inner top wall of the rotating rod 10, and the other end of the first elastic member is connected to the pressing plate 202, so as to provide elastic support for the pressing plate 202, further compress the uppermost set of cutters 30, and when the uppermost set of cutters 30 is compressed, the compressing force can be transferred to the lowermost cutter 30 through the middle plurality of cutters 30, so that the annular cutter 301 of the lowermost cutter 30 abuts against the inner bottom walls of the two sets of semicircular bottom barrels 50.
Referring to fig. 1, in one embodiment, the driving assembly 40 includes a hydraulic cylinder 401, a piston rod 402, a connecting rod 403, and a shaft rod 404, where the hydraulic cylinder 401 is fixedly mounted on an outer wall of the rotating rod 10, the piston rod 402 is disposed at an output end of the hydraulic cylinder 401, the shaft rod 404 is provided with two groups, the two groups of shaft rods 404 are respectively disposed at two sides of the two groups of semicircular bottom barrels 50 away from each other, and the two groups of shaft rods 404 are hinged to the piston rod 402 through the connecting rod 403.
When the cutter 30 is worn or damaged and needs to be replaced, the hydraulic rod 401 can drive the piston rod 402 to stretch, when the piston rod 402 stretches, the two groups of semicircular bottom cylinders 50 can be pushed to rotate relative to the bottom of the rotary rod 10 through the two groups of connecting rods 403, and further away from each other, after the two groups of semicircular bottom cylinders 50 are far away to a certain extent, the annular cutter head 301 originally abutted against the inner bottom wall of the two groups of semicircular bottom cylinders 50 automatically drops, a plurality of subsequent cutters 30 slide downwards along the inside of the rotary rod 10 under the pushing of the pressing plate 202, after the cutter bar 303 of the lowermost cutter 30 stretches out from the bottoms of the two groups of semicircular bottom cylinders 50, the hydraulic cylinder 401 drives the piston rod 402 to retract, and then the two groups of shaft rods 404 are driven to be close to each other through the connecting rods 403, and when the two groups of shaft rods 404 are close to each other, the two groups of semicircular bottom cylinders 50 can be pushed to be close to each other and the annular cutter head 301 of the lowermost cutter 30 is continuously supported, so that the automatic replacing process of the cutter 30 is completed.
Referring to fig. 3, in one embodiment, a positioning pin 101 is fixedly disposed on an outer wall of the rotating rod 10, a sliding groove 405 is formed on the connecting rod 403, and one end of the positioning pin 101 away from the rotating rod 10 extends into the sliding groove 405 and is movably matched with the connecting rod 403.
When the piston rod 402 stretches, one end of the connecting rod 403 rotates relative to the piston rod 402, meanwhile, the connecting rod 403 rotates relative to the locating pin 101, the locating pin 101 adaptively slides along the inside of the sliding groove 405, at the moment, the connecting rod 403 rotates relative to the locating pin 101, when the connecting rod 403 rotates, the shaft lever 404 can be driven to synchronously rotate, the shaft lever 404 is utilized to pull the semicircular bottom cylinder 50 to rotate relative to the bottom of the rotating rod 10, and the two groups of semicircular bottom cylinders 50 are far away from each other; similarly, when the piston rod 402 is retracted, one end of the connecting rod 403 reversely rotates relative to the piston rod 402, meanwhile, the connecting rod 403 reversely rotates relative to the positioning pin 101, the positioning pin 101 adaptively reversely slides along the inside of the sliding groove 405, at this time, the connecting rod 403 reversely rotates relative to the positioning pin 101, the shaft lever 404 can be driven to synchronously reversely rotate when the connecting rod 403 reversely rotates, the shaft lever 404 is utilized to push the semicircular bottom cylinder 50 to reversely rotate relative to the bottom of the rotating rod 10, and the two groups of semicircular bottom cylinders 50 are close to each other and are closed at the bottom of the rotating rod 10 to form a cylindrical structure.
Referring to fig. 1 and fig. 4, in one embodiment, a plurality of limiting grooves 302 are formed on the circumferential side wall of the annular cutter 301, and limiting protrusions 502 are fixedly disposed on the inner walls of the two sets of semicircular bottom barrels 50.
When the two groups of semicircular bottom cylinders 50 are in a cylindrical structure at the bottom of the rotary rod 10, the limiting protrusions 502 are inserted into the limiting grooves 302, and then the annular cutter head 301 is rotationally positioned, so that when the rotary rod 10 rotates to drive the two groups of semicircular bottom cylinders 50 to rotate, the annular cutter head 301 can be driven to synchronously rotate through the cooperation of the limiting protrusions 502 and the limiting grooves 302, the cutter bar 303 is driven to synchronously rotate, and the rotating cutter bar 303 is utilized to engrave a workpiece.
Referring to fig. 4, in one embodiment, the inner wall of the semicircular bottom barrel 50 is provided with a concave hole 501, the limiting component 60 includes a wedge-shaped limiting block 601, a second elastic member 602 and a rope body 603, one end of the wedge-shaped limiting block 601 extends into the concave hole 501 and is connected with the inner wall of the concave hole 501 through the second elastic member 602, the second elastic member 602 is used for providing elastic support for the wedge-shaped limiting block 601, one end of the rope body 603 is connected with the shaft lever 404, and the other end extends into the concave hole 501 and is connected with the wedge-shaped limiting block 601.
When the lowest annular cutter head 301 is abutted against the bottom walls of the inner sides of the two groups of semicircular bottom cylinders 50, one end of the wedge-shaped limiting block 601 is driven to extend to one side of the annular cutter head 301 by the supporting action of the second elastic piece 602, so that the annular cutter head 301 is vertically positioned, and the annular cutter head 301 is prevented from axially displacing along the rotating rod 10 when the cutter bar 303 acts on a workpiece; when the piston rod 402 stretches to drive the two groups of shaft rods 404 to be far away from each other, the shaft rods 404 can pull the rope 603, and then the wedge-shaped limiting block 601 is pulled to move into the concave hole 501, so that the wedge-shaped limiting block 601 is removed from one side of the annular cutter head 301 in advance, and then the two groups of semicircular bottom cylinders 50 can be pulled to reversely rotate and be far away from each other through the pulling action of the rope 603 on the wedge-shaped limiting block 601, and the wedge-shaped limiting block 601 is removed from one side of the annular cutter head 301 at the moment, so that the two groups of semicircular bottom cylinders 50 can smoothly rotate and be far away from each other, and the wedge-shaped limiting block 601 cannot interfere with the movement of the annular cutter head 301.
In one embodiment, the first elastic member 201 and the second elastic member 602 may be springs or metal elastic sheets, which is not limited herein.
In the embodiment of the application, when a workpiece is engraved, an external driving motor (not shown in the figure) drives the rotary rod 10 to rotate so as to drive the two groups of semicircular bottom cylinders 50 to rotate, and at the moment, the limiting assembly 60 is used for limiting the cutters 30 extending from the bottoms of the two groups of semicircular bottom cylinders 50, so that the cutters 30 can be driven to synchronously rotate when the two groups of semicircular bottom cylinders 50 rotate, and the workpiece is engraved; when the cutter 30 is worn seriously or damaged, the driving assembly 40 drives the two groups of semicircular bottom barrels 50 to be far away from each other, at the moment, the cutters 30 extending from the bottoms of the two groups of semicircular bottom barrels 50 automatically slide out, and the plurality of cutters 30 positioned in the rotating rod 10 integrally move downwards under the pushing of the elastic extrusion assembly 20, so that the lowermost group of cutters 30 positioned in the rotating rod 10 extends out of the bottoms of the two groups of semicircular bottom barrels 50 again, and the automatic replacement of the cutters 30 is realized.
While the preferred embodiments of the present application have been described in detail, the present application is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present application within the knowledge of those skilled in the art.