CN116967422A - Near-net-shape die casting process for automobile parts - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of automobile part processing, in particular to a near-net-shape die casting process of an automobile part. According to the invention, the forming die is rapidly locked and positioned through the positioning mechanism arranged in the mounting groove, so that the stability of the forming die in the process of forming the automobile parts is ensured, and the replacement efficiency of the forming die with different specifications is improved, thereby effectively improving the near-net forming efficiency of the automobile parts; the upper parts of the forming dies are driven to move up and down by the two die opening mechanisms, so that the forming dies have certain locking force during die casting forming of the parts, the burrs on the surfaces of the formed parts are less, and the forming quality of the automobile parts is remarkably improved.

Description

A near-net-shape die-casting process for automotive parts

Technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of automobile parts processing, specifically a near-net shape die-casting process for automobile parts.

Background technique

The near-net-shape die-casting process refers to making full use of the high-pressure and high-speed power of the die-casting machine during the die-casting process to quickly inject molten metal into the mold to form parts that are close to the shape of the final product. Compared with traditional die-casting processes, near-net-shape die-casting processes can reduce or avoid subsequent processing steps, thereby saving production costs and time.

Currently, when performing near-net-shape die-casting of auto parts, different molds need to be used for different specifications of auto parts. When disassembling and assembling the molds, a large number of bolts are needed for positioning, which not only increases manual labor Strength also reduces the replacement efficiency of the molding mold, resulting in a reduction in the molding efficiency of automobile parts. In addition, when molding automobile parts inside the molding mold, if the molding mold is not clamped, there will be presence on the surface of the molded parts of the automobile parts. A large number of burrs lead to a decrease in the molding quality of automotive parts.

To this end, we propose a near-net-shape die-casting process for automotive parts.

Contents of the invention

In view of the shortcomings of the existing technology, the present invention provides a near net shape die-casting process for automobile parts, which is used to quickly replace different molding molds used for molding different automobile parts, and to perform molding on the automobile parts. Automatic mold clamping is performed during molding to improve the surface quality of molded automotive parts.

In order to achieve the above objectives, the present invention is realized through the following technical solutions: a near net shape die-casting process for automobile parts, which specifically includes the following steps:

Step S1: Select a suitable metal material, usually aluminum alloy or magnesium alloy, smelt it to obtain molten metal, and send the molten metal to the molding equipment for die-casting;

Step S2: Select the corresponding molding mold according to the automotive parts, place the lower template of the molding mold inside the installation slot, and use the driving ends of the two first servo electric cylinders to drive the two positioning frames to the lower template at the bottom of the molding mold. The two sides are close until the two sides of the lower formwork are in contact with one side of the inner wall of the two positioning frames respectively, and then the second electric slide is used to drive the two positioning splints to position and clamp the front and rear sides of the lower formwork, and finally the first The driving end of the micro electric cylinder extends downward, allowing the bottom end of the driving end of the first micro electric cylinder to contact the top of the lower template in the forming mold, and the lower template is limited up and down through the driving end of the first micro electric cylinder, completing the process. The assembly connection of the lower template inside the installation groove;

Step S3: Place both sides of the upper template of the molding mold into the placement slots inside the two mold opening frames, and use the driving ends of the two second servo electric cylinders to drive the two limiting splints to both sides of the upper template. Clamp, and at the same time use the driving end of the second micro electric cylinder on the top of the mold opening frame to resist the upper end surface of the upper template to complete the assembly connection of the upper template inside the placement slot;

Step S4: The third electric sliding table drives the mold opening frame to move downward, and then the mold opening frame drives the upper template to move downward. The upper template drives the module and the front module to automatically close the mold, and the heating equipment is used to form the mold. The entire mold is heated, and then molten metal is injected into the preheated mold. The entire mold cavity is filled with molten metal through the high-pressure and high-speed force of the die-casting machine;

Step S5: After filling the molten metal into the mold cavity, the cooling fluid passes through the left circulation pipe to the cooling channel inside the front module, and the cooling fluid enters the left flow guide through the left guide pipe. cavity, and then flows through the cooling flow channel inside the moving module. Finally, the cooling fluid is circulated and sent out through the guide tube and circulation pipe on the right side, and the cooling fluid is used to flow through the cooling flow channels inside the front module and the moving module. , cooling and solidifying the molded parts inside the mold cavity;

Step S6: Finally, the third electric slide is used to drive the mold opening frame to move upward, and then the mold opening frame drives the upper template to move upward. The upper template drives the module and the front module to automatically open the mold, and the molded automobile parts are taken out. , completing near-net-shape die-casting processing of automotive parts.

Preferably, the molding equipment includes a molding frame and a molding mold arranged on the top of the molding frame. A mounting slot is provided on the top of the molding frame, and the molding mold is movable inside the mounting slot. The mounting slot is A positioning mechanism is provided inside, a first electric slide is provided on both the front and rear sides of the top of the molding frame, and a mold opening mechanism is slidably provided on both sides of the top of the two first electric slides.

Preferably, the forming mold includes an upper template, a movable module, a front module and a lower template. The movable module is fixed at the bottom of the upper template, and a gate is also provided on the top of the upper template. The top of the lower template is fixed. A front module is provided, a molding cavity is provided inside the movable module and the front module, and the inside of the gate is connected to the inside of the molding cavity located inside the movable module. Positioning posts are provided around the top of the front module. , and there are positioning holes matching the positioning posts around the bottom of the moving module.

Preferably, circulation pipes are fixedly provided on both sides of the front face of the front module, and guide pipes are provided on the front and rear sides of the top of the front module, and guide pipes matching the guide pipes are provided on the front and rear sides of the bottom of the moving module. Flow chamber, the moving module and the front module are both provided with cooling flow channels.

Preferably, the cooling flow channel inside the moving module is connected to the inside of the two guide chambers, and the cooling flow channel inside the front module is connected to the guide pipe and the circulation pipe on the left side. The inside of the guide tube on the right is connected with the inside of the circulation tube on the right.

Preferably, the positioning mechanism includes two positioning frames. Positioning frames are slidingly provided on both sides of the interior of the installation groove, and first servo electric cylinders are provided on both sides of the interior of the installation groove, located on both sides of the interior of the installation groove. The driving ends of the two first servo electric cylinders are fixedly connected to one side of the two positioning frames respectively.

Preferably, a first micro electric cylinder is disposed on the top of both positioning frames, and the driving end of the first micro electric cylinder penetrates the positioning frame and extends to the inside of the positioning frame.

Preferably, the mold opening mechanism includes a movable frame, and movable frames are slidingly provided on both sides of the top of the two first electric slides, and a third electric slide is provided on one side of the movable frame, located on the left side. A mold opening frame is provided between the two movable frames and between the two movable frames on the right side, and both sides of the mold opening frame are fixedly connected to one side of the two third electric slides respectively.

Preferably, a placement groove is provided inside the mold opening frame, and second servo electric cylinders are provided on both sides of the interior of the placement groove, and the driving ends of the two second servo electric cylinders are provided with limiting splints, and Both limit clamps are located in the inner sliding arrangement of the placement slot.

Preferably, a second micro electric cylinder is also provided on the top of the mold opening frame, and the driving end of the second micro electric cylinder extends to the inside of the placement groove.

Compared with existing technology, it has the following beneficial effects:

1. By placing the molding mold inside the installation groove, according to the specifications of the molding mold, the positioning mechanism provided inside the installation groove is used to quickly lock and position the molding mold to ensure the stability of the molding mold when molding automobile parts. , and improves the efficiency of replacing molding molds of different specifications, thereby effectively improving the near-net forming efficiency of automotive parts; and then using the mold opening mechanisms provided on both sides of the top of the two first electric slide tables to mold the upper part of the molding mold Positioning connection is made, and the two mold opening mechanisms are used to drive the upper part of the molding mold to move up and down, so as to achieve a certain locking force on the molding mold during die-casting of parts, thus improving the closing effect of the upper and lower parts of the molding mold, allowing After the molten metal is die-cast inside the mold, the surface of the molded part has fewer burrs, which significantly improves the molding quality of automobile parts. In addition, the upper part and the lower part of the mold are automatically separated by the mold opening mechanism, so that the mold can be quickly Take out the molded parts of automobile parts inside the molding mold to improve the molding efficiency of automobile parts.

2. After filling the molten metal into the mold cavity, the cooling fluid passes through the circulation tube on the left to the cooling channel inside the forward module. The cooling fluid enters the diversion cavity on the left through the diversion tube on the left. , and then flows through the cooling flow channel inside the moving module, and finally circulates the cooling fluid out through the guide tube and circulation pipe on the right side, and uses the cooling fluid to flow through the cooling flow channels inside the front module and the moving module, The molded parts inside the mold cavity are rapidly cooled and solidified to solidify them into parts close to the final product shape. The circulation tube, cooling channel, guide tube and guide cavity are used to work together to make the molded parts inside the mold cavity The cooling and solidification efficiency of parts is greatly improved, thereby improving the near-net forming efficiency of automotive parts and the quality of molded parts.

Description of the drawings

Figure 1 is a flow chart of a near net shape die-casting process for automobile parts according to an embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the molding frame and molding mold according to the embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the mold structure of the embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the positioning frame and the forming frame according to the embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the positioning splint and positioning frame according to the embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the movable frame and the mold opening frame according to the embodiment of the present invention.

In the figure, 1. Forming frame; 2. Forming mold; 3. Installation slot; 4. First electric slide; 11. Upper template; 12. Moving module; 13. Front module; 14. Lower template; 15. Guide Flow tube; 16. Positioning column; 17. Positioning hole; 18. Circulation pipe; 21. Positioning frame; 22. First servo electric cylinder; 23. Second electric slide; 24. Positioning splint; 25. First micro electric Cylinder; 31. Movable frame; 32. Third electric slide; 33. Mold opening frame; 34. Placement slot; 35. Second servo electric cylinder; 36. Limiting splint; 37. Second micro electric cylinder.

Detailed ways

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Example 1

Please refer to Figures 1 to 6, a near net shape die-casting process for automobile parts, which specifically includes the following steps:

Step S1: Select a suitable metal material, usually aluminum alloy or magnesium alloy, smelt it to obtain molten metal, and send the molten metal to the molding equipment for die-casting;

Step S2: Select the corresponding molding mold 2 according to the automobile parts, place the lower template 14 of the molding mold 2 inside the installation slot 3, and use the driving ends of the two first servo electric cylinders 22 to drive the two positioning frames 21 to move respectively. The two sides of the lower template 14 at the bottom of the forming mold 2 are close until the two sides of the lower template 14 are in contact with one side of the inner wall of the two positioning frames 21, and then the second electric slide 23 drives the two positioning splints 24 to align the lower template. The front and rear sides of the first micro electric cylinder 25 are positioned and clamped, and finally the driving end of the first micro electric cylinder 25 is extended downward, so that the bottom end of the driving end of the first micro electric cylinder 25 is in contact with the top of the lower template 14 in the forming mold 2. The driving end of the first micro electric cylinder 25 limits the lower template 14 up and down, completing the assembly connection of the lower template 14 inside the installation slot 3;

Step S3: Place both sides of the upper template 11 of the forming mold 2 in the placement slots 34 inside the two mold opening frames 33, and use the driving ends of the two second servo electric cylinders 35 to drive the two pairs of limiting clamping plates 36 respectively. The two sides of the upper template 11 are clamped, and at the same time, the driving end of the second micro electric cylinder 37 on the top of the mold opening frame 33 is used to resist the upper end surface of the upper template 11 to complete the assembly connection of the upper template 11 inside the placement slot 34 ;

Step S4: The third electric slide 32 drives the mold opening frame 33 to move downward, and then the mold opening frame 33 drives the upper template 11 to move downward. The upper template 11 drives the module 12 and the front module 13 to automatically close. The entire molding mold 2 is heated by the heating equipment, and then the molten metal is injected into the preheated molding mold 2, and the entire molding mold cavity is filled with the molten metal through the high-pressure and high-speed force of the die-casting machine;

Step S5: After filling the molten metal into the mold cavity, the cooling fluid passes through the left circulation pipe 18 to the cooling channel inside the front module 13, and the cooling fluid enters the left side through the left guide pipe 19. in the flow guide cavity, and then flows through the cooling flow channel inside the moving module 12, and finally the cooling fluid is circulated and sent out through the flow guide pipe 19 and the circulation pipe 18 on the right side, and the cooling fluid is used in the front module 13 and the moving module 12 The internal cooling channels flow inside to cool and solidify the molded parts inside the mold cavity;

Step S6: Finally, the third electric slide 32 is used to drive the mold opening frame 33 to move upward, and then the mold opening frame 33 drives the upper template 11 to move upward. The upper template 11 drives the module 12 and the front module 13 to automatically open the mold. , take out the formed auto parts and complete the near net shape die-casting processing of auto parts.

Example 2

This embodiment serves as a public description of the molding equipment in the above-mentioned Embodiment 1. The molding equipment includes a molding frame 1 and a molding mold 2 arranged on the top of the molding frame 1. The top of the molding frame 1 is provided with a mounting slot 3, and the molding mold 2 is movable inside the installation slot 3. A positioning mechanism is provided inside the installation slot 3. A first electric slide 4 is provided on both the front and rear sides of the top of the molding frame 1, and the two tops of the two first electric slides 4 A mold opening mechanism is slidably provided on both sides; by placing the molding mold 2 inside the installation slot 3, according to the different specifications of the molding mold 2, the positioning mechanism provided inside the installation slot 3 is used to quickly lock and position the molding mold 2 to ensure The stability of the molding mold 2 when molding automobile parts is improved, and the replacement efficiency of molding molds 2 of different specifications is improved, thereby effectively improving the near-net forming efficiency of automobile parts; and the two first electric slide tables are used 4. The mold opening mechanisms provided on both sides of the top position and connect the upper part of the molding mold 2. The two mold opening mechanisms are used to drive the upper part of the molding mold 2 to move up and down, thereby achieving the advantages of mold 2 during die-casting of parts. A certain locking force thereby improves the closing effect of the upper and lower parts of the mold 2, allowing the molten metal to be die-cast inside the mold 2. After the molten metal is die-cast inside the mold 2, the surface of the molded part will have fewer burrs, which significantly improves the molding quality of the automotive parts; in addition, through The mold opening mechanism drives the upper part and the lower part of the forming mold 2 to automatically separate, so that the molded parts of the automobile parts inside the molding mold 2 can be quickly taken out, thereby improving the molding efficiency of the automobile parts.

Further, the forming mold 2 includes an upper template 11, a movable module 12, a front module 13 and a lower template 14. The movable module 12 is fixed at the bottom of the upper template 11, and a gate is also provided on the top of the upper template 11. The lower template 14 A front module 13 is fixedly installed on the top of the movable module 12 and the front module 13. Both the moving module 12 and the front module 13 are provided with molding cavities, and the inside of the gate is connected to the inside of the molding cavity located inside the movable module 12. The top of the front module 13 is surrounded by Positioning posts 16 are provided, and positioning holes 17 matching the positioning posts 16 are provided all around the bottom of the moving module 12. Circulation pipes 18 are fixedly provided on both sides of the front of the front module 13, and the front and rear sides of the top of the front module 13 are fixed. Both are provided with guide tubes 19. The front and rear sides of the bottom of the moving module 12 are provided with guide chambers matching the guide tubes 19. Both the moving module 12 and the front module 13 are provided with cooling flow channels located inside the moving module 12. The inside of the cooling channel is connected to the inside of the two guide chambers. The inside of the cooling channel inside the front module 13 is connected to the inside of the guide pipe 19 and the circulation pipe 18 on the left side. The inside of the guide pipe 19 on the right side is connected. It is internally connected to the circulation pipe 18 located on the right side.

It should be noted that when performing near-net shaping of automobile parts inside the molding mold 2, the entire molding mold 2 is heated by a heating device, and then molten metal is injected into the preheated molding mold 2 and passed through the die casting machine. The high-pressure and high-speed force quickly fills the molten metal into the entire mold cavity through the gate. When the moving module 12 and the front module 13 are closed, they are connected through four positioning posts 16 and four positioning holes 17 , to ensure the accuracy of the connection position between the moving module 12 and the front module 13. At the same time, the two guide tubes 19 on the front module 13 are connected to the interior of the two guide chambers on the moving module 12, and the molten metal is filled into the After molding the inside of the mold cavity, the cooling fluid passes through the left circulation pipe 18 into the cooling channel inside the front module 13. The cooling fluid enters the left flow guide cavity through the left guide pipe 19, and then flows through Inside the cooling flow channel inside the moving module 12, the cooling fluid is finally circulated and sent out through the guide pipe 19 and the circulation pipe 18 on the right side, and the cooling fluid is used to flow through the cooling flow channels inside the front module 13 and the moving module 12, The molded parts inside the mold cavity are rapidly cooled and solidified to solidify them into parts close to the shape of the final product. The circulation pipe 18, the cooling runner, the guide pipe 19 and the guide cavity are used to work together to make the mold 2 The cooling and solidification efficiency of the internal molded parts is greatly improved, thereby improving the near-net forming efficiency of automotive parts and the quality of the molded parts.

Further, the positioning mechanism includes two positioning frames 21. The positioning frames 21 are slidingly provided on both sides of the interior of the installation groove 3, and a first servo electric cylinder 22 is provided on both sides of the interior of the installation groove 3, located inside the installation groove 3. The driving ends of the two first servo electric cylinders 22 on both sides are fixedly connected to one side of the two positioning frames 21 respectively. The driving ends of the two first servo electric cylinders 22 are used to drive the two positioning frames 21 in the installation slot 3 respectively. The two sides of the interior move to position and clamp the two sides of the bottom of the forming mold 2 to ensure the stability of the forming mold 2 placed inside the installation slot 3; a second electric motor is provided on one side of the inner wall of the two positioning frames 21 The sliding table 23 is provided with two positioning clamping plates 24 sliding between the opposite sides of the two second electric sliding tables 23. The two positioning brackets 21 are used to position and clamp the left and right sides of the bottom of the forming mold 2, and then The second electric slide 23 drives two positioning clamping plates 24 to position and clamp the front and rear sides of the bottom of the forming mold 2, further improving the stability of the forming mold 2 when forming and processing automobile parts, thereby effectively improving the performance of automobile parts. The molding quality of the two positioning frames 21 is provided with a first micro electric cylinder 25 on the top, and the driving end of the first micro electric cylinder 25 penetrates the positioning frame 21 and extends to the inside of the positioning frame 21. After passing through the positioning frame 21, the first micro electric cylinder 25 is After the bottom of the forming mold 2 is positioned and clamped, the driving end of the first micro electric cylinder 25 is extended downward, so that the bottom end of the driving end of the first micro electric cylinder 25 is in contact with the top of the lower template 14 in the forming mold 2. The lower template 14 is limited up and down by the driving end of the first micro electric cylinder 25, which further improves the stability of the mold 2 placed inside the installation groove 3, thereby improving the near-net forming efficiency of automobile parts and the molded parts. the quality of.

It should be noted that when placing the molding mold 2 on the molding frame 1, the entire molding mold 2 is placed inside the installation slot 3, and the driving ends of the two first servo electric cylinders 22 are used to drive two positioning machines respectively. The frame 21 approaches both sides of the lower template 14 at the bottom of the forming mold 2 until both sides of the lower template 14 are in contact with one side of the inner wall of the two positioning frames 21, and then the second electric slide 23 drives the two positioning splints 24 Position and clamp the front and rear sides of the lower template 14, and finally extend downward through the driving end of the first micro electric cylinder 25, so that the bottom end of the driving end of the first micro electric cylinder 25 is connected to the top of the lower template 14 in the forming mold 2 Contact, the lower template 14 is limited up and down through the driving end of the first micro electric cylinder 25, which further improves the stability of the placement of the mold 2 inside the installation slot 3, thereby improving the near-net forming efficiency of automobile parts and Quality of molded parts.

Further, the mold opening mechanism includes a movable frame 31. The movable frames 31 are slidingly provided on both sides of the top of the two first electric slides 4, and a third electric slide 32 is provided on one side of the movable frame 31, located on the left side. A mold opening frame 33 is provided between the two movable frames 31 and between the two movable frames 31 on the right side, and both sides of the mold opening frame 33 are respectively fixed to one side of the two third electric slides 32 Connection, the mold opening frame 33 is provided with a placement slot 34 inside, and second servo electric cylinders 35 are provided on both sides of the placement groove 34, and the driving ends of the two second servo electric cylinders 35 are provided with limiting clamping plates 36. And the two limiting clamping plates 36 are slidingly arranged inside the placement groove 34. A second micro electric cylinder 37 is also provided on the top of the mold opening frame 33, and the driving end of the second micro electric cylinder 37 extends to the inside of the placement groove 34. .

It should be noted that when connecting the split mold frame 33 and the upper mold plate 11, both sides of the upper mold plate 11 of the forming mold 2 are respectively placed in the placement grooves 34 inside the two mold frames 33, and the two mold frames 33 are used. The driving ends of the second servo electric cylinders 35 respectively drive two limiting clamping plates 36 to clamp both sides of the upper template 11 , and at the same time, the driving ends of the second micro electric cylinders 37 on the top of the mold opening frame 33 are used to clamp the upper template 11 The upper end surface is resisted to ensure the connection stability of the upper template 11 inside the mold opening frame 33. The third electric slide 32 drives the mold opening frame 33 to move up and down, and then the mold opening frame 33 drives the upper template 11 to move up and down. When the upper mold plate 11 moves, the upper mold plate 11 takes the driving module 12 and the front mold module 13 to automatically close and open the mold, thereby improving the molding efficiency of automobile parts.

At the same time, contents not described in detail in this specification belong to the prior art known to those skilled in the art.

It should be noted that in this article, relational terms such as first and second are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply that these entities or operations are mutually exclusive. any such actual relationship or sequence exists between them. Furthermore, the terms "comprises," "comprises," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that includes a list of elements includes not only those elements, but also those not expressly listed other elements, or elements inherent to the process, method, article or equipment.

Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, those of ordinary skill in the art will understand that various changes, modifications, and substitutions can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention. and modifications, the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims (10)

1. A near-net-shape die casting process for automobile parts is characterized in that: the method specifically comprises the following steps:

step S1: selecting a proper metal material, smelting the metal material to obtain molten metal, and conveying the molten metal to forming equipment for die casting;

step S2: selecting a corresponding forming die (2) according to the automobile parts, placing a lower die plate (14) of the forming die (2) into an installation groove (3), driving two positioning frames (21) to approach to two sides of the lower die plate (14) at the bottom of the forming die (2) by using driving ends of two first servo electric cylinders (22) respectively until two sides of the lower die plate (14) are respectively contacted with one side of the inner walls of the two positioning frames (21), driving two positioning clamping plates (24) to position and clamp the front side and the rear side of the lower die plate (14) by using a second electric sliding table (23), and finally extending downwards by using driving ends of the first micro electric cylinders (25), so that the bottom ends of the first micro electric cylinders (25) are contacted with the top of the lower die plate (14) in the forming die (2), and performing upper and lower limiting on the lower die plate (14) by using the driving ends of the first micro electric cylinders (25), so as to complete assembly connection of the lower die plate (14) in the installation groove (3);

step S3: two sides of an upper template (11) of a forming die (2) are respectively arranged in a placing groove (34) in two die opening frames (33), two limiting clamping plates (36) are respectively driven by driving ends of two second servo electric cylinders (35) to clamp two sides of the upper template (11), and meanwhile, the driving ends of second micro electric cylinders (37) at the top of the die opening frames (33) are used for propping against the upper end face of the upper template (11) to finish assembly connection of the upper template (11) in the placing groove (34);

step S4: the die opening frame (33) is driven to move downwards through the third electric sliding table (32), the die opening frame (33) is further driven to move downwards, the upper die plate (11) is driven to automatically close the die between the movable die block (12) and the front die block (13), the whole forming die (2) is heated through heating equipment, then molten metal is injected into the preheated forming die (2), and the whole forming die cavity is filled with the molten metal through high pressure and high-speed force of a die casting machine;

step S5: after filling molten metal into the molding cavity, cooling fluid passes through the left circulation pipe (18) and the cooling flow channel inside the front module (13), enters the left flow guide cavity through the left flow guide pipe (19), flows through the cooling flow channel inside the movable module (12), and finally circulates and sends the cooling fluid out through the right flow guide pipe (19) and the circulation pipe (18), and the cooling fluid flows through the cooling flow channel inside the front module (13) and the movable module (12) to cool and solidify molded parts inside the molding cavity;

step S6: finally, the third electric sliding table (32) is utilized to drive the die opening frame (33) to move upwards, and then the die opening frame (33) is utilized to drive the upper die plate (11) to move upwards, the upper die plate (11) carries the movable die (12) and the front die (13) to automatically open the die, the formed automobile parts are taken out, and the near-net-shape die casting processing of the automobile parts is completed.

2. The near net shape die casting process for automotive parts as defined in claim 1, wherein: the forming equipment comprises a forming rack (1) and forming dies (2) arranged at the top of the forming rack (1), wherein the top of the forming rack (1) is provided with a mounting groove (3), the forming dies (2) are movably arranged in the mounting groove (3), positioning mechanisms are arranged in the mounting groove (3), first electric sliding tables (4) are arranged on the front side and the rear side of the top of the forming rack (1), and die opening mechanisms are arranged on two sides of the top of the two first electric sliding tables (4) in a sliding mode.

3. The near net shape die casting process for automotive parts as defined in claim 2, wherein: the forming die (2) comprises an upper die plate (11), a movable die block (12), a front die block (13) and a lower die plate (14), wherein the movable die block (12) is fixedly arranged at the bottom of the upper die plate (11), a gate is further arranged at the top of the upper die plate (11), the front die block (13) is fixedly arranged at the top of the lower die plate (14), forming die cavities are formed in the movable die block (12) and the front die block (13), the gate is communicated with the forming die cavities in the movable die block (12), positioning columns (16) are arranged around the top of the front die block (13), and positioning holes (17) matched with the positioning columns (16) are formed around the bottom of the movable die block (12).

4. A near net shape die casting process for automotive parts as defined in claim 3, wherein: circulation pipes (18) are fixedly arranged on two sides of the front face of the front module (13), guide pipes (19) are arranged on the front side and the rear side of the top of the front module (13), guide pipe (19) matched guide cavities are arranged on the front side and the rear side of the bottom of the movable module (12), and cooling flow channels are arranged inside the movable module (12) and the front module (13).

5. The near net shape die casting process for automotive parts as defined in claim 4, wherein: the cooling flow channel inside located inside the movable module (12) is communicated with the inside of the two flow guide cavities, the cooling flow channel inside located inside the front module (13) is communicated with the inside of the flow guide pipe (19) and the inside of the circulating pipe (18) located on the left side, and the inside of the flow guide pipe (19) located on the right side is communicated with the inside of the circulating pipe (18) located on the right side.

6. The near net shape die casting process for automotive parts as defined in claim 2, wherein: the positioning mechanism comprises two positioning frames (21), the two sides inside the mounting groove (3) are provided with the positioning frames (21) in a sliding mode, the two sides inside the mounting groove (3) are provided with first servo electric cylinders (22), and the driving ends of the two first servo electric cylinders (22) located on the two sides inside the mounting groove (3) are fixedly connected with one sides of the two positioning frames (21) respectively.

7. The near net shape die casting process for automotive parts as defined in claim 6, wherein: the tops of the two locating frames (21) are provided with first miniature electric cylinders (25), and the driving ends of the first miniature electric cylinders (25) penetrate through the locating frames (21) and extend into the locating frames (21).

8. The near net shape die casting process for automotive parts as defined in claim 2, wherein: the die sinking mechanism comprises movable frames (31), two both sides at the top of the first electric sliding table (4) are provided with the movable frames (31) in a sliding mode, one side of each movable frame (31) is provided with a third electric sliding table (32), two die sinking frames (33) are arranged between the two movable frames (31) on the left side and between the two movable frames (31) on the right side, and two sides of each die sinking frame (33) are fixedly connected with one sides of each third electric sliding table (32) respectively.

9. The near net shape die casting process for automotive parts as defined in claim 8, wherein: the inside of die carrier (33) is provided with standing groove (34), and the inside both sides of standing groove (34) all are provided with second servo electric jar (35), two the drive end of second servo electric jar (35) all is provided with spacing splint (36), and the inside slip setting that two spacing splint (36) all are located standing groove (34).

10. The near net shape die casting process for automotive parts as defined in claim 9, wherein: the top of the die opening frame (33) is also provided with a second miniature electric cylinder (37), and the driving end of the second miniature electric cylinder (37) extends to the inside of the placing groove (34).