CN116967137A - A device and method for separating microplastics in soil - Google Patents
A device and method for separating microplastics in soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN116967137A CN116967137A CN202310747117.5A CN202310747117A CN116967137A CN 116967137 A CN116967137 A CN 116967137A CN 202310747117 A CN202310747117 A CN 202310747117A CN 116967137 A CN116967137 A CN 116967137A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
- B04C—APPARATUS USING FREE VORTEX FLOW, e.g. CYCLONES
- B04C9/00—Combinations with other devices, e.g. fans, expansion chambers, diffusors, water locks
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
- B07B15/00—Combinations of apparatus for separating solids from solids by dry methods applicable to bulk material, e.g. loose articles fit to be handled like bulk material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
- B07B7/00—Selective separation of solid materials carried by, or dispersed in, gas currents
- B07B7/01—Selective separation of solid materials carried by, or dispersed in, gas currents using gravity
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
- B04C—APPARATUS USING FREE VORTEX FLOW, e.g. CYCLONES
- B04C9/00—Combinations with other devices, e.g. fans, expansion chambers, diffusors, water locks
- B04C2009/002—Combinations with other devices, e.g. fans, expansion chambers, diffusors, water locks with external filters
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/62—Plastics recycling; Rubber recycling
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- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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- Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开一种土壤中微塑料分离装置及方法，装置包括样品悬浮输送管，所述样品悬浮输送管的下端设置有第一灰斗，所述第一灰斗上方、在样品悬浮输送管的侧面连通有风机，所述样品悬浮输送管的上部侧面设置有进样口，所述样品悬浮输送管的上方连通有至少一台旋风分离装置，所述旋风分离装置的顶部出口连通有收集仓，所述旋风分离装置的底部出口连通有第二灰斗。该方法利用重力不同原理将较轻的微塑料和较重的土壤颗粒进行预分离，后续浮选处理样品量大幅减少，减少了浮选溶液用量，产生的污染土壤减少，提取时间缩短，节省人力物力，可实现大量样品的快速分离。
The invention discloses a device and method for separating microplastics in soil. The device includes a sample suspension conveying pipe. A first ash hopper is provided at the lower end of the sample suspension conveying pipe. Above the first ash hopper, between the sample suspension conveying pipe and A fan is connected to the side, a sample inlet is provided on the upper side of the sample suspension conveying pipe, at least one cyclone separation device is connected above the sample suspension conveying pipe, and the top outlet of the cyclone separation device is connected to a collection bin. The bottom outlet of the cyclone separation device is connected with a second ash hopper. This method uses different principles of gravity to pre-separate lighter microplastics and heavier soil particles. The subsequent flotation processing sample volume is greatly reduced, the amount of flotation solution is reduced, the generated contaminated soil is reduced, the extraction time is shortened, and manpower is saved. Material resources, can achieve rapid separation of a large number of samples.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of soil detection, in particular to a device and a method for separating microplastic in soil.
Background
Plastics are widely used as an indispensable product in modern society, but about 79% of plastics are buried or abandoned in nature. The plastics undergo the physicochemical and biological actions of long-term illumination, pyrolysis, impact abrasion, oxidation and the like to gradually form solid particles or fragments with the particle size smaller than 5mm, and the tiny plastic particles are called microplastic. Farmland coating is widely applied in farmlands in China, agricultural film residues remained in soil are gradually decomposed into micro plastic particles each year, and the micro plastic particles are continuously enriched in mediums such as sediment, soil and the like, so that the soil property, the soil function and the biodiversity are affected, and the micro plastic particles interact with soil minerals, humic acid, pesticides, fertilizers and other organic pollutants remained in the soil, so that potential pollution exists for crops growing in the soil, and further influence is brought to the ecological environment. The separation of microplastic in sediment is significantly different from the separation of microplastic in water sample, and the separation procedure and steps are more complicated due to the existence of solid medium such as sediment.
For the separation of microplastic in soil, a commonly used method is a flotation method, the recovery rate of the microplastic is higher than 90%, for example, saturated sodium chloride solution, sodium polytungstate solution, calcium chloride solution, sodium iodide solution, zinc chloride solution and the like are adopted to separate the microplastic in sediment.
Because the traditional method for soaking, floating and separating according to the density principle has the defects of complicated procedure, troublesome operation, time and labor consumption, low efficiency, expensive efficient flotation agents such as sodium iodide solution, zinc chloride and the like, and increased separation cost. And because the content of the microplastic is low, a large amount of soil needs to be subjected to flotation in order to obtain enough detection samples, the use amount of the flotation solution is huge, and the use of a large amount of the flotation solution causes secondary pollution to the soil and brings trouble to subsequent treatment.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the application discloses a device and a method for separating micro-plastics in soil, which pre-separate lighter micro-plastics and heavier soil particles by utilizing the principle of different gravities, greatly reduce the sample amount of subsequent flotation treatment, reduce the consumption of flotation solution, reduce the generated polluted soil, shorten the extraction time, save manpower and material resources and realize the rapid separation of a large number of samples.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the application adopts the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a microplastic separator in soil, includes sample suspension conveyer pipe, the lower extreme of sample suspension conveyer pipe is provided with first ash bucket, first ash bucket top, the side intercommunication at sample suspension conveyer pipe have the fan, the upper portion side of sample suspension conveyer pipe is provided with the sample inlet, the top intercommunication of sample suspension conveyer pipe has at least one cyclone, cyclone's top export intercommunication has the collection storehouse, cyclone's bottom export intercommunication has the second ash bucket.
Preferably, a plurality of pairs of baffle groups are arranged in the sample suspension conveying pipe, and two pairs of baffle groups which are adjacent up and down are arranged in a staggered mode.
Preferably, each pair of baffle groups is symmetrically mounted to the side wall of the sample suspension transport tube about the axis of the sample suspension transport tube.
Preferably, the baffle group is arranged obliquely upwards from the side wall of the sample suspension conveying pipe to the center of the sample suspension conveying pipe.
Preferably, the baffle group comprises a main plate, one end of the main plate is connected with the side wall of the sample suspension conveying pipe, and two sides of the main plate are provided with a plurality of support plates which are parallel to each other along the axis of the main plate.
Preferably, a vibration sample injector is arranged at the sample inlet.
Preferably, the upper end of the sample suspension conveying pipe is communicated with the cyclone separation device through an elbow pipe, and the inner diameter of the elbow pipe is gradually reduced from the sample suspension conveying pipe to the cyclone separation device.
Preferably, the side surface of the second collecting bin is provided with a glass fiber filter membrane
The application also discloses a method for separating microplastic by using the separating device, which comprises the following specific steps:
step 1, a fan is turned on, and air is blown upwards at the bottom of a sample suspension conveying pipe to form air flow;
step 2, putting the dried and ground soil into a sample suspension conveying pipe through a vibration sample injector;
step 3, forming turbulent airflow in the sample suspension conveying pipe under the resistance of the baffle plate group, and bringing the micro plastic particles and soil particles with lighter mass into the cyclone separation device, wherein the heavier soil particles fall into a first ash bucket at the lower end of the pipeline;
and 4, utilizing the difference of centrifugal force caused by density difference between the micro plastic particles and the soil particles, enabling most of the soil particles to contact with the wall of the cyclone separation device and then enter a second ash bucket below, and enabling a small amount of dust with lighter mass to enter a collection bin together with the micro plastic.
The beneficial effects of the application are that
The cyclone device is used for separating lighter plastics from heavier soil particles, so that the sample size of the subsequent flotation treatment is greatly reduced, the consumption of flotation solution is reduced, and the polluted soil is not generated; the extraction time is shortened, and the manpower and material resources are saved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the application, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a baffle plate assembly;
in the figure: 1. the device comprises a fan, a sample suspension conveying pipe, a baffle group, a main plate, a support plate, a vibration sample injector, a variable-diameter conveying pipe, a cyclone separating device, a first ash bucket, a second ash bucket, a collection bin and a collection bin, wherein the fan, the sample suspension conveying pipe, the baffle group, the main plate, the vibration sample injector and the cyclone separating device are sequentially arranged in sequence, the vibration sample injector is sequentially arranged in sequence, the variable-diameter conveying pipe, the cyclone separating device, the first ash bucket, the second ash bucket and the collection bin are sequentially arranged in sequence, and the collection bin is sequentially arranged in sequence.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present application will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the application without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the application.
In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "inner", "outer", "left", "right" and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are merely for convenience in describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element in question must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present application.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, the present application provides a micro-plastic separation device in soil, which comprises a sample suspension conveying pipe 2, a vibration sample injector 5, a sealable sample inlet and a cyclone separation device 8; the vibration sampler 5 is arranged on the side surface of the upper part of the sample suspension conveying pipe 5, the bottom of the sample suspension conveying pipe 2 is connected with a first ash bucket 9, a fan 1 is communicated on the side surface of the sample suspension conveying pipe 2 above the first ash bucket 9, a reducing conveying pipe 7 is arranged at the upper end of the sample suspension conveying pipe 2, the other end of the reducing conveying pipe is communicated with a feeding hole of a cyclone separation device 8, an outlet at the upper end of the cyclone separation device 8 is communicated with a collecting bin 11, and an outlet at the lower end of the cyclone separation device 8 is communicated with a second ash bucket 10.
The sample suspension conveying pipe 2 is made of stainless steel, the inner diameter of the suspension pipe is 10 cm, the height is 1 m, a plurality of baffle groups 3 which are distributed in a staggered mode are arranged in the suspension pipe, the baffle groups are made of stainless steel and comprise a main plate 3-1 which is 5 cm long and 0.5 cm wide and a support plate 3-2 which is 3 cm long and 0.5 cm wide as shown in figure 2, and a plurality of support plates are sequentially and symmetrically distributed on two sides of the main plate along the length direction of the main plate in a tooth shape. The surface of the support plate 3-2 is of concave-convex rough design, the tooth width is 0.5 cm, and the tooth pitch is 0.5 cm. The main plate 3-1 is installed at an upward 30 degree angle to the inner wall of the sample suspension transport tube 2. The baffle groups 3 are arranged in the sample suspension conveying pipe 2 at intervals of 15 cm to form a layer, and each layer is arranged in the opposite direction and is divided into five layers. Two adjacent layers are installed in a staggered mode, namely, two baffle groups 3 of the first layer are installed in 12-point and 6-point directions, two baffle groups 3 of the second layer are installed in 3-point and 9-point directions, and two baffle groups 3 of the third layer are installed in 12-point and 6-point directions.
The side of the upper part of the sample suspension conveying pipe 2 is provided with a feed inlet, the sample injection speed is controlled to be 50-200g/min by adopting a vibration sample injector 5, the feed inlet stretches into the middle position of the suspension pipe, and the sample inlet is provided with a cover plate and a lock catch and can be closed in a sealing way. The vibration sample injector is common conventional equipment in the market.
The bottom of the sample suspension conveying pipe 2 is provided with a conical first ash bucket 9 which is made of stainless steel and has the height of 20 cm, the bottom of the ash bucket can be opened and cleaned, and the inside of the ash bucket is provided with a stainless steel sheet with the angle downward, the length of the ash bucket is 5 cm to 1 cm, and the ash bucket is uniformly distributed. Plays a role in preventing and controlling dust from suspending again.
The upper end of the sample suspension conveying pipe 2 is connected with the feed inlet of the cyclone separation device 8 through a reducing conveying pipe 7, the reducing conveying pipe 7 is connected with the inlet of the cyclone separation device by adopting a reducing way, the inner diameter of one end communicated with the sample suspension conveying pipe 2 is 10 cm, the inner diameter of one end communicated with the cyclone separation device 8 is changed into 5 cm, and the length of the reducing section is 20 cm.
The cyclone separation device 8 is a cyclone separator in the prior art, the micro plastic can be separated from the soil according to the density difference of the soil and the micro plastic, the lower part of the cyclone separation device is provided with a second ash bucket 10 with a rectangular upper part and a conical lower part, the second ash bucket is also made of stainless steel, the height of the second ash bucket is 30 cm, and the bottom of the ash bucket can be opened for cleaning.
In order to improve the separation effect, a plurality of cyclone dust removing devices can be connected in series to form a multi-stage separation combined device.
The top discharge port of the cyclone separation device 8 is connected and communicated with a section of S-shaped pipe through a section of inverted L-shaped pipe, and then is connected with the collecting bin 11, and the diameters of the pipelines of the L-shaped pipe and the S-shaped pipe are 5 cm.
The collecting bin is cuboid, has the length of 20 cm, the width of 10 cm and the height of 10 cm, and is provided with a 0.45 micrometer glass fiber filter membrane at one side.
Example two
The process for separating the micro plastic particles from the soil particles by using the device is as follows:
the dry and ground soil falls from the upper part of a pipeline (50-100 g/min) at a constant speed through a vibration sample injector 5, ascending air flow is arranged in the pipeline, comb-shaped baffle groups 3 which are distributed in a staggered mode and are at a certain angle are arranged in the pipeline, the baffle groups 3 disturb the air flow to enable the pipeline to form complete turbulent air flow, the carrying capacity of the air to materials is improved, micro plastic particles and soil particles with lighter mass are brought into a cyclone separation device 8, and heavier soil particles fall into a first ash bucket 9 at the lower end of the pipeline. After the micro plastic particles and soil particles with lighter mass enter the cyclone device 8, the density of the micro plastic particles is usedLess than the soil densityThe micro plastic particles and the centrifugal force of the soil particles are utilized to be different, most of the soil particles are contacted with the wall of the cyclone separation device 8 and then enter the second ash bucket 10 below, a small amount of dust with lighter mass is discharged together with the micro plastic through the exhaust pipe, and enters the collection bin 11 after passing through a section of conveying pipeline, and the outlet of the collection bin is provided with a 0.45 micrometer filter membrane for filtering gas and collecting the micro plastic and a small amount of dust. The outlet area is five to ten times larger than the cross section area of the front pipeline, and the resistance caused by the blocking of the filter membrane is reduced.
Cyclone separation device principle: the cyclone separating device is in a structure that an upper cylinder is connected with a lower cone, and by adjusting proper air flow speed and the size of the cyclone device, soil air flow containing micro plastics enters from a feed inlet along the tangential direction of the cylinder at a higher speed, the air flow is changed from linear motion into circular motion and flows upwards and downwards, the upward air flow is blocked by a top cover to return, and the downward air flow performs spiral motion (called external swirl) from top to bottom on a cylinder body part and a cone part. The soil air flow containing the microplastic generates centrifugal acceleration in the rotating process, and the centrifugal force generated by the soil particles is many times greater than the viscous resistance of air, so that the soil particles move away from the rotating center in the radial direction, and are thrown to the inner wall of the cylinder, separated from the microplastic particles once the soil particles contact with the wall, and discharged into the second ash bucket along the wall through the cone. The micro plastic is smaller in density, and the outer cyclone air flow which descends along with rotation is contracted along with the cone shape when moving along with the cone shape part, so that when the air flow reaches a certain position at the lower end of the cone shape, a spiral movement air flow (called inner cyclone) from bottom to top is formed in the middle of the dust remover in the same rotation direction, is discharged outwards through the upper discharge port, then enters the collecting bin through the bent pipeline, and the side wall of the collecting bin is provided with a 0.45-micrometer glass fiber filter membrane, so that micro plastic particles can be filtered and trapped.
The cyclone separator has a cylindrical body with a total height of 4 times the diameter of the cylindrical body, so that the height of the conical body is appropriately increased to advantageously improve the dust removal efficiency when the total height of the cylindrical body is constant, and the conical body has a height of 1.5 times the diameter of the cylindrical body, and a preferable dust removal efficiency can be obtained when the height of the conical body is 2.5 times the diameter of the cylindrical body.
The diameter of the exhaust pipe is preferably 0.5 to 0.6 times the diameter of the cylindrical body. The air exhaust pipe is inserted too shallow, which is easy to cause the dust-containing air flow of the air inlet to directly enter the air exhaust pipe to affect the dust removal efficiency, the air exhaust pipe is inserted deeply, which is easy to increase the friction surface between the air flow and the pipe wall to increase the resistance loss, and simultaneously, the distance between the air exhaust pipe and the bottom of the cone cylinder is shortened to increase the probability of secondary back mixing and discharging of dust. The insertion depth of the exhaust pipe is usually slightly lower than the bottom of the air inlet.
The air flow speed of the air inlet is controlled between 12 and 20 m/s, and the maximum air flow speed is not more than 25m/s, and is preferably 14 m/s.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the application. Thus, the present application is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (9)
1. Microplastic separation device in soil, a serial communication port, including sample suspension conveyer pipe (2), the lower extreme of sample suspension conveyer pipe is provided with first ash bucket (9), first ash bucket (9) top, the side intercommunication at sample suspension conveyer pipe (2) have fan (1), the upper portion side of sample suspension conveyer pipe (2) is provided with the sample inlet, the top intercommunication of sample suspension conveyer pipe (2) has at least one cyclone (8), the top export intercommunication of cyclone (8) has collection bin (11), the bottom export intercommunication of cyclone (8) has second ash bucket (10).
2. The device for separating microplastic from soil according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of pairs of baffle groups (3) are arranged in the sample suspension conveying pipe (2), and two pairs of baffle groups adjacent to each other are arranged in a staggered manner.
3. A soil microplastic separation device according to claim 2, characterized in that each pair of baffle groups (3) is symmetrically mounted to the side wall of the sample suspension transport tube (2) with respect to the axis of the sample suspension transport tube (2).
4. A soil microplastic separation device according to claim 2, characterized in that the baffle group (3) is arranged obliquely upwards from the side wall of the sample suspension transport pipe (2) to the centre of the sample suspension transport pipe (2).
5. A soil microplastic separation device according to claim 2, characterized in that the baffle group (3) comprises a main plate (3-1), one end of the main plate (3-1) is connected with the side wall of the sample suspension conveying pipe (2), and two sides of the main plate (3-1) are provided with a plurality of mutually parallel support plates (3-2) along the axis thereof.
6. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the sample inlet is provided with a vibrating sample injector (5).
7. The device for separating microplastic from soil according to claim 1, wherein the upper end of the sample suspension conveying pipe (2) is communicated with the cyclone separation device (8) through an elbow pipe, and the inner diameter of the elbow pipe is gradually reduced from the sample suspension conveying pipe to the cyclone separation device.
8. A soil microplastic separation device according to claim 1, characterized in that the side of the collection bin (11) is provided with glass fibre filter membranes.
9. A method for separating microplastic by using the separating device of claim 1, comprising the following specific steps:
step 1, a fan is turned on, and air flow is formed by upward blowing at the bottom of a sample suspension conveying pipe (2);
step 2, putting dry and ground soil into a sample suspension conveying pipe (2) through a vibration sample injector (5);
step 3, forming turbulent airflow in the sample suspension conveying pipe (2) under the resistance of the baffle group (3), and taking the micro plastic particles and the soil particles with lighter mass into the cyclone separation device (8), wherein the soil particles with heavier mass fall into a first ash bucket (9) at the lower end of the pipeline;
and 4, utilizing the difference of centrifugal force caused by density difference between the micro plastic particles and the soil particles, enabling most of the soil particles to contact with the wall of the cyclone separation device and then enter a second ash bucket (10) below, and enabling a small amount of dust with lighter mass to enter a collection bin (11) together with the micro plastic.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310747117.5A CN116967137B (en) | 2023-06-25 | 2023-06-25 | A device and method for separating microplastics from soil |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202310747117.5A CN116967137B (en) | 2023-06-25 | 2023-06-25 | A device and method for separating microplastics from soil |
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| CN116967137B CN116967137B (en) | 2025-12-26 |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN118635115A (en) * | 2024-07-18 | 2024-09-13 | 金路(唐山)智能装备有限公司 | Curve powder selecting machine, powder selecting system and powder selecting method |
| CN119574229A (en) * | 2025-01-24 | 2025-03-07 | 上海德凯工业技术有限公司 | Online sampling system for plastic particles |
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| US20080110806A1 (en) * | 2005-05-06 | 2008-05-15 | Alexander Koslow | Process And Device For Separating Plastics Of Different Chemical Composition By Flotation |
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|---|---|
| CN116967137B (en) | 2025-12-26 |
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