CN116933587A - Lithium battery electrode simulation analysis method and electronic equipment - Google Patents
Lithium battery electrode simulation analysis method and electronic equipment Download PDFInfo
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- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 68
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- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
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- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
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- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The embodiment of the application discloses a simulation analysis method for electrodes of a lithium battery and electronic equipment. The method is suitable for researching and optimizing the failure mechanism of the electrode material, and comprises the following steps: s1, acquiring component parameters of an electrode through an in-plane stretching test; s2, calibrating electrode interface parameters through an approximate shear test, a 180-degree peel test and a Cohesive Cohesive region model; s3, calibrating base material parameters by adopting an ABAQUS software model tree; s4, calibrating the FEM electrode model and the XFEM electrode model; s5, determining an electrode failure sequence through the FEM electrode model and the XFEM electrode model by combining observation of an experimental process; s6, changing the parameters of the active layer to study the failure mechanism of the electrode material; s7, changing interface parameters to study the failure mechanism of the electrode material. The application can predict the failure sequence of the battery electrode, reveal the intrinsic failure mechanism and guide the design and optimization of the battery electrode with high efficiency and low cost.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of lithium batteries, in particular to a simulation analysis method for electrodes of a lithium battery and electronic equipment.
Background
Lithium ion batteries are one of the rechargeable batteries widely used at present, and the characteristics of high energy density, long cycle life, low self-discharge rate and the like make the lithium ion batteries rapidly popularized in the field of electric automobiles.
The positive electrode and the negative electrode of the lithium battery are both made of electrode materials, wherein the positive electrode materials are usually lithium cobaltate, ternary materials and the like, and the negative electrode materials are graphite, silicon and the like. However, as the service life of lithium batteries increases, the electrode material may fail, resulting in reduced battery performance and even failure. And, with the continuous development of electric automobile trade, people put forward higher demands to electric automobile's security, duration and life. As an important component of the lithium ion battery, the mechanical property and the failure process of the electrode directly influence the short circuit mode, and the lithium ion battery is a key ring related to the safety of the battery. Therefore, research on the mechanical property and failure mechanism of the electrode material has important significance for battery safety, design optimization and performance improvement.
At present, for the problem of electrode material failure, two difficulties exist in the experimental process: firstly, the electrode breaking process is very rapid, the whole breaking process only needs a few milliseconds, the general observation mode in the experimental process is difficult to capture the complete failure process of electrode breaking, and a high-speed camera with 10000 frames/s can only be used for shooting pictures of a plurality of breaking processes, so that break points exist in the analysis of the breaking process; secondly, the process of the electrode material is complex, the manufacturing cost for improving the process parameters is high, and the process parameters are difficult to control.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical defects existing in the prior art, the embodiment of the application aims to provide a lithium battery electrode simulation analysis method and electronic equipment.
In order to achieve the above objective, in a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a simulation analysis method for an electrode of a lithium battery, which is suitable for research and design optimization of failure mechanism of an electrode material, and includes the following steps:
s1, acquiring component parameters of an electrode through an in-plane stretching test;
s2, calibrating electrode interface parameters through an approximate shear test, a 180-degree peel test and a Cohesive Cohesive region model;
s3, calibrating base material parameters by adopting an ABAQUS software model tree;
s4, calibrating the FEM electrode model and the XFEM electrode model;
s5, determining the electrode failure sequence through the FEM electrode model and the XFEM electrode model and combining the observation of the experimental process.
As a specific implementation manner of the present application, step S1 specifically includes:
determining the material and specific structural size of the electrode;
obtaining stretching response data of the electrode and the substrate through an in-plane stretching test;
assuming that the substrate and active material are deformed in tension before electrode failure (interface/material failure) are consistent, the tensile response data for the active layer can be calculated equivalently.
As a specific implementation manner of the present application, step S2 specifically includes:
acquiring an interface parameter reference value tangential to the electrode through an approximate shear test based on a traction-separation criterion;
180-degree peeling test is carried out on the electrode to obtain a displacement-peeling strength curve;
establishing an electrode stripping model based on a cohesional Cohesive region model of an ABAQUS solver;
and (3) obtaining correct interface parameters by iterating the reference values, wherein the model output is consistent with the displacement-peel strength curve of the experiment.
As a specific implementation mode of the application, the ABAQUS software model tree comprises a verification module, a component module, an analysis step module, an interaction module, a load module and a network module; the step S3 specifically comprises the following steps:
converting the tensile response data of the base material into parameters, inputting the parameters into ABAQUS software, adopting ductile metal damage criteria by an FEM model, and adopting maximum main strain failure criteria by an XFEM model;
in the component module, FEM selects a shell geometric simulation substrate, XFEM adopts a physical geometric simulation substrate, and the length, width and height of the input substrate are equal;
giving the parameters to the geometric section of the substrate, and adding corresponding thickness to the section of the substrate in the FEM model;
in the analysis step module, the analysis step of the FEM model adopts dynamic display, and opens geometric nonlinearity, and the XFEM model adopts static general analysis;
in the interaction module, setting a reference point on the right side of the substrate, coupling the reference point with a right boundary, ensuring that the reference point is consistent with the right boundary in motion, defining XFEM cracks in special settings by an XFEM model, and giving a crack expansion area and appointed contact properties;
in the load module, the FEM model is provided with a left side edge complete support and a right side reference point application speed;
in the grid module, the FEM model is provided with an approximate global size, and a quadrilateral reduced integral S4R unit is adopted; setting an approximate global size of the XFEM model, and adopting an eight-node linear hexahedral C3D8R unit;
in the field output, the FEM model adds STATUS to the default output variables to output the substrate breakage process; adding XFEMS status to the default output variable to output a crack propagation process in the XFEM model;
in course output, the FEM model and the XFEM model both output the force and the counter force on the reference point;
a job is created and the computation is submitted.
As a specific implementation manner of the present application, step S4 specifically includes:
converting the tensile response data of the active layer into parameters, inputting the parameters into ABAQUS software, inputting calibrated base material data, adopting ductile metal damage criteria by the FEM model, and adopting maximum main strain failure criteria by the XFEM model;
in the component module, FEM selects a shell geometry simulation substrate and an active layer, XFEM adopts a physical geometry simulation substrate and an active layer, and inputs the length, width and height of the substrate and the active layer;
giving the parameters to the geometric section of the substrate, and adding corresponding thicknesses to the sections of the substrate and the active layer in the FEM model;
in the assembly module, two active layers are assembled on the upper side and the lower side of a base layer based on a three-layer structure of an electrode;
in the analysis step module, the analysis step of the FEM model adopts dynamic display, and opens geometric nonlinearity, and the XFEM model adopts static general analysis;
in the interaction module, a reference point is arranged on the right side of the base material, the reference point is coupled with the right side edge, the movement consistency of the reference point and the right side edge is ensured, and the calibrated interface parameters are input into the two models; the XFEM model defines XFEM cracks in special settings, and gives a crack extension area and appointed contact properties;
in the load module, the FEM model is provided with a left side edge complete support and a right side reference point application speed;
in the grid module, the FEM model is provided with an approximate global size, and a quadrilateral reduced integral S4R unit is adopted; setting an approximate global size of the XFEM model, and adopting an eight-node linear hexahedral C3D8R unit;
in the field output, the FEM model adds STATUS to the default output variable to output the electrode breaking process; and adding XFEMS STATUS into a default output variable in the XFEM model to output a crack propagation process;
in course output, the FEM model and the XFEM model both output displacement and support reaction force on a reference point;
a job is created and the computation is submitted.
As a specific implementation manner of the present application, step S5 specifically includes:
and (3) observing an experimental process by adopting a high-speed camera, and determining an electrode failure sequence by combining a calibrated FEM electrode model and an XFEM electrode model.
Further, as a preferred implementation of the present application, the method further includes:
s6, changing the parameters of the active layer, keeping the other parameters unchanged, and researching the failure mechanism of the electrode material based on the changed parameters of the active layer;
and S7, changing interface parameters, keeping other parameters unchanged, and researching an electrode material failure mechanism based on the changed interface parameters.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application further provides an electronic device, including a processor, an input device, an output device, and a memory, where the processor, the input device, the output device, and the memory are connected to each other, and the memory is configured to store a computer program, where the computer program includes program instructions, and where the processor is configured to invoke the program instructions to perform the method steps according to the first aspect.
Compared with the existing electrode modeling method, the embodiment of the application has the following advantages:
(1) The application develops a scientific and reasonable calibration method for the interface parameters of the electrode material.
(2) The method provided by the application has strong practicability, and a proper constitutive model and a failure criterion are defined for electrode materials.
(3) The application can predict the failure sequence of the battery electrode with high efficiency and low cost and reveal the inherent failure mechanism.
(4) The application can efficiently guide the design and optimization of the battery electrode with low cost.
(5) The modeling method provided by the application has more reliable results, the electrode model is built based on two methods of FEM and XFEM, and the simulation results of the two models are basically consistent.
(6) By comparing the two methods of FEM and XFEM, the merits of both methods are revealed.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below. Like elements or portions are generally identified by like reference numerals throughout the several figures. In the drawings, elements or portions thereof are not necessarily drawn to scale.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a simulation analysis method for an electrode of a lithium battery according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a modeling flow chart of a simulation analysis method of a lithium battery pole piece for researching the failure mechanism of an electrode material;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of interface strength criteria test and traction-separation criteria;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a process for calibrating electrode interface parameters and a schematic diagram of an FEM model;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an XFEM model;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of simulation results and observation tests;
fig. 7 is a block diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present application will be made clearly and fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is evident that the embodiments described are some, but not all embodiments of the application. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the application without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the application.
The application is characterized in that: in order to solve the problems of experimental analysis and cost of the electrode material, the simulation analysis method based on the simulation software platform is combined with experimental data, an accurate numerical model can be constructed, the breaking process of the electrode material is simulated, and the failure mechanism of the electrode material is revealed. In addition, the electrode material can be subjected to parameter analysis based on a calibrated model, so that optimal parameters are obtained to guide electrode design. In order to ensure the accuracy of simulation, the embodiment of the application adopts two methods of finite element FEM and extended finite element XFEM to establish electrode models for mutual verification and is compared with experiments.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the simulation analysis method for the lithium battery electrode provided by the embodiment of the application is suitable for researching and optimizing the failure mechanism of the electrode material. As shown, the method comprises the steps of:
s1, obtaining the component parameters of the electrode through an in-plane stretching test.
In this embodiment, step S1 specifically includes:
1) Determining the material and specific structural size of the electrode;
2) Obtaining the stretching response of the electrode and the substrate through an in-plane stretching test;
3) Assuming consistent tensile deformation of the substrate and active material before electrode failure (interface/material failure), the equivalent calculation yields the tensile response of the active layer.
Wherein the formula of the equivalent calculation is as follows:
(1) the substrate and active layer are strained the same
ε＝ε 1 ＝ε 2
(2) The electrode is stressed to be equal to the resultant force of the active layer and the substrate
F＝2F 1 +F 2
(3) The thickness of the electrode is equal to the total thickness of the active layer and the substrate
t＝2t 1 +t 2
(4) Stress calculation formula
F＝σA
(5) Active layer stress formula
S2, calibrating electrode interface parameters through an approximate shear test, a 180-degree peel test and a Cohesive Cohesive region model.
In this embodiment, step S2 specifically includes:
(1) acquiring tangential interface parameter reference values through an approximate shear test based on a traction-separation criterion;
(2) 180 DEG stripping test is carried out on the electrode to obtain a displacement-stripping strength curve;
(3) establishing an electrode stripping model based on a cohesional Cohesive region model of an ABAQUS solver;
(4) and (3) obtaining correct interface parameters through iteration of the reference values, wherein the model output is consistent with the displacement-peeling strength curve of the experiment.
Among them, the cohesiveness Cohesive region model is explained as follows:
in CohesiveThe aggregation zone model is a damage mechanics model for simulating the debonding behavior of a cathode interface, and the thickness of the electrode interface is negligible. In this case, the constitutive relationship of interfacial debonding is defined in terms of traction and separation. For the pull separation method, the generic constitutive model is the bilinear constitutive model shown in fig. 3. It describes that the interface reaches its stress limit sigma max Previous line elastic phase sum reaches sigma max Followed by a softening phase of linear decreasing. The abscissa is displacement and the ordinate is stress. The slope of the linear elastic phase represents the stiffness K and the area under the triangle represents the critical energy G released when the viscous interface fails completely. In general, when using the cohesional Cohesive region model, it is necessary to give the stiffness K, the stress limit σ in the normal and tangential directions max And critical release energy G (or lesion evolution displacement). Wherein the parameter of the normal direction (K nn ，σ nn ，G Ⅰ ) Can be obtained by standard tensile tests, two parameters in tangential direction (K ss ，K tt ，σ ss ，σ tt ，G Ⅱ ，G Ⅲ ) Can be obtained by standard shear tests. However, since the strength of the interface is greater than that of the substrate and the active layer, it is currently difficult to achieve these two standard experiments in electrode materials.
S3, calibrating the substrate parameters by using an ABAQUS software model tree.
In this embodiment, step S3 specifically includes:
(1) The tensile response of the substrate is converted into parameters and input into ABAQUS software, the FEM model adopts ductile metal damage criteria, and the XFEM model adopts maximum principal strain failure criteria.
(2) In the component module, FEM selects a shell geometry simulation substrate, XFEM adopts a physical geometry simulation substrate, and inputs define the length, width and height of the substrate.
(3) Parameters are given to the geometric cross section of the substrate, and corresponding thickness is required to be added to the cross section of the substrate in the FEM model.
(4) In the analysis step module, the analysis step of the FEM model adopts dynamic display and opens geometric nonlinearity; in the XFEM model, the analysis step adopts static force.
(5) In the interaction module, a reference point is set on the right side of the substrate, and the reference point is coupled with the right boundary to ensure that the reference point is consistent with the right boundary movement, and an XFEM model defines XFEM cracks in a special setting, and gives a crack propagation area and specified contact properties.
(6) In the load module, the left side edge is set to be fully clamped and the right side reference point is set to apply speed.
(7) In the grid module, the FEM model is provided with an approximate global size, and a quadrilateral reduced integral S4R unit is adopted; the XFEM model is set to approximate global size, eight-node linear hexahedral C3D8R unit is adopted, integral is reduced, and hourglass control is carried out.
(8) In the field output, the FEM model adds STATUS to the default output variables to output the substrate breakage process; whereas xfimstatus is added to the default output variables in the xfim model to output the crack propagation process.
(9) In the course output, both models output the force and the counter-force at the reference point.
(10) A job is created and the computation is submitted.
S4, calibrating the FEM electrode model and the XFEM electrode model;
in this embodiment, step S4 specifically includes:
(1) The tensile response of the active layer is converted into parameters, the parameters are input into ABAQUS software, the FEM model adopts ductile metal damage criteria, the XFEM model adopts maximum principal strain failure criteria, and calibrated substrate data are input.
(2) In the component module, the FEM selects a shell geometry simulation substrate and an active layer, and XFEM adopts a physical geometry simulation substrate and an active layer, and inputs the length, width and height of the substrate and the active layer.
(3) Parameters are given to the geometric cross sections of the substrate and the active layer, and corresponding thicknesses are added to the cross sections of the substrate and the active layer in the FEM model.
(4) In the assembly module, two active layers are assembled on the upper and lower sides of a base layer based on a three-layer structure of electrodes. In the FEM model, a shell structure is adopted, so that a gap with corresponding thickness is reserved to avoid interference.
(5) In the analysis step module, the analysis step of the FEM model adopts dynamic display and opens geometric nonlinearity; in the XFEM model, the analysis step adopts static force.
(6) In the interaction module, a reference point is arranged on the right side of the substrate, the reference point is coupled with the right boundary, the movement consistency of the reference point and the right boundary is ensured, and calibrated interface parameters are input into two models, wherein the XFEM models define XFEM cracks in special settings, and a crack extension area and a specified contact attribute are given.
(7) In the load module, the left side edge is set to be fully clamped and the right side reference point is set to apply speed.
(8) In the grid module, the FEM model is provided with an approximate global size, and a quadrilateral reduced integral S4R unit is adopted; the XFEM model is set to approximate global size, eight-node linear hexahedral C3D8R unit is adopted, integral is reduced, and hourglass control is carried out.
(9) In the field output, the FEM model adds STATUS to the default output variable to output the electrode breaking process; whereas xfimstatus is added to the default output variables in the xfim model to output the crack propagation process.
(10) In course output, both models output displacement and support force at the reference point.
(11) A job is created and the computation is submitted.
S5, determining the electrode failure sequence through the FEM electrode model and the XFEM electrode model and combining the observation of the experimental process.
S6, changing the parameters of the active layer, keeping the other parameters unchanged, and researching the failure mechanism of the electrode material based on the changed parameters of the active layer;
and S7, changing interface parameters, keeping other parameters unchanged, and researching an electrode material failure mechanism based on the changed interface parameters.
For a better understanding of the embodiments of the present application, the following details of the foregoing method steps are given by taking a cathode material of a high nickel ternary system as an example:
step 1: the parameters of each component of the cathode are obtained, and the specific steps are as follows:
(1) The cathode material is determined to be composed of two active layers coated on top of each other by an Al foil, wherein the size of the Al foil is 50mm multiplied by 15mm multiplied by 0.011mm, and the size of the active layer is 50mm multiplied by 15mm multiplied by 0.05mm;
(2) Obtaining the stretching response of the cathode and the Al foil through an in-plane stretching test;
(3) Assuming that the Al foil and active material are deformed in tension before electrode failure (interface/material failure), the equivalent calculation yields the tensile response of the active layer.
Step 2: the specific steps of calibrating the cathode interface parameters are as follows, as shown in fig. 4:
(1) Obtaining tangential interface parameter reference value K through approximate shear test ss ＝K tt ＝0.25N/mm 2 ，σ ss ＝σ tt ＝0.375Mpa，G Ⅱ ＝G Ⅲ ＝0.28128mJ/mm 3 ；
(2) The cathode is adhered on a fixed steel plate through a double-sided adhesive tape with the width of 20mm, then is stretched at the speed of 2mm/s, and a 180-degree peeling test is carried out to obtain a displacement-peeling strength curve;
(3) Establishing an electrode stripping model based on a cohesiveness region model of an ABAQUS solver, wherein a certain included angle is necessarily formed between the stretching direction and the steel plate in the stripping process, and approximately 5 degrees are taken here;
(4) By iterating the reference values, the correct interface parameters are obtained, the model output is consistent with the experimental displacement-peel strength curve, and the calibrated interface parameters are as follows: k (K) nn ＝0.15N/mm 2 ，K ss ＝K tt ＝0.1N/mm 3 ，σ ss ＝σ tt ＝0.193Mpa，G Ⅱ ＝G Ⅲ ＝0.2mJ/mm 3 。
Step 3: the Al foil parameters are calibrated, and the specific steps are as follows:
(1) The verification module in the ABAQUS software model tree creates a data set named Al, the stress strain data in the Al foil stretching curve is input into the data set, and the engineering stress sigma is input e And engineering strain ε e Conversion to true stress sigma t And true strain ε t The data set Al_real is obtained, and the calculation formula is as follows: epsilon t ＝ln(1+ε e )，σ t ＝σ e (1+ε e ). Inputting the Al_real data set into an elastoplastic behavior model, extracting elastic modulus and yield stress of the elastoplastic behavior model, and calculating equivalent plastic strain:the FEM model adopts ductile metal damage criterion to set plastic failure strain +.>The XFEM model adopts the maximum main strain failure criterion and sets failure strain epsilon max ＝0.05；
(2) FEM selects a shell geometric simulation substrate in a component module, XFEM adopts a physical geometric simulation substrate, and the length, the width and the height of the substrate are input and defined;
(3) Giving parameters to the geometric section of the Al foil, wherein the thickness of 0.011mm is required to be added to the section of the Al foil in the FEM model;
(4) In the analysis step module, the analysis step of the FEM model adopts dynamic display, and opens geometric nonlinearity, and the duration of the analysis step is set to be 0.1s; in the XFEM model, the analysis steps are static force general, and the duration of the analysis steps is set to be 1s;
(5) In the interaction module, setting a reference point RP-1 on the right side of a substrate, coupling the reference point with a right boundary, ensuring that the reference point is consistent with the right boundary in motion, defining XFEM cracks in special setting by an XFEM model, and giving a crack expansion area and appointed contact properties as normal behavior hard contact;
(6) In the load module, the FEM model is provided with a left side edge to be fully fixedly supported, the right side reference point application speed V=33.33 mm/s, and the loading speed in the XFEM model is V=0.1 mm/s;
(7) In the grid module, the FEM model is set to be approximately 0.5 in global size, and a quadrilateral reduced integral S4R unit is adopted; the XFEM model is set to be approximately 0.025 in global size, eight-node linear hexahedral C3D8R units are adopted, integral is reduced, and hourglass control is performed;
(8) In the field output, the FEM model adds STATUS to the default output variable to output the Al fracture process; and adding XFEMS STATUS into a default output variable in the XFEM model to output a crack propagation process;
(9) In course output, both models output a displacement U1 and a branch counter force RF1 on a reference point RP-1;
(10) A job is created and the computation is submitted.
Step 4: the specific steps of calibrating the electrode model are as follows:
(1) The tensile response of the active layer is converted into parameters and input into ABAQUS software, a data set is newly built in a verification module in an ABAQUS software model tree and is named as N80, and stress strain data in the tensile curve of the active layer is input into the data set. Then engineering stress sigma e And engineering strain ε e Conversion to true stress sigma t And true strain ε t And obtaining a data set N80_real, inputting the N80_real data set into an elastoplastic behavior model, extracting elastic modulus and yield stress of the data set, and calculating equivalent plastic strain. The FEM model adopts ductile metal damage criterion, and the active layer failure criterion sets plastic failure strainThe XFEM model adopts a maximum main strain failure criterion, the active layer failure criterion adopts a maximum main strain failure criterion, and the failure strain epsilon is set max =0.027. And finally, inputting calibrated Al foil data.
(2) In the component module, the FEM selects a shell geometry simulation substrate and an active layer, the dimensions of the Al foil are 50mm×15mm×0.011mm, and the dimensions of the active layer are 50mm×15mm×0.05mm; XFEM uses solid geometry to simulate the substrate and active layer and scaling models to better observe crack propagation as in fig. 5, the dimensions of the al foil are 0.5mm x 0.15mm x 0.011mm, the dimensions of the active layer are 0.5mm x 0.15mm x 0.05mm.
(3) Parameters are given to the geometric cross sections of the Al foil and the active layer, and corresponding thicknesses are added to the cross sections of the Al foil and the active layer in the FEM model.
(4) In the assembly module, two active layers are assembled on the upper and lower sides of a base layer based on a three-layer structure of electrodes. In the FEM model, a shell structure is adopted, so that a gap with corresponding thickness is reserved to avoid interference.
(5) In the analysis step module, the analysis step of the FEM model adopts dynamic display, and opens geometric nonlinearity, and the duration of the analysis step is set to be 0.1s; in the XFEM model, the analysis steps are used for static force and the duration of the analysis steps is set to be 1s.
(6) In the interaction module, a reference point RP-1 is arranged on the right side of the substrate, the reference point is coupled with the right side edge, the movement consistency of the reference point and the right side edge is ensured, and calibrated interface parameters are input into two models, wherein the XFEM models define XFEM cracks in special settings, and a crack extension area and a designated contact attribute are given as normal behavior hard contact.
(7) In the load module, the FEM model is set with the left side edge fully clamped, the right side reference point application speed v=33.33 mm/s, and the loading speed in the XFEM model is v=0.1 mm/s.
(8) In the grid module, the FEM model is set to be approximately 0.5 in global size, and a quadrilateral reduced integral S4R unit is adopted; the XFEM model is set to be approximately 0.025 in global size, eight-node linear hexahedral C3D8R units are adopted, integration is reduced, and hourglass control is performed.
(9) In the field output, the FEM model adds STATUS to the default output variable to output the cathode fracture process; whereas xfimstatus is added to the default output variables in the xfim model to output the crack propagation process.
(10) In the course output, both models output the displacement U1 and the branch reaction force RF1 at the reference point RP-1.
(11) A job is created and the computation is submitted.
Step 5: as shown in fig. 6, the electrode failure sequence is determined by combining the calibrated model with the results observed by the high-speed camera, and the cathode failure can be divided into three stages. In stage I, the cathode enters a yield stage, and the interface between the active layer and the Al foil is debonded; in the second stage, crack growth is carried out, and the active layer breaks along with the decrease of the adhesive force value; in stage III, the Al foil breaks and the force value further decreases.
Step 6: the failure criterion values of the active layer are modified to be 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08 and 0.1, while other parameters are kept unchanged, and the influence of the failure of the active layer on the electrode failure is studied;
step 7: to exclude the influence of the active layer failure, the failure criterion value of the active layer failure criterion is set to 0.1. The interface strength ranges from 0 to infinity, where an interface with infinite interface strength is approximately obtained by binding the active layer to the Al foil in the contact set-up, the effect of the interface on electrode failure was studied.
Compared with the existing electrode modeling method, the embodiment of the application has the following advantages:
(1) The application develops a scientific and reasonable calibration method for the interface parameters of the electrode material.
(2) The method provided by the application has strong practicability, and a proper constitutive model and a failure criterion are defined for electrode materials.
(3) The application can predict the failure sequence of the battery electrode with high efficiency and low cost and reveal the inherent failure mechanism.
(4) The application can efficiently guide the design and optimization of the battery electrode with low cost.
(5) The modeling method provided by the application has more reliable results, the electrode model is built based on two methods of FEM and XFEM, and the simulation results of the two models are basically consistent.
(6) By comparing the two methods of FEM and XFEM, the merits of both methods are revealed.
Accordingly, the present application also provides an electronic device, corresponding to the foregoing method embodiment, including a processor, an input device, an output device, and a memory, where the processor, the input device, the output device, and the memory are connected to each other, and the memory is configured to store a computer program, where the computer program includes program instructions, and where the processor is configured to invoke the program instructions to perform the method steps as described above.
It should be appreciated that in embodiments of the present application, the processor 101 may be a central processing unit (Central Processing Unit, CPU), which may also be other general purpose processors, digital signal processors (Digital Signal Processor, DSPs), application specific integrated circuits (Application Specific Integrated Circuit, ASICs), off-the-shelf programmable gate arrays (Field-Programmable Gate Array, FPGAs) or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, or the like. A general purpose processor may be a microprocessor or the processor may be any conventional processor or the like.
The input device 102 may include a keyboard or the like, and the output device 103 may include a display (LCD or the like), a speaker or the like.
The memory 104 may include read only memory and random access memory and provides instructions and data to the processor 101. A portion of the memory 104 may also include non-volatile random access memory. For example, the memory 104 may also store information of device type.
In a specific implementation, the processor 101, the input device 102, and the output device 103 described in the embodiments of the present application may execute the implementation described in the embodiments of the method for simulating and analyzing a lithium battery electrode provided in the embodiments of the present application, which is not described herein again.
It should be noted that, for the specific workflow of the user side in the embodiment of the present application, please refer to the foregoing method embodiment section, and no further description is given here.
While the application has been described with reference to certain preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and substitutions of equivalents may be made and equivalents will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the application. Therefore, the protection scope of the application is subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (8)
1. The simulation analysis method for the lithium battery electrode is characterized by being suitable for researching and optimizing the failure mechanism of the electrode material, and comprises the following steps:
s1, acquiring component parameters of an electrode through an in-plane stretching test;
s2, calibrating electrode interface parameters through an approximate shear test, a 180-degree peel test and a Cohesive Cohesive region model;
s3, calibrating base material parameters by adopting an ABAQUS software model tree;
s4, calibrating the FEM electrode model and the XFEM electrode model;
s5, determining the electrode failure sequence through the FEM electrode model and the XFEM electrode model and combining the observation of the experimental process.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein step S1 is specifically:
determining the material and specific structural size of the electrode;
obtaining stretching response data of the electrode and the substrate through an in-plane stretching test;
assuming that the substrate and active material are deformed in tension before electrode failure are consistent, the tensile response data for the active layer can be calculated equivalently.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein step S2 is specifically:
acquiring an interface parameter reference value tangential to the electrode through an approximate shear test based on a traction-separation criterion;
180-degree peeling test is carried out on the electrode to obtain a displacement-peeling strength curve;
establishing an electrode stripping model based on a cohesional Cohesive region model of an ABAQUS solver;
and (3) obtaining correct interface parameters by iterating the reference values, wherein the model output is consistent with the displacement-peel strength curve of the experiment.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the ABAQUS software model tree comprises a verification module, a component module, an analysis step module, an interaction module, a load module, and a network module; the step S3 specifically comprises the following steps:
converting the tensile response data of the base material into parameters, inputting the parameters into ABAQUS software, adopting ductile metal damage criteria by an FEM model, and adopting maximum main strain failure criteria by an XFEM model;
in the component module, FEM selects a shell geometric simulation substrate, XFEM adopts a physical geometric simulation substrate, and the length, width and height of the input substrate are equal;
giving the parameters to the geometric section of the substrate, and adding corresponding thickness to the section of the substrate in the FEM model;
in the analysis step module, the analysis step of the FEM model adopts dynamic display, and opens geometric nonlinearity, and the XFEM model adopts static general analysis;
in the interaction module, setting a reference point on the right side of the substrate, coupling the reference point with a right boundary, ensuring that the reference point is consistent with the right boundary in motion, defining XFEM cracks in special settings by an XFEM model, and giving a crack expansion area and appointed contact properties;
in the load module, the FEM model is provided with a left side edge complete support and a right side reference point application speed;
in the grid module, the FEM model is provided with an approximate global size, and a quadrilateral reduced integral S4R unit is adopted; setting an approximate global size of the XFEM model, and adopting an eight-node linear hexahedral C3D8R unit;
in the field output, the FEM model adds STATUS to the default output variables to output the substrate breakage process; adding XFEMS status to the default output variable to output a crack propagation process in the XFEM model;
in course output, the FEM model and the XFEM model both output the force and the counter force on the reference point;
a job is created and the computation is submitted.
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein step S4 is specifically:
converting the tensile response data of the active layer into parameters, inputting the parameters into ABAQUS software, inputting calibrated base material data, adopting ductile metal damage criteria by the FEM model, and adopting maximum main strain failure criteria by the XFEM model;
in the component module, FEM selects a shell geometry simulation substrate and an active layer, XFEM adopts a physical geometry simulation substrate and an active layer, and inputs the length, width and height of the substrate and the active layer;
giving the parameters to the geometric section of the substrate, and adding corresponding thicknesses to the sections of the substrate and the active layer in the FEM model;
in the assembly module, two active layers are assembled on the upper side and the lower side of a base layer based on a three-layer structure of an electrode;
in the analysis step module, the analysis step of the FEM model adopts dynamic display, and opens geometric nonlinearity, and the XFEM model adopts static general analysis;
in the interaction module, a reference point is arranged on the right side of the base material, the reference point is coupled with the right side edge, the movement consistency of the reference point and the right side edge is ensured, and the calibrated interface parameters are input into the two models; the XFEM model defines XFEM cracks in special settings, and gives a crack extension area and appointed contact properties;
in the load module, the FEM model is provided with a left side edge complete support and a right side reference point application speed;
in the grid module, the FEM model is provided with an approximate global size, and a quadrilateral reduced integral S4R unit is adopted; setting an approximate global size of the XFEM model, and adopting an eight-node linear hexahedral C3D8R unit;
in the field output, the FEM model adds STATUS to the default output variable to output the electrode breaking process; and adding XFEMS STATUS into a default output variable in the XFEM model to output a crack propagation process;
in course output, the FEM model and the XFEM model both output displacement and support reaction force on a reference point;
a job is created and the computation is submitted.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein step S5 is specifically:
and (3) observing an experimental process by adopting a high-speed camera, and determining an electrode failure sequence by combining a calibrated FEM electrode model and an XFEM electrode model.
7. The method of any one of claims 1-6, wherein the method further comprises:
s6, changing the parameters of the active layer, keeping the other parameters unchanged, and researching the failure mechanism of the electrode material based on the changed parameters of the active layer;
and S7, changing interface parameters, keeping other parameters unchanged, and researching an electrode material failure mechanism based on the changed interface parameters.
8. An electronic device comprising a processor, an input device, an output device and a memory, the processor, the input device, the output device and the memory being interconnected, characterized in that the memory is adapted to store a computer program comprising program instructions, the processor being configured to invoke the program instructions to perform the method steps of claim 7.
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| CN117350088B (en) * | 2023-12-06 | 2024-02-23 | 苏州易来科得科技有限公司 | Method, device, storage medium and equipment for generating simulation grid of battery pole piece |
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