CN116918670A

CN116918670A - A method for mass cultivation of plum blossom cliff-style bonsai

Info

Publication number: CN116918670A
Application number: CN202311093432.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 李燕; 蒋巧根; 商博宣; 翟秋红; 徐晓清; 朱江涛
Original assignee: Wuxi Forestry Society
Current assignee: Wuxi Forestry Society
Priority date: 2023-08-29
Filing date: 2023-08-29
Publication date: 2023-10-24

Abstract

The invention discloses a batch cultivation method of plum blossom cliff type bonsais, which is characterized in that the shape of the bonsais is designed in advance and cultivated for many years. The bonsai cultivation is carried out through three stages of bonsai cultivation trunk cultivation, field cultivation and basin-entering maintenance, or through three stages of field flat cultivation, digging out and replanting (reverse cultivation) and basin-entering maintenance. The invention solves the problems of difficult foraging of cliff type bonsai stumps, limited modeling, slow manual culture of stumps and great difficulty in natural environment, and realizes individualized, batch, rapid and standardized production of the cliff type bonsai cultivation.

Description

Plum blossom cliff type bonsai batch cultivation method

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of bonsai manufacturing.

Background

The stump bonsai has unique modeling, rich meaning and natural ecology, is favored by consumers and is favored by bonsai lovers. The stump bonsai is usually made up by using woody plants with high resistance and easy shaping, such as plum blossom, hammer elm and conifer, etc. and adopting the shaping techniques of cutting, pulling, supporting, twisting, binding, shearing and picking core, etc. and adopting the daily maintenance process to form various shaping modes with special form, strong vitality and good taste.

The bonsai stump is obtained in two main modes: firstly, the old stumps with thick and short stems, long tree ages and primary stump bonsai modeling are generally selected for cultivation in the field. Because of the natural habit of the upward growth of woody plant branches, the probability of forming materials suitable for making stump bonsais in the field is very small, the time consumption is long, and the searching difficulty is high. Secondly, the self-cultivating stumps are selected, seedlings suitable for making stump bonsais are selected, directional cultivation is carried out through design, and the growth speed is accelerated through controlling the quantity, angle, direction, length and thickness of branches of each stage of stumps, so that ideal stumps are cultivated. The self-cultivating stumps grow in an artificial environment, have more controllable factors, and can be cultivated according to design and modeling requirements, so that batch, large-scale and standardized production is realized.

The cliff type stump bonsai is a special stump bonsai, and is characterized in that the stump bonsai is characterized in that a trunk of the stump is bent and turned over, and is hung in a sagging manner, and the stump bonsai is divided into a full cliff type, a half cliff type and a reverse hanging cliff type. The stump of the cliff type bonsai is different from the stump of the general bonsai due to the characteristics of bending, overturning, sagging and hanging of the trunk of the stump. And (3) manufacturing cliff type stump bonsais, namely selecting stumps with cliff type bonsai foundation manufactured in the beginning in nature, and cultivating to form unique individual shapes. In nature, the stumps with cliff type bonsai foundation are long in time consumption, low in probability and incapable of mass production, the stumps in nature are excavated, ecological resources are destroyed, and the bonsai modeling is limited by the original modeling of the stumps.

Plum blossom is a national flower and has deep culture foundation. Mei Huapen the depth of field is favored by people in China, cliff type plum blossom bonsai is a rare treasures in plum blossom bonsai, and tree piles for manufacturing cliff type plum blossom bonsai foundation are usually adopted in the nature for cultivation, but in the nature, the plum piles for manufacturing cliff type plum blossom foundation are very rare, cannot be produced in batches, mei Zhuang in the nature is dug, ecological resources are destroyed, and the shape of the bonsai is limited by the original shape of the plum piles.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a plum blossom cliff type bonsai batch cultivation method for realizing flexible design of cultivation modeling of the plum blossom cliff type bonsai for protecting ecological resources, batch cultivation and standardization and rapid purpose.

A batch cultivation method for plum blossom cliff type bonsais comprises the following steps:

the three stages of main stem cultivation, field cultivation and basin-in maintenance are all operated from the leaf of plum blossom to the end of year;

(1) Potted plant cultivation trunk

Culturing a first section of a trunk: in the first year, after overwintering to the end of the year, vertically planting plum seedlings in a basin, cutting off the trunk of the plum seedlings according to the designed height, cutting off the trunk at the position of 5-10cm, inclining the basin according to the designed angle of the first stage (inclining the basin by 90 degrees in the opposite direction to the side branches of the remained plum seedlings), cutting off the buds to face upwards, leading the basin mouth to face the designed direction, after 3-4 new branches are drawn out, the branches developed by the cut-off buds are not inhibited, the branches grow according to the designed angle, and are bound, the first trunk of the cliff type bonsai developed by the cut-off buds reaches the designed angle, the rest new branches are cultivated by auxiliary branch cultivation, the trunk is promoted to be thickened, after the trunk reaches the thickness of the first stage, the trunk is cut off according to the designed length, the branches are left after cutting off, the branches are partially thinned off according to the requirement of the next step, the rest pruning is continued to be cultivated by auxiliary branch cultivation, and the quantity of the auxiliary branch cultivation is continued according to the thickness proportion of each trunk;

Other sections of the cultivation backbone: after the first section of the trunk is cut off, the basin opening is closed according to the designed second section angle requirement of the trunk, the basin is inverted, watering is carried out to permeate from the bottom of the original basin, new branches of the cut buds are promoted to be extracted according to the design requirement, the position of the plum blossom cliff type trunk is cut off according to the design requirement, the plum blossom cliff type trunk grows according to the designed second section angle and is bound, other branches are cultivated as auxiliary branches, further trunk thickening is promoted, after at least one period of cultivation, when the second section of the trunk reaches the designed thickness, branches are cut off according to the designed second section length, after the cut is left, part of branches are thinned according to the next requirement, the rest branches are trimmed and shaped, the auxiliary branches are cultivated continuously, the thinning quantity and the quantity of the auxiliary branches cultivated continuously are determined according to the thickness proportion of each section of the trunk, the auxiliary branches on the first section are processed, and the like, the third section, the fourth section or other sections of the trunk are cultivated, and the trunk of the cliff type model is shaped;

(2) And (5) field cultivation: building a dike in a field, transplanting the embryonic form of the plum blossom cliff-shaped bonsai cultivated in the stage 1) to the side of the dike in the winter to the annual end, wherein the transplanting angle is the angle of selling and developing, continuing cultivation and maintenance, and carrying out modeling and shaping, wherein the important point is to accelerate the growth of stumps and the shaping of crowns;

(3) Basin filling maintenance: after cultivation for at least two years, the formed plum blossom cliff type bonsai needs to be put into a pot for maintenance from winter to year bottom before being sold, and the pot is cured for at least one year by adopting measures such as pot culture fertilizer and water management, synergistic control of plant diseases and insect pests and the like; if the tree is always cultivated in the basin, the basin is just required to be placed again, the stump crown is trimmed, and the tree is cultivated for 1 to 3 years, so that the tree can be sold or developed.

In addition, the batch cultivation method of the plum blossom cliff type bonsai comprises the following steps:

the three stages of field planting, digging out, re-planting and basin-filling maintenance are carried out after the plum blossom leaves fall to the end of the year;

(1) Land planting:

planting plum tree seedlings at a preset side of a dyke according to a designed angle until the end of the year, covering soil at the root and stem parts after planting, cutting off the trunk of the plum tree seedlings at a position of 5-10cm, cutting off the buds upwards, cutting off the buds to the north, sucking out a plurality of new branches, allowing the branches developed by the cutting off buds to grow obliquely upwards and south, binding the other new branches if necessary, and culturing the other new branches as auxiliary branches on the premise of not influencing the growth of the branches developed by the cutting off buds. Cutting off branches developed by cutting off buds through at least one year of culture, cutting off the branches according to the designed length when the branches reach the thickness of the first stage, removing part of the branches left after cutting off according to the requirement of the next step, continuing to culture auxiliary branches after the rest of the branches are trimmed and shaped, and determining the removing quantity and the quantity of the auxiliary branches according to the thickness proportion of each section of the trunk;

(2) Digging out and replanting:

after the first-stage cultivation is completed, the seedlings are dug out in the beginning of winter and spring in the second year of field cultivation, the seedlings are planted reversely according to the normal direction of the seedlings, soil is covered after the reverse cultivation, at the moment, the cut buds are positioned on the seedlings, the cut buds grow upwards after new branches are pulled out, the seedlings grow according to the designed second-stage angle, binding is carried out, other branches are cultivated as auxiliary branches, the trunk thickening is further promoted, after at least one period of cultivation, when the second-stage trunk reaches the designed thickness, the branches left after the short cutting are shortened according to the designed second-stage length, part of the branches left after the short cutting are thinned according to the requirement of the next step, the rest of the branches are trimmed and shaped, the auxiliary branches are cultivated continuously, the thinning quantity and the quantity of the auxiliary branches cultivated are determined by design according to the thickness proportion of each stage of the trunk, the auxiliary branches reserved at the moment comprise auxiliary branches in the first stage, and the like, and the trunk is cultivated in the third stage, the fourth stage or other stages, and the shaggy bonsai model is shaped;

after the trunk cultivation of each section is finished, the plum pile with the cliff type bonsai embryonic form is planted on the lifting side according to the final forming angle according to the designed final planting angle from winter to year end, and is trimmed and shaped to promote the rapid growth of the plum pile;

(3) Basin filling maintenance: after at least two years of cultivation, the formed plum blossom cliff type bonsai needs to be put into a pot for maintenance before being sold, trimmed according to design requirements, then transplanted into the pot, and the pot is sold after at least one year of maintenance by adopting synergistic control measures of fertilizer and water management and plant diseases and insect pests of the pot.

The two plum blossom cliff type bonsai batch cultivation methods relate to the control of the angles and the directions of each section of the trunk of the plum blossom cliff type bonsai stump in each stage: after the angles and directions of the trunk sections of the trunk of the quincuncial cliff bonsai stump are designed in advance, the planting angle, the cutting opening direction and the cutting opening bud direction of the quincuncial cliff bonsai stump are adjusted, and binding is used for assisting in achieving the quincuncial cliff bonsai stump;

(1) Planting angle: plum blossom twigs have upward growth habit, after the twigs are lignified, the shape of the twigs is fixed, the twigs are not changed after the placement angle is changed, and plum blossom cliff type bonsai stump trunks which are bent for a plurality of times according to the design angle and the orientation can be formed through planting at different angles or changing the placement angle for a plurality of times;

(2) The cutting direction is as follows: after the branches are cut off, the cutting opening is north, the joint of the upper cutting bud and the old branch forms an acute angle, the cutting opening is south, and the joint of the upper cutting bud and the old branch forms an obtuse angle;

(3) Cutting the bud orientation: the cut buds are positioned at different positions of the branches, and the developed twigs incline towards corresponding directions, so that the trunk of the plum blossom cliff type bonsai inclines towards corresponding directions;

(4) Binding the extracted twigs to the design position, and enabling the angles and directions of all sections of the trunk of the plum blossom cliff type bonsai to more accurately meet the design requirement while obtaining the growth quantity which is approximately the same as that of normal planting.

The two plum blossom cliff type bonsai batch cultivation methods relate to the control of the length of the trunk of the plum blossom cliff type bonsai stump section by section, and are realized by cutting according to the design length when branches which are taken as the trunk of the plum blossom cliff type bonsai stump grow for at least one year and reach the required length and thickness;

the related quincuncial cliff type bonsai stump trunk section-by-section roughness control means that in spring every year, after the quincuncial is germinated, part of buds on each section are wiped off, the branches on each section are picked off in summer, the branches on each section are thinned off after leaves fall, and the adverse growth influence of auxiliary branches on the trunk is reduced, and meanwhile the trunk section-by-section roughness control is realized;

pruning and shaping the quincuncial cliff bonsai, namely reserving a trunk, removing redundant branches outside the trunk, chopping the branches reserved outside the trunk, reserving only pile heads with proper lengths, re-pumping the branches, and shaping to finally obtain the quincuncial cliff bonsai required by design;

The plum blossom cliff type bonsai growth speed control method comprises the steps of planting time, re-planting or changing a placement angle after finishing a stage growth target, increasing field cultivation time, strengthening fertilizer and water management, and performing disease and insect cooperative control work:

(1) All planting and basin-entering of the plum blossom are carried out until the winter reaches the end of the year, and the growth amount in the year is larger than that of the plum blossom after the transplanting and basin-entering after the year;

(2) After the stage growth target is reached, the planting angle is changed, the growing quantity of the plum blossom twigs growing upwards is larger than that of twigs growing obliquely and is larger than that of twigs growing horizontally, and the twigs which are pre-used as trunks can always grow upwards by the aid of the planting angle is changed, so that the growing quantity of trunks is increased;

(3) The cultivation time of the field is increased, and under the condition that the diameter of the stump is at least 5 cm, the cultivation growth amount of the plum blossom field is larger than that of a pot plant, and the cultivation time is increased by more than half a year.

(4) Fertilizer and water management is divided into two cases: potted plants and field cultivation;

1) Potting: adopts farmland plough layer soil, and adds 1% compound fertilizer (N15% and K) ₂ O15％、P ₂ O ₅ 15%) as culture medium, and pouring 1% compound fertilizer (containing N15% and K) in the last ten days of 3 months, the first 5 months and the last 6 months ₂ O15％、P ₂ O ₅ 15 percent) water solution, watering and moisturizing work is carried out at ordinary times;

2) And (3) field cultivation: applying 40 g/plant, 60 g/plant, 25 g/plant and 25 g/plant of urea respectively in the middle of 3 months, the last of 4 months, the last of 5 months and the last of 8 months each year; applying 33 g/strain and 67 g/strain of potassium oxide respectively in the last ten days of 3 months and 5 months; all-weather potassium oxide spreading, and mixing fine soil before urea rain; covering soil after ditch application of 200g of calcium superphosphate per plant for 10 months in 9 months; in each year, the fertilizer consumption is increased along with the increase of plum blossom stumps, the increase is in direct proportion to the diameter of the stump base, the fertilizer type and proportion are unchanged in each time period, and the maximum fertilizer consumption is reduced to 40Kg of urea, 30Kg of potassium oxide and 50Kg of calcium superphosphate per mu all year; the soil moisture is preserved in the raindrop-free irrigation of the plum blossom during the growth period, the water consumption is the water seepage of the furrow, the rain quantity is smoothly prolonged for 1 day every 3mm, the water accumulation is avoided in the rainy season at most for 5 days;

(5) Synergistic control of plant diseases and insect pests: 1000 times of 40% thiophanate methyl is sprayed every other week from 3 months to 4 months each year, and 2000 times of 2% beta-cypermethrin emulsifiable concentrate and 5000 times of 25% avermectin emulsifiable concentrate and 2000 times of spirotetramat suspending liquid are sprayed when aphids, scale insects or psyllids are present; in the middle of 5 months, 3-4 kg of 90% trichlorfon crystals are spread after mixing fine soil per mu before rain; when red spider is damaged, spraying 5000 times of 2% avermectin emulsifiable solution and 4000 times of 34% spirodiclofen suspension; when bacterial perforation occurs, 500 times of 25% of wettable powder of the metconazole is sprayed.

By adopting the technical scheme, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. the cultivation method for improving the overall growth speed and in-pot maintenance by controlling the angle, the length and the coarseness of the quincuncial cliff bonsai stumps section by section solves the problems of difficult field searching and digging of the quincuncial cliff bonsai stumps, multiple conventional cultivation technology difficulties and high requirements, realizes batch, large-scale and commercialized cultivation of the quincuncial cliff bonsai, ensures that the manufactured cliff bonsai model can be determined according to design, has rich artistic connotation and wide audience and market prospect.

2. For the planted nursery stock, a method of inclining by a certain angle during planting and then placing or transplanting to a proper position to reach the design requirement angle is adopted, so that the method of modeling the bonsai is enriched, the upward growth habit of plum branches is complied, compared with the binding of the growing tender branches, the growing speed is obviously improved, the modeling is more natural, the length, length and thickness of new branches in the current year are obviously improved, and the operation is simpler; the shearing opening orientation during planting is applied to the modeling method, so that the branches can be inclined upwards after planting and flat-laying in the south, an obtuse angle is formed between the branches and the old branches, and the branches are inclined downwards after planting and flat-laying in the north, an acute angle is formed between the branches and the old branches, so that the modeling method is enriched; the reasonable selection of the cutting buds is improved, and the effect of moderately bending the branches is achieved.

3. The invention clarifies the interrelation of the leaves on different branches of the plum blossom to the growth of different branches, solves the key technology of controlling the length, the thickness and the growth speed section by section in the cultivation process of the trunk of the cliff type bonsai stump, and is matched with the binding technology, thereby realizing the design of the plum blossom cliff type bonsai modeling by using the technology, and realizing the controllable cultivation process and high mass production degree.

4. Through a large number of experiments, the invention adopts the technical scheme of batch cultivation and rapid growth of cliff bonsai, and mainly adopts a whole set of stump cultivation technology, thereby increasing the field cultivation time and strengthening the whole set of measures such as fertilizer and water management, pest control work and the like.

The invention has obvious effect in the manufacturing of the plum blossom bonsai without tin Feng Shimei garden, and the cliff bonsai is easy to sell and has great market value.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the present invention, taking as an example cultivation of a reverse hanging cliff type plum blossom stump bonsai.

In the figure: a is a cutting part when the plum blossom is planted in the first year. B is a short cut part of the bonsai stump after one year of growth. C, cutting off the stumps after the second year of growth. D, cutting off the stumps of the bonsai after the third year.

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a plum tree structure.

Detailed Description

The invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying examples and specific embodiments.

The plum blossom cliff type bonsai batch cultivation method can be divided into two main types: firstly, three stages of potting, transplanting to a field and basin curing are carried out; secondly, carrying out field flat planting, digging out and replanting (reverse planting) and basin-filling maintenance.

Firstly, cultivating in three stages of potting, field cultivation and basin curing, namely cultivating cliff type bonsai trunk embryonic form in the basin, transplanting the field, and finishing bonsai trunk and bonsai cultivation.

The method comprises the following specific steps:

1) Potting: in the first year, vertically planting plum blossom seedlings in a pot, cutting the seedlings at a proper position, tilting the pot by 90 degrees, enabling the cut buds to face upwards, enabling the pot mouth to face north, and after 3-4 new branches are extracted, enabling the branches developed by the cut buds to grow upwards and south without inhibition, and enabling the rest of new branches to be cultivated as auxiliary cultivation branches so as to promote thickening of the base part of the plum blossom trunk. After fallen leaves, cutting off branches developed by cutting off buds at a proper position, and cultivating the rest branches in the current year by thinning or carrying out auxiliary cultivation; the pot mouth is closed in the next year, the pot is inverted, watering is carried out to infiltrate from the bottom of the original pot, new branches of the cut buds are promoted to be extracted according to design requirements, cutting is carried out at a proper position, reasonable pruning is carried out, and auxiliary branches are cultivated; in the third year, the pot is still inverted, new branches of the cut buds are promoted to be extracted according to the design requirement, the cut branches are cut at proper positions, the branches are reasonably trimmed, auxiliary branches are cultivated, and the cliff type bonsai modeling embryonic form is already present.

2) And (5) field cultivation: the rudiments of the plum blossom cliff type bonsai are moved into a field for continuous cultivation for years, a dike is built in the field, stumps with designed rudiments are planted on the dike side, cultivation and maintenance are continuously carried out according to the design requirement, and molding is still carried out.

3) Basin filling maintenance: after at least two years of cultivation, the formed plum blossom cliff type bonsai needs to be put into a pot for maintenance before being sold. Pruning according to the design requirement, transplanting into a basin, adopting proper measures, and selling after one to several years of maintenance. The specific description is as follows: if the tree is always cultivated in the basin, the basin is just required to be placed again, the stump crown is trimmed, and the tree is cultivated for 1 to 3 years, so that the tree can be sold or developed.

Secondly, finishing the modeling of cliff type bonsai trunk and bonsai in the field by field flat planting, digging out, replanting and basin-entering maintenance fingers, and then basin-entering maintenance to obtain the finished product.

The method comprises the following specific steps:

1) Land planting: when plum seedlings are directly planted on the side of a pre-built dike, soil is covered after planting, cutting is performed at a proper position, cutting buds face upwards, cutting ports face north, after a plurality of new branches are extracted, the branches developed by the cutting port buds are not inhibited, the new branches grow obliquely upwards and south, and the rest of the new branches are cultivated as auxiliary branches under the premise of not influencing the development of the cutting port buds. After the fallen leaves, the branches developed by cutting the buds are cut off at a proper position.

2) Digging out and replanting (reverse planting): in the second year of field planting, the seedlings are planted in the reverse direction after being dug out in winter and spring, soil is covered after the seedling is planted in the reverse direction, the cutting buds are positioned on the seedlings in the last year, new branches are pulled out by the cutting buds and grow upwards, and the rest branches are cultivated in an auxiliary cultivation mode. Cutting off branches of the buds after fallen leaves, cutting off the branches at a proper position, and properly trimming the rest branches to culture auxiliary branches; the new branches can be promoted to be extracted according to the design requirement, the new branches are cut at proper positions, the branches are reasonably trimmed, and the auxiliary branch-raising cultivation cliff type bonsai modeling embryonic form is developed.

3) Basin filling maintenance: after many years of cultivation, the formed plum blossom cliff type bonsai needs to be put into a pot for maintenance before being sold. Pruning according to the design requirement, transplanting into a basin, adopting proper measures, and selling after one to several years of maintenance.

And thirdly, selecting planting, transplanting and basin-entering time determination by the two methods. Experiments prove that the growth of plum blossom seedlings planted from the back of fallen leaves to the front of the year is larger than that of the seedlings planted after the year in the first year, and the growth of the plum blossom seedlings in the current year in the second year is consistent, but the total growth of the seedlings is continued due to the difference of the first year. The specific see the following experiments: the experiment is divided into two different planting modes of potting and field flat planting; the experimental sites are all in Feng Shimei gardens of the tin-free city; it is noted in particular that: the ground diameter is the diameter of the position 3 cm away from the ground, the transverse diameter and the vertical diameter are measured by a vernier caliper, and the average value is calculated as a measurement result.

Experiment 1: potted plants at different time (two modes of vertical planting and horizontal planting)

Firstly, making 20 cm-20 cm wooden box, after the nails are nailed on all sides of the wooden box, opening the wooden box, closing the nails, when it is used for cultivation, making water-permeable holes on the bottom surface, adopting soil of field cultivation layer, adding 1% compound fertilizer (containing N15% and K) ₂ O15％、P ₂ O ₅ 15%) are evenly mixed and filled with a box to be used as a cultivation substrate, the seedling is transplanted after root cutting in winter for one year, the seedling is transplanted after one year, the seedling is grown again for two years with the height of about 1-1.2 m and the ground diameter of 1.5-1.8 cm, the seedling is planted in the vertical and vertical modes in the mode of 30 days of 11 months, 30 days of 12 months, 30 days of 1 month, 28 days of 2 months and 30 days of 3 months in 2009, and the relevant test is repeated in the mode of 30 days of 11 months, 30 days of 12 months, 30 days of 2012, 30 days of 1 month, 28 days of 2 months and 30 days of 3 months. The flat planting is to tilt 900 the sealed upper surface of the vertical planting to the side surface, and the side surface is provided with holes to enable the seedlings to extend out without affecting the seedling growthLong, the top box plate is removed after tilting. Each treatment was carried out in 5 groups of 10 plants each, and 10 cm sections were left after cultivation. The strongest branches are left to grow after 10 days of germination in the first year after cultivation, the rest are wiped off, and pruning is not performed any more in the second year. Each treatment group is managed in the same pot culture mode, and average tree height growth amount, average ground diameter growth amount, average tree height growth amount and average ground diameter growth amount in three years are counted in winter after one year, two years and three years after the growth after the cultivation.

TABLE 1.1 effects of different time potted plant vertical planting on plum seedling growth

Units of cm

TABLE 1.2 Effect of potting horizontal planting at different times on plum seedling growth

Units of cm

From tables 1.1 and 1.2, it can be seen that in the first year of planting, the growth amount of planting before the year is significantly larger than that of planting after the year, and the growth amount of each treatment in the same year is basically consistent from the second year, and the average ground diameter growth amount and the average height growth amount of planting before the first year are all larger than those of planting after the year due to the difference of the growth amounts of the first year. The amount of growth for vertical planting is generally greater than that for horizontal planting.

Experiment 2: different time field planting (divided into vertical planting and horizontal planting)

Selecting annual seedling of biennial plum blossom with height of about 1-1.2 m and ground diameter of 1.5-1.8 cm after cutting main root in winter and growing again, planting in fields of 11 months 30, 12 months 30, 1 month 30, 2 months 28 and 3 months 30 in 2009, and vertical and horizontal planting mode, wherein plant row spacing is 1.5 m. The method is characterized in that the method is used for flat planting on the side of a dyke, in order to promote the growth of plum seedlings and prevent soil erosion, the soil is covered for 10 cm after planting, holes are reserved in the direction of the tips of the plum seedlings, the plum seedlings are penetrated out, 5 groups of 10 plants are treated each year, 10 plants are all left for 10 cm to be truncated after planting, the strongest branches are left for growth after 10 days of germination in the first year after planting, the rest branches are wiped off, the pruning is not performed after the second year, the treatment groups are managed in the same way, and the average tree height growth amount, the average ground diameter growth amount, the average tree height growth amount and the average ground diameter growth amount are counted in winter after one year, two years and three years after planting. The method comprises the steps of planting 11 months and 30 days in 2011, 12 months and 30 days in 2012, 1 month and 30 days in 2 months and 28 days in 3 months in the manner described above, and managing and counting results according to the same method after planting.

TABLE 2.1 influence of vertical planting in different time fields on the growth of plum seedlings

Units of cm

TABLE 2.2 effects of horizontal planting in fields at different times on the growth of plum seedlings

Units of cm

As can be seen from tables 2.1 and 2.2, in the first year of field planting, the growth amount of planting before the year is significantly larger than that of planting after the year, and the growth amount of each treatment in the same year is basically consistent from the second year, and the average ground diameter growth amount and the average height growth amount of planting before the year are all larger than those of planting after the year due to the difference of the growth amounts of the first year. The growth amount of the vertical planting is larger than that of the horizontal planting in the first year, and the two growth amounts have no obvious difference from the second year.

Comparison of experiment 1 and experiment 2: compared with field planting, the field planting of the potted plant in each year is larger than that of the potted plant, and the field planting in the second year and the third year has more obvious advantages compared with the potted plant. In order to accelerate the formation speed of root piles, generally, plum blossom root piles are cultivated in a field.

And (IV) each stage of cultivation of the quincuncial cliff type bonsai needs to involve the angle control of each stage of stump. The required angles of each section of the plum blossom cliff type stump bonsai stump are realized by adopting the measures of adjusting the planting angle and the cutting orientation of the plum blossom, selecting the cutting bud orientation, binding and the like.

1) And adjusting the planting angle of the plum blossom. The new plum blossom branches are subjected to the action of gravity, have upward growth habit, have different angles during planting, and after the new plum blossom branches which grow vertically upward with the horizontal plane change the placing angle, the new plum blossom branches form a designed angle with the horizontal plane. The plum blossom seedlings planted in this way are planted in a field or in a field by changing the placement angle for many times, and the growth speed is basically maintained under the condition that the trunk is bent for many times according to the design direction. If the planting is cut into a short length, flat planting and cut into a short length, the planting is restored to the original natural planting direction again, an inverted U-shaped structure can be formed, the growth of each planting is reduced except for the first year, and the growth of each planting is similar to that of plum blossom which is normally planted vertically. After plum blossom is planted according to the normal planting direction, a trunk with an inverted U-shaped structure is required to be bound, the situation that main branches grow horizontally and sags occurs after binding, a plurality of upwards-grown sprouts grow on the main branches growing horizontally and sags, the growth speed of the sprouts is far greater than that of the main branches, new branches germinate again after the sprouts are thinned, the growth speed of the new branches germinating again is still greater than that of the main branches, and the main branches are repeatedly formed slowly and even cannot be formed. After different planting angles or different placement angles are adopted, the forming speed of the main branches can be obviously improved.

Experiment 3: different planting angles (including horizontal planting and vertical planting) of potted plants and field planting

Table 3.1 effects of potting horizontal and vertical planting on plum blossom seedling growth.

Units: cm of

It can be seen from table 3.1 that the ground diameter and the tree height are vertically planted in the first year, which is significantly higher than the horizontal planting, and the ground diameter and the tree height are vertically planted in the second year, which is slightly higher than the horizontal planting, without the difference being reduced by the third year.

TABLE 3.2 influence of field horizontal and vertical planting on plum blossom seedling growth

Units: cm of

As can be seen from Table 3.2, the ground diameter and the tree height are vertically planted in the first year, which is significantly larger than that in the horizontal planting, and the ground diameter and the tree height have no obvious difference from the second year, and the total ground diameter growth amount and the tree height growth amount tend to be consistent from the third year.

Comparison is made between table 3.1 and table 3.2: by the third year, the ground diameter growth amount and the vertical growth amount are all obviously smaller than those of the experiment 4 of field planting: reverse planting

And in the year 12 in 2013, 20 seedlings with good root growth and ground diameter difference within 0.3 cm are selected for field flat planting growth for one year, the root system is excavated from the soil, the root system is uniformly trimmed before planting, 20 cm short cuts are reserved for branches which grow lignified in the year, and the branches are divided into two groups of 10 plants after the short cuts. Group A: planting in the field in the opposite direction to the natural growth of seedling, covering root near the root with soil for 10 cm, and inverting; group B: still planted in the field in the original flat planting mode, and the root part near the root part is covered with soil for 10 cm after planting. The base part of each group of all seedlings is left with the thickest branches after defoliation, the base parts of the thickest branches are left for 20 cm for cutting, the rest branches of the current year are thinned after defoliation, the trunk is counted after defoliation in 2014, 2015 and 2016, and the average diameter growth quantity of the base parts of the thickest branches in 2014, 2015 and 2016 is counted.

TABLE 4.1 effect of reverse planting on the growth of plum seedlings

Units: cm of

Note that: the branches in the table refer to the thickest branches which are drawn, and the diameter is the average value of the transverse diameter and the vertical diameter.

Experiments show that after the seedlings of the group A are planted reversely, the original upward branches become flat planted, the extracted branches grow upwards, and the trunk forms a U-shaped structure after being cut. And (5) continuing upward growth of the group B flat planting to form an L-shaped structure. The quantity of branches sent out by the group A in the first year is more than that sent out by the group B, and the quantity of branches tends to be consistent with that of the group B later, and the two groups are not greatly different from the aspect of the coarse growth quantity of branches in each year.

The influence of different planting angles on plum blossom growth is integrated, and as the plum blossom growth is upward after planting and sprouting, the growth amounts of the second year and the third year tend to be consistent except for the difference of the growth amounts of the first year of planting, and further experiments show that the growth amounts of the subsequent years have great similarity. But after the direction of the planting angles is changed again, the requirements of different modeling of the trunk of the cliff type bonsai can be met.

2) And selecting the orientation of the shearing opening. The plum blossom is strong in light, before the branches are lignified, the cut opening is planted in the south direction, the shoots which develop by cutting the buds upwards are inclined in the south direction, after the branches are lignified, the shoots are inclined upwards through overturning, form an obtuse angle with the old shoots, are planted in the north direction, the shoots are still inclined in the south direction, and after the branches are lignified, the shoots are inclined downwards through overturning, and form an acute angle with the old shoots.

3) And selecting the cutting bud orientation. The directions of the shearing buds are different, the directions of the extracted branches are different, the branches developed by buds at two sides are inclined out of two sides, the branches developed by buds at the upper side grow upwards, and the branches developed by buds at the lower position are easy to form branches which grow downwards and horizontally after being bound.

The plum blossom planting angle is comprehensively adjusted, the cutting opening direction and the cutting opening bud direction during planting are selected, the binding measure is adopted, the twigs can be placed at proper positions, the twigs can be shaped after lignification, and the growth angles of all sections of the stumps can meet the design requirements.

4) The planting time of the plum blossom seedlings is from the leaf falling time to the end of the year; binding is adopted before the tender branch is lignified.

And (V) each stage of cultivation of the quincuncial cliff type bonsai needs to involve control of the length of the stump section by section. The length of the quincuncial cliff bonsai stumps section by section is formed by promoting growth and cutting branches. And cutting according to the designed length in winter, so as to achieve the length of each section required by design.

And (six) each stage of cultivation of the quincuncial cliff type bonsai needs to involve control of the stump section-by-section thickness. The thickening of the plum blossom same-level branches has independence; the leaves on each stage of branches have thickening effect on the upper stage of branches directly connected with the lower part of the branch point, have no thickening effect on the branches at the upper part of the branch point, and the lower branches and leaves of all the plum blossom have no thickening effect on the branches at the upper part. The quincuncial bonsai is characterized in that the section-by-section branch roughness is determined by the quantity and the growth time of the branches and leaves above the sections under the conditions of soil, illumination, water and fertilizer conditions and the control level of diseases and insect pests, and the section-by-section roughness can be adjusted by controlling the quantity and the retention time of the branches and leaves of each part of the plant, so that the section-by-section roughness of the stump meets the design requirement.

Experiment 5 and theoretical analysis: interaction of growth between shoots at different locations

The test is designed for clarifying the mutual influence of growth among branches at different positions of the plum blossom. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a plum tree. a is a trunk, b is a primary branch, c, d, e, f, g is a secondary branch, the branch point of d is less than c, and the branch points of e, g and f are sequentially improved. The experiment focuses on researching the interrelation of growth among the same-level branch strips at different positions, wherein the influence of the second-level branch on the growth of the first-level branch and the influence of the first-level branch on the growth of the trunk are studied.

(1) Correlation between two-stage branch growth at different positions

Group C: the first treatment, selecting two secondary branches with different branch points on the primary branch, removing all leaves on the same secondary branch every three days until plum blossom leaves fall, and reserving the leaves of the other branch; the test results show that no matter which branch is removed, the branch stops growing after the leaf is removed, and the other branch continues to grow, which indicates that the growth of the secondary branches is independent. Further experiments show that when the leaves of one secondary branch on the primary branch are removed, the growth amount of other secondary branches is increased, namely, the secondary branches can achieve the purpose of controlling the growth amount by controlling the amount of the leaves on the secondary branches.

(2) Interrelationship between the growth of primary branches at different sites

Selecting two primary branches with different branch points on a trunk, removing all leaves on the same primary branch until plum blossom leaves are fallen every three days, and reserving leaves of the other branch. Further experiments show that when the leaves of one first-stage branch on the main branch are removed, the growth amount of other first-stage branches is increased, namely the first-stage branches can achieve the purpose of controlling the growth amount by controlling the amount of the leaves on the first-stage branches.

(3) Interrelationship between different height shoot growth

The branches with different heights are subjected to leaf removal treatment, the interrelation of the growth among the branches is observed, and test results show that the upper secondary branches have growth promotion effect on the lower upper branches connected with the upper secondary branches, have no growth promotion effect on the upper branches, and the interrelation can be analogized to the branches of each level.

The test of the interrelation of the growth of the branches among different positions provides a practical basis for controlling the thickness of branches of each stage in the bonsai production, namely the growth among branches of the same stage is mutually independent, the growth speed of the branches is determined by the quantity of the upper branches and the leaves, the growth promotion effect of the upper secondary branches among the branches of different stages on the lower upper branches connected with the branches is achieved, the growth promotion effect of the upper secondary branches is not achieved, and the relation can be analogized to the branches of each stage. The number of leaves on each stage of shoots determines the rate at which they grow.

Experiment 6: growth rhythm (plum blossom branch length and ground warp thickness) (divided into potted plant and field planting)

Firstly, making 20 cm-20 cm wooden box, after the nails are nailed on all sides of the wooden box, opening and closing the nails, when it is used for cultivation, making water-permeable holes on the bottom surface, adopting the soil of field cultivation layer, adding 1% compound fertilizer (containing N15% and K) ₂ O15％、P ₂ O ₅ 15%) are evenly mixed and then filled with boxes to be used as cultivation matrixes, plum seedlings are planted in the cultivation matrixes, and group D is divided into 2010, 2011 and 2012 after two years of growth: vertical planting area cultivated in a pot, group E: in the potting horizontal planting area, 5 standard plants transplanted for 2 years are selected in each group each year, under normal management conditions, the unfolding time of the first leaf is recorded, and the growth length of the longest three branches (the three branches are still measured later) on each standard plant is measured at the bottom of 4 months, the bottom of 5 months, the bottom of 6 months, the bottom of 8 months and the bottom of 11 months, so that the average length of 15 branches on the five standard plants is calculated. And simultaneously, recording the root growth coarseness of 5 standard strains at the bottom of 2 months, the bottom of 4 months, the bottom of 5 months, the bottom of 6 months, the bottom of 8 months and the bottom of 11 months respectively, and obtaining the average root coarse growth amount of each period.

TABLE 6.1 statistical table for observation of growth rhythms of potted plum blossom

Units: cm of

2010. Group F in 2011, 2012: vertical planting area of field, group G: in the horizontal planting area, 5 standard plants transplanted for 2 years are selected in each group each year, under normal management conditions, the unfolding time of the first leaf is recorded, the growth length of the longest three branches on each standard plant is measured at the bottom of 4 months, the bottom of 5 months, the bottom of 6 months, the bottom of 8 months and the bottom of 11 months (the three branches are still measured later), the average length of 15 branches on five standard plants is calculated, and the root growth coarseness of 5 standard plants is measured at the bottom of 2 months, the bottom of 4 months, the bottom of 5 months, the bottom of 6 months, the bottom of 8 months and the bottom of 11 months, so that the average coarse growth quantity of the ground stems in each period is obtained.

TABLE 6.2 statistical table for observing growth rhythms of field planting plum blossom

Units: cm of

Three years of observation prove that the plum blossom branches cultivated in the field mainly grow for 4 to 6 months, the growth amount is maximum in 5 months, most plum blossom branches at the bottom of 6 months are sealed, the thick growth of plum blossom rootstocks mainly grow for 5 months to 6 months, the growth amount is maximum in 5 months, and the growth amount is 6 months. The difference in growth amount between vertical cultivation and flat cultivation is not large. The vertical planting and the flat planting have no obvious difference in the development period.

According to the comparison of Table 6.1 and Table 6.2, the amount of growth after potting is much smaller than that of field cultivation due to limited soil. However, the pot culture is earlier than the field planting germination date, but the growth rhythm is not obviously changed, and the growth amount of the vertical pot culture and the horizontal pot culture is not large.

And (seventh) shaping the plum blossom cliff type bonsai. Pruning and modeling the plum blossom cliff type bonsai stumps. The method comprises the steps of reserving a trunk, thinning redundant branches outside the trunk, chopping the branches reserved outside the trunk, reserving pile heads with proper lengths when necessary, enabling the branches to be extracted again, modeling, and finally obtaining the plum blossom cliff type bonsai required by design, and transplanting the bonsai into a basin for maintenance after the forming.

And (eight) accelerating the growth speed of the plum blossom cliff type bonsai stump. The whole growth speed of the plum blossom bonsai can be accelerated by field planting, and when the cliff bonsai stumps are cultivated in batches, measures such as high-rise lifting, field flat planting, soil covering after planting, transplanting, fertilizer and water management strengthening, pest control and the like are adopted, so that the number of branches of the stumps from section to section is increased, the stumps are kept for a longer time, and the rapid growth of the stumps can be promoted. After the plum blossom cliff type bonsai is molded, the field cultivation is adopted, and the growth speed can be increased.

1. Plum blossom fertilizer and water management measure

1) Potted plant fertilizer and water management measures: mixing with 1% compound fertilizer (containing N15% and K) ₂ O15％、P ₂ O ₅ 15% of garden soil is used as a matrix, and 1% of compound fertilizer (containing N15% and K) is irrigated in the middle ten days of 3 months, the last ten days of 4 months, the last ten days of 5 months and the last ten days of 8 months each year ₂ O15％、P ₂ O ₅ 15%) of the aqueous solution.

2) The fertilizer and water management measures for field cultivation: applying 40 g/plant, 60 g/plant, 25 g/plant and 25 g/plant of urea respectively in the middle of 3 months, the last of 4 months, the last of 5 months and the last of 8 months each year; applying 33 g/strain and 67 g/strain of potassium oxide respectively in the last ten days of 3 months and 5 months; all-weather potassium oxide spreading, and mixing fine soil before urea rain; applying 200g of calcium superphosphate to a ditch of 10 months from 9 months, and covering soil after ditch application; during the growth period of plum blossom, no raindrop is used for irrigation and soil moisture conservation for one week, and the field ponding is stopped in rainy season.

Related root stump rapid forming tests have been carried out in Feng Shimei garden in the tin-free city, and in cliff type bonsai production, fertilizers have similar effects on stump formation, and in cliff type bonsai stump production, tests are carried out by referring to the root stump rapid forming method. The root pile rapid test mainly researches the influence of three elements of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium on the growth of plum blossom. Firstly, according to the quick-acting, slow-acting and slow-acting amount of nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer in soil, determining that the phosphorus fertilizer is applied once in autumn, the potassium fertilizer is applied in a secondary topdressing mode, and the nitrogen fertilizer is applied in a secondary mode. To determine the proper amount of fertilization, a single unit cell test was used.

Experiment 7.1 phosphorus fertilizer application test

In 10 early ten days of three years of 2012, 2013 and 2015, in a vertical planting area of a field in which plum blossom grows for 3 years, the line spacing is 1.5 meters, per plant 100g, 200g, 300g and 400g of superphosphoric acid is utilized, a ring David ditch with the depth of 20 cm is formed 60 cm from the trunk of the plum blossom, calcium superphosphate is uniformly applied, soil is covered, 30 standard plants are selected in each treatment, and the ground diameter is recorded. And under the condition that other management conditions are consistent, measuring the ground diameter again after the second year growth season is finished.

TABLE 7.1 statistical table of the relationship between the applied amount of phosphate and the growth amount of ground path

It can be seen that 200 g/plant is a suitable fertilizing amount of calcium superphosphate.

Experiment 7.2 Nitrogen fertilizer application test

The test is carried out in 2014, the test area is vertically planted and grown for three years, urea is adopted by the nitrogenous fertilizer in the plum blossom vertical planting area with the plant row spacing of 1.5 meters and 1.5 meters, the nitrogenous fertilizer is applied before one week of the growing period according to the growth rhythm of plum blossom branches and the growth rhythm of ground stems, and the fertilizing amount is taken as the fertilizing amount reference proportion of each period in the subsequent growing period. Before fertilization, 30 standard plants are selected for each treatment, and the ground diameter is recorded. The fertilization method is broadcasting before rain. And after fertilization, counting the growth quantity of the ground stems at the end of the growing period.

TABLE 7.2 statistics of nitrogen fertilizer application and ground diameter coarse growth

Units: g/strain; cm of

Annual fertilizing amount	3 middle ten days of month	4 late month	5 late month	8 late month	Ground diameter growth amount
						75	20	30	12.5	12.5	0.79
110	30	44	18	18	0.84
						150	40	60	25	25	0.95
200	53	80	15	32	0.96

As can be seen from the table, the growth amount before 150 g/plant was significantly increased with the increase of urea amount applied throughout the year, and the increase of the diameter of land was not obvious even after the application of urea of more than 150 g/plant.

Experiment 7.3 Potassium fertilizer application test

This test was performed in 2014. According to the growth rhythm of the quincuncial and the growth law of the potash fertilizer in the soil, determining that the potash fertilizer is applied in the proportion of 1:2 in the last 3 and the last 5 months each year, and setting three treatment groups of 70 g/plant, 100 g/plant and 140 g/plant for each plant in a quincuncial vertical planting area with a plant row spacing of 1.5 m, wherein the fertilization method is uniform broadcasting. 30 standard plants are selected for each treatment before fertilization, and the ground diameter is recorded. And under the condition that other management conditions are consistent, recording the ground diameter again after the growth season is finished, and counting the average ground diameter growth amount of each treatment.

TABLE 7.3 statistical Table of potash fertilizer application and ground diameter growth

Units: kg; cm of

Annual fertilizing amount	3 last ten days of month	Last ten days of 5 months	Ground diameter growth amount
				70 g/strain	23	47	0.77
100 g/strain	33	67	1.13
				140 g/strain	47	93	1.14

As can be seen from the table, as the amount of potassium oxide applied throughout the year increases, the amount of rootstock growth is significantly different between 70 g/plant and 100 g/plant, but the difference between 100 g/plant and 140 g/plant is not significant, and 100 g/plant per mu is preferable in actual production.

Experiment 7.4 Water supply test

The test method is as follows: the stump cultivation adopts vertical field cultivation, the plum blossom land diameter is measured when planting is carried out 2 months in 2010, drip irrigation water supply is carried out at different intervals (3 days, 5 days, 7 days and 10 days) under the same conditions of rain shielding and other cultivation conditions of a greenhouse, water seepage is carried out until soil furrows are reached, 5 trees are planted in each group until the plum blossom starts to fall, three years are continued, and the average coarse growth quantity of the land diameter is counted.

TABLE 7.4 statistical tables of different drip irrigation intervals and ground stem biomass

It can be seen from the table that drip irrigation is performed every five days, most advantageously with thick growth.

Experiment 7.5 comprehensive test of fat and water

Based on the test, a comprehensive test of water and fertilizer management is carried out in 2015 and 2016 in a plum blossom conventional nursery and a vertical cultivation area of a stump. The method comprises the following steps: applying 40 g/plant, 60 g/plant, 25 g/plant and 25 g/plant of urea respectively in the middle of 3 months, the last of 4 months, the last of 5 months and the last of 8 months each year; 33 g/strain and 67 g/strain of potassium oxide are respectively applied in the last ten days of 3 months and 5 months. Potassium oxide is spread all the time, and fine soil is mixed before urea rain. Applying 200g of calcium superphosphate to a ditch of 10 months from 9 months, and covering soil after ditch application; during the growth period of plum blossom, no raindrop is used for irrigation and soil moisture conservation for one week, and the field ponding is stopped in rainy season. The growth amount of the ground stems of the conventional nursery in 2015 and 2016 is 1.54 cm and 1.48 cm respectively. Stem growth amounts in 2015 and 2016 were 1.42 cm and 1.47 cm, respectively. The rapid strong pruning of the stumps is not caused to greatly reduce the growth quantity of the ground stems, and the possible reason is that compared with a conventional nursery garden, the rapid pruning of the stumps is greatly shortened due to the trunk of the nursery stocks, so that the influence of the reduction of the quantity of branches and leaves caused by the strong pruning on the thick growth of the rhizome parts is made up.

2. Disease and pest control measures: through many years of investigation, main diseases of plum blossom are anthracnose, brown rot, scab, bacterial perforation disease, plaster disease, gummosis disease, rust disease, coal pollution disease, powdery mildew and root cancer, and the primary infection time of the diseases is 3 months to 5 months. The plum blossom insect pest includes aphid, red spider, scale insect, psyllid, spiny moth, stinkbug, longhorn beetle, leafhopper, root knot nematode, etc. The main hazard period of aphids and leafhoppers is at the beginning of 4 months at the end of 3 months, the hazard period of stinkbug, thorn moth, scale insect and red spider is at the end of 5 months in the hatching period of longhornworms in the current year. For this purpose, the following quincuncial annual synergic control scheme is determined: the method has the advantages that in the peak period of fungus spore emission of 4 months in the last 3 months each year, 40% of thiophanate methyl 1000 times liquid is sprayed every other week, and when aphids or scale insects or psyllids exist, 2000 times of 2% of high-efficiency cypermethrin emulsifiable concentrate and 2000 times of 5000 times of 2% of avermectin emulsifiable concentrate and 25% of spirotetramat suspension are sprayed, so that the good prevention and treatment effect of all diseases and insects on plum blossom is achieved in the beginning of 5 months in the middle of 3 months, and compared with a prevention and treatment method aiming at single diseases and insects, the prevention and treatment times can be reduced, and the prevention and treatment labor is reduced. 3-4 kg of 90% trichlorfon crystals are sprayed after fine soil is mixed per mu before rain in the middle of 5 months each year, so that good prevention and control effects on leaf feeding pests, sucking mouth parts pests and root knot nematodes on plum blossom can be realized at the bottom of 5 months, and meanwhile, the initially hatched longicorn larvae are killed, and healthy growth of plum piles is effectively protected. In particular, the soil spreading method is adopted to jointly control root-knot nematodes, newly-eaten stem borers, food leaf pests and piercing-sucking mouth parts pests, meanwhile, the occurrence of coal pollution diseases is prevented, the effect of continuously controlling various pests by soil pesticide application is achieved, the duration of the pesticide is as long as 50-60 days, the pesticide is absorbed by root systems, the pesticide is conveyed to each part of plants, the concentration for killing various pests is kept in the plants for a long time, and the effects of reducing the control times and reducing the control labor are achieved. When red spider is damaged, spraying 2% abamectin emulsifiable concentrate with 5000 times and 34% spirodiclofen suspension with 4000 times. When bacterial perforation occurs, 500 times of 25% of wettable powder of the metconazole is sprayed.

Examples

1. Cultivation of plum blossom cliff type bonsai stump

The shape of the quincuncial cliff bonsai stump is mainly determined by the angle, the thickness and the length of each section of the stump, and the stump can be designed in advance and cultivated for many years. The cultivation of bonsai stump can be three stages of potting, field cultivation and basin-entering maintenance, or three stages of field flat cultivation, reverse cultivation and basin-entering maintenance.

(1) And adjusting the angles of all sections of the quincuncial cliff type bonsai stumps. The required angles of each section of the plum blossom cliff type bonsai stump are realized by adopting the measures of adjusting the plum blossom planting angle, selecting the direction during planting, selecting the cutting bud direction, binding and the like.

Cultivation of inverted plum blossom cliff type bonsai stump in FIG. 1

Potted plant, field cultivation and basin curing. First year: vertically planting plum blossom seedling in the pot, cutting at point A, and tilting the pot by 90 ⁰ After a plurality of new branches are extracted, the branches developed by the cut buds are not inhibited, the branches grow upwards and south, and the rest new branches are cultivated as auxiliary branches, so that thickening of a trunk base is promoted. After fallen leaves, the branches developed by cutting the buds are cut off at the point B, and the rest branches in the current year are thinned or removed or cultivated as auxiliary branches for continuously thickening trunks below the point A. The second year: closing the pot mouth, inverting the pot, watering and penetrating from the original pot bottom, cutting the port bud at the point B, extracting new branches, growing upwards, cultivating the rest extracted branches as auxiliary branches, and thickening the trunk below the point B. After fallen leaves, cutting off the branches with buds, cutting off at the point C, and properly trimming the rest branches for auxiliary cultivation. Third year: the basin is still inverted, after new branches are extracted from the cut buds at the point C, the new branches grow upwards, and the rest branches are used as auxiliary cultivation And (5) cultivating branches. After the fallen leaves, cutting the branches of the buds at the point C, cutting the branches at the point D, and properly trimming the rest branches to culture auxiliary branches. The embryonic form of the inverted plum blossom cliff type bonsai stump shown in the figure 1 can be formed, namely, angles and lengths of the AB section, the BC section and the CD section are formed, the cultivation speed is increased, the plum blossom cliff type bonsai is moved into a field to be continuously cultivated for a plurality of years, maintenance modeling is carried out during cultivation, the number and the size of the extracted branches on each section are adjusted, and the thickness of each section of a trunk is controlled, so that the cliff type bonsai is formed. Specifically, a dike is built in a field, a stump with a designed embryonic form is planted on the dike side, and cultivation and maintenance are continued according to the design requirement.

If the cultivated plum blossom cliff type boundary bonsai stump is cultivated in the basin all the time, the basin is just put forward again, the crown of the stump is trimmed, and the cultivation is carried out for 1 to 3 years, so that the bonsai stump can be sold and developed.

And (5) field planting, reverse planting and basin filling maintenance. First year: when plum seedlings are directly planted on the side of a pre-built dike, soil is covered after planting, the point A is cut, the shearing buds face upwards, the shearing ports face north, after a plurality of new branches are extracted, the branches developed by the shearing port buds are not inhibited, the new branches grow upwards obliquely to the south, and the rest of new branches are cultivated as auxiliary branches under the premise of not influencing the development of the shearing port buds. After the fallen leaves, the branches developed by cutting the buds are cut at the point B to obtain an AB section, and the rest branches in the current year are cultivated as auxiliary branches and then treated. The second year: and (3) after the seedlings are dug out in winter and early spring, carrying out reverse planting in the direction opposite to the normal direction of the seedlings, and covering soil after reverse planting, wherein the cut buds at the point B are positioned on the seedlings, the cut buds grow upwards after new branches are extracted from the cut buds, and the rest branches are cultivated by auxiliary cultivation. After fallen leaves, cutting branches of the buds, cutting the branches at the point C to obtain a BC segment, and properly trimming the rest branches for auxiliary cultivation. Third year: and C, cutting the buds at the point C, extracting new branches, growing upwards, and culturing the rest branches as auxiliary branches. After fallen leaves, cutting the branches with buds at the openings, cutting the branches at the point D to obtain a CD section, and culturing the rest branches as auxiliary branches. The trunk embryonic form of the inverted plum blossom cliff type bonsai stump shown in fig. 1, namely the angles and lengths of the AB section, the BC section and the CD section are formed, the cultivation is continued for a plurality of years, the stumps of the cliff type bonsai can be formed by adjusting the thickness of each section, and the inverted plum blossom cliff type bonsai can be formed by maintenance.

(2) Fertilizer and water management measure for batch cultivation of plum blossom cliff type bonsai

When in potting: mixing with 1% compound fertilizer (containing N15% and K) ₂ O15％、P ₂ O ₅ 15% of garden soil is used as a matrix, and 1% of compound fertilizer (containing N15% and K) is irrigated in the middle ten days of 3 months, the last ten days of 4 months, the last ten days of 5 months and the last ten days of 8 months each year ₂ O15％、P ₂ O ₅ 15%) of water solution for topdressing, and watering and moisturizing are carried out at ordinary times.

When the field cultivation is carried out: applying 40 g/plant, 60 g/plant, 25 g/plant and 25 g/plant of urea respectively in the middle of 3 months, the last of 4 months, the last of 5 months and the last of 8 months each year; 33 g/strain and 67 g/strain of potassium oxide are respectively applied in the last ten days of 3 months and 5 months. Potassium oxide is spread all the time, and fine soil is mixed before urea rain. Applying 200g of calcium superphosphate to a ditch of 10 months from 9 months, and covering soil after ditch application; during the growth period of plum blossom, no rain drops are used for preserving soil moisture for one week, every 3mm is smoothly extended for 1 day when meeting rain, and at most, 5 days are smoothly extended, so that field ponding is avoided in rainy season.

(3) Disease and pest prevention and treatment measures for cultivation of plum blossom cliff type bonsai

In the peak period of fungus spore emission of 4 months in the last 3 months each year, 40% of thiophanate methyl 1000 times liquid is sprayed every other week, and when aphids or scale insects or psyllids exist, 2000 times of 2% of high-efficiency cypermethrin emulsifiable concentrate and 2000 times of 5000 times of 2% of avermectin emulsifiable concentrate and 2000 times of 25% of spirotetramat suspension are sprayed; 3-4 kg of 90% trichlorfon crystals are spread after fine soil is mixed in each mu before rain in field cultivation in 5 middle ten days of each year; when red spider is damaged, spraying 5000 times of 2% avermectin emulsifiable solution and 4000 times of 34% spirodiclofen suspension; when bacterial perforation occurs, 500 times of 25% of wettable powder of the metconazole is sprayed.

In the cultivation process of the plum blossom cliff type bonsai stump, secondary re-cultivation is carried out, the angle, the length and the thickness of each section of the stump are cultivated and controlled, and the formation of the stump is accelerated by adopting a rapid technology.

(1) And (5) angle adjustment. And adjusting the angles of all sections of the quincuncial cliff type bonsai stumps. Firstly, the basin is turned over 90 after flat planting or vertical planting ⁰ One year after growth, the plant is truncated, as in section AB of FIG. 1. Secondly, cutting off and putting budsOn the basin side, the shearing port faces north, and after new branches are extracted from the shearing port buds, the AB section is inclined downwards in the figure due to the habit of south growth; thirdly, controlling the direction of the cutting buds, wherein the cutting buds at the point A are placed on the outer side of the basin, so that the extension of the AB section outwards of the basin is facilitated, the cutting buds at the point B are placed on the lower side, the binding of the B cutting buds along the BC direction in the figure 1 is facilitated after the branch is taken out, the cutting buds at the point C are also placed on the lower side, and the binding of the C cutting buds along the CD direction in the figure 1 is facilitated after the branch is taken out; and fourthly, binding, namely growing according to the designed angle and direction through binding before lignification after pruning and pruning the buds.

(2) And (5) adjusting the section-by-section length of the trunk of the cliff type bonsai stump. The length of the trunk of the plum blossom cliff type bonsai section by section is that branches are drawn by cutting off the port buds in a short way, and each trunk with the length required by design is obtained.

(3) And (5) adjusting the section-by-section thickness of the trunk of the cliff type bonsai stump. The branches and leaves with different numbers can be extracted from the AB section, the BC section, the CD section and the D point, the upper branches and leaves have promotion effects on thickening of the lower branches, and the lower branches and leaves have no promotion effects on thickening of the upper branches. The number, the size and the growth time length of each section of branches are controlled, so that the thickness ratio of each section of branches above the point D, namely the AB section, the BC section and the CD section, can be controlled, and the thickness of each section of branches can reach the size and the ratio required by design.

(4) The overall growth speed of the stump bonsai is quickened. The total quantity of branches and leaves of the inverted plum blossom cliff type bonsai is increased, daily management and protection measures such as fertilizer water, disease and insect prevention and control are enhanced, and the field cultivation is adopted, so that the growth speed of the cliff type bonsai can be greatly increased. Taking plum blossom as an example, after 6-8 years of cultivation, the trunk thickness of the inverted cliff type bonsai can reach 6-8cm, so that the aim of batch quick cultivation is fulfilled.

The specific description is as follows: after years of cultivation, the formed inverted plum cliff type bonsai needs to be put into a pot for maintenance before being sold, and the specific method comprises the following steps: pruning is carried out according to the design requirement after defoliation in winter, transplanting into a basin before germination in spring, shaping management such as thinning, pulling, pinching and the like is carried out after new branches are extracted, and the tree can be sold after cultivation for at least two years.

The invention relates to a plum blossom cliff type bonsai batch cultivation method, wherein the bonsai model is designed in advance and cultivated for many years. The bonsai cultivation is subjected to three stages of potting, field cultivation and basin entering maintenance, or is subjected to three stages of field flat cultivation, digging out and re-planting (reverse planting) and basin entering maintenance, so that the following effects can be achieved; (1) Adjusting the planting angle, the cutting opening direction and the cutting opening bud direction of the nursery stock according to the design, and adopting binding measures in combination to realize the control of the angles and the directions of each section of the trunk of the plum blossom cliff type bonsai stump; (2) The control of the segment-by-segment length of the trunk of the cliff type bonsai stump is realized by designing the length of each segment of the trunk of the short-cut plum blossom cliff type bonsai; (3) The method comprises the steps of reasonably reserving the branch quantity of each section of the plum blossom cliff type bonsai, adjusting the reserved time of each branch, and reasonably picking the core to control the section-by-section thickness of the trunk of the plum blossom cliff type bonsai stump; (4) The method adopts the measures of increasing the field planting time, strengthening fertilizer and water management, preventing and controlling diseases and insects, and the like, and promotes the rapid growth of cliff type bonsai stumps; (5) And (3) basin-entering maintenance, wherein a reasonable basin-entering maintenance measure is adopted, so that the plum blossom cliff type bonsai achieves the designed overall effect.

The invention realizes the flexible design of the cultivation modeling of the cliff type stump bonsai, achieves the purposes of cultivation batch, standardization and rapid production, protects ecological resources, and has practical significance for solving the problems of a plurality of technological difficulties in cultivation of the cliff type stump bonsai, and the problem that the cliff type stump bonsai cannot be produced in batch and scale.

Claims

1. A batch cultivation method for plum blossom cliff type bonsais comprises the following steps:

(1) Potted plant cultivation trunk

Culturing a first section of a trunk: in the first year, after overwintering to the end of the year, vertically planting plum seedlings in a basin, cutting off the trunk of the plum seedlings according to the designed height, cutting off the trunk at the position of 5-10cm, inclining the basin according to the designed angle of the first stage, inclining the basin by 90 degrees in the opposite direction to the side branches of the remained plum seedlings, cutting off the buds to face upwards, after 3-4 new branches are extracted from the basin, the branches developed by the cut-off buds are not inhibited, the branches grow according to the designed angle, and are bound, the trunk of the cliff type bonsai formed by the cut-off buds reaches the designed angle, the rest new branches are cultivated by auxiliary cultivation, the trunk is promoted to be thickened, cultivated in at least one year, when the trunk reaches the thickness of the first stage, the trunk is cut off according to the designed length, the branches are left after cutting off, the branches are thinned and removed according to the next required part, the rest branches are continued to be cultivated by auxiliary cultivation after the trimming, and the quantity of the auxiliary cultivation is continued, and the quantity of the auxiliary cultivation of the auxiliary branches is determined according to the thickness proportion of each stage;

Other sections of the cultivation backbone: after the first section of the trunk is cut off, the basin opening is closed according to the designed second section angle requirement of the trunk, the basin is inverted, watering is carried out to permeate from the bottom of the original basin, new branches of the cut buds are promoted to be extracted according to the design requirement, the position of the plum blossom cliff type trunk is cut off according to the design requirement, the plum blossom cliff type trunk grows according to the designed second section angle, binding is carried out, other branches are cultivated as auxiliary branches, thickening of the trunk is further promoted, after at least one period of cultivation, when the second section of the trunk reaches the designed thickness, the trunk is cut off according to the designed second section length, branches are left after cutting off, part of the branches is thinned according to the next requirement, the rest branches are trimmed and shaped, the auxiliary branches are continuously cultivated, the thinning quantity and the quantity of the auxiliary branches are continuously cultivated according to the thickness proportion of each section of the trunk, the auxiliary branches on the first section are processed, and the trunk is cultivated, the trunk is cultivated in the same manner, and the third section, the fourth section or other sections of the trunk are cultivated, and the cliff type model is formed;

(3) Basin filling maintenance: after at least two years of cultivation, the formed plum blossom cliff type bonsai needs to be put into a pot for maintenance from winter to year bottom before being sold, and the bonsai can be sold after at least one year of maintenance by adopting measures such as pot fertilizer and water management, synergistic control of plant diseases and insect pests and the like; if the tree is always cultivated in the basin, the basin is just required to be placed again, the stump crown is trimmed, and the tree is cultivated for 1 to 3 years, so that the tree can be sold or developed.

2. A batch cultivation method for plum blossom cliff type bonsais comprises the following steps:

(1) Land planting:

(2) Digging out and replanting:

after the first-stage cultivation is completed, the seedlings are dug out in the beginning of winter and spring in the second year of field cultivation, the seedlings are planted reversely in the opposite direction of the normal direction of the seedlings, soil is covered after the reverse planting, the cut buds are positioned on the seedlings in the last year, the cut buds grow upwards after new branches are pulled out, the new branches grow according to the designed second-stage angle, the new branches are bound, other branches are cultivated as auxiliary branches, the trunk thickening is further promoted, after at least one period of cultivation, when the second-stage trunk reaches the designed thickness, the branches left after the short cutting are shortened according to the designed second-stage length, part of the branches left after the short cutting is thinned out according to the next-stage requirement, the rest of the branches are cut and shaped continuously for auxiliary branch cultivation, the thinning out quantity and the quantity for continuously performing auxiliary branch cultivation are determined by design according to the thickness proportion of each stage of the trunk, the auxiliary branches reserved at the moment comprise auxiliary branches in the first stage, and the like, and the trunk third stage, the fourth stage or other stages are cultivated, and the shaggy bonsai model is shaped;

3. The quincuncial cliff bonsai batch cultivation method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the various stages relate to the control of the angles and the directions of the sections of the trunk of the plum blossom cliff type bonsai stump: after the angles and directions of the trunk sections of the trunk of the quincuncial cliff bonsai stump are designed in advance, the planting angle, the cutting opening direction and the cutting opening bud direction of the quincuncial cliff bonsai stump are adjusted, and binding is used for assisting in achieving the quincuncial cliff bonsai stump;

(4) Binding the extracted twigs to the design position, and enabling the angles and directions of all sections of the trunk of the plum blossom cliff type bonsai to more accurately meet the design requirement while obtaining the same growth amount as that of normal planting.

4. The quincuncial cliff bonsai batch cultivation method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the length control of the trunk of the plum blossom cliff type bonsai stump is realized by carrying out short cut according to the design length when the branches which are pre-used as the trunk of the plum blossom cliff type bonsai stump grow for at least one year and reach the required length and thickness.

5. The quincuncial cliff bonsai batch cultivation method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the related quincuncial cliff type bonsai stump trunk section-by-section roughness control is that in spring each year, after the quincuncial is germinated, part of buds on each section are wiped off, the branches on each section are picked off in summer, the branches on each section are thinned off after leaves fall, and the adverse growth influence of auxiliary branches on the trunk is reduced, and meanwhile the trunk section-by-section roughness control is realized.

6. The quincuncial cliff bonsai batch cultivation method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the plum blossom cliff type bonsai is trimmed and formed by reserving a trunk, removing redundant branches outside the trunk, cutting off the branches reserved outside the trunk, reserving only pile heads with proper lengths, enabling the branches to be extracted again, and shaping to finally obtain the plum blossom cliff type bonsai with design requirements.

7. The quincuncial cliff bonsai batch cultivation method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the plum blossom cliff type bonsai growth speed control method comprises the steps of planting time, re-planting or changing a placement angle after finishing a stage growth target, increasing field cultivation time, strengthening fertilizer and water management, and performing disease and insect cooperative control work:

(3) The cultivation time of the field is increased, and under the condition that the diameter of the stump is at least 5 cm, the cultivation growth amount of the plum blossom field is larger than the pot cultivation growth amount, and the time is increased by at least half a year;

1) Potting: adopts farmland plough layer soil, and adds 1% compound fertilizer (containing N15% and K) ₂ O15％、P ₂ O ₅ 15%) as culture medium, and pouring 1% compound fertilizer (containing N15% and K) in the last ten days of 3 months, the first 5 months and the last 6 months ₂ O15％、P ₂ O ₅ 15 percent) water solution, watering and moisturizing work is carried out at ordinary times;