CN116874130A - An urban surface runoff pollution purification system and purification method - Google Patents

An urban surface runoff pollution purification system and purification method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN116874130A
CN116874130A CN202311042174.XA CN202311042174A CN116874130A CN 116874130 A CN116874130 A CN 116874130A CN 202311042174 A CN202311042174 A CN 202311042174A CN 116874130 A CN116874130 A CN 116874130A
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China
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area
surface runoff
water
purification
layer
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CN116874130B (en
Inventor
陈亚松
朱雅婷
赵云鹏
王殿常
常曼琪
聂中林
李翀
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China Three Gorges Corp
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China Three Gorges Corp
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F9/00—Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/001—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
    • C02F2101/105—Phosphorus compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
    • C02F2101/16—Nitrogen compounds, e.g. ammonia
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/007—Contaminated open waterways, rivers, lakes or ponds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/02—Aerobic processes
    • C02F3/10—Packings; Fillings; Grids
    • C02F3/102—Permeable membranes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/30—Aerobic and anaerobic processes
    • C02F3/302—Nitrification and denitrification treatment
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biological Treatment Of Waste Water (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供一种城市地表径流污染净化系统及净化方法，属于水环境治理技术领域，净化系统包括渗水层、挡水板、过滤区和净化区，渗水层倾斜设置，挡水板向上凸出设置在渗水层的末端；过滤区设置于渗水层的下方，净化区沿地表径流方向设置于过滤区的末端，净化区的顶部设置有植被层，地表径流从渗水层末端的挡水板越过后进入植被层，然后排入河湖中。本发明提供的一种城市地表径流污染净化系统，挡水板对初期雨水进行截留，初期雨水通过渗水层进入过滤区中，经过过滤和净化后排入河湖中，中后期雨水越过挡水板进入植被层中进行净化，最终排入河湖中，实现了对径流污染的精准截留、针对性净化，实现了对径流污染的高效去除。

The invention provides an urban surface runoff pollution purification system and a purification method, which belong to the technical field of water environment treatment. The purification system includes a permeable layer, a water retaining plate, a filter area and a purification area. The permeable layer is arranged at an angle, and the water retaining plate is arranged to protrude upward. At the end of the permeable layer; the filtering area is set below the permeable layer, and the purification area is set at the end of the filtering area along the surface runoff direction. A vegetation layer is set at the top of the purification area, and the surface runoff enters after crossing over the water baffle at the end of the permeable layer. The vegetation layer then drains into rivers and lakes. The invention provides an urban surface runoff pollution purification system. The water barrier intercepts initial rainwater. The initial rainwater enters the filter area through the permeable layer and is discharged into rivers and lakes after being filtered and purified. In the middle and later stages, the rainwater passes through the water barrier. It enters the vegetation layer for purification, and is finally discharged into rivers and lakes, achieving precise interception and targeted purification of runoff pollution, and achieving efficient removal of runoff pollution.

Description

Urban surface runoff pollution purification system and purification method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of water environment treatment, in particular to a city surface runoff pollution purification system and a purification method.
Background
Urban surface runoff pollution is caused by rainfall, which forms surface runoff, and the rainfall is wrapped by pollutants in air and flushes pollutants deposited on the ground, so that the urban surface runoff pollution is an important source of urban surface source pollution. The initial rainwater generally refers to surface runoff formed by rainfall of 6-15mm in the initial stage of rainfall, the formed runoff is most serious in pollution, even exceeds the pollution degree of urban domestic sewage, the urban domestic sewage is discharged into river and lake through a canal, and the water supply environment is polluted to a certain degree.
For the treatment of urban surface runoff pollution, in engineering practice, urban sponge facilities (such as concave greenbelts, grass planting ditches and the like) are constructed at the source of the surface runoff to purify initial rainwater, and because the sponge facilities occupy large area, land space is usually lacking in an urban built-up area and is difficult to implement; or the tail end of the runoff pollution is treated by building a regulating reservoir, a sewage treatment facility and the like, so that the urban land space requirement is high, and the converging initial rainwater and the middle-late rainwater are purified together, so that the purification burden is increased.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the invention is how to treat the urban initial rainwater, so as to provide a urban surface runoff pollution purification system and a purification method.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a city surface runoff pollution purification system, comprising:
the water seepage layer is obliquely arranged and is used for downstream and seepage of surface runoff;
the water baffle is arranged at the tail end of the water seepage layer in an upward protruding way;
the filtering area is arranged below the water seepage layer, and surface runoff enters the filtering area through the water seepage layer for filtering;
the purification zone is arranged at the tail end of the filtering zone along the surface runoff direction, and is used for purifying the filtered surface runoff and discharging the purified surface runoff into a river and a lake; the top of the purification area is provided with a vegetation layer, and surface runoffs enter the vegetation layer after passing over a water baffle at the tail end of the water seepage layer and then are discharged into rivers and lakes.
Optionally, the method further comprises:
the water collecting area is communicated with the water outlet end of the filtering area, the filtered surface runoff is stored in the water collecting area, and the water collecting area is communicated with the head end of the purifying area.
Optionally, the water baffle is further blocked between the filtering area and the purifying area, and the filtering area and the purifying area are communicated through a communicating pipe;
the first end of the communicating pipe is communicated with the water collecting area, the second end of the communicating pipe is communicated with the purifying area, and at least one part of the communicating pipe is higher than the top of the water collecting area in height.
Optionally, the water collecting area is filled with a first filtering piece, and the filtering particle size of the first filtering piece is larger than that of the filtering area.
Optionally, the first end of the communicating tube is remote from the water inlet end of the water collection zone.
Optionally, the method further comprises:
one end of the connecting pipe is connected with the communicating pipe, the other end of the connecting pipe extends upwards out of the water seepage layer, the connecting pipe is provided with a plurality of groups, and the connecting pipe is provided with a control valve.
Optionally, the purifying areas are divided into a plurality of groups of communicated filling areas by a partition board, at least one group of filling areas positioned at the head end are biological purifying areas, and at least one group of filling areas positioned at the tail end are dephosphorizing purifying areas.
Optionally, the biological purification area is filled with a biological membrane carrier filler, and the dephosphorization purification area is filled with a dephosphorization matrix filler.
Optionally, the inlet end and the outlet end of the filling area are respectively arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the filling area; the inlet end of the filling area at the head end is at the lower end, and the outlet end of the filling area at the tail end is at the upper end.
Optionally, a vent pipe communicated with the outside is arranged in the filling area.
Optionally, the filter area is interior from top to bottom to have set gradually coarse filtration layer and smart filter layer, the coarse filtration in situ is filled with the second filter, the smart filter in situ is filled with the third filter, the filtration particle diameter of second filter is greater than the filtration particle diameter of third filter.
Optionally, the second filter and the third filter are gravel.
Optionally, a supporting layer is arranged below the water seepage layer and is used for supporting the water seepage layer, and the supporting layer is of a water seepage structure.
Optionally, a water impermeable member is disposed between the vegetation layer and the purification zone.
Optionally, the root system of the vegetation in the vegetation layer penetrates through the watertight member and stretches into the purification area.
The invention also provides a method for purifying urban surface runoff pollution, which adopts the urban surface runoff pollution purifying system described in any one of the above, and comprises the following steps:
the surface runoff generated by rainfall is converged to a purification system, is intercepted by a water baffle, and is infiltrated into a filtering area through a water seepage layer;
the surface runoff filtered in the filtering area enters the purifying area;
and discharging the surface runoff purified in the purification area into the river and the lake.
Alternatively, when the rainfall exceeds the initial rainwater quantity set value, the initial rainwater exceeding the water baffle plate passes through the vegetation layer and is discharged into the river and the lake.
Optionally, the height dimension of the water baffle is set according to the initial rainwater amount set value.
Optionally, the water outlet end of the filtering area is communicated with a water collecting area, the water collecting area is connected with the purifying area through a communicating pipe, and at least a part of the communicating pipe is higher than the top of the water collecting area in height; a connecting pipe communicated with the outside is arranged on the communicating pipe in a communicating way;
the connecting pipe is provided with a control valve, and the initial rainwater quantity set value is adjusted through the opening and closing or opening degree proportion of the control valve.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following advantages:
1. the urban surface runoff pollution purification system provided by the invention comprises a water seepage layer which is obliquely arranged, wherein surface runoffs can flow along the water seepage layer and permeate into a filtering area below the water seepage layer when passing through the water seepage layer; the water baffle intercepts the initial rainwater collected on the purification system, so that the initial rainwater enters the filtering area through the water seepage layer, and continuously enters the purification area for purification after being filtered, and the purified initial rainwater is discharged into the river and the lake; and the rainwater in the middle and later stages passes through the water baffle plate and enters the vegetation layer for purification, and finally is discharged into the river and the lake. The middle-stage and later-stage rainwater is not mixed into the initial rainwater to be treated together, so that the influence of non-initial runoff water quantity on a purification system is avoided, a large treatment load is caused on the system, and the initial rainwater is purified deeply. The purification system is arranged at the bank of the river and the lake and is integrated with the natural bank zone of the river and the lake, the filtering area and the purification area are respectively arranged below the water seepage layer and the vegetation layer, the ground space is not additionally occupied, and the water seepage layer and the vegetation layer are used as natural ecological environments during the non-purification stage, so that the ecological landscape of the two banks of the river and the lake is not influenced.
2. The invention provides a city surface runoff pollution purification system which further comprises a water collecting area, wherein the water collecting area is communicated with a water outlet end of a filtering area, the filtered surface runoff is stored in the water collecting area, and the water collecting area is communicated with the head end of the purification area. The setting of catchment district is used for the regulation to hold and store the initial rainwater after the filtration, provides the relatively even continuous water yield for follow-up deep purification, guarantees the stability of its treatment effect.
3. According to the urban surface runoff pollution purification system provided by the invention, the water baffle is also blocked between the filtering area and the purification area, the filtering area is communicated with the purification area through the communicating pipe, the first end of the communicating pipe is communicated with the water collecting area, the second end of the communicating pipe is communicated with the purification area, at least a part of the communicating pipe is higher than the top of the water collecting area in height, and the arrangement of the communicating pipe utilizes static pressure and siphon action to flow initial rainwater into the subsequent purification area, so that residual suspended matters and floating matters are prevented from entering the purification area, and the purification quality of the purification area is influenced.
4. According to the urban surface runoff pollution purification system provided by the invention, the first filtering piece is filled in the water collecting area, and the filtering particle size of the first filtering piece is larger than that in the filtering area, so that rainwater can be stored, and larger suspended pollutants left can be further removed.
5. According to the urban surface runoff pollution purification system provided by the invention, the first end of the communicating pipe is far away from the water inlet end of the water collecting area, so that rainwater entering the water collecting area is filtered by the first filtering piece and then is sent into the purification area through the communicating pipe, and suspended matters are prevented from entering the purification area through the communicating pipe to cause blockage.
6. The invention provides a city surface runoff pollution purification system, which also comprises a connecting pipe, wherein one end of the connecting pipe is connected with the connecting pipe, the other end of the connecting pipe extends out of a water seepage layer upwards, a plurality of groups of control valves are arranged on the connecting pipe, the number of the connecting pipes communicated is controlled by opening and closing the control valves, or the treated water quantity flowing into a purification area from a filtering area is controlled by opening and closing the control valves, so that the interception quantity of initial rainwater is controlled. The control valve can also be used as a cleaning interface when the communicating pipe is blocked, and the communicating pipe is cleaned by blowing high-pressure air and water after the control valve is disassembled.
7. According to the urban surface runoff pollution purification system provided by the invention, the purification areas are divided into the communicated groups of filling areas through the partition boards, at least one group of filling areas positioned at the head end are biological purification areas, at least one group of filling areas positioned at the tail end are dephosphorization purification areas, filtered initial rainwater firstly passes through the biological purification areas to remove soluble pollutants of runoff pollution, and then passes through the dephosphorization purification areas to remove soluble phosphorus, so that the efficient removal of the soluble pollutants in the runoff pollution is realized.
8. According to the urban surface runoff pollution purification system provided by the invention, the biological purification area is filled with the biomembrane carrier filler, the dephosphorization purification area is filled with the dephosphorization matrix filler, the biomembrane carrier filler is used for attaching a sufficient amount of biomembrane, so that the pollutant purification efficiency is improved, the dissolved pollutant in the runoff pollution is subjected to carbonization reaction to remove COD (chemical oxygen demand) under the action of biomembrane microorganisms, nitrification and denitrification reaction to remove ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen, and part of dissolved total phosphorus is removed through adsorption and interception, and the dephosphorization matrix filler and dissolved orthophosphate are subjected to chemical reaction and physical interception to remove.
9. According to the urban surface runoff pollution purification system provided by the invention, the inlet end and the outlet end of the filling area are respectively arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the filling area, the inlet end of the filling area positioned at the head end is positioned at the lower end, and the outlet end of the filling area positioned at the tail end is positioned at the upper end, so that the residence time of initial rainwater in the purification area is prolonged, the mass transfer efficiency between soluble pollutants and biological membranes is improved, and the purification efficiency is improved.
10. The urban surface runoff pollution purification system provided by the invention is characterized in that the filling area is provided with the vent pipe communicated with the outside for supplementing dissolved oxygen in the purification area, so that microbial reaction is facilitated.
11. According to the urban surface runoff pollution purification system provided by the invention, the coarse filter layer and the fine filter layer are sequentially arranged in the filter area from top to bottom, the second filter piece is filled in the coarse filter layer, the third filter piece is filled in the fine filter layer, the filter particle size of the second filter piece is larger than that of the third filter piece, suspended matters with different sizes in initial rainwater are sequentially filtered by the coarse filter layer and the fine filter layer, after multi-stage interception and filtration, the rainwater is collected into the water collecting area, and most of suspended matters, particles, colloid and the like in the initial rainwater are intercepted and removed after two-stage filtration, so that the SS and COD removal rates can reach 80% and 50% respectively.
12. According to the urban surface runoff pollution purification system provided by the invention, the second filter piece and the third filter piece are gravel, so that impurities and pollutants can be filtered, the bearing capacity is good, and the stability of a filtering area is improved.
13. According to the urban surface runoff pollution purification system provided by the invention, the supporting layer is arranged below the water seepage layer, the supporting layer is of a water seepage structure and is used for supporting the water seepage layer, so that the stability of the water seepage layer is improved, and the urban surface runoff pollution purification system has a good bearing capacity in the process of serving as a road.
14. According to the urban surface runoff pollution purification system provided by the invention, the watertight part is arranged between the vegetation layer and the purification area, so that rainwater entering the vegetation layer through the water baffle is prevented from directly extending into the purification area, a large burden is caused to the purification area, the root systems of vegetation in the vegetation layer extend into the purification area through the watertight part, and the vegetation can provide certain dissolved oxygen for the purification area through the root systems, so that microbial reaction is facilitated.
15. According to the urban surface runoff pollution purification method provided by the invention, the surface runoffs generated by rainfall are converged to a purification system, are intercepted by a water baffle, and are infiltrated into a filtering area through a water seepage layer; the surface runoff filtered in the filtering area enters the purifying area; the surface runoff purified in the purification area is discharged into the river and the lake, so that the precise interception and effective purification of the runoff pollution are realized.
16. According to the urban surface runoff pollution purification method provided by the invention, when the rainfall exceeds the initial rainfall set value, the initial rainwater exceeding the water baffle passes through the vegetation layer and is discharged into the river and the lake, so that the influence of non-initial runoff on the purification system is avoided, and the purification efficiency is reduced.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described, and it is obvious that the drawings in the description below are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a municipal surface runoff pollution purification system provided in an example of the invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic view of the internal structure of the filtering section in fig. 1.
Reference numerals illustrate:
1. a water seepage layer; 2. a water baffle; 3. a filtration zone; 4. a purification zone; 5. a vegetation layer; 6. a water collection area; 7. a communicating pipe; 8. a first filter; 9. a connecting pipe; 10. a control valve; 11. a partition plate; 12. filling the region; 13. a vent pipe; 14. a coarse filtration layer; 15. a fine filter layer; 16. a second filter; 17. a third filter; 18. a support layer; 19. a water impermeable member.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made apparent and fully in view of the accompanying drawings, in which some, but not all embodiments of the invention are shown. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the directions or positional relationships indicated by the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be either fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected, for example; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.
In addition, the technical features of the different embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not collide with each other.
The urban surface runoff pollution purification system provided by the embodiment sequentially filters and purifies the urban surface runoff, and realizes the efficient removal of surface runoff pollutants. Urban high density built-up area runoff pollution has the following pollution characteristics: (1) The runoff pollution has high concentration and contains the characteristic of soluble pollutants; (2) The initial pollution effect is strong, and the pollution load proportion of initial rainwater (typically 6-15 mm) is high; (3) The runoff is large, the ecological space of the buffer zone is small, and the retention time of the buffer zone is short. Aiming at the characteristics of the urban runoff initial pollution effect, semi-permeable and impermeable surfaces and areas are respectively constructed along the runoff direction, so that the interception of the initial runoff amount is realized, the accurate interception and targeted purification of the runoff pollution are realized, the purified water amount is greatly reduced, and a precondition is provided for realizing the purification capability of the buffer zone.
As shown in fig. 1, a specific implementation manner of the urban surface runoff pollution purification system provided in this embodiment includes a water seepage layer 1, a water baffle 2, a filtering area 3 and a purification area 4, where the water seepage layer 1 is obliquely arranged and is used for downstream and infiltration of surface runoff; the water baffle 2 is arranged at the tail end of the water seepage layer 1 in an upward protruding way; the filtering area 3 is arranged below the water seepage layer 1, and initial rainwater of surface runoff enters the filtering area 3 through the water seepage layer 1 for filtering; the purifying area 4 is arranged at the tail end of the filtering area 3 along the surface runoff direction, the purifying area 4 purifies the filtered surface runoff, and the purified surface runoff is discharged into the river and the lake; the top of the purification area 4 is provided with a vegetation layer 5, and medium-late rainwater of surface runoff passes through the water baffle 2 at the tail end of the seepage layer 1 and then enters the vegetation layer 5, and then is discharged into rivers and lakes. The purification system is integrally arranged in a slope manner, a runoff condition of rainwater is constructed, a semi-permeable brick or a perforated slit brick and the like can be adopted for paving the water seepage layer 1, initial rainwater with a certain thickness can be collected, the paving length of the water seepage layer is related to the gradient and the interception runoff amount of the purification system, the gradient is consistent with the gradient of the purification system, the gradient is generally set to be 10-20%, the runoff is smooth, the water seepage rate of the water seepage brick is 3mm/s, the purification system is constructed according to the gradient of 20%, the runoff flow rate is 0.3m/s, and the interception area length is 1.2m. When the rainfall exceeds 12mm under a certain rainfall intensity, only part of initial rainwater (12 mm) is trapped by the water permeable bricks and enters the filtering area 3, and rainwater exceeding 12mm passes through the water baffle 2 and enters the vegetation layer 5. The water baffle 2 is 3-5mm higher than the top inclined plane and is used for intercepting the runoff water quantity under the general intensity.
The breakwater 2 intercepts initial rainwater collected on the purification system, the initial rainwater enters the filtering area 3 through the water seepage layer 1, the initial rainwater after being filtered continuously enters the purification area 4 for purification, the purified initial rainwater is discharged into a river and a lake, the middle-later stage rainwater passes through the breakwater 2 and enters the vegetation layer 5 for purification, and finally is discharged into the river and the lake, the middle-later stage rainwater is not mixed into the initial rainwater for treatment together, the influence of non-initial runoff water quantity on the purification system is avoided, the influence of the non-initial runoff water quantity on the purification system is avoided, the large treatment load is caused, the purification system is only used for deeply purifying the initial rainwater, the purification system is arranged at the bank side of the river and the lake and is integrated with the natural bank zone of the river and the lake, the filtering area 3 and the purification area 4 are respectively arranged below the water seepage layer 1 and the vegetation layer 5, no additional floor space is occupied, and in the non-purification stage, the water seepage layer 1 and the vegetation layer 5 serve as a natural ecological environment, and the ecological landscape of the two banks of the river and the lake is not influenced. Wherein the vegetation layer 5 is made of various trees, shrubs, flowers and plants.
As shown in fig. 1, the urban surface runoff pollution purification system provided in this embodiment further includes a water collecting area 6, the water collecting area 6 is communicated with the water outlet end of the filtering area 3, the filtered surface runoff is stored in the water collecting area 6, and the water collecting area 6 is communicated with the head end of the purification area 4. The setting of the water collecting area 6 is used for regulating and storing the filtered initial rainwater, so that the subsequent filtration is avoided due to the fact that the rainwater is gathered too much in the filtering area 3, relatively uniform and continuous water quantity is provided for the subsequent deep purification, and the stability of the treatment effect is guaranteed. Specifically, the water collecting area 6 is separated by the waterproof plate, a plurality of water permeable holes are formed in one side, the water collecting area 6 is communicated with the filtering area 3, filtered rainwater conveniently enters the water collecting area 6 through the water permeable holes, the length of the water collecting area 6 is greater than 0.5m, the height of the water collecting area is 400-600mm, the top elevation of the water collecting area 6 is higher than the tail end water outlet elevation, and the filtered water can be regulated and stored more highly.
As shown in fig. 1, in the urban surface runoff pollution purification system provided in this embodiment, the water baffle 2 is further blocked between the filtering area 3 and the purification area 4, and the filtering area 3 and the purification area 4 are communicated through the communicating pipe 7; the first end of the communicating pipe 7 communicates with the water collection area 6, the second end of the communicating pipe 7 communicates with the purification area 4, and at least a part of the communicating pipe 7 is higher in height than the top of the water collection area 6. The arrangement of the communicating pipe 7 utilizes static pressure and siphon action to flow the initial rainwater into the subsequent purification zone 4, so as to prevent residual suspended matters and floating matters from entering the purification zone and affecting the purification quality of the purification zone 4. Specifically, the communicating pipe 7 may be an inverted U-shaped pipe, 2-4 groups of communicating pipes 7 are generally arranged, the diameter of the communicating pipe 7 is DN100-150mm, and two ends of the communicating pipe 7 can be fixed on the water baffle 2 through a snap ring.
The urban surface runoff pollution purification system provided by the embodiment is characterized in that a first filter piece 8 is filled in the water collecting area 6, and the filter particle size of the first filter piece 8 is larger than that in the filter area 3. Not only can store the rainwater, but also can further remove the larger suspended pollutants left behind. The first filter element 8 may be large particle size gravel, 16-32mm in particle size, with a porosity > 50%.
As shown in fig. 1, in the urban surface runoff pollution purification system provided in this embodiment, the first end of the communicating pipe 7 is far away from the water inlet end of the water collecting area 6. The rainwater entering the water collecting area 6 is filtered by the first filtering piece 8 and then is sent into the purifying area 4 through the communicating pipe 7, so that suspended matters are prevented from entering the purifying area 4 through the communicating pipe 7 to cause blockage.
As shown in fig. 1, the urban surface runoff pollution purification system provided in this embodiment further includes a connection pipe 9, one end of the connection pipe 9 is connected with the connection pipe 7, the other end of the connection pipe 9 extends upwards out of the water seepage layer 1, the connection pipe 9 has a plurality of groups, and a control valve 10 is provided on the connection pipe 9. The quantity of the connection pipe 9 is controlled by controlling the opening and closing of the valve 10, or the treated water quantity flowing into the purifying zone 4 from the filtering zone 3 is controlled by controlling the opening and closing ratio of the valve 10, so as to control the interception quantity of the initial rainwater. The control valve 10 can also be used as a cleaning interface when the communicating pipe 7 is blocked, and the communicating pipe is cleaned by blowing high-pressure air and water after the control valve 10 is disassembled. Wherein the control valve 10 is a shut-off valve.
As shown in fig. 1, in the urban surface runoff pollution purification system provided in this embodiment, the purification area 4 is divided into a plurality of groups of communicated filling areas 12 by a partition 11, at least one group of filling areas 12 at the head end are biological purification areas, and at least one group of filling areas 12 at the tail end are dephosphorization purification areas. The filtered initial rainwater firstly passes through a biological purification area to remove the soluble pollutants of the runoff pollution, and then passes through a dephosphorization purification area to remove the soluble phosphorus, so that the high-efficiency removal of the soluble pollutants in the runoff pollution is realized. The baffle 11 is a watertight baffle, the biological purification area is filled with a biological membrane carrier filler, the dephosphorization purification area is filled with a dephosphorization matrix filler, the biological membrane carrier filler can be ceramsite, fiber balls and the like, the particle size is 2-4mm, and the specific surface area of the filler is the same as that of the biological membrane carrier filler>10×10 4 cm/g, porosity>80%, combined carrier filler for attaching a sufficient amount of biofilm to provide contaminant purification efficiency, dephosphorizing matrix filler (such as bauxite), particle size 2-4mm, aluminum content>75% chemically reacted with soluble orthophosphate and physically entrapped for removal. After rainwater enters the purification area 4, aerobic growth occurs under the action of the biofilm carrier fillerThe reaction of the reactants to the soluble contaminants (e.g., NH 3 -N, COD, TP removal, dissolved contaminants of runoff contamination (e.g. NH) 3 -N, COD, TP) through biological membrane microorganism action, performing carbonization reaction to remove COD, and performing nitrification and denitrification reaction to remove NH 3 N and total nitrogen, removing part of the soluble total phosphorus by adsorption, entrapment.
As shown in fig. 1, in the urban surface runoff pollution purification system provided in this embodiment, the inlet end and the outlet end of the filling area 12 are respectively disposed at the upper end and the lower end of the filling area 12; the inlet end of the filling zone 12 at the head end is at the lower end and the outlet end of the filling zone 12 at the tail end is at the upper end. The residence time of the initial rainwater in the purification area 4 is increased, and the mass transfer efficiency between the soluble pollutant and the biological membrane is improved, namely the purification efficiency is improved. Namely, the inlet and the outlet of the filling area 12 are matched with the partition plate 11, so that a folded channel is formed after rainwater enters the purification area 4, and the mass transfer efficiency between pollutants and biological membranes is improved.
As shown in fig. 1, in the urban surface runoff pollution purification system provided in this embodiment, a ventilation pipe 13 communicated with the outside is disposed in the filling area 12, so as to supplement dissolved oxygen in the purification area 4, and provide a necessary condition for efficient biochemical reaction, and the ventilation pipe 13 is generally a pipe with a diameter DN 32.
As shown in fig. 2, in the urban surface runoff pollution purification system provided in this embodiment, a coarse filter layer 14 and a fine filter layer 15 are sequentially disposed in the filter area 3 from top to bottom, a second filter member 16 is filled in the coarse filter layer 14, a third filter member 17 is filled in the fine filter layer 15, and the filter particle size of the second filter member 16 is greater than that of the third filter member 17. The coarse filter layer 14 and the fine filter layer 15 sequentially filter suspended matters with different sizes in the initial rainwater, the rainwater is collected into the water collecting area 6 after the multi-stage interception and filtration, most suspended matters, particles, colloid and the like in the initial rainwater are intercepted and removed after the two-stage filtration, and the removal rates of SS and COD can reach 80% and 50% respectively. The second filter element 16 and the third filter element 17 are gravel, the coarse filter layer 14 is made of materials such as gravel with larger particles, the particle size is 8-16mm, the thickness is 300-500mm, the fine filter layer 15 is made of gravel with the particle size of 4-8mm, and the thickness is 300-500mm. The gravel not only can filter impurities and pollutants, but also has better bearing capacity, and improves the stability of the filtering area 3.
As shown in fig. 2, in the urban surface runoff pollution purification system provided in this embodiment, a supporting layer 18 is disposed below the water seepage layer 1 and is used for supporting the water seepage layer 1, the supporting layer 18 is a water seepage structure, and the thickness of the supporting layer 18 is 150mm. The support layer 18 improves the stability of the water permeable layer 1 and has better bearing capacity in the process of acting as a road.
The urban surface runoff pollution purification system that this embodiment provided, vegetation layer 5 with be provided with the impervious member 19 between the purification zone 4, the root system of vegetation in the vegetation layer 5 passes the impervious member 19 stretches into to the purification zone 4. The setting of impervious member 19 avoids crossing the rainwater that breakwater 2 got into vegetation layer 5 and directly stretches into purification zone 4, causes great burden for purification zone 4, and the root system of vegetation in the vegetation layer 5 passes impervious member 19 and stretches into purification zone 4, and the vegetation can provide certain dissolved oxygen in to the purification zone 4 through the root system, is convenient for microbial reaction. The waterproof piece 19 is waterproof geotextile, the upper part of the geotextile is used for laying lawns or planting flowers, plants and trees, the laying of planting soil is 100-150mm, and the partition 11 in the purifying area 4 needs to avoid tree roots in the vegetation layer 5.
The embodiment also provides a method for purifying urban surface runoff pollution, which adopts any one of the urban surface runoff pollution purifying systems in the embodiment, and comprises the following steps:
the surface runoff generated by rainfall is converged to a purification system, is intercepted by a water baffle 2, and is infiltrated into a filtering area 3 through a water seepage layer 1;
the surface runoff filtered in the filtering area 3 enters the purifying area 4;
and the surface runoff purified in the purification area 4 is discharged into the river and the lake.
The water baffle 2 is trapped, so that the precise trapping and targeted purification of the runoff pollution are realized, the purified water quantity is greatly reduced, and the effective purification of the runoff pollution is realized.
When the rainfall exceeds the initial rainwater quantity set value, the initial rainwater exceeding the water baffle 2 is discharged into the river and lake after passing through the vegetation layer 5, so that the influence of non-initial runoff quantity on the purification system is avoided, the purification efficiency is reduced, and the height of the water baffle 2 is set according to the initial rainwater quantity set value.
According to the urban surface runoff pollution purification method provided by the embodiment, the water outlet end of the filtering area 3 is communicated with a water collecting area 6, the water collecting area 6 is connected with the purification area 4 through a communicating pipe 7, and at least one part of the communicating pipe 7 is higher than the top of the water collecting area 6 in height; a connecting pipe 9 communicated with the outside is arranged on the communicating pipe 7 in a communicating way; the connecting pipe 9 is provided with a control valve 10, and the initial rainwater quantity set value is regulated by the opening and closing or opening ratio of the control valve 10.
Specifically, taking the initial rainwater interception amount of 12mm as an example, if the rainfall does not exceed 12mm, the water baffle 2 intercepts the surface runoff, sequentially filters and purifies the surface runoff after passing through the water seepage layer 1, and then discharges the surface runoff into the river and the lake, when the rainfall exceeds 12mm, only part of the initial rainwater (12 mm) enters the filtering area 3 through the water seepage layer 1, and when the rainwater exceeding 12mm passes through the water baffle 2, enters the vegetation layer 5, and finally discharges into the river and the lake.
Aiming at the water quality characteristics of urban runoff pollution, a filtration interception-microorganism purification-materialized dephosphorization purification system is constructed, so that the efficient removal of the runoff pollution, in particular to the removal of the soluble pollutant, is realized. And the gradient topography of the purification system is utilized to construct the runoff hydraulic condition, no power equipment is needed, aeration and oxygenation are not needed, and facilities such as an inverted U pipe and a vent pipe are arranged, so that the operation, the maintenance and the overhaul are convenient.
It is apparent that the above examples are given by way of illustration only and are not limiting of the embodiments. Other variations or modifications of the above teachings will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. It is not necessary here nor is it exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications thereof are contemplated as falling within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (19)

1. A municipal surface runoff pollution purification system, comprising:
the water seepage layer (1) is obliquely arranged and is used for downstream and seepage of surface runoff;
the water baffle (2) is arranged at the tail end of the water seepage layer (1) in an upward protruding way;
the filtering area (3) is arranged below the water seepage layer (1), and surface runoff enters the filtering area (3) through the water seepage layer (1) for filtering;
the purifying area (4) is arranged at the tail end of the filtering area (3) along the surface runoff direction, the purifying area (4) purifies the filtered surface runoff, and the purified surface runoff is discharged into rivers and lakes; the top of the purification area (4) is provided with a vegetation layer (5), and surface runoffs enter the vegetation layer (5) after passing through a water baffle (2) at the tail end of the water seepage layer (1) and then are discharged into rivers and lakes.
2. The urban surface runoff pollution purification system of claim 1, further comprising:
the water collecting area (6) is communicated with the water outlet end of the filtering area (3), the filtered surface runoff is stored in the water collecting area (6), and the water collecting area (6) is communicated with the head end of the purifying area (4).
3. Urban surface runoff pollution purification system according to claim 2, wherein the water deflector (2) is also blocked between the filtering zone (3) and the purification zone (4), the filtering zone (3) and the purification zone (4) being in communication through a communication pipe (7);
the first end of the communicating pipe (7) is communicated with the water collecting area (6), the second end of the communicating pipe (7) is communicated with the purifying area (4), and at least one part of the communicating pipe (7) is higher than the top of the water collecting area (6) in height.
4. A municipal surface runoff pollution purification system according to claim 3, wherein the water collection area (6) is filled with a first filter element (8), the filter particle size of the first filter element (8) being larger than the filter particle size in the filter area (3).
5. Urban surface runoff pollution purification system according to claim 4, wherein the first end of the communication pipe (7) is remote from the water inlet end of the water collection zone (6).
6. The urban surface runoff pollution purification system of claim 3, further comprising:
one end of the connecting pipe (9) is connected with the communicating pipe (7), the other end of the connecting pipe (9) extends out of the water seepage layer (1) upwards, the connecting pipes (9) are provided with a plurality of groups, and the connecting pipe (9) is provided with a control valve (10).
7. Urban surface runoff pollution purification system according to any one of claims 1-6, wherein the purification zones (4) are divided into a plurality of groups of connected filling zones (12) by a partition plate (11), at least one group of filling zones (12) at the head end is a biological purification zone, and at least one group of filling zones (12) at the tail end is a dephosphorization purification zone.
8. The municipal surface runoff pollution purification system of claim 7, wherein said biological purification zone is filled with biofilm carrier filler and said dephosphorization purification zone is filled with dephosphorization matrix filler.
9. The urban surface runoff pollution purification system according to claim 7, wherein the inlet end and the outlet end of the filling area (12) are respectively arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the filling area (12); the inlet end of the filling zone (12) at the head end is at the lower end, and the outlet end of the filling zone (12) at the tail end is at the upper end.
10. Urban surface runoff pollution purification system according to claim 7, wherein a vent pipe (13) communicating with the outside is provided in the filling zone (12).
11. Urban surface runoff pollution purification system according to any one of claims 1-6, wherein a coarse filter layer (14) and a fine filter layer (15) are arranged in the filter zone (3) in sequence from top to bottom, a second filter element (16) is filled in the coarse filter layer (14), a third filter element (17) is filled in the fine filter layer (15), and the filter particle size of the second filter element (16) is larger than that of the third filter element (17).
12. Urban surface runoff pollution purification system according to claim 11, wherein the second filter element (16) and the third filter element (17) are gravel.
13. Urban surface runoff pollution purification system according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that a supporting layer (18) is arranged below the water permeable layer (1) for supporting the water permeable layer (1), the supporting layer (18) being of a water permeable structure.
14. Urban surface runoff pollution purification system according to any one of claims 1-6, wherein a water impermeable member (19) is provided between the vegetation layer (5) and the purification zone (4).
15. The urban surface runoff pollution purification system according to claim 14, wherein the root systems of vegetation in the vegetation layer (5) extend through the water impermeable member (19) into the purification zone (4).
16. A method for purifying urban surface runoff pollution, characterized in that the urban surface runoff pollution purifying system according to any one of claims 1-15 is adopted, comprising the following steps:
the surface runoff generated by rainfall is converged to a purification system, is intercepted by a water baffle (2), and is infiltrated into a filtering area (3) through a water seepage layer (1);
the surface runoff filtered in the filtering area (3) enters the purifying area (4);
and (3) discharging the surface runoff purified in the purification area (4) into the river and the lake.
17. The method for purifying urban surface runoff pollution according to claim 16, wherein when the rainfall exceeds the initial rainfall set value, the initial rainwater exceeding the water baffle (2) is discharged into the river and the lake after passing through the vegetation layer (5).
18. The urban surface runoff pollution purification method according to claim 17, wherein the height dimension of the water deflector (2) is set according to the initial rainwater amount setting value.
19. The urban surface runoff pollution purification method according to claim 18, wherein the water outlet end of the filtering area (3) is provided with a water collecting area (6) in a communicating way, the water collecting area (6) and the purification area (4) are connected through a communicating pipe (7), and at least one part of the communicating pipe (7) is higher than the top of the water collecting area (6) in height; a connecting pipe (9) communicated with the outside is arranged on the communicating pipe (7) in a communicating way;
the connecting pipe (9) is provided with a control valve (10), and the initial rainwater quantity set value is regulated through the opening and closing or opening degree proportion of the control valve (10).
CN202311042174.XA 2023-08-17 2023-08-17 A system and method for purifying urban surface runoff pollution Active CN116874130B (en)

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