CN116856437A - A mountain ecological restoration and management method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a mountain ecological restoration treatment method, which comprises the steps of dividing a mountain to be restored according to height and gradient, wherein the mountain at least comprises a top platform, a slope and/or a slope toe; the gradient of the top platform is adjusted and the top platform is repaired; pouring lattice beams and carrying out vegetation planting on the processed slope based on the lattice beams; constructing a toe and communicating the lattice beams. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the dual functions of stabilizing the side slope and ecologically coordinating, so that the landslide and the water and soil loss risk are lower, and the plants do not need to be frequently fertilized and watered manually, thereby effectively saving the labor cost.

Description

A mountain ecological restoration and management method

Technical field

The present invention relates to the technical field of ecological restoration and management, and in particular to a mountain ecological restoration and management method.

Background technique

With the advancement of urbanization in our country, in some mountainous areas, urban construction, highway construction, mining and quarrying and other projects will inevitably damage the mountains during the construction process, causing collapses, cracks, etc. in some mountains. In this way, originally The gentle slope of the mountain has turned into a steep mountain wall, and the original vegetation on the mountain has been severely damaged, making it easy for geological disasters such as mountain collapse and landslides to occur during the rainy season. This not only causes traffic jams, shutdown of mining plants, but also serious casualties.

There are existing methods for repairing damaged mountains. The first type of methods mainly includes hanging net spraying technology and planting bag technology. Although these two technologies can have a good effect of regreening the mountain in a short time, most of the plants using these technologies grow on the surface layer, and their root systems cannot penetrate deep into the gaps in the mountain body, requiring long-term manual maintenance. Otherwise, it will be restored to the state before restoration within a few years, and it will be impossible to achieve true ecological restoration and management of the mountain, which is time-consuming and labor-intensive and cannot achieve good long-term results. Another type of method mainly uses limestone to sprinkle water and compact it on the slope, then dig planting holes, and plant vegetation in the planting holes. However, due to the different slope environments, there is no unified ecological environment, and the plant survival rate is not high. , at the same time, the soil cannot be fixed well, there is still a risk of further loss, the ecosystem is fragile, and the digging project is huge, time-consuming and labor-intensive.

Contents of the invention

In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a mountain ecological restoration and management method to solve the problem in the prior art that plants grow on the surface and their roots cannot penetrate deep into the gaps in the mountain, resulting in the restoration to pre-repair levels after many years and the instability of the ecological environment. The rate is low and soil erosion is a problem.

In order to achieve the above object, a technical solution of the present invention provides a mountain ecological restoration and management method, which includes the following steps:

The mountain to be repaired is divided according to height and slope, where the mountain at least includes a top platform, slopes and/or slope toes;

Adjust the slope of the top platform and make repairs to the top platform;

Pouring lattice beams and planting vegetation on the treated slope based on the lattice beams;

Build the foot of the slope and connect the lattice beams.

Further, after the step of dividing the mountain to be repaired according to height and slope, the following steps are also included:

The construction prepares and determines the excavation boundaries of the top platform, slope and slope foot, and smoothes the slope based on the excavation boundaries.

Further, in the steps of adjusting the slope of the top platform and repairing the top platform, the specific method of repairing the top platform is:

Level the pile on the top platform of the mountain and adjust the slope of the top platform; excavate drainage ditches and diversion canals on the adjusted top platform according to the designed position, and guide the drainage ditches into the diversion canal before converging. to the designated area.

Further, in the step of pouring lattice beams and planting vegetation on the treated slope based on the lattice beams, the following sub-steps are included:

Design and pour lattice beams on the slope sides and install and maintain supporting anchor plates;

Determine the backfill area based on the poured lattice beams. After the maintenance of the lattice beams is completed, backfill the nutrient soil in the backfill area and compact it;

Pour ecological concrete on the nutrient soil based on the backfill area and maintain it;

After the ecological concrete curing is completed, vegetation is planted on the ecological concrete.

Further, in the steps of designing and pouring lattice beams on the slope of the slope and installing and maintaining support anchor plates, the lattice beams include a number of staggered beam bodies, each beam body is spaced apart A number of square grid areas are formed that expose the mountain. The grid areas are one or more of triangles, rectangles, and polygons. The anchor plates are installed at the intersections of each beam body.

Further, in the step of determining the backfill area based on the poured lattice beams, and after the maintenance of the lattice beams is completed, backfilling the backfill area with nutrient soil and then compacting it, the nutrient soil is prepared using the following method:

The cake fertilizer and poultry manure are mixed and fermented according to a first preset ratio to obtain fermentation raw materials, and then the fermentation raw materials are mixed with the original soil or peat soil of the area to be repaired according to a second preset ratio to obtain The nutrient soil.

Further, in the step of determining the backfill area based on the poured lattice beams, after the maintenance of the lattice beams is completed, backfilling the nutrient soil in the backfill area and then compacting it, the backfill thickness of the nutrient soil is 30cm to 50cm, so The compaction coefficient of the nutrient soil is 0.9 to 0.95.

Further, in the step of pouring ecological concrete on the nutrient soil based on the backfill area and maintaining it, the ecological concrete is poured using aggregates with a particle size of 20cm to 40cm, and the pouring thickness of the ecological concrete is 10cm to 40cm. 15cm.

Further, after the ecological concrete curing is completed, in the step of planting vegetation on the ecological concrete, the method of spreading lawns and/or sowing seeds with a weight of 10g/square meter to 20g/square meter is used. Carry out vegetation establishment and spray and maintain the plants after the establishment is completed.

Further, in the step of planting vegetation on the ecological concrete after the ecological concrete curing is completed, the plants selected for the vegetation are one or more of herbs, vines or small shrubs.

By dividing the mountain types and performing corresponding repairs according to different mountain types, the present invention can make the mountain more stable after repair to reduce the risk of landslides and soil erosion; and by pouring lattice beams on the slopes and placing them on Vegetation is seeded, transplanted or sown in the lattice beams. The lattice beams can be used with anchor plates to further strengthen the mountain. The vegetation is seeded, transplanted or sown in the square area limited by the lattice beams. It has both The dual functions of stabilizing slopes and ecological coordination reduce the risk of landslides and soil erosion.

Description of the drawings

Figure 1 is a flow chart of a mountain ecological restoration and management method according to the present invention.

Figure 2 is a flow chart of step S4.

Detailed ways

The following is further detailed through specific implementation methods:

Please refer to Figure 1, which is a flow chart of a mountain ecological restoration and management method according to the present invention. A mountain ecological restoration and management method of the present invention specifically includes the following steps:

S1: Determine the mountain to be repaired and divide the mountain.

Specifically, the type of mountain to be repaired is determined. The mountain area to be repaired can be divided into rock type mountain and soil type mountain according to its type, and then the mountain area to be repaired is divided into different types according to the height and slope of the corresponding mountain. Areas with different height and slope types to carry out corresponding restoration of the mountain according to the characteristics of different areas. In this embodiment, the mountain is divided into different areas and includes at least a top platform, a slope and/or a slope foot, and the top platform, slopes and slope feet are distributed in order from high to low.

S2: Preparation before mountain restoration construction.

Before carrying out mountain repair, first, measure and lay out the mountain area to be repaired, and determine the top platform, slope and slope toe excavation boundaries according to the designed excavation depth and slope slope; in this embodiment, the excavation The excavation depth and side slope slope are determined according to the construction drawings of the corresponding mountain. Then, the top platform, slope and slope foot are leveled based on the determined excavation boundary. In the process of leveling the slope, in order to facilitate the cleaning and transportation of earthwork or stone, the top platform, slope and slope foot can be leveled according to the order from high to low and from high to low. Level from top to bottom and/or from the inside out.

S3: Repair the top platform of the mountain.

By repairing the top platform of the mountain to adjust the slope of the top platform, rainwater can be diverted in time during the rainy season or natural disasters such as earthquakes to reduce the overall load on the mountain and avoid disasters caused by mud or stones on the top platform. Sometimes it falls to the foot of the slope to block traffic, etc.

Specifically, first, the piles on the top platform of the mountain are reduced and reinforced to adjust the slope of the top platform; in this embodiment, when the top platform is leveled, some piles with a gentle slope or a small volume can be Cut it off as a whole, and bury the removed soil or stones in a nearby low-lying area to reduce the outward transportation of soil or stones. For some piles with steeper slopes or larger volumes, they can be After partial removal, the piles are piled into a multi-layer platform according to the height of the pile and then reinforced with protective nets or concrete to reduce the difficulty of construction and the generation of waste soil or stones. Then, according to the designed positions of the drainage ditches and diversion ditches, excavate drainage ditches and diversion ditches on the flattened top platform, and guide the drainage ditches into the diversion ditches and then merge them into the designated areas to facilitate the installation on the top platform. The accumulated water in the mountain can be diverted to designated areas in a timely manner to avoid seepage of mountain water and excessive accumulation of water that increases the overall load of the mountain. In this embodiment, after the accumulated water is diverted to the diversion channel, it can be merged into a nearby river or discharged. Go to a nearby water treatment plant for treatment, etc.

S4: Repair the mountain slope based on lattice beams.

Lattice beams are poured on the leveled slope to support and reinforce the slope, and then the soil of the slope is processed based on the square area defined by the lattice beams, and vegetation is planted to repair the damaged mountain. ecological environment.

Please refer to Figure 2, the step S4 includes the following steps:

S41: Pour the lattice beams and maintain them.

First, the shape and position of the lattice beams are designed according to the height, width and inclination of the slope, and the designed lattice beams are formed according to the formwork and then poured with concrete, and then demoulded after curing; in this embodiment, The lattice beams include a number of staggered beam bodies, and a number of grid areas are formed at intervals between the beam bodies to expose the mountain. The grid areas are one or more of triangles, rectangles, and polygons to pass through. Each beam supports and reinforces the slope to prevent the mountain from sliding down. Then, the lattice beams are designed and poured on the side slope of the slope and the supporting anchor plates are installed and maintained. Specifically, the anchor plates are installed at the intersections of each beam body. In this embodiment, the lattice beam is cast with C25 or C30 concrete, with a pouring depth of 40cm to 50cm, and is cured with film covering for 7 to 10 days.

S42: Backfill the lattice beam squares with nutrient soil and compact them.

Specifically, the backfill area is determined based on the grid area defined by the beam body of the poured lattice beam. The thickness of the backfill nutrient soil is higher than or equal to the depth of the lattice beam. After the maintenance of the lattice beam is completed, the backfill area is The interior is backfilled with nutrient soil and then compacted to provide nutrients for plant production and accelerate the ecological restoration process.

In this embodiment, the nutrient soil is mixed with cake fertilizer and poultry manure according to a first preset ratio and fermented to obtain fermentation raw materials, and then the fermentation raw materials are mixed with the original soil or peat soil of the area to be repaired according to the first preset ratio. The nutrient soil is obtained after mixing two preset parts ratio. When implemented specifically, the first preset ratio of the cake fertilizer to poultry manure is 9:1, and the second preset ratio of the fermentation raw material to the original soil or peat soil is 1:50; during the nutrient soil During the backfilling and compaction process, the backfill thickness of the nutrient soil is 30 cm to 50 cm, and the compaction coefficient of the nutrient soil is 0.9 to 0.95.

S43: Pour ecological concrete on nutrient soil and maintain it.

After the nutrient soil is backfilled and compacted, ecological concrete is poured on the nutrient soil in the backfill area and maintained to provide a stable growth environment for the plants. The ecological concrete covers the nutrient soil so that the nutrient soil is not easily lost and can be maintained for a long time. Provides nutrients for plant growth, eliminating the need for frequent or long-term artificial maintenance. In this embodiment, the ecological concrete is poured using aggregates with a particle size of 20 cm to 40 cm, the pouring thickness of the ecological concrete is 10 cm to 15 cm, and the curing time of the ecological concrete is 7 to 10 days. In this embodiment, ecological concrete with a larger particle size is used as the surface layer. It has high porosity and interconnected pores. It has good water and air permeability, which is conducive to the growth of plant roots, and it is in direct contact with the plant, so that Plant roots can directly pass through the pores of ecological concrete and penetrate deep into the nutrient soil and even into the gaps in the mountain to increase the plant's survival rate and adhesion to the mountain, thereby improving the ecological restoration effect.

S44: Plant vegetation on ecological concrete.

After the ecological concrete curing is completed, vegetation is planted on the ecological concrete. In this embodiment, the plants selected for the vegetation are one or more types of herbs, vines or small shrubs, and during planting, the method of planting lawns and/or the weight of 10g/square meter to Plant the vegetation by sowing seeds at 20g/square meter, and spray and maintain the plants after the planting is completed to promote the root system of the plants to penetrate deep into the ecological concrete and nutrient soil.

S5: Construct the foot of the slope.

Specifically, concrete is used to build the slope foot, and the slope foot is connected to the lattice beam, so that the slope foot and the lattice beam form a whole, thereby increasing the strength of the slope foot and the lattice beam. In this embodiment, the slope foot is made of concrete with a strength of C25 or C30.

The ecological restoration and management method of the mountain in this embodiment is simple and easy to construct, which can ensure the stability of the mountain and repair the ecological environment of the mountain, so that the repaired ecosystem can be maintained for a long time without frequent manual maintenance. It can effectively save labor costs; and perform corresponding repairs according to different mountain types, which can make the mountain more stable after repair to reduce the risk of landslides and water and soil erosion; at the same time, by pouring lattice beams on the slopes and lattice structures Vegetation is sown, transplanted or sown within the beams. The lattice beams can be used with anchor plates to further strengthen the mountain. The vegetation is sown, transplanted or sown within the square area limited by the lattice beams, which also has stable edges. The dual role of slope and ecological coordination reduces the risk of landslides and soil erosion.

In addition, in this embodiment, before planting, transplanting or sowing vegetation, the mountain exposed in the grid area defined by the lattice beams is backfilled with nutrient soil before planting, and ecological concrete is poured and maintained, which can improve the planting environment of the vegetation. Adjust so that the area where vegetation is planted has a unified ecological environment, thereby improving the survival rate of seeds and plants and promoting the growth of seeds and plants; at the same time, large-size aggregates are used as ecological concrete to be poured on the nutrient soil , Ecological concrete has high porosity, which is conducive to the growth of seeds and plant roots, and helps its roots penetrate the surface layer and penetrate deep into the gaps in the mountain to further improve the survival rate of plants.

The present invention will be further described below through specific examples during actual repair.

Example 1

S101: Mountain division.

Determine the type of mountain to be repaired, and then divide the mountain area to be repaired into areas of different height and slope types based on the height and slope of the corresponding mountain.

S102: Construction preparation. The mountain area to be repaired is measured and laid out, and the top platform, slope and slope foot excavation boundaries are determined based on the designed excavation depth and slope slope, and the slope is leveled within the excavation boundaries.

S103: Top platform repair. The piles on the top platform of the mountain are reduced and reinforced, the slope of the top platform is adjusted, and drainage ditches and diversion channels are excavated on the flattened top platform according to the designed positions of the drainage ditches and diversion channels.

S104: Slope repair.

S1041: Pouring lattice beams. The lattice beams are poured along the slope and the supporting anchor plates are designed and installed. The strength of the lattice beams is C30, the depth is 50cm, and they are covered with film and cured for 7 days after pouring.

S1042: Backfill with planting nutrient soil. Cake fertilizer and poultry manure are mixed according to the ratio of 9:1 and then fermented to form fermentation raw materials. The fermentation raw materials and the original soil are then mixed according to the ratio of 1:50 to obtain nutrient soil. The nutrient soil is used for backfilling. The backfill thickness is 45cm, and it is compacted after backfilling. The compaction coefficient is 0.92.

S1043: Pouring ecological concrete. Select aggregates with a particle size of 20cm to 40cm to mix to form ecological concrete, and then pour the ecological concrete on the nutrient soil to a thickness of 10cm, and maintain it for 7 days after pouring.

S1044: Vegetation establishment. After the ecological concrete maintenance is completed, bermudagrass lawn is planted on the ecological concrete and sprinkled with water for maintenance.

S105: Construction of slope foot. Concrete with a strength of C30 is used to build the slope foot and is connected to the slope lattice beam.

Example 2

S201: Mountain division. Determine the type of mountain to be repaired, and then divide the mountain area to be repaired into areas of different height and slope types based on the height and slope of the corresponding mountain.

S202: Construction preparation. The mountain area to be repaired is measured and laid out, and the top platform, slope and slope foot excavation boundaries are determined based on the designed excavation depth and slope slope, and the slope is leveled within the excavation boundaries.

S203: Top platform repair. The piles on the top platform of the mountain are reduced and reinforced, the slope of the top platform is adjusted, and drainage ditches and diversion channels are excavated on the flattened top platform according to the designed positions of the drainage ditches and diversion channels.

S204: Slope repair.

S2041: Pouring lattice beams. The lattice beams are poured along the slope surface and the supporting anchor plates are designed and installed. The strength of the lattice beams is C25, the depth is 45cm, and they are covered with film and cured for 7 days after pouring.

S2042: Backfill with planting nutrient soil. Cake fertilizer and poultry manure are mixed according to the ratio of 9:1 and then fermented to form fermentation raw materials. The fermentation raw materials and the original soil are then mixed according to the ratio of 1:50 to obtain nutrient soil. The nutrient soil is used for backfilling. The backfill thickness is 40cm, and it is compacted after backfilling. The compaction coefficient is 0.92.

S2043: Pouring ecological concrete. Select aggregates with a particle size of 20cm to 40cm to mix to form ecological concrete, and then pour the ecological concrete on the nutrient soil to a thickness of 10cm, and maintain it for 7 days after pouring.

S2044: Vegetation establishment. After the ecological concrete curing is completed, sow raw ryegrass seeds or setaria seeds on the ecological concrete with a weight of 15g/square meter, and cover it with non-woven fabric and sprinkle water for curing.

S205: Construction of slope foot. Concrete with a strength of C25 is used to build the slope foot and is connected to the slope lattice beam.

Example 3

S301: Mountain division. Determine the type of mountain to be repaired, and then divide the mountain area to be repaired into areas of different height and slope types based on the height and slope of the corresponding mountain.

S302: Construction preparation. The mountain area to be repaired is measured and laid out, and the top platform, slope and slope foot excavation boundaries are determined based on the designed excavation depth and slope slope, and the slope is leveled within the excavation boundaries.

S303: Top platform repair. The piles on the top platform of the mountain are reduced and reinforced, the slope of the top platform is adjusted, and drainage ditches and diversion channels are excavated on the flattened top platform according to the designed positions of the drainage ditches and diversion channels.

S304: Slope repair.

S3041: Pouring lattice beams. The lattice beams are poured along the slope and the supporting anchor plates are designed and installed. The strength of the lattice beams is C30, the depth is 40cm, and they are covered with film and cured for 7 days after pouring.

S3042: Backfill with planting nutrient soil. Cake fertilizer and poultry manure are mixed according to the ratio of 9:1 and then fermented to form fermentation raw materials. The fermentation raw materials and the original soil are then mixed according to the ratio of 1:50 to obtain nutrient soil. The nutrient soil is used for backfilling. The backfill thickness is 32cm, and it is compacted after backfilling. The compaction coefficient is 0.92.

S3043: Pouring ecological concrete. Select aggregates with a particle size of 20cm to 40cm to mix to form ecological concrete, and then pour the ecological concrete on the nutrient soil to a thickness of 10cm, and maintain it for 7 days after pouring.

S3044: Vegetation establishment. After the ecological concrete maintenance is completed, plant ivy at the foot of the slope with a row spacing of 1 meter. At the same time, sow Setaria grass seeds with a weight of 10g/square meter on the ecological concrete on the slope, and cover it with non-woven fabric to sprinkle water for maintenance.

S305: Construction of slope foot. Concrete with a strength of C30 is used to build the slope foot and is connected to the slope lattice beam.

Claims (10)

1. A mountain ecological restoration and management method, which is characterized by including the following steps: The mountain to be repaired is divided according to height and slope, where the mountain at least includes a top platform, slopes and/or slope toes; Adjust the slope of the top platform and make repairs to the top platform; Pouring lattice beams and planting vegetation on the treated slope based on the lattice beams; Build the foot of the slope and connect the lattice beams. 2. A mountain ecological restoration and management method according to claim 1, characterized in that, after the step of dividing the mountain to be restored according to height and slope, it also includes the following steps: The construction prepares and determines the excavation boundaries of the top platform, slope and slope foot, and smoothes the slope based on the excavation boundaries. 3. A mountain ecological restoration and management method according to claim 1, characterized in that, in the step of adjusting the slope of the top platform and repairing the top platform, the specific method of repairing the top platform is: Level the pile on the top platform of the mountain and adjust the slope of the top platform; excavate drainage ditches and diversion canals on the adjusted top platform according to the designed position, and guide the drainage ditches into the diversion canal before converging. to the designated area. 4. A mountain ecological restoration and management method according to claim 1, characterized in that, in the step of pouring lattice beams and performing vegetation construction on the treated slope based on the lattice beams, the method includes: The following sub-steps: Design and pour lattice beams on the slope sides and install and maintain supporting anchor plates; Determine the backfill area based on the poured lattice beams. After the maintenance of the lattice beams is completed, backfill the nutrient soil in the backfill area and compact it; Pour ecological concrete on the nutrient soil based on the backfill area and maintain it; After the ecological concrete curing is completed, vegetation is planted on the ecological concrete. 5. A mountain ecological restoration and management method according to claim 4, characterized in that in the steps of designing and pouring lattice beams on the slope of the slope and installing and maintaining supporting anchor plates, The lattice beam includes a number of staggered beam bodies, and a number of square grid areas are formed at intervals between the beam bodies to expose the mountain. The square grid areas are one or more of triangles, rectangles, and polygons. The anchors The pole plate is installed at the intersection position of each beam body. 6. A mountain ecological restoration and management method according to claim 4, characterized in that the backfill area is determined based on the poured lattice beams, and after the maintenance of the lattice beams is completed, the nutrient soil is backfilled in the backfill area. In the compacting step, the nutrient soil is prepared by the following method: The cake fertilizer and poultry manure are mixed and fermented according to a first preset ratio to obtain fermentation raw materials, and then the fermentation raw materials are mixed with the original soil or peat soil of the area to be repaired according to a second preset ratio to obtain The nutrient soil. 7. A mountain ecological restoration and management method according to claim 4, characterized in that the backfill area is determined based on the poured lattice beams, and after the maintenance of the lattice beams is completed, the nutrient soil is backfilled in the backfill area. In the tamping step, the backfill thickness of the nutrient soil is 30 cm to 50 cm, and the tamping coefficient of the nutrient soil is 0.9 to 0.95. 8. A mountain ecological restoration and management method according to claim 4, characterized in that, in the step of pouring ecological concrete on the nutrient soil based on the backfill area and performing maintenance, the ecological concrete adopts a particle size of 20 cm It is obtained by pouring ~40cm of aggregate, and the pouring thickness of the ecological concrete is 10cm~15cm. 9. A mountain ecological restoration and management method according to claim 4, characterized in that, after the ecological concrete maintenance is completed, in the step of planting vegetation on the ecological concrete, the method of planting lawn and / Or plant the vegetation by sowing seeds with a weight of 10g/square meter to 20g/square meter, and spray and maintain the plants after the planting is completed. 10. A mountain ecological restoration and management method according to claim 4, characterized in that, after the ecological concrete maintenance is completed, in the step of planting vegetation on the ecological concrete, the plants selected for the vegetation are One or more types of herbs, vines or small shrubs.