CN116851921A - Laser texturing system, method, prefabricated plate and rail vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention first provides a laser texturing system, which includes a laser, a rotating mirror system, a control system and a sensing device. The control system is connected to the laser and the rotating mirror system through a communication system respectively. According to the built-in laser texturing method, Control the working status of the laser and the rotating mirror system respectively; the laser accepts the control instructions from the control system to turn on and off, and emits laser light with predetermined parameters according to the control instructions; the rotating mirror system includes a polyhedral prism, with the polyhedral side of the polyhedral prism facing the direction of the laser. After the laser is refracted by the polyhedral prism, a texturing path is formed on the surface of the workpiece; the sensing device is connected to the control system, detects the edge signal during the transfer of the polyhedral prism, and controls the high-frequency on and off of the laser through the control system, so that the laser beam avoids the polyhedron. The corners of the prism. The invention further provides a laser texturing method, prefabricated panels and rail vehicles.

Description

Laser texturing system and method, prefabricated plate and railway vehicle

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of surface treatment, in particular to a laser texturing system and method, a prefabricated plate and a railway vehicle.

Background

In order to improve the adhesion of paint to a substrate, roughening treatment is generally required to be performed on the surface of a workpiece before painting, and the effect of increasing the adhesion of a paint layer on the surface of the workpiece is achieved by improving the roughness of the surface of the workpiece. The traditional roughening method generally adopts a sand blasting or polishing process to realize roughening treatment, but a large amount of dust is generated in the sand blasting and polishing treatment process, so that the roughening method has great noise pollution, poor working environment and environmental protection hidden danger and occupational health risks. Meanwhile, the sand blasting and polishing treatment are easy to deform and damage large thin-wall components, and the sand blasting and polishing are used as a rough surface treatment mode, so that the roughened surface roughness is uneven, the adhesion of the paint layer in the later stage is uneven, and the problem that the paint layer is mottled and falls off easily occurs.

At present, the rail vehicle adopts a roughening mode of sand blasting or polishing before paint spraying, along with the increasingly strict environmental protection policy and increasingly prominent occupational health problems, the technology and equipment for roughening, which are high-efficiency and environment-friendly and easy to realize automation, replace the original mode of sand blasting and polishing, and reduce dust, noise and other pollution generated in the operation process.

In recent years, laser technology has been used in engineering applications in the field of rail vehicle welding and cleaning. Compared with sand blasting and polishing, the laser roughening method has the advantages of non-contact, no damage to the base material, accurate construction, no dust, environmental protection, automation operation and the like. The laser texturing technology utilizes the fast fusing principle to focus and irradiate the laser beam with high energy density output by a laser on the surface of a material, instantly melts the irradiated material surface due to the action of laser energy to generate a molten pool, and rapidly cools the molten pool to form a fine volcanic pit micro-texture morphology with compact tissues on the material surface, thereby achieving the purposes of increasing the surface roughness and improving the paint adhesion.

At present, a galvanometer type scanning system is generally adopted for laser texturing, and after laser enters a scanning galvanometer at a certain angle, the galvanometer rotates, and reflected laser generates deflection. With the high-speed reciprocating vibration of the vibrating mirror, the reflected laser forms a certain scanning range.

In the prior art, the laser texturing machine is limited by the mechanical structure of a galvanometer system, the current scanning line width of 100mm used for laser texturing has the bottleneck of low operation efficiency, and the production takt requirement in the manufacturing process of large-scale components such as railway vehicles is difficult to meet. Therefore, the working efficiency of laser texturing needs to be greatly improved so as to meet the requirements of engineering application.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention mainly aims to solve the problems and the defects, and firstly provides a laser texturing system which controls laser to scan the surface of a workpiece to realize texturing operation by adjusting a turning mirror system, and is provided with a sensing device to control the laser to be turned off when a laser beam passes through a corner of a turning mirror so as to avoid the problem of overhigh internal temperature of the turning mirror system caused by diffuse reflection of the laser beam at the corner of the turning mirror.

A second object of the present invention is to provide a laser texturing method.

The invention further provides a prefabricated plate and a railway vehicle.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention firstly provides a laser texturing system, which adopts the following technical scheme:

a laser texturing system comprises a laser, a rotating mirror system, a control system and an induction device, wherein,

the control system is respectively connected with the laser and the turning mirror system through the communication system, and respectively controls the working states of the laser and the turning mirror system according to a built-in laser texturing method;

the laser device receives a control instruction of the control system, starts and shuts down, and emits laser with preset parameters according to the control instruction;

the rotating mirror system comprises a polyhedral prism, the polyhedral side surface of the polyhedral prism faces the direction of the laser, and after laser is refracted by the polyhedral prism, a texturing path is formed on the surface of the workpiece;

The sensing device is connected with the control system, detects the angular signal in the rotating process of the polyhedral prism, and controls the high-frequency on-off of the laser through the control system, so that the laser beam avoids the angular position of the polyhedral prism.

Further, the sensing device comprises a photoelectric sensor and an antenna, wherein the antenna is assembled and fixed in front of the corner angle of the polyhedral prism, and the sensor detects the position of the antenna and sends the position of the antenna to the control system.

Further, the device also comprises a distance sensor and a baffle plate, wherein the distance sensor detects the distance between the two texturing points before and after the current texturing point or the point with a certain distance before and after the current texturing point and the distance sensor, and the baffle plate reduces the misleading of the laser to the detection of the distance sensor.

Further, a focusing mirror for condensing the laser beam is arranged between the polygon prism and the laser, and a collimator and a reflector for adjusting the light emitting direction of the polygon prism are arranged between the focusing mirror and the laser.

The second invention aims to provide a laser texturing method, which adopts the following technical scheme:

a laser texturing method includes scanning laser emitted by a laser through a turning mirror system to scan the surface of a workpiece, texturing the surface of the workpiece, and controlling high-frequency on-off of the laser by a control system according to received edge angle signals in the texturing process to enable laser beams to avoid edges angles of a polyhedral prism.

Further, when the height difference between the distance measuring sensor and the two texturing points or the points with a certain distance from the front and the rear of the front texturing point is larger than a preset value, the current texturing surface is considered to be a curved surface and/or the next texturing point enters a curved surface structure, and the control system adjusts laser parameters according to the interval where the height difference is located.

Further, when the surface of the workpiece being roughened is a curved surface and/or the next roughening point enters a curved surface structure, the control system controls the laser focal length of the next roughening point to be H+Deltah/2, and H is the focal length of the current roughening point.

Further, when the difference in height delta h is not less than 0.5mm, the surface of the workpiece which is considered to be roughened is a curved surface and/or the next roughening point enters a curved surface structure.

The third invention aims to provide a prefabricated plate, which adopts the following technical scheme:

a prefabricated panel is roughened by a laser roughening method as described above.

A fourth object of the present invention is to provide a railway vehicle, which adopts the following technical scheme:

a rail vehicle comprising a body, the body being roughened by a laser roughening system as described in the preceding paragraphs.

In summary, the laser texturing system, the laser texturing method, the prefabricated plate and the railway vehicle provided by the invention have the following technical advantages compared with the prior art:

(1) The polygon prism is arranged to replace the traditional galvanometer, and the rotation of the prism is matched with the laser emission, so that the wide range of laser scanning is greatly expanded, and the laser texturing efficiency is obviously improved;

(2) The laser distance measuring system is integrated in the laser, so that the laser distance measuring system can be used for roughening a curved surface workpiece based on a planar structure, and laser roughening of large workpieces such as railway vehicles and the like including planar surfaces and curved surfaces can be realized;

(3) By controlling the laser path and the scanning speed, the purpose of uniform roughening is realized, and the quality state of roughening operation is improved.

(4) The laser roughening equipment and the mechanical arm are integrated to realize the laser roughening automatic operation of the railway vehicle;

(5) Through setting up induction system, detect the signal of edges and corners and then control the high frequency break-make of laser, make laser beam avoid the edges and corners department of polygon prism to avoid laser beam to lead to the fact the inside too high problem of temperature of turning mirror system through turning mirror edges and corners department diffuse reflection problem.

Description of the drawings:

fig. 1: the invention relates to a schematic diagram of laser texturing equipment;

fig. 2: the invention relates to a schematic action diagram of a movable focusing mirror in laser texturing equipment;

fig. 3: the invention relates to a laser scanning angle schematic diagram in laser texturing equipment;

Fig. 4: the invention relates to a laser scanning line schematic diagram in laser texturing equipment;

fig. 5: the invention relates to a detection and instantaneous dynamic control schematic diagram of a laser over-edge signal in laser texturing equipment;

fig. 6: the invention relates to a schematic diagram of a corner sensing device in laser texturing equipment;

fig. 7: the invention relates to a side view schematic diagram of a corner induction device in laser texturing equipment;

fig. 8: the invention relates to a haired point height detection schematic diagram in the operation process of laser haired equipment;

fig. 9: the invention relates to a focal length adjustment schematic diagram in laser cleaning texturing equipment for curved surface workpieces based on a planar structure;

fig. 10: the invention relates to a structural schematic diagram of a laser texturing system;

fig. 11: the invention relates to a structural schematic diagram of texturing equipment in a laser texturing system;

fig. 12: the invention relates to a schematic diagram of cooperation operation of a texturing device, a gantry and a manipulator in a laser texturing system;

in the figure: the laser device comprises a control system 1, a laser 2, a rotating mirror system 3, a polygon prism 31, a shell 311, a focusing mirror 32, a reflecting mirror 33, a lens 34, a collimator 35, a light beam 4, a workpiece 5, a distance measuring sensor 6, a photoelectric sensor 7, a red light generator 71, a red light reflector 72, a red light receiver 73, an antenna 8, a railway vehicle 9, a portal frame 10, a mechanical arm 11, a control panel 12, a mounting frame 13, a mounting plate 14, a driving motor 15 and a connecting rod 16.

Detailed Description

The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and the detailed description.

The invention provides a laser texturing system, which comprises laser texturing equipment, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, wherein the laser texturing equipment comprises a control system 1, a laser 2 and a turning mirror system 3, wherein:

the control system 1 is respectively connected with the laser 2 and the rotating mirror system 3 through a communication system, is internally provided with a laser texturing method and respectively controls the working states of the laser 2 and the rotating mirror system 3 according to a preset control method; the communication system comprises an optical fiber transmission system and a control signal transmission system, and realizes communication connection in a signal connection or electric connection mode;

the laser 2 receives a control instruction of the control system 1, starts and shuts down, and emits laser with preset parameters according to the control instruction; in the present embodiment, the laser 2 is a high-power pulse laser; furthermore, the laser 2 provided by the invention further comprises a laser head and other actuating mechanisms, which are conventional techniques and are not described in detail;

the rotating mirror system 3 comprises a polygon mirror 31, as shown in fig. 1, the polygon side surface of the polygon mirror 31 faces the direction of the laser 2, laser is incident on the side surface of the polygon mirror 31, the polygon mirror 31 is controlled to rotate by the control system 1, the incident angle of the laser on the polygon mirror 31 is changed, and after refraction, an X-direction cleaning texturing path is formed on the surface of the workpiece 5.

Further, a focusing mirror 32 is further arranged between the polygon mirror 31 and the laser head, the laser beam 4 is focused and then transmitted to the polygon mirror 31, a collimator 35 and a reflecting mirror 33 are further arranged between the laser head and the focusing mirror 32, the collimator 35 adjusts laser, and the reflecting mirror 33 adjusts the laser transmission direction; a lens 34 is provided between the light emitting direction of the polygon mirror 31 and the workpiece 5, and the lens 34 is a planar lens, which protects the entire rotary mirror system 3.

In this embodiment, the rotating polygon mirror 31 is used as the scanning mechanism instead of the conventional galvanometer system, the focusing mirror 32 is moved back and forth to dynamically adjust the focusing height of the laser beam 4, when the position of the focusing mirror 32 is fixed, the focal length of the focusing mirror 32 is fixed, the distance from the lens 34 to the surface of the workpiece 5 changes during the rotation process of the polygon mirror 31, that is, during the scanning process, as shown in fig. 2, a path 1 and a path 2 can be formed, and the focusing mirror 32 is adjusted back and forth to focus the laser beam 4, so that the total path of the laser beam 4 reaching the surface of the workpiece 5 through the focusing mirror 32 is equal to the focal length, the problem that the focal length of the laser beam acting on the surface of the workpiece 5 during the scanning process is uniform, and the problem that the roughening points are uneven due to the focal length change of the dynamic adjustment center region and the edge region is ensured, thereby ensuring that the uniform roughening effect is achieved during the roughening of the curved surface structure.

The movement amplitude of the focusing mirror 32 is correlated with the scanning amplitude, and the movement speed of the focusing mirror 31 is correlated with the polygon mirror rotation speed. In practical applications, the specific values of the laser parameters can be used to determine whether the collimator 35, the reflector 33, and the lens 34 need to be used, and the specific positions during the use process according to the cleaning and texturing requirements.

As shown in fig. 1 and 2, a focusing mirror 32 is disposed between the polygon mirror 31 and the reflecting mirror 33, and the setting angle of the reflecting mirror 33 is determined according to the degree of the included angle of the polygon mirror 31, so that the laser light is emitted to the working surface of the workpiece 5 at a preset angle after being continuously reflected by the reflecting mirror 33 and the polygon mirror 31. In practical applications, the focusing mirror 32 may also be disposed between the polygon mirror 31 and the workpiece 5, such as between the polygon mirror 31 and the lens 34, and between the lens 34 and the workpiece 5, and further, the focusing mirror 32 may also be integrated with the lens 34. The laser focal length can be adjusted by moving the position and the amplitude.

In the present embodiment, an obvious effect of using the turning mirror system 3 instead of the conventional galvanometer is that the scanning width of the laser is greatly expanded, and the working efficiency of laser texturing can be greatly improved. Taking an octahedral prism as an example, as shown in fig. 3, the prism rotates by an angle of 360 ° -8=45°, and the laser scans by an angle 2 times the rotation angle of the prism, that is, 45 ° -x2=90°, every time one reflecting surface is rotated. Considering the laser power and the optical path in combination, as shown in fig. 4, the theoretical linewidth of the laser scan is 800mm when the distance from the octahedral prism to the workpiece is 400 mm. The actual measured scan line width was 700mm, considering that the laser needs to be turned off (with some advance) at the corner angle.

Another obvious effect is to greatly increase the scanning speed, taking line width of 700mm as an example, setting the rotating speed of the high-speed motor driving the octahedral mirror to 1000r/min, the number of planes rotating within 1s to 8×1000/60=133 planes, and the scanning speed to 700mm×133/1 s=93 m/s.

Further, the laser texturing device provided in this embodiment may be widely used in texturing operations of various structural surfaces, and is particularly suitable for texturing operations of curved workpieces based on planar structures, and is matched with a corresponding mechanical arm 11 to implement automatic texturing operations.

The curved surface workpiece based on the planar structure, that is, the planar structure is used as a main body, curved surfaces are locally arranged, such as the roof, the side wall and the roof and the side wall connecting parts of the vehicle body, the middle part is a plane, the two sides are arc curved surfaces or corrugated plates, and adjacent corrugations are connected by planes, when the curved surface workpiece based on the planar structure is cleaned and roughened, the distances between the planar part and the curved surface part and the polyhedral prism 31 are different, the distance between the focusing mirror 32 and the polyhedral prism 31 is required to be adjusted to adjust the focal length, and the uniform roughening is carried out on the surface of the workpiece 5, so that the problem that the roughening is not in place or excessive due to the height difference is avoided.

In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 8, the ranging system includes two ranging sensors 6 perpendicular to the machining direction, and are separately disposed on two sides of the laser head and on the same horizontal plane, and respectively detect the height (the distance between the ranging sensor 6 and the corresponding surface of the workpiece 5) of the predetermined distance before and after (the scanning direction, the X direction in fig. 1) the roughened point on the surface of the workpiece 5 and/or the roughened point before and after, and set up a partition board on two sides of the ranging sensor 6 to isolate the signal interference of the laser beam 4 on the ranging system, so that the data measured by the ranging system is more accurate.

Considering that in this embodiment, the turning mirror system 3 is disposed between the laser head and the workpiece 5, the light emitting direction of the laser head is not necessarily perpendicular to the surface of the workpiece 5, and is different from the actual laser direction and position, in practical application, the installation position of the ranging system is set according to the specific configuration of the device, including but not limited to the lens 34 and the installation support of the polygon prism 31, so that the height of the front and rear positions of the texturing point can be achieved, the corresponding functions can be achieved without limitation and requirement, and the distance between the front and rear detection points and the texturing point is equal, so as to ensure the accuracy of the subsequent adjustment data, and improve the cleaning texturing efficiency.

The distance measuring system is connected with the control system 1 through a communication system, detection data are transmitted to the control system 1, the control system 1 judges whether the current working surface of the workpiece 5 is a curved surface or not according to a preset program related to a laser texturing method, namely, whether a height difference exists between the current texturing point and the next texturing point or not, and the focal length is adjusted according to the preset program.

When the laser 2 starts to work to perform roughening and the two distance measuring sensors 6 start to work at the same time, when the heights measured by the two distance measuring sensors 6 are the same (the allowable error is less than or equal to 0.5 mm), detection data are fed back to the control system 1, the control system 1 determines that the surface being roughened is a plane, and the control system 2 maintains the current laser working parameters and maintains the relative positions of all components in the rotary mirror system 3 and the rotation speed of the rotary mirror;

when the two ranging sensors 6 detect that the height difference exists between the front and rear positions of the texturing point and the height difference is larger than a preset value, the surface to be cleaned and textured currently is considered to be a curved surface, or the next texturing point enters a curved surface structure, the control system 1 selects corresponding laser parameters from a database of pre-stored height differences and laser parameters (including focal lengths) in the system according to specific data of the height difference, and controls the laser 2 and the rotating mirror system 3 to perform corresponding adjustment, including but not limited to adjusting focal lengths of laser beams, so that uniform cleaning and texturing operation is performed on the surface of the workpiece 5.

Specifically, the preset height difference value can be set to be 0.5mm, and the preset height difference value is the same as the detection error allowed by the system, so that error data and smaller camber data can be effectively removed, and the laser parameters and the control and adjustment laser 2 and the turning mirror system 3 are prevented from being frequently adjusted when smaller machining defects exist on the surface of the workpiece 5.

When the difference delta h I of the heights detected by the two distance measuring sensors 6 is larger than or equal to 0.5mm, the surface being roughened is a curved surface, and further, when the difference delta h I of the heights is larger than or equal to 0.5mm, as shown in 9, the control system 1 controls the laser head to adjust the focal moment to the delta h/2 height, and the database specific roughening parameters are called according to the degree of the curved surface to clean and roughen. The database classifies the height difference into a plurality of intervals, and each interval corresponds to different laser parameters and can specifically comprise:

when the delta h < 0.5mm is less than or equal to 0, the plane workpiece is regarded as a plane workpiece, default parameters are adopted, the average power of laser is 3000W-5000W, and the single-pass scanning width is 500 mm-700 mm;

when the delta h < 0.5 is less than 1.5mm, the curvature is considered to be smaller, the average power of the laser is 5000W-7000W, and the single-pass scanning width is 300 mm-500 mm;

when the delta h < 1.5mm is less than or equal to 3mm, the curvature is considered to be larger, the average power of the laser is 7000W-9000W, and the single-pass scanning width is 200 mm-300 mm;

When the delta h < 3mm is less than 4mm, the curvature is considered to be large, the average power of laser is 9000W-12000W, and the single-pass scanning width is 100 mm-200 mm;

when 4mm < Δh| indicates that the boundary has been reached, the laser stops the roughening operation and/or the control system 1 controls the laser 2 to return to the start of the next roughening path.

In this embodiment, by detecting the height difference between two predetermined points before and after the texturing point to determine whether the surface of the workpiece 5 being textured is a curved surface and/or is about to enter the curved surface, and controlling and adjusting the laser parameters according to the section to which the height difference belongs, and adjusting the focal length according to the height difference, as described above, the focal length of the texturing operation of the next texturing point can be changed to h+Δh/2 based on the current focal length H, as shown in fig. 8 and 9, or the focal length can be adaptively corrected according to the surface morphology parameters of the workpiece 5 according to other methods.

When judging whether the curved surface structure and/or the next texturing is curved, as shown in fig. 8, in the proceeding direction of texturing, two texturing points (which may be the next texturing point and the completed previous texturing point) before and after the texturing point or a height difference Δh=h1-H2 between a point at a certain distance before and after the texturing point and the distance measuring sensor is a negative value, which represents that the height of the next texturing point increases, the height difference is a negative value, which indicates that the height of the next texturing point decreases, and according to a preset program, the focal length is correspondingly shortened or stretched, for example, the focal length of the laser when determining the next texturing point is h+Δh/2, wherein H is the focal length of the current texturing point, and the focal length of the next texturing point can be determined according to other modes, wherein H1 is the distance between the adjacent texturing operation point which is finished before the current texturing point and the distance sensor, H2 is the distance between the operation point which is about to be textured and the distance sensor, or H1 is the height between the point which is a certain distance before the current texturing point and the distance sensor, and H2 is the height between the point which is a certain distance after the current texturing point and the distance sensor.

In the texturing operation, the polygon mirror 31 is controlled to keep stationary, that is, laser is continuously output at the same position on the surface of the workpiece 5, and texturing points are formed at the same position on the surface of the workpiece 5, thereby realizing laser texturing. The polygon prism rotates to realize continuous scanning texturing operation, a plurality of continuous texturing points are punched on the surface of the workpiece, the distance between adjacent texturing points is related to the pulse frequency and the rotation speed of the polygon prism 31, and the distance between adjacent texturing points can be adjusted by adjusting the pulse frequency and the rotation speed, so that the roughness of the surface of the workpiece 5 is adjusted. The control of the texturing spot size and distance is achieved by adjusting the stopping time, the rotating speed and the time of the polygon mirror 31.

In order to avoid the problem that the internal temperature of the rotating mirror system is too high due to diffuse reflection generated by the laser beam 4 passing through the corner of the polygon prism 3, in the embodiment, in the laser texturing process, the dynamic control technology is adopted to coordinate and correlate the pulse frequency of laser with the rotation of the rotating mirror, so that the purpose of closing the laser when the laser irradiates the corner of the rotating mirror system 3 and opening the laser after passing through the corner is realized, and the problem that the optical device is damaged due to the fact that the internal temperature of the rotating mirror system is too high due to the diffuse reflection of the laser is avoided. Meanwhile, the adjustment and control of the roughening degree, the size and the interval distribution of the roughening points can be realized by controlling the pulse frequency of laser and the rotating speed of the rotating mirror.

When the polygon prism 31 is adopted for scanning, the problem that the laser beam 4 is diffusely reflected by the corner is inevitably encountered, at the moment, the laser beam is irradiated on two turning mirror surfaces of the polygon prism 31 at the same time, the laser beam on one surface can normally scan the surface of a workpiece, the laser beam on the other surface can be scattered and enter a cavity of the laser texturing head, the cavity of the laser texturing head is operated for a long time or irradiated by a high-power laser source, and the optical device of the laser texturing head is extremely damaged. For this reason, when the polygon mirror 31 is turned to the corner, the laser 2 is controlled to stop emitting laser light, and after the corner is turned, the laser light emission is resumed.

Since the rotational speed of the polygon mirror 31 is extremely fast, the prism is crossed 1000 times per second, the interval between two times of prism crossing is less than 1 millisecond, the detection, judgment, transmission and response signals must be performed within a short 1 millisecond time, and finally the instantaneous dynamic control of the laser is realized. In order to realize the laser over-edge control, a sensing device capable of controlling the laser to be turned on and off when scanning to the edge angle of the polygon prism 31 is designed, such as a photoelectric sensor 7, and then the high-frequency on-off of the laser is controlled by detecting the edge angle signal, so that the laser beam avoids the edge angle of the polygon prism 31, and the instantaneous dynamic cooperative control effect of the laser space-time distribution is realized as shown in fig. 5.

The invention provides a sensing device for realizing laser over-edge control, which is shown in fig. 6, and comprises a photoelectric sensor 7, wherein an antenna 8 protruding from a mirror surface is arranged at each angular position of a polyhedral prism 31, the distance between the antenna 8 and the angular position is related to the rotation speed of the polyhedral prism 31, and the position of the antenna 8 does not influence the reflection of laser in the scanning process, namely, the laser does not irradiate the antenna 8, so that the texturing effect is influenced.

The antenna 8 is any one of a sheet-like, strip-like, and rope-like structure, has a bottom fixed to the corner and/or the position in front of the corner, and has a top inclined in the rotation direction and protruding from the top surface of the polygon prism 31. Further, in the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 6, the antenna 8 is provided on a fixed plate above any one of the top surfaces (mirror surfaces other than the laser scanning) of the polygon mirror 31, and the shape, size, and setting angle of the fixed plate are the same as those of the top surface of the polygon mirror 31, and are parallel to the top surface of the polygon mirror 31 and keep synchronous operation.

The bottom of the antenna 8 is fixed with the side of the fixed plate facing the photoelectric sensor, and is fixed at the corner (corresponding to the corner angle of the polygon prism 31) of the fixed plate, the antenna 8 is arranged slightly inclined, the top faces the rotation direction, or the antenna 8 is arranged in front of the rotation direction of the corner (corresponding to the corner angle of the polygon prism 31). The inclination angle of the antenna 8 is related to the length of the antenna 8 and the rotational speed. The antenna 8 may be arranged perpendicular to the fixed plate with the tip facing the photosensor, considering that the over-edge time is extremely short. The lead of the over-edge closing laser is formed by the diameter (width) of the antenna 8.

A certain distance is reserved between the fixing plate and the top surface of the polygon prism 31, and the distance is close to the photoelectric sensor, so that on one hand, the fixing plate can be prevented from influencing the rotation and laser scanning of the polygon prism 31, and on the other hand, the distance between the fixing plate and the photoelectric sensor 7 is closer, and the scanning time and the final response time of the photoelectric sensor 7 are reduced.

When the antenna 8 passes through the photoelectric sensor 7, the photoelectric sensor 7 detects that laser is about to scan into an edge angle, the control system 1 controls the laser 2 to turn off light, after a preset time, when the edge angle rotates through a laser scanning area, the antenna 8 leaves the detection range of the photoelectric sensor, the control system 1 controls the laser 2 to continue the scanning process, and the preset time is determined according to the rotation speed of the rotating mirror and the distance between the antenna 8 and the edge angle.

The antenna 8 is obliquely arranged and/or arranged in front of the corner, the top of the antenna 8 is detected by the photoelectric sensor, the antenna 8 at the corner is arranged in front of the corner, the antenna 8 is sensed to pass through when the corner is scanned, and the control system 1 controls the laser 2 to turn off light.

Further, as shown in fig. 7, the antenna 8 is located before the corner, the center point of the antenna 8 is located at the position of the center point of a light spot before the corner, the laser is turned off at the position, and correspondingly, the laser is turned on after turning over the distance of one light spot diameter of the corner, that is, when the corner is crossed, the laser is turned off, and the polyhedral corner is turned over the distance of one light spot diameter.

Further, as shown in fig. 3 and 12, in the present embodiment, the photosensor 7 includes a red light generator 71, a red light receiver 73, and a red light reflecting mirror 72, the red light generator 71 emits red light to the polygon mirror 31, the red light receiver 73 receives the red light continuously reflected by the polygon mirror 31 and the red light reflecting mirror 72, the red light receiver 73 is connected to the controller, and the received signal is sent to the controller.

When the red light receiver 73 receives the continuously reflected red light signal, the laser is normally reflected by the polygon prism 31, when the polygon prism 31 rotates to the angular position, the antenna 8 is arranged before the angular position, before the antenna passes, the antenna 8 reaches the point position of the red light on the polygon prism 31, after the red light is emitted onto the antenna 8, the red light is not reflected any more, the red light receiver 73 and the controller cannot receive the red light signal, the controller controls the laser to stop emitting the laser, when the red light receiver 73 receives the red light reflected signal again, the antenna passes, and the controller controls the laser to emit the laser again.

The laser texturing device provided by the invention is not only suitable for laser texturing operation of the small-sized workpiece 5, but also suitable for texturing operation of the large-sized workpiece, and realizes automatic laser texturing operation by connecting the laser texturing device with the mechanical arm 11 and matching with the laser texturing method.

Further, in order to realize automatic roughening operation, the laser roughening system comprises the laser roughening equipment and the mechanical arm 11, and according to the size and the structural characteristics of the workpiece to be roughened, the mechanical arm 11 is assembled and fixed with a corresponding matched structure, for example, the laser roughening equipment is assembled and fixed with the portal frame 10 and the mechanical arm 11, and the laser roughening equipment is assembled and fixed with the portal frame 10 through the mechanical arm 11 to perform laser roughening operation on the surface of a large-sized workpiece such as the outside of the vehicle body of the railway vehicle 9.

The control system 1 of the laser texturing device is integrated with a controller of the laser texturing system, that is, the control method of the laser texturing device is preset in the controller (hereinafter, collectively referred to as a control system), and the control processes of the mechanical arm 11 and the portal frame 10 are integrated in the control method, so as to realize texturing operation.

Taking the surface roughening operation of the body of the rail vehicle 9 as an example, as shown in fig. 10 to 11, the rail vehicle 9 to be roughened is placed on a workbench, a portal frame 10 is arranged on the workbench in a crossing manner along the advancing direction of the body, the bottom of the portal frame 10 is in sliding connection with the workbench, if a sliding rail is arranged on the workbench, the portal frame 10 can slide along the sliding rail, and the roughening equipment arranged on the portal frame 10 is driven to move along the advancing direction of the body, so that the roughening operation on the surface of the body is realized.

The texturing device is assembled and connected with the portal frame 10 through the mechanical arm 11, and as shown in fig. 9 and 11, in this embodiment, a part of texturing device is assembled on the cross beam and the two side stringers of the portal frame 10 through the mechanical arm 11. The mechanical arm 11 is slidably connected with the portal frame 10, and can move along a cross beam or a longitudinal beam of the portal frame 10 in a straight line, so as to adjust the position, drive the texturing equipment to translate, and comprehensively roughen the railway vehicle 9.

In the present application, the gantry 10 and the mechanical arm 11 drive the texturing device to automatically roughen the large-area workpiece, the gantry 10 and the mechanical arm 11 are conventional technologies in the technical field of automated processing, specific structures are not repeated, any structure in the prior art or in the future is suitable for the present application, and other devices capable of driving the texturing device to shift to realize the automated roughening operation of the large-area workpiece surface in the field of automated production can be adopted, including but not limited to the gantry 10 and the mechanical arm 11 described above.

When the device is used for roughening a large-area workpiece, the assembly structure of the components of the roughening device is shown in fig. 10, the roughening device is assembled and fixed with the mechanical arm 11 through the control board 12, a mounting frame 13 is arranged on one side of the bottom (the azimuth shown in fig. 10) of the control board 12, the mounting frame 13 is of a hollow square tube structure, one end of the mounting frame 13 is fixed with the control board 12, the other end of the mounting frame is fixed with the mounting board 14, and the rotating mirror system is connected with the mechanical arm 11 through the mounting board 14 and the control board 12.

The turning mirror system 3 is connected with the control board 12 through a mounting bracket and a mounting plate 14, and a sufficient distance is reserved between the turning mirror system 3 and the control board 12 through the mounting bracket, so that a sufficient assembly space is reserved for each structure in the turning mirror system 3.

To adjust the angle of incidence of the laser light and the distance to the roughened work surface, the turning mirror system is connected to the mounting plate 14 by an adjustment device. The adjusting device comprises a lifting device and a rotating device, the lifting device adjusts the distance between the rotating mirror system 3 and the working surface, and the rotating device drives the rotating mirror system 3 to rotate 360 degrees so as to adjust the incidence angle, the roughening direction and the like of laser.

The adjusting device is not an inventive key point of the invention, the specific structure is not limited, any device capable of adjusting vertical height and multidimensional direction in the prior art is suitable for the invention, and other adjusting structures possibly appearing in the future are also suitable for the invention.

As described above, the turning mirror system 3 includes the polygon mirror 31, as shown in fig. 12, the polygon mirror 31 housing case 311, the case 311 and the polygon mirror are coaxially fixed, the top surface of the case 311 is assembled and fixed with the mounting plate 14 directly and/or through the adjusting device, the bottom of the case 311 is provided with an opening, and the laser light is injected from the opening and irradiated onto the mirror surface of the polygon mirror 31.

The output shaft of the driving motor 15 passes through the housing 311 and is fixed to the axis of the polygon mirror 31, thereby driving the polygon mirror 31 to rotate.

The lens 34 is disposed below the opening position of the housing 311, and the lens 34 is fixed to the mounting plate 14 or the housing 311 outside the fixing plate or the polygon mirror 31 by the connection rod 16. The connecting rod 16 is provided at a position that does not affect the laser path. The laser beam reflected by the polygon mirror 31 passes through the lens 34 to form a roughened point on the body surface of the railway vehicle 9.

As shown in fig. 12, the laser 2 is connected to the collimator 35 by a connection plate fixed to the housing 311 of the lens 34 or to the connection rod 16 of the lens 34, thereby defining the relative positions of the laser, the collimator 35 and the lens 34. The collimator 35 is disposed coaxially with the laser 2 in the longitudinal direction, and the mirror 33 is disposed obliquely with respect to the orientation of the lens 34.

Below the collimator 35, a reflector 33 is provided, and the reflector 33 is assembled and fixed with any structure of the collimator 35 or the housing 311 of the lens 34, the mounting plate 14, the connecting rod 16, the control board 12, and the like through a connector. As shown in fig. 3, the laser light from the collimator 35 is incident on the mirror 33, and the laser light reflection path forms an angle of 45 ° with the central axis of the lens 34.

On the other side of the polygon mirror 31, the aforementioned red light reflecting mirror 72, red light generator 71 and red light receiver 73 are disposed, where the red light reflecting mirror 72 is assembled and connected with any one of the polygon mirror 31, the mounting board 14 and the control board 12, and the relative positions of the red light reflecting mirror 72, the red light generator 71 and the red light receiver 73 are determined according to the structural characteristics of the polygon mirror 31, the red light incident direction, the reflection angle, the installation position of the antenna 8, and the like, and the specific assembly structure of the red light generator 71 and the red light receiver is not shown in fig. 12, so that the assembly structure and the assembly connection mode with the turning mirror system 3 can be determined according to the specific field application situation. The focusing mirror 32 is lower than the opening position of the bottom of the housing 311 of the polygon mirror 31 in the longitudinal direction.

The reflector 33 and the red light generator 71 are respectively arranged at two sides of the bottom opening of the polygon mirror 31 in the longitudinal direction, and the laser output direction of the laser emitted from the laser 2 is adjusted by the reflector 33 after the laser is adjusted by the collimator 35 by adjusting the angle of the reflector 33; the setting position and the incidence angle of the red light generator 71 are adjusted so that the red light is received by the red light receiver 73 after being continuously reflected by the polygon mirror 31 and the red light reflecting mirror 72. As shown in fig. 3, the red light emission direction of the red light generator 71 forms an angle of 20 ° with the central axis of the lens 34, and the reflection path of the mirror 33 forms an angle of 45 ° with the central axis of the lens 34.

The focusing mirror 32 is not shown in fig. 12, and in practical application, the focusing mirror 32 is disposed at a position between the reflecting mirror 33 and the polygon mirror 31, and is located on the laser reflection path of the reflecting mirror 33. Or as described above, the focusing mirror 32 may be disposed between the polygon mirror 31 and the lens 34, and further, the focusing mirror 32 may be integrated with the lens 34, and the focal length may be adjusted by adjusting the position of the lens 34.

Two distance sensors 6 (not shown) are also provided on the polygon mirror 3, and a partition is provided at the distance sensors 6 to reduce misdirection of the laser light to the detection of the distance sensors 6.

It should be noted that, in fig. 10, only the relative positional relationship and structural characteristics of each structure of the texturing device in the laser texturing system provided by the present invention are shown, and the connection relationship and connection assembly between each structure are not important in the present invention, so that in practical application, the applicable connection structure and connection relationship are selected according to the application scenario and the structural characteristics of the plane to be textured, and the relative position and relative angle between each component of the rotating mirror system 3 are adjusted by the selected connection structure and connection relationship, so as to implement the texturing scanning operation.

In the present embodiment, when working the rail vehicle 9, the rail vehicle 9 to be roughened is 25.5m long, 3.38m wide and 3m high, the distance between the two stringers of the gantry 10, i.e. the width of the space in the gantry is 5m, and 4.3m high, a 12KW polygon prism laser texturing device is used, the average value of the texturing width is 500mm, the travelling speed in the texturing process is 15mm/s, and the converted texturing efficiency is 500mm×15 mm/s=27m ² And/h. When texturing, the portal frame 10 drives 3 sets of texturing equipment to move at a constant speed along the length direction of the carriage of the railway vehicle 9, and three-dimensional texturing operations are simultaneously carried out on the surface of the vehicle body. After the three surfaces in different directions of the vehicle body are roughened by one path respectively, the mechanical arm 11 moves a preset distance, for example, moves by one roughening width, and then turns back to perform roughening. The above-mentioned actions are repeated until the surface of the vehicle is completely roughened.

When the roughening control method is applied to roughening operation of the surface of the vehicle body of the railway vehicle 9, the control method further includes a control method for the mechanical arm 11, so as to implement automatic roughening operation of the vehicle body, and in this embodiment, when the roughening operation is performed on the surface of the vehicle body by using the roughening equipment as described above, the operation procedure is as follows:

S1, sample plate test:

before roughening the surface of the body of the railway vehicle 9, a roughening test is performed on a 500mm×500mm template by using a roughening device, and after roughening, whether the quality parameters such as roughness of the template meet the quality requirements (Ra is more than or equal to 6 μm and less than or equal to 20 μm) is detected. If the quality is met, the subsequent steps are carried out, and if the quality is not met, the roughening test is continued by adjusting laser parameters and other methods until the quality requirement is met.

In a laboratory, the mechanical arm 11 can be directly mounted on a workbench without being mounted on the portal frame 10, and a roughening test is performed on a template laid on the workbench. In the test process, the size of the applicable template is selected according to the roughening quality requirement, and corresponding roughening parameters applicable to on-site roughening are determined according to rough measurement distances between the surface of the vehicle body and roughening equipment on the roughening site.

S2, off-line programming:

and (5) performing laser texturing operation path planning by adopting offline programming software. The actual station coordinate coefficient value of the working surface to be roughened is obtained through the three-dimensional model diagram of the railway vehicle 9, and is imported into software to generate a tool coordinate system, a workpiece coordinate system is formed by selecting three points in a vehicle body model, a roughening working path is programmed, and meanwhile laser process parameters including, but not limited to, average power of laser, adjustable pulse width, repetition frequency, spot diameter and pulse energy are obtained and set according to the test condition of the step S1.

The conventional technological parameters can be set to have average laser power of 3000-12000W, scanning amplitude of 200-700 mm and laser spot diameter of 0.1-0.3 mm. In actual operation, parameter sets and operation paths required by various vehicle types and roughening can be formed into a process database, and the process database is set into a control system, so that corresponding programs are directly called when roughening operation is performed, and the efficiency of vehicle roughening operation is improved.

S3, vehicle body positioning:

the vehicle is moved to the texturing station by a vehicle moving machine and is fixed firmly, and the portal frame 10 is moved so as to move the laser texturing equipment to a preset starting point.

Before texturing operation is carried out, whether ventilation equipment such as a smoking device, a smoke purifier and the like are normal or not is checked in advance, and the working direction of the equipment is adjusted so as to ensure that dust generated in the texturing process is collected and treated in time in the texturing process.

The ventilation equipment matched with the laser texturing system comprises a dust collector and a smoke purifier, residues and dust generated in the texturing process can be effectively removed, and purified air is discharged after filtering, so that the laser texturing system is harmless to human bodies and environment in use and operation sites after use, and is environment-friendly.

S4, vehicle body scanning:

the laser texturing system further comprises a three-dimensional scanner connected with the mechanical arm 11, and the mechanical arm 11 drives the three-dimensional scanner to automatically scan the vehicle body to obtain actual space coordinate data of the vehicle body for subsequent texturing operation.

And meanwhile, comparing the obtained actual space coordinate data of the vehicle body with the model data obtained in the step S2 to finish detection of the surface state of the vehicle body, for example, whether the defects such as bulges, pits or dirt exist or not.

And when the acquired defect exceeds a preset value, alarming and prompting, and stopping the roughening operation.

S5, program calling:

after the vehicle body scanning is completed, when the defects (if any) on the surface of the vehicle body are within the allowable range, a preprogrammed automatic texturing operation program is selected.

S6, automatic roughening:

after confirming that the states of all the components are not abnormal, starting a laser texturing system, starting the operation of the components such as a laser, an automatic ranging system, a rotating mirror system 3 and the like, starting the laser by the laser 2, and driving a texturing device by a mechanical arm 11 to automatically roughen a vehicle body according to a planned path and set parameters.

When the polygon mirror 31 stops rotating to perform texturing operation, the ranging sensor detects height data between the two texturing points before and after the current texturing point or a point with a certain distance before and after the current texturing point and the ranging sensor, and transmits the height data to the control system, so as to calculate a height difference between the two points, and the control system obtains the height difference according to the calculation, and as described above, invokes corresponding data in the corresponding laser cleaning texturing parameter database, and adjusts and controls the working states and working parameters of the laser 2 and the rotating mirror system 3 based on the height difference, including but not limited to adjusting laser focal length.

When the laser 2 reaches the end of the preset stroke or when the difference in height between the front and rear of the texturing spot detected by the automatic ranging system is greater than a preset value (4 mm), the laser is regarded as having reached the working boundary, and the texturing is stopped. The laser returns to the next texturing point, and the step is repeated until the cleaning texturing of the whole workpiece is completed.

When the vehicle body side is provided with a window and/or the roof is provided with an air conditioner mounting port and other opening positions, when a single roughening path is planned in the roughening path and the whole carriage length operation is completed by crossing the window and the opening positions, when the laser 2 reaches the end of a preset stroke or when the height difference before and after the roughening point detected by the automatic ranging system is greater than a preset value (4 mm), further combining the vehicle body size of the vehicle body and the current operation point coordinate, judging whether to return to a next stroke of roughening point or not, wherein the height difference is greater than the preset value, and when the operation point coordinate reaches the end of the current operation stroke, stopping roughening by the laser and returning to the next stroke of roughening point; when the height difference is larger than a preset value and the coordinate of the working point is the position of the car window, the laser stops roughening, the portal frame 10 continuously slides along the working table, the laser acts again when the roughening equipment is driven to continue to travel to the position of the car window, the roughening operation, the height difference and the coordinate detection are repeated until the roughening operation reaches the tail end of the carriage, the roughening operation of the path is finished, and the laser returns to the next roughening point. Repeating the operation until the roughening operation is completed on the whole vehicle body.

It should be noted that, the laser described in this embodiment returns to the next roughening point, taking the roughening operation of the side surface of the original vehicle body as an example, including, but not limited to, first, returning to the initial roughening position, such as the origin of the X-axis of the origin of coordinates, adjusting the position of a light spot of the roughening device upward or downward, entering the initial position of the next roughening path, and performing the roughening operation; and secondly, adjusting the position of one light spot of the texturing device upwards or downwards at the current texturing position to serve as the initial position of the texturing path of the adjacent path.

When the texturing path is planned, the side surface of the vehicle body is divided into a plurality of texturing areas, for example, a first texturing area is planned on the upper side and the lower side of the opening position of the vehicle window, the position of the corresponding vehicle window is a second texturing area, the second texturing area is divided into a plurality of subareas at the same time, the position between every two adjacent vehicle windows is a subarea, and different texturing paths are planned for different areas.

And (3) respectively carrying out roughening operation on each roughening region according to a planned path as described above, and repeatedly carrying out the roughening operation until all the roughening regions are finished.

Further, when the texturing device is moved, the path switching can be realized by controlling the position of the mechanical arm 11 on the gantry 10, or the mechanical arm 11 comprises a plurality of joints, the position of the texturing device is adjusted by adjusting the relative position relationship among the joints, the texturing path switching is realized, and when the relative position relationship among the joints reaches or is about to reach the maximum distance that the mechanical arm 11 can be lifted, the position of the mechanical arm 11 on the gantry 10 is adjusted, so that the whole texturing operation process is completed.

S7, quality detection:

after the roughening operation is finished, the robot returns to the starting point, the control system drives the roughness detector to detect the roughness of the surface of the vehicle body according to a preset quality detection program by the mechanical arm 11, and whether the roughening quality of the detection point is qualified or not is automatically judged.

In this embodiment, taking laser roughening of the body of the rail vehicle 9 as an example, the laser roughening operation process is described in combination with a control method of the laser roughening device, in practical application, when the laser roughening system is applied to other fields to perform the roughening operation, according to the structural characteristics of the surface to be roughened, the matching structure connected with the roughening device is adaptively changed, for example, when the workpiece 5 is in a planar structure and can be tiled on a workbench, the portal frame 10 is not required, the mechanical arm 11 is slidably connected with the workbench to drive the roughening device to move, and the switching of the roughening path is realized by adjusting the relative positional relationship between the joints of the mechanical arm 11.

Furthermore, when the laser texturing device provided by the invention is introduced, the laser texturing method is provided at the same time, including but not limited to over-edge control, curved surface judgment and focal length adjustment during curved surface texturing. And the roughening method is integrated into the roughening operation process of the workpiece, so that the overall process control of workpiece roughening is realized.

The number of the robot arms 11 on the table and the number of the robot arms 11 performing the texturing operation at the same time are determined according to the size of the workpiece 5 and the maximum extension length of the robot arms 11.

Furthermore, the laser roughening system provided by the invention is not only suitable for roughening the smooth surface, but also suitable for roughening the workpiece 5 under the condition that the working surface is provided with a paint layer, and the paint layer is synchronously cleaned during roughening so as to carry out the painting operation again.

When the workpiece 5 with the paint layer is subjected to laser cleaning texturing, the overall operation steps are basically the same as those of the vehicle body texturing operation, and the steps are adaptively deleted and changed according to specific cleaning texturing operation requirements so as to complete corresponding cleaning texturing operation.

For cleaning Mao Hualai of the painted parts, the sample cannot be obtained, so the sample test process of step S1 can be removed, and after the previous equipment inspection, initial laser process parameters including, but not limited to, average power of laser, adjustable pulse width, repetition frequency, spot diameter and pulse energy are set according to the workpiece material, paint layer material and paint spraying requirements. The initial laser process parameters are determined according to the vertical distance and focal length between the current polyhedral prism 31 and the surface of the workpiece 5, for example, the average power of laser can be set to be 30W-1000W, the scanning amplitude is 20 mm-120 mm, and the laser spot diameter is 0.3 mm-0.1 mm.

The reference requirements on the material quality of the workpiece 5 include, but are not limited to, the workpiece material quality, the smoothness of the surface to be painted, the surface treatment requirement of the workpiece 5, the paint spraying requirements include, but are not limited to, the type of paint, viscosity, adhesion capability, paint spraying tools, paint spraying speed, paint spraying pressure and the like, the paint spraying and the material quality are combined respectively to determine the technological parameters in the texturing process, according to the paint spraying parameters corresponding to the workpiece material quality common to the production site, a technological database corresponding to different workpiece materials and paint layer thicknesses is formed according to experience and experimental verification results, the corresponding table of the parameter matching relation between the laser cleaning texturing control parameters corresponding to the different material quality and paint spraying requirements is determined, and the corresponding table is set in the control system 1, so that the texturing process is more targeted, and the setting efficiency of the technological parameters is improved.

In the conventional production process, corresponding laser cleaning texturing parameters are selected in a corresponding table according to the paint spraying requirements of the workpiece 5, and a control signal is sent to the laser 2 through the control system 1 to control the laser 2 to emit corresponding laser so as to effectively clean texturing the workpiece 5.

When the existing paint layer is required to be cleaned off on the surface of the workpiece 5, the laser beam 4 is utilized to enable the paint layer on the surface of the workpiece 5 to absorb laser energy to be sublimated or vaporized and evaporated instantly, the cleaning efficiency is higher, ventilation equipment and water cooling equipment are matched, and meanwhile pollution of paint layer gasified matters to the rotating mirror system 3 and harm to the health of staff are reduced.

In the laser cleaning process, different laser processing parameters and the times of repeated processing are set according to different paint layer thicknesses, the comprehensive laser power, the scanning width and the rotating speed of the polyhedral prism 31 are set to ensure the cleaning effect, and the better cleaning effect is obtained by selecting different process parameters, so that the cleaning efficiency is improved, and the method is as follows:

when the thickness of the paint layer is 60-100 mu m, the average power of the laser is 100-300W, the scanning width is 100-120 mm, and the rotating speed of the polyhedral prism 31 in the cleaning process is 7-10 r/s.

When the thickness of the paint layer is 100-200 mu m, the laser power is 300-400W, the scanning width is 80-100 mm, and the rotating speed of the polyhedral prism 31 in the cleaning process is 6-9 r/s.

When the thickness of the paint layer is more than 200 mu m, the laser power is 400-1000W, the scanning width is 60-800 mm, and the rotating speed of the polyhedral prism 31 in the cleaning process is 6-8 r/s.

Furthermore, the invention also provides a prefabricated plate, and the surface of the plate is pretreated by adopting the roughening direction according to the surface condition of the prefabricated plate so that the plate can be subjected to subsequent paint spraying operation.

In summary, the laser texturing system, the laser texturing method, the prefabricated plate and the railway vehicle provided by the invention have the following technical advantages:

(1) The polygon prism is arranged to replace the traditional galvanometer, and the rotation of the prism is matched with the laser emission, so that the wide range of laser scanning is greatly expanded, and the laser texturing efficiency is obviously improved;

(2) By integrating a ranging system in the laser, the laser can be used for roughening curved workpieces based on planar structures, and laser roughening of large workpieces including planar surfaces and curved surfaces such as railway vehicles 9 can be realized;

(3) By controlling the laser path and the scanning speed, the purpose of uniform roughening is realized, and the quality state of roughening operation is improved.

(4) The laser texturing equipment is integrated with the mechanical arm 11, so that the laser texturing automatic operation of the railway vehicle 9 is realized;

(5) Through setting up induction system, detect the signal of edges and corners and then control the high frequency break-make of laser, make laser beam avoid the edges and corners department of polygon prism to avoid laser beam to lead to the fact the inside too high problem of temperature of turning mirror system through turning mirror edges and corners department diffuse reflection problem.

As mentioned above, similar technical solutions can be derived in combination with the presented solution content. However, any simple modification, equivalent variation and modification of the above embodiments according to the technical substance of the present invention still fall within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A laser texturing system, characterized by: comprises a laser, a rotating mirror system, a control system and an induction device, wherein,

the control system is respectively connected with the laser and the turning mirror system through the communication system, and respectively controls the working states of the laser and the turning mirror system according to a built-in laser texturing method;

the laser device receives a control instruction of the control system, starts and shuts down, and emits laser with preset parameters according to the control instruction;

the rotating mirror system comprises a polyhedral prism, the polyhedral side surface of the polyhedral prism faces the direction of the laser, and after laser is refracted by the polyhedral prism, a texturing path is formed on the surface of the workpiece;

the sensing device is connected with the control system, detects the angular signal in the rotating process of the polyhedral prism, and controls the high-frequency on-off of the laser through the control system, so that the laser beam avoids the angular position of the polyhedral prism.

2. A laser texturing system as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the sensing device comprises a photoelectric sensor and an antenna, wherein the antenna is assembled and fixed in front of the corner of the polyhedral prism, and the sensor detects the position of the antenna and sends the position of the antenna to the control system.

3. A laser texturing system as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the device also comprises a distance sensor and a baffle plate, wherein the distance sensor detects the distance between the front and rear texturing points or the front and rear texturing points with a certain distance and the distance sensor, and the baffle plate reduces misdirection of laser detection to the distance sensor.

4. A laser texturing system as claimed in claim 1, wherein: a focusing mirror for focusing laser beams is arranged between the polygon prism and the laser, and a collimator and a reflector for adjusting the light emitting direction of the polygon prism are arranged between the focusing mirror and the laser.

5. A laser texturing method, which is characterized in that: the laser emitted by the laser scans the surface of the workpiece after passing through the rotating mirror system, and the surface of the workpiece is roughened by the laser, and in the roughening process, the control system controls the high-frequency on-off of the laser according to the received edge angle signal, so that the laser beam avoids the edge angle of the polyhedral prism.

6. A laser texturing method according to claim 5, wherein: when the height difference between the distance measuring sensor and the two texturing points or the points with a certain distance from the front and the rear of the front texturing point is larger than a preset value, the surface which is currently textured is considered to be a curved surface and/or the next texturing point enters a curved surface structure, and the control system adjusts laser parameters according to the interval where the height difference is located.

7. A method of laser texturing as recited in claim 6 wherein: when the surface of the workpiece being roughened is a curved surface and/or the next roughening point enters a curved surface structure, the control system controls the laser focal length of the next roughening point to be H+ [ delta ] H/2, and H is the focal length of the current roughening point.

8. A method of laser texturing as recited in claim 6 wherein: when the height difference delta h is larger than or equal to 0.5mm, the surface of the workpiece which is considered to be roughened is a curved surface and/or the next roughening point enters a curved surface structure.

9. A prefabricated panel, characterized in that: roughening the surface of the prefabricated panel by the method according to any one of claims 5 to 8.

10. A rail vehicle, characterized in that: comprising a vehicle body, which is roughened by the laser roughening system according to any one of claims 1 to 4.