CN116793753B - A stratified sampling device for water quality testing in shallow lakes and its application method - Google Patents
A stratified sampling device for water quality testing in shallow lakes and its application methodInfo
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- CN116793753B CN116793753B CN202211353793.6A CN202211353793A CN116793753B CN 116793753 B CN116793753 B CN 116793753B CN 202211353793 A CN202211353793 A CN 202211353793A CN 116793753 B CN116793753 B CN 116793753B
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于浅水湖泊水质检测的分层取样装置及其使用方法，包括活塞筒、抽样部件、环形壳体一、环形壳体二、调节筒、出气部件和自动排水部件，所述活塞筒的底端四周均固定连接有多组输送管，所述输送管上固定连接有第一电磁阀，所述输送管的一端均固定连接有采样筒，所述抽样部件设置在活塞筒内，本发明通过在初始状态下，在调节筒内注入水液，所以能够让本设备沉没在湖泊内，从而到达各个深度位置，完成湖泊中的不同深度取样，且取样的水液，还能够依次储存在各个取样筒内，相互之间独立不受影响，让取出检测的水样具有代表性。
This invention relates to a stratified sampling device and its method for water quality testing in shallow lakes. The device includes a piston cylinder, a sampling component, a first annular shell, a second annular shell, an adjusting cylinder, an air outlet component, and an automatic drainage component. Multiple sets of delivery pipes are fixedly connected to the bottom of the piston cylinder, and a first solenoid valve is fixedly connected to each delivery pipe. A sampling cylinder is fixedly connected to one end of each delivery pipe. The sampling component is located inside the piston cylinder. This invention allows the device to submerge in the lake by injecting water into the adjusting cylinder in the initial state, thus reaching various depths and completing sampling at different depths in the lake. Furthermore, the sampled water can be stored sequentially in each sampling cylinder, independently and without interference, ensuring that the water samples taken for testing are representative.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of sampling devices, in particular to a layered sampling device for shallow lake water quality detection and a use method thereof.
Background
The water quality detection of shallow lakes and rivers is to perform unified timing or non-timing detection work on chemical substances, suspended matters, bottom mud and water ecology systems in water, and has an important role in maintaining the health of water environment.
Through the exploration of the inventor, in the prior art, when water quality detection and sampling are carried out on shallow lakes and rivers, a sampling device consists of a traction wire, a sampling cup and the like;
when sampling is performed, firstly, the sampling cup is placed on the water surface through the traction wire until the sampling cup is filled with water liquid, and then the traction wire is pulled to lift the sampling cup, so that water sampling is completed;
through exploring analysis, therefore, in the prior art, when sampling water quality, there are the following disadvantages:
Most of the water samples on the surface of the water body can be taken, the water liquids with different depths can not be sampled, and the taken water samples are not representative;
In summary, the present application provides a layered sampling device for water quality detection in shallow lakes and a method for using the same to solve the above-mentioned problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a layered sampling device for water quality detection of shallow lakes and a use method thereof, which are used for solving the problems that in the prior art, most of water samples on the surface layer of a water body can be taken, water solutions with different depths can not be sampled, and the taken water samples are not representative.
The layered sampling device for shallow lake water quality detection comprises a piston cylinder, a sampling part, a first annular shell, a second annular shell, an adjusting cylinder, an air outlet part and an automatic drainage part, wherein a plurality of groups of conveying pipes are fixedly connected to the periphery of the bottom end of the piston cylinder, a first electromagnetic valve is fixedly connected to the conveying pipes, one ends of the conveying pipes are fixedly connected with the sampling cylinder, the sampling part is arranged in the piston cylinder and used for sucking water into the piston cylinder, then the water is extruded and conveyed into the sampling cylinder, the first annular shell is sleeved outside the piston cylinder through a connecting rod and is fixedly connected with the piston cylinder, a partition plate is fixedly connected to the first annular shell, the partition plate divides the first annular shell into an upper cavity and a lower cavity, the second annular shell is detachably and fixedly connected to the first annular shell, a plurality of groups of fixing pipes are fixedly arranged on the second annular shell, an air bag is fixedly connected to the fixing pipes, the adjusting cylinder is fixedly connected to the outside of the first annular shell, the air outlet part is arranged in the first annular shell and is used for sucking water into the piston cylinder, and then the water is extruded and conveyed into the sampling cylinder, the first annular shell is fixedly connected to the first annular shell, and the air bag is arranged in the automatic air outlet part, and can be abutted to the air outlet part, and can be automatically expanded, and the water is discharged out of the water is discharged from the air cylinder.
In order to be able to take a sample, it is preferred,
The sampling component comprises a second cylinder fixedly connected in the piston cylinder, a piston block fixedly connected to a piston rod of the second cylinder and a one-way valve fixedly connected to the bottom end of the piston cylinder.
In order to generate hydrogen, more preferably, the air outlet component comprises calcium powder arranged on a partition plate, a conveying groove arranged in a first annular shell, a plurality of groups of first air cylinders fixedly connected to the inner bottom end of the annular shell and an annular piston plate fixedly connected to a piston rod of the first air cylinders, purified water is filled below the corresponding partition plate in the first annular shell, an upper cavity and a lower cavity in the first annular shell are communicated through the conveying groove, and a second electromagnetic valve is fixedly connected in the conveying groove.
In order to increase buoyancy, more preferably, the automatic drainage component comprises a fixing frame fixedly connected to the adjusting cylinder, an iron sheet rotatably installed on the fixing frame, an elastic bag fixedly connected to one end of the iron sheet, a pressure sensor fixedly connected to the elastic bag, a third air cylinder fixedly connected to the adjusting cylinder and a pushing plate fixedly connected to the adjusting cylinder, a third electromagnetic valve is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the adjusting cylinder, a controller is fixedly installed on the outer portion of the first annular shell, the pressure sensor and the third air cylinder are electrically connected with the controller, a hinge seat is fixedly connected to the fixing frame, and the iron sheet is rotatably connected with the hinge seat.
In order to adsorb the iron sheet, more preferably, the outside fixedly connected with electro-magnet of annular casing two, fixed mounting has temperature sensor on the baffle, electro-magnet and temperature sensor all with controller electric connection.
In order to release the device, the device is more preferable, the device further comprises a guide pipe, a pull rope is arranged in the guide pipe, one end of the pull rope is fixedly connected with the piston cylinder, the other end of the pull rope is fixedly connected with a handle, and scale marks are arranged on the pull rope.
For convenient dismouting, more preferably, the equal fixedly connected with flange of top and annular casing two of annular casing, pass through U-shaped plate fixed joint between two flanges, threaded mounting has fixing bolt on the U-shaped plate, annular casing one's outside fixedly connected with inlet tube.
More preferably, the adjusting cylinder is fixedly connected with the outer part of the annular shell II through a fixed rod.
More preferably, one end of the sampling tube is fixedly connected with a valve.
More preferably, the method specifically comprises the following steps:
S1, holding a guide pipe by hand, then placing a piston cylinder on a lake, and under the initial state, driving the adjusting cylinder to sink into the lake by the piston cylinder under the gravity because the adjusting cylinder is filled with water liquid and the air bag is in a flat state, so that the depth of the device which is sunk into the lake can be observed through scales on a pull rope along with continuous release of the pull rope;
S2, when the first set depth is reached, pulling the pull rope to prevent the equipment from sinking downwards, then controlling to start a second cylinder, and enabling the second cylinder to drive the piston block to slide upwards, so that water in the lake can be pumped into the piston cylinder under the action of the one-way valve;
S3, opening any one of the first electromagnetic valves on the four conveying pipes, starting the second cylinder to move downwards, enabling the piston block to squeeze the sampled water into the conveying pipes, then entering the sampling cylinder for storage, and controlling the first electromagnetic valve to be closed after the completion;
S4, releasing the pull rope again to enable the device to sink downwards in the lake again;
S5, when the second set depth and the third set depth reach the fourth set depth respectively, the steps S2-S3 are operated, and the sampled water liquid is sequentially stored and enters the other three sampling cylinders for storage;
S6, when the equipment needs to be floated, a first air cylinder is started to work, the first air cylinder pushes purified water into a conveying groove through an annular piston plate, then a second electromagnetic valve is opened, purified water can enter a partition plate and then react with calcium powder, the reaction equation is as follows, ca+2H2O=Ca (OH) 2 ++H2 ∈C, so that a large amount of hydrogen can be generated, then the hydrogen enters an air bag through a fixed pipe, so that the air bag is opened, heat generated by the reaction can be detected by a temperature sensor, a signal is transmitted to a controller after the temperature sensor detects the air bag, and the controller cuts off the power of the electromagnetic iron, so that the iron sheet is not adsorbed;
S7, after the air bag is opened, the air bag expands and then abuts against the iron sheet, the iron sheet is abutted against the air bag and then rotates upwards, the other end of the iron sheet drives the elastic bag to abut against the fixing frame, so that the pressure sensor in the elastic bag abuts against the fixing frame, the pressure sensor transmits signals to the controller, the controller automatically starts a third air cylinder and a third electromagnetic valve to work, the third air cylinder drives the push plate to slide, and the push plate pushes water in the adjusting cylinder out of the lake through the third electromagnetic valve, so that the weight of the device is reduced;
S8, under the buoyancy action of the adjusting cylinder and the air bag, the device floats from the deep of the lake without manual pulling;
s9, after the equipment is fished to the shore, separating the annular shell I from the annular shell II, and cleaning calcium hydroxide;
and S10, sequentially opening valves on the four sampling cylinders, taking out water samples with different water depths, and then carrying out subsequent detection.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the invention, the water is injected into the regulating cylinder in an initial state, so that the device can sink in a lake to reach various depth positions, sampling of different depths in the lake is completed, the sampled water can be sequentially stored in each sampling cylinder, the sampling cylinders are independent of each other and are not influenced, and the sampled water is taken out to be representative.
2. In the invention, when the device is required to float, a large amount of hydrogen is generated by the reaction of the purified water and the calcium powder, and then the hydrogen enters the air bag through the fixed pipe, so that the air bag is opened, and the device can float in a lake automatically after the buoyancy is increased.
3. According to the invention, after the air bag is opened, the air bag expands and then collides with the iron sheet, so that the pressure sensor in the elastic bag is collided with the fixing frame after the iron sheet is collided, then the controller automatically opens the third air cylinder and the third electromagnetic valve to work, the push plate pushes out the water liquid in the adjusting cylinder into the lake through the third electromagnetic valve, and therefore the weight of the device is reduced, and the floating of the device is accelerated due to the action of the hollow adjusting cylinder.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view of an adjusting cylinder according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a front view of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional front view of the first annular housing of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is an enlarged schematic view of the area A of FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a cross-sectional front view of a piston cylinder according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a front cross-sectional structure of an adjusting cylinder according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing the front view of the iron sheet of the present invention after being abutted by the air bag;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram showing a front view of the iron sheet of the present invention without being interfered by the air bag;
FIG. 10 is a schematic cross-sectional front view of the elastic bladder of the present invention;
fig. 11 is a block diagram of a control structure of a controller according to the present invention.
The device comprises the following components of a guide tube 1, a guide tube 2, a pull rope 3, a handle 4, a piston cylinder 5, a connecting rod 6, an annular housing I, a 7, an annular housing II, a 8, a convex plate 9, an air bag 10, a fixed tube 11, a sampling tube 12, an adjusting tube 13, a fixed rod 14, a fixed frame 15, an iron sheet 16, an electromagnet 17, a conveying tube 18, a first electromagnetic valve 19, a valve 20, a hinging seat 21, an elastic bag 22, a pressure sensor 23, calcium powder 24, purified water 25, a first air cylinder 26, an annular piston plate 27, a conveying groove 28, a second electromagnetic valve 29, a temperature sensor 30, a second air cylinder 31, a piston block 32, a one-way valve 33, a third air cylinder 34, a push plate 35, a third electromagnetic valve 36, a controller 37, a U-shaped plate 38, a partition plate 39 and a water inlet pipe.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1-11, a layered sampling device for water quality detection in shallow lakes comprises a piston cylinder 4, a sampling part, a first annular shell 6, a second annular shell 7, an adjusting cylinder 12, an air outlet part and an automatic water draining part.
In the application, a plurality of groups of conveying pipes 17 are fixedly connected to the periphery of the bottom end of the piston cylinder 4, and the conveying pipes 17 serve as a valve 19 for storing sampled water to facilitate the subsequent detection, so that a first electromagnetic valve 18 is fixedly connected to the conveying pipes 17, the on-off of the conveying pipes 17 is conveniently controlled through the arrangement of the first electromagnetic valve 18, four sampling pipes are provided in total, the opening of the first electromagnetic valve 18 is respectively controlled, the sampling of four layers can be performed, the sampling cylinders 11 are fixedly connected to one ends of the conveying pipes 17, the sampled water is conveniently and sequentially detected, a valve 19 is fixedly connected to one ends of the sampling cylinders 11, and the water in the sampling cylinders 11 can be discharged through opening the valve 19.
For further understanding of the technical solution, the skilled person, in the present application,
The sampling component is arranged in the piston cylinder 4 and is used for sucking water liquid into the piston cylinder 4 and then extruding and conveying the water liquid into the sampling cylinder 11;
It should be noted that, the sampling component includes a second cylinder 30 fixedly connected to the piston cylinder 4, a piston block 31 fixedly connected to a piston rod of the second cylinder 30, and a check valve 32 fixedly connected to a bottom end of the piston cylinder 4, where the second cylinder 30 is configured to drive the piston block 31 to slide reciprocally, so that when the piston block 31 slides up, external water can be pumped into the piston cylinder 4 under the action of the check valve 32, and then when the piston block 31 slides down, the sampled water can be extruded into one of the sampling cylinders to be stored, and the check valve 32 is configured to allow the external water to only enter the piston cylinder 4.
Further, the method comprises the steps of,
The first annular shell 6 is sleeved outside the piston cylinder 4 through the connecting rod 5, two ends of the connecting rod 5 are fixedly connected with the first annular shell 6 and the piston cylinder 4 respectively, in the application, a baffle 38 is fixedly connected in the first annular shell 6, the baffle 38 divides the first annular shell 6 into an upper cavity and a lower cavity, the second annular shell 7 is detachably and fixedly connected on the first annular shell 6, a plurality of groups of fixing pipes 10 are fixedly arranged on the second annular shell 7, an air bag 9 is fixedly connected on the fixing pipes 10, the air bag 9 is made of rubber materials or other elastic materials, and is similar to a balloon, as long as the balloon can be inflated and opened, the air bag 9 is opened after being used for being filled with hydrogen later, and then the device floats on the water surface.
The specific explanation is as follows:
The top end of the first annular shell 6 and the bottom end of the second annular shell 7 are fixedly connected with convex plates 8, the two convex plates 8 are fixedly clamped through a U-shaped plate 37, and fixing bolts are arranged on the U-shaped plate 37 in a threaded mode, so that the first annular shell 6 and the second annular shell 7 can be detachably installed, the subsequent replacement of calcium powder 23 is facilitated, a water inlet pipe 39 is fixedly connected to the outer portion of the first annular shell 6, a manual valve is fixedly arranged on the water inlet pipe 39, and the water inlet pipe 39 is used for adding water into the first annular shell 6.
The specific explanation is as follows:
the adjusting cylinder 12 is fixedly connected to the outer part of the first annular shell 6, the adjusting cylinder 12 is fixedly connected to the outer part of the second annular shell 7 through a fixing rod 13, and in an initial state, the adjusting cylinder 12 is filled with water liquid, so that the weight is increased, and the device can sink into a lake.
For further understanding of the technical solution, the skilled person, in the present application,
The air outlet component is arranged in the annular shell I6 and can generate air so that the air bag 9 is inflated;
Specifically, the air outlet component comprises calcium powder 23 arranged on a partition plate 38, a conveying groove 27 arranged in the annular shell I6, a plurality of groups of first air cylinders 25 fixedly connected to the inner bottom end of the annular shell, and an annular piston plate 26 fixedly connected to the piston rod of the first air cylinders 25;
The pure water 24 is filled below the corresponding partition 38 in the first annular housing 6, the conveying groove 27 penetrates through the upper cavity and the lower cavity in the first annular housing 6, the second electromagnetic valve 28 is fixedly connected in the conveying groove 27, and in order to increase buoyancy, when the device is floated, the first air cylinder 25 pushes the pure water 24 into the conveying groove 27 through the annular piston plate 26, then the second electromagnetic valve 28 is opened, the pure water 24 can enter the partition 38 and then react with the calcium powder 23, and the reaction equation is as follows, ca+2H2O=Ca (OH) 2 ++H2 ∈.
So a great amount of hydrogen can be generated, and then the hydrogen enters the air bag 9 through the fixed pipe 10, so that the air bag 9 is opened, the buoyancy is increased for the device, and the device can conveniently float from a lake.
For further understanding of the technical solution, the skilled person, in the present application,
The automatic water draining component is arranged at one end of the adjusting cylinder 12, and when the air bag 9 is inflated to collide with the automatic water draining component, the automatic water draining component drains the water in the adjusting cylinder 12.
The specific explanation is as follows:
The automatic water draining component comprises a fixed frame 14 fixedly connected to the adjusting cylinder 12, an iron sheet 15 rotatably installed on the fixed frame 14, an elastic bag 21 fixedly connected to one end of the iron sheet 15, a pressure sensor 22 fixedly connected to the elastic bag 21, a third air cylinder 33 fixedly connected to the adjusting cylinder 12 and a push plate 34 fixedly connected to the third air cylinder 33, wherein the pressure sensor 22 is a weight sensor of DYLY-103, the controller 36 can adopt an AT89S52 singlechip, the electric quantity in the device is provided by a lithium battery fixedly installed outside the annular shell I6, a waterproof shell is fixedly installed outside the annular shell I6, and the lithium battery and the controller 36 are fixedly installed in the waterproof shell.
Wherein, the bottom end of the adjusting cylinder 12 is fixedly connected with a third electromagnetic valve 35, the outside of the annular shell I6 is fixedly provided with a controller 36, the pressure sensor 22 and the third air cylinder 33 are electrically connected with the controller 36, the fixed frame 14 is fixedly connected with the hinging seat 20, the iron sheet 15 is rotationally connected with the hinging seat 20, when the air bag 9 is unfolded, the iron sheet 15 is expanded and then is collided, the iron sheet 15 is collided and then rotates upwards, the other end of the iron sheet 15 drives the elastic bag 21 to collide with the fixed frame 14, thus the pressure sensor 22 in the elastic bag 21 is collided by the fixed frame 14, after the pressure sensor 22 transmits signals to the controller 36, the controller 36 judges that the set value is reached, the controller 36 automatically opens the third air cylinder 33 and the third electromagnetic valve 35 to work, the third air cylinder 33 drives the push plate 34 to slide, the push plate 34 pushes out the water in the adjusting cylinder 12 to the lake through the third electromagnetic valve 35, thereby reducing the weight of the device,
As a preferred alternative to this,
The outside fixedly connected with electro-magnet 16 of annular casing two 7, fixed mounting has temperature sensor 29 on the baffle 38, electro-magnet 16 and temperature sensor 29 all are with controller 36 electric connection, temperature sensor 29 model is WZP001, because under the initial condition, in order to ensure that iron sheet 15 can not rock, so electro-magnet 16 circular telegram and iron sheet 15 adsorb, and after pure water 24 reacted with calcium powder 23, produce a large amount of heats, the heat that the reaction produced also can be detected by temperature sensor 29, after temperature sensor 29 detects, with signal transmission for controller 36, controller 36 is to electro-magnet 16 outage, so not adsorbing iron sheet 15, make things convenient for follow-up gasbag 9 to open and contradict.
And still include stand pipe 1 in this equipment, be equipped with stay cord 2 in the stand pipe 1, the one end and the piston tube 4 fixed connection of stay cord 2, the other end fixedly connected with handle 3 of stay cord 2 is equipped with the scale mark on the stay cord 2, holds stand pipe 1, then places piston tube 4 on the lake, and piston tube 4 drives and adjusts barrel 12 and sink into in the lake, along with the continuous release of stay cord 2, so can observe this equipment depth of sinking into the lake through the scale on the stay cord 2.
The application method of the layered sampling device for shallow lake water quality detection comprises the following steps:
S1, holding the guide tube 1 by hand, then placing the piston cylinder 4 on a lake, and as the adjusting cylinder 12 is filled with water liquid in an initial state and the air bag 9 is in a flat state, under the gravity, the piston cylinder 4 drives the adjusting cylinder 12 to sink into the lake, and the depth of the device which is sunk into the lake can be observed through scales on the pull rope 2 along with continuous release of the pull rope 2;
S2, when the first set depth is reached, the pull rope 2 is pulled to prevent the equipment from sinking downwards, then the second air cylinder 30 is controlled to be started, the second air cylinder 30 drives the piston block 31 to slide upwards, and the water in the lake can be pumped into the piston cylinder 4 under the action of the one-way valve 32;
S3, opening any one of the first electromagnetic valves 18 on the four conveying pipes 17, starting the second air cylinder 30 to move downwards, enabling the piston block 31 to squeeze the sampled water into the conveying pipes 17, then entering a sampling cylinder for storage, and controlling the first electromagnetic valve 18 to be closed after the completion;
s4, releasing the pull rope 2 again to enable the equipment to sink downwards in the lake again;
S5, when the second set depth and the third set depth reach the fourth set depth respectively, the steps S2-S3 are operated, and the sampled water liquid is sequentially stored and enters the other three sampling cylinders for storage;
S6, when the equipment needs to be floated, the first air cylinder 25 is started to work, the first air cylinder 25 pushes purified water 24 into the conveying groove 27 through the annular piston plate 26, then the second electromagnetic valve 28 is opened, the purified water 24 can enter the partition plate 38 and then react with the calcium powder 23, the reaction equation is as follows, ca+2H2O=Ca (OH) 2 ++H2 #, so that a large amount of hydrogen can be generated, then the hydrogen enters the air bag 9 through the fixed pipe 10, so that the air bag 9 is opened, heat generated by reaction can be detected by the temperature sensor 29, a signal is transmitted to the controller 36 after the temperature sensor 29 detects the heat, and the controller 36 cuts off power to the electromagnet 16, so that the iron sheet 15 is not adsorbed any more;
S7, after the air bag 9 is opened, the air bag is expanded and then abuts against the iron sheet 15, the iron sheet 15 is abutted against and then rotates upwards, the other end of the iron sheet 15 drives the elastic bag 21 to abut against the fixed frame 14, so that the pressure sensor 22 in the elastic bag 21 is abutted against the fixed frame 14, after the pressure sensor 22 transmits a signal to the controller 36, the controller 36 automatically opens the third air cylinder 33 and the third electromagnetic valve 35 to work, the third air cylinder 33 drives the push plate 34 to slide, and the push plate 34 pushes out water in the regulating cylinder 12 into a lake through the third electromagnetic valve 35, so that the weight of the device is lightened;
S8, under the buoyancy action of the adjusting cylinder 12 and the air bag 9, the device floats from the deep of the lake without manual pulling;
S9, after the equipment is fished to the shore, separating the annular shell I6 from the annular shell II 7, and cleaning calcium hydroxide;
And S10, sequentially opening valves 19 on the four sampling cylinders, taking out water samples with different water depths, and then carrying out subsequent detection.
Standard parts used in the invention can be purchased from the market, special-shaped parts can be customized according to the description of the specification and the drawings, the specific connection modes of all parts adopt conventional means such as mature bolts, rivets, welding and the like in the prior art, the machinery, the parts and the equipment adopt the prior art, the conventional model and the circuit connection adopt the conventional connection modes in the prior art, and the details not described in the specification belong to the prior art which is known to the person skilled in the art
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made therein without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (8)
1. A stratified sampling device for shallow lake water quality detection is characterized by comprising
The device comprises a piston cylinder (4), wherein a plurality of groups of conveying pipes (17) are fixedly connected to the periphery of the bottom end of the piston cylinder (4), a first electromagnetic valve (18) is fixedly connected to the conveying pipes (17), and a sampling cylinder (11) is fixedly connected to one end of each conveying pipe (17);
A sampling component is arranged in the piston cylinder (4) and is used for sucking water liquid into the piston cylinder (4) and then extruding and conveying the water liquid into the sampling cylinder (11);
The first annular shell (6) is sleeved outside the piston cylinder (4) through the connecting rod (5), and is fixedly connected with the piston cylinder (4), a partition plate (38) is fixedly connected in the first annular shell (6), and the partition plate (38) divides the first annular shell (6) into an upper cavity and a lower cavity;
The annular shell II (7) is detachably and fixedly connected to the annular shell I (6), a plurality of groups of fixing pipes (10) are fixedly arranged on the annular shell II (7), and an air bag (9) is fixedly connected to the fixing pipes (10);
the adjusting cylinder (12), the said adjusting cylinder (12) is fixedly connected to the outside of the first annular shell (6);
an air outlet member disposed within the annular housing one (6), the air outlet member being capable of generating a gas such that the air bladder (9) is inflated;
The automatic drainage component is arranged at one end of the adjusting cylinder (12), and when the air bag (9) expands to abut against the automatic drainage component, the automatic drainage component discharges water in the adjusting cylinder (12);
The air outlet component comprises calcium powder (23) arranged on a partition plate (38), a conveying groove (27) arranged in a first annular shell (6), a plurality of groups of first air cylinders (25) fixedly connected to the inner bottom end of the annular shell and an annular piston plate (26) fixedly connected to a piston rod of the first air cylinders (25), purified water (24) is filled below the corresponding partition plate (38) in the first annular shell (6), the conveying groove (27) is used for penetrating an upper cavity and a lower cavity in the first annular shell (6), and a second electromagnetic valve (28) is fixedly connected in the conveying groove (27);
The automatic drainage component comprises a fixing frame (14) fixedly connected to the adjusting cylinder (12), an iron sheet (15) rotatably installed on the fixing frame (14), an elastic bag (21) fixedly connected to one end of the iron sheet (15), a pressure sensor (22) fixedly connected to the elastic bag (21), a third air cylinder (33) fixedly connected to the adjusting cylinder (12) and a push plate (34) fixedly connected to the third air cylinder (33), a third electromagnetic valve (35) is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the adjusting cylinder (12), a controller (36) is fixedly installed on the outer portion of the first annular shell (6), the pressure sensor (22) and the third air cylinder (33) are electrically connected with the controller (36), a hinge seat (20) is fixedly connected to the fixing frame (14), and the iron sheet (15) is rotatably connected with the hinge seat (20).
2. The stratified sampling device for water quality detection in shallow lakes according to claim 1, characterized in that:
The sampling component comprises a second cylinder (30) fixedly connected in the piston cylinder (4), a piston block (31) fixedly connected to a piston rod of the second cylinder (30) and a one-way valve (32) fixedly connected to the bottom end of the piston cylinder (4).
3. The stratified sampling device for water quality detection in shallow lakes according to claim 2, wherein an electromagnet (16) is fixedly connected to the outside of the annular housing II (7), a temperature sensor (29) is fixedly installed on the partition plate (38), and the electromagnet (16) and the temperature sensor (29) are electrically connected with a controller (36).
4. The stratified sampling device for shallow lake water quality detection according to claim 3, further comprising a guide pipe (1), wherein a pull rope (2) is arranged in the guide pipe (1), one end of the pull rope (2) is fixedly connected with the piston cylinder (4), the other end of the pull rope (2) is fixedly connected with a handle (3), and scale marks are arranged on the pull rope (2).
5. The stratified sampling device for water quality detection in shallow lakes according to claim 4, wherein the top end of the first annular shell (6) and the bottom end of the second annular shell (7) are fixedly connected with convex plates (8), the two convex plates (8) are fixedly clamped through U-shaped plates (37), fixing bolts are arranged on the U-shaped plates (37) in a threaded mode, and a water inlet pipe (39) is fixedly connected to the outer portion of the first annular shell (6).
6. The stratified sampling device for water quality detection in shallow lakes according to claim 5, wherein the adjusting cylinder (12) is fixedly connected with the outside of the annular housing II (7) through a fixed rod (13).
7. The stratified sampling device for water quality detection in shallow lakes according to claim 6, wherein one end of the sampling tube (11) is fixedly connected with a valve (19).
8. The method for using the stratified sampling device for shallow lake water quality test according to claim 7, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, holding a guide tube (1) by hand, then placing a piston cylinder (4) on a lake, and observing the depth of the equipment sunk in the lake through scales on a pull rope (2) as the pull rope (2) is released continuously because the piston cylinder (4) drives the adjusting cylinder (12) to sink in the lake under the gravity because the adjusting cylinder (12) is filled with water liquid in an initial state and the air bag (9) is in a flat state;
S2, when the first set depth is reached, the pull rope (2) is pulled to prevent the equipment from sinking downwards, then the second air cylinder (30) is controlled to be started, the second air cylinder (30) drives the piston block (31) to slide upwards, and water in the lake can be pumped into the piston cylinder (4) under the action of the one-way valve (32);
S3, opening any one of the first electromagnetic valves (18) on the four conveying pipes (17), starting the second air cylinder (30) to move downwards, enabling the piston block (31) to squeeze the sampled water into the conveying pipes (17), then entering a sampling tube for storage, and controlling the first electromagnetic valve (18) to be closed after the completion;
s4, releasing the pull rope (2) again to enable the equipment to sink downwards in the lake again;
S5, when the second set depth and the third set depth reach the fourth set depth respectively, the steps S2-S3 are operated, and the sampled water liquid is sequentially stored and enters the other three sampling cylinders for storage;
S6, when the equipment needs to be floated, a first air cylinder (25) is started to work, the first air cylinder (25) pushes purified water (24) into a conveying groove (27) through an annular piston plate (26), then a second electromagnetic valve (28) is opened, the purified water (24) can enter a partition plate (38) and then react with calcium powder (23), the reaction equation is as follows, ca+2H2O=Ca (OH) 2 ∈h2 #, so that a large amount of hydrogen can be generated, then the hydrogen enters an air bag (9) through a fixed pipe (10), so that the air bag (9) is opened, heat generated by the reaction can be detected by a temperature sensor (29), a signal is transmitted to a controller (36) after the temperature sensor (29) detects, and the controller (36) cuts off the power of the electromagnet (16), so that the iron sheet (15) is not adsorbed any more;
S7, after the air bag (9) is opened, the air bag expands and then abuts against the iron sheet (15), the iron sheet (15) rotates upwards after being abutted against, the other end of the iron sheet (15) drives the elastic bag (21) to abut against the fixing frame (14), so that the pressure sensor (22) in the elastic bag (21) is abutted against by the fixing frame (14), the pressure sensor (22) transmits a signal to the controller (36), the controller (36) automatically opens the third air cylinder (33) and the third electromagnetic valve (35) to work, the third air cylinder (33) drives the push plate (34) to slide, and the push plate (34) pushes out water in the adjusting cylinder (12) into a lake through the third electromagnetic valve (35), so that the weight of the device is reduced;
s8, under the buoyancy action of the adjusting cylinder (12) and the air bag (9), the device floats from the deep of the lake without manual pulling;
s9, after the equipment is fished to the shore, separating the annular shell I (6) from the annular shell II (7), and cleaning calcium hydroxide;
And S10, sequentially opening valves (19) on the four sampling cylinders, taking out water samples with different water depths, and then carrying out subsequent detection.
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