CN116783340A - Reel, yarn twisting method and yarn twisting machine - Google Patents

Abstract

A spool of yarn of natural, synthetic or artificial textile fibre, the twist value (α) of the wound yarn being variable along the whole spool (1) and being equal to α (tpm) =1/(DI x pi) in relation to the instantaneous winding/unwinding Diameter (DI) of the spool (1) itself, such that upon rotation of the twisted yarn in a first direction N-S the twist value (β) of the yarn having rotated the purge is constant along the whole spool and substantially equal to 0tpm, and such that upon rotation of the twisted yarn of twisted yarn pair in a second direction S-N opposite to the first direction the twist value (β ') of the yarn having rotated the purge is variable along the whole spool and is equal to β' (tpm) =2/(DI x pi). A method for producing the disclosed spool and a yarn twisting machine for producing the disclosed spool are disclosed.

Description

Reel, yarn twisting method and yarn twisting machine

Technical Field

Object of the Invention

As described in the title of the present specification, the present invention relates to a spool of yarn, a yarn twisting method and a yarn twisting machine, which contribute to the function of its design, the advantages and features of which will be disclosed in detail below.

In one aspect, the present invention is directed to a spool of yarn, in particular yarn of natural, synthetic or artificial textile fibres, wherein the yarn wound on the spool is twisted such that when unwound in a "spinning" manner in one direction the yarn twist is constant and substantially zero tpm (twist per meter) and when unwound in the opposite direction said twist is variable along the entire spool and equal to 2/(DI pi), where DI is the instantaneous diameter of the spool winding/unwinding in meters.

Furthermore, it is an object of the present invention to allow a yarn twisting process to produce a spool having the characteristics described.

Finally, it is also an object of the present invention to allow a yarn twisting machine to be produced with reels of the characteristics described.

Application field of the invention

The field of application of the invention is in the textile industry of any type of yarn, in particular delicate yarns such as glass fibre yarns.

Background

In the textile field, it is known to apply a given number of turns or twists (hereinafter referred to as yarn with twist) per meter of yarn or textile fibre on an untwisted yarn or yarn strand (hereinafter referred to as yarn with twist) and to pick up the yarn with twist on a reel.

The pick-up reel of yarn may be cylindrical, conical, biconic or other shape on a holder (which may be a reel container or bottle in the form of a cardboard tube or a roll or otherwise). In summary, the form of the final spool is not limited and depends on the subsequent process in which the spool with twisted yarn will be used.

Textile twisting machines exist in different technologies, which, although the purpose of twisting and winding the yarn is the same, differ by having different working principles, these technologies are generally:

ring-bead twisting technique (ring machine);

-double twisting technique (2 x 1);

-twist-rolling twisting technique;

-a cabling twisting technique;

other technologies … derived from these technologies

In addition to natural fibers, synthetic and man-made fibers exist and new fibers or filaments are being developed which improve the properties of the fibers according to the purpose for which they are designed.

The newly required diversity of properties of yarn fibers or fabrics also means that a given mechanical property, such as twist, is imposed on the yarn.

The twist imparted to a yarn or fiber strand is defined as the number of turns imparted to the yarn or fiber strand about its axis for a 1m yarn. The units of twist in metric systems are turns per meter or tpm (twist per meter), but turns per inch or TPI or other units are used in the oz-sokson system.

In general, in the current state of the art, twist values are characteristics that contribute value to the yarn by providing breaking strength characteristics, given stretch, S/Z twist direction, etc., which are often desired to achieve a particular objective in the construction of subsequent fabrics, ropes, or otherwise.

In the case of a ring twisting machine, it is to be reminded that when the yarn bobbin or reel being spun or twisted is rotated anticlockwise, it is referred to as "S" twist, and when the yarn bobbin being spun or twisted is rotated clockwise, it is referred to as "Z" twist.

In the case of a double twist machine, it is to be reminded that when the rotating disk of the twisting device of the machine rotates anticlockwise, it is called "S" twisting, and when the rotating disk of the twisting device of the machine rotates clockwise, it is called "Z" twisting.

The definition of some parameters, such as breaking strength, stretching, S/Z twist direction and many others, are not described in detail, as they are generally known in the textile arts.

Nevertheless, and as a clarification, twisting the same yarn in one or the other twisting direction (S-direction or Z-direction) may also change the characteristics to achieve a specific purpose in a subsequent fabric, rope construction or other aspect.

For example, for two cables having a structure with a first twist of 100tpm in the S direction and a second twist of 80tpm in the Z direction, the mechanical properties of the two cables are not related to each other, as are the same two cables having a structure with a first twist of 100tpm in the S direction and a second twist of 80tpm also in the S direction.

At the same time, the mechanical properties of the same twisted yarn of a certain twist or another twist also change, and therefore, depending on the purpose for which the yarn is to be designed and the desired properties, a given twist and a given S/Z twist direction will be applied to the yarn.

As regards the structure with twisted yarns, the structure may be strands of synthetic or artificial continuous fibers, which are grouped in parallel (zero twist) to form untwisted yarns and wound on reels on a tube rack made mainly of cardboard or plastic.

Some products, such as some woven fabrics, need to be made from twisted yarns of a given twist.

The reels of twisted yarns are usually placed on a static structure called a creel, which supports the reels with the yarns through the inside of the tube and promotes/guides the yarns of the reels resting on the creel towards the clearing of the loom.

The type of yarn cleaning described is performed with the reel stationary and pulling the yarn in the direction of the axis of the reel and is known as "spinning", wherein this type of yarn cleaning is known to cause a change in the structure of the twisted yarn, but this change does not mean a significant change in the structure of the yarn compared to when it is cleaned, and is fully acceptable in a large percentage of textile processes and products.

Moreover, if the same type of "spin" yarn is used in a spool with untwisted yarn, the yarn-cleaning effect changes the yarn structure in terms of twist, because in a "spin" yarn, some twist is obtained in a given direction, the yarn is not fed to a subsequent process under zero twist yarn conditions. The textile sector using reels and yarn clearer of this type generally receives this effect without any problems.

According to the current state of the art, in any process, a creel houses at least one spool of fiber with parallel (zero twist) and guides it to a machine or to a subsequent process, while the yarn that also needs to be cleaned is zero twist or not, the cleaning of the creel spool being carried out by pulling the yarn through the side (perpendicular to the axis) of the spool and by generating tension of the yarn itself during cleaning.

This type of yarn cleaning is known as "rolling" and the creel required for this type of yarn cleaning is much more complex, because the reel must rotate and produce all the same tension, and means that the tension of the yarn produced by the rotation of the reel during its cleaning is such that the yarn must be compensated between the creel and the following machine (which may be a loom or another machine) with an additional yarn guide.

At the same time, the yarn clearing speed is low and limits the productivity of the process, because the inertia and yarn tension created by the rotational movement of the spool are very high when the spool is full of yarn.

Because of all these problems, there will be interest in such available reels: once the yarn is "spun" clear, the value of the yarn twist will be constant along the entire spool and will be substantially equal to 0tpm.

Disclosure of Invention

The reels of yarns, yarn twisting methods and yarn twisting machines of natural, synthetic or artificial textile fibers proposed by the present invention are configured as an optimal solution to the above-mentioned problems, making it possible to distinguish their characteristic details conveniently and in the final claims attached to this specification.

In particular, thanks to the technical needs described above and as previously mentioned, the present invention proposes, on the one hand, a spool of yarn (in particular of natural, synthetic or artificial textile fibers), wherein the twist of said yarn wound on the spool is such that when the yarn is "spun" in a first direction, the yarn twist is constant and substantially zero tpm (twist per meter) and when the yarn is "spun" unwound in the opposite direction, said twist is variable along the whole spool and is equal to:

β’(tpm)＝2/(DI*π)，

where DI is the winding or unwinding instant diameter, or in other words, the diameter of the spool in meters (m) at the moment it is wound or unwound.

More specifically, the present invention relates to a spool comprising twisted yarn, wherein the twist value of the wound yarn (we refer to it as alfa, and this twist value is variable) is associated with the winding/unwinding instantaneous Diameter (DI) of the spool itself, satisfying the following expression:

alfa(tpm)＝1/(DI*π)，

so that, when the yarn is "spun" in a first direction, the value of the yarn twist after "spun" is constant along the whole spool (in this case we will denote beta) and tends to be 0,

β(tpm)＝0，

and such that when the yarn is "spun" in a second direction opposite to the first direction, the value of the yarn twist (β') after "spun" yarn cleaning is variable along the entire spool and equal to:

β’(tpm)＝2/(DI(m)*π)。

furthermore, it is preferably pointed out that the form of the reel (which may be cylindrical, conical, biconical, reel (spool), etc.) is not affected by the characteristics of the reel, as long as it meets the requirements of the twist values described.

In order to obtain a yarn with a twist of 0tpm, it is simply necessary to "spin" the yarn of the reel in the correct direction so that the twist produced by the yarn cleaning compensates for the twist of the wound yarn. To facilitate the correct identification of the yarn cleaning, markings may be used on the spool.

It is a further object of the present invention to allow a yarn twisting process to produce a spool as previously described.

The yarn twisting method basically comprises the following steps:

● Twisting the yarn by a twisting device which applies a twist associated with the instantaneous winding/unwinding diameter of the reel itself;

● Winding the yarn on a collection reel;

so that the twist value (α) of the wound yarn is variable along the whole collection reel and is associated with the instantaneous winding/unwinding Diameter (DI) of the reel itself and is equal to:

α(tpm)＝1/(DI*π)。

another object of the invention is to allow a twisting machine to produce reels, which are reels produced by applying the twisting method described as described before.

Drawings

To supplement the description made and to assist in the best understanding of the features of the invention, the accompanying drawings are attached to the specification as an integral part thereof, wherein the following have been presented for the purpose of illustration and not limitation:

fig. 1A and 1B: there are shown schematic front views of two examples of the spool object of the present invention which is yarn cleared in opposite directions. In fig. 1A, a spool can be seen in which the yarn of the "spun" yarn exhibits a substantially 0 twist (β), while in fig. 1B, the same spool of the "spun" yarn exhibits a (β') twist different from the 0 twist.

Fig. 2: a schematic of a first example of a machine is shown, with a delivery spool 2 of yarn for "rolling" clearing in the case of a ring twisting machine.

Fig. 3A and 3B: which all show a schematic illustration of an example of a machine, in this case a ring twisting machine, with a delivery reel 2 of yarn for "spinning" of the yarn. In fig. 3A, it can be seen that the yarn of the delivery spool 2 unwinds in a first direction, causing the yarn of the raveled to exhibit a twist in the S direction, whereas in fig. 3B the yarn of the raveled of the delivery spool 2 exhibits a twist in the Z direction.

Fig. 4A and 4B: which all show a schematic view of another example of the machine of the invention, in this case a twisting machine of the type 2x1, with a delivery reel 2 of yarn for "spinning" the yarn. In fig. 4A, it can be seen that the yarn unwinds in a first direction, causing the raveled yarn to exhibit a twist in the S direction, while in fig. 4B, the raveled yarn exhibits a twist in the Z direction.

Detailed Description

With reference to the figures, and depending on the numerals employed, non-limiting examples of embodiments of the present invention may be seen, including those described in detail below.

Thus, as can be seen in the figures, the main or delivery reel 2 with multifilament yarn H (for example multifilament yarn H of polyamide with a titer of 110Tex and without twist) is processed in the twisting machine 100 on a container which will be the holder of the reel 1 of the invention.

By the term "treatment" is meant that the twisting machine 100 is fed with the main yarn H without twist, the twisting machine 100 twists the yarn with a given twist and direction of rotation (S or Z) using the twisting device and the already twisted reels on a holder, for example a cardboard tube with an outer diameter d=75 mm, and the maximum diameter D of the reels 1 is 200mm.

The main characteristic of the twisting machine 100 is that the twist value Ω applied in the machine by the twisting means is such that the twist value α of the wound yarn is variable and is associated with the winding/unwinding instantaneous diameter DI of the pick-up reel 1 itself and is equal to:

α(tpm)＝1/(DI(m)*π)。

for example, when a twisting and winding cycle is started, winding of the already twisted yarn is started on a 75mm cardboard tube. At this time, the twist of the wound yarn should be:

alfa 75=1/(0.075 x 3.1416) =4.24 tpm (twist/m).

In contrast, when the pick-up reel 1 ends, the wound yarn should have a twist when it reaches a maximum diameter of 200 mm:

alfa200=1/(0.2×3.1416) =1.59 tpm (twist/m).

Since the pick-up spool 1 is obtaining a larger diameter during twisting and winding, the yarn wound should have a twist that is different and will be between alfa 75 and alfa 200 values.

In the case where the spool form of twisted yarn is conical or biconic or otherwise, this is done in the same manner. This means that the twist Ω should be applied on the twisting means of the machine so that the wound yarn twist value α is variable and associated with the winding/unwinding instantaneous diameter DI of the pick-up reel 1 itself and is equal to:

α(tpm)＝1/(DI*π)。

this means that whatever technique is used, the twisting machine 100 should know the instantaneous diameter DI of the pick-up spool 1 of twisted yarn throughout the twisting process, since this varies with the winding process.

From fig. 1A and 1B, it can be seen that two examples of reels 1 for the purposes of the present invention have a corresponding type of yarn unwinding, in which it is observed how the yarn twist value alpha of the winding along the whole reel 1 is achieved such that when the yarn is "spun" in a first direction S (fig. 1A), the yarn twist value beta after it has been "spun" is constant along the whole reel and tends to be 0,

β(tpm)＝0，

and such that, when the yarn is "spun" in a second direction Z (fig. 1B) opposite to the first direction S, the twist value β' of the yarn that has been "spun" is variable over the whole yarn and is equal to:

β’(tpm)＝2/(DI*PI)。

according to fig. 2, a schematic representation of a first example of a machine 100, in particular a ring machine with a delivery reel 2 of yarn in "rolling" can be seen.

In this case, the yarn H leaving from the yarn delivery reel 2 is a yarn without twist (yarn twist value (λ) =0 before the twisting device), which means:

this clearing does not increase the twist. The yarn being spun of the reel 2 passes through a twisting device, which in this case comprises a guiding device 200 that picks up the reel 1, a ring-bead set and a rotating device 300 that applies to the machine a yarn twist value Ω that satisfies the following formula:

(Ω)tpm＝(2/(DI1)*3.1416),

wherein: rpm= (Ω) tpm of the spool 1 indicates the linear speed of the yarn H.

From fig. 3A and 3B, another example of a machine 100 can be seen, in particular a ring machine with a yarn delivery spool 2, which yarn delivery spool 2 "rotates" the cleaning yarn. The machine comprises: a delivery reel 2 of yarn H with a twist of 0, twisting means for applying to yarn H a yarn twist Ω, a pick-up reel 1 of yarn H (having a twist value α of the wound and already twisted yarn), means for knowing the instantaneous diameter DI2 of delivery reel 2, means for knowing the instantaneous diameter DI of pick-up reel 1, and means for modifying the twist Ω applied to the yarn in the twisting means.

In this case, the yarn leaving from the yarn delivery reel 1 has a twist λ due to unwinding, the yarn twist value λ before the twisting device being dependent on the type of yarn clearing direction (S or Z).

As can be seen from fig. 3A, the yarn being spun is caused by the spool 2 being spun to have a Z-direction twist before the twisting device, wherein the twist value λ before the twisting device is equal to:

(λ)＝(1/(DI2)*3.1416)。

in this case, when the twisting device applies twist Ω in the Z-direction, twist Ω should be equal to:

Ω(tpm)＝(2/(DI1)*3.1416)-(1/(DI2)*3.1416)，

the purpose of this is that the twist value α of the yarn wound along the whole pick-up reel 1 is variable and is associated with the winding/unwinding instantaneous diameter DI of the pick-up reel 1 itself and is equal to:

α(tpm)＝1/(DI(m)*π)。

in contrast, when in this case the twisting device applies a twist Ω in the S direction, the twist Ω should be equal to:

Ω(tpm)＝(2/(DI1)*3.1416)+(1/(DI2)*3.1416)，

wherein: rpm=Ω (tpm) of reel 1 line speed (m/min),

the purpose of this is that the twist value α of the wound yarn is variable along the whole pick-up reel 1 and is associated with the winding/unwinding instantaneous diameter DI of the pick-up reel 1 itself and is equal to:

α(tpm)＝1/(DI(m)*π)。

as can be seen from fig. 3B, the clearing causes the cleared yarn to have a twist in the S direction before the twisting device, the twist value λ being equal to:

(λ)＝(1/DI2)*3.1416),

in this case, when the twisting device applies twist Ω in the Z-direction, twist Ω should be equal to:

Ω(tpm)＝(2/DI1)*3.1416+(1/(DI2)*3.1416，

wherein: rpm=Ω (tpm) of reel 1 line speed,

the purpose of this is that the twist value α of the wound yarn is variable along the whole pick-up reel 1 and is associated with the winding/unwinding instantaneous diameter DI of the pick-up reel 1 itself and is equal to:

α(tpm)＝1/(DI(m)*π)。

in contrast, when the twisting device applies twist Ω in the S direction in this case, twist Ω should be equal to:

Ω(tpm)＝(2/(DI1)*3.1416)-(1/(DI2)*3.1416)。

finally, according to fig. 4A and 4B, another example of a machine 100 can be seen, in particular a 2x1 machine with a delivery reel 2 of "spun" yarn. The machine comprises a delivery reel 2 of yarn H with a twist of 0, twisting means for applying a twist omega to the yarn H, a pick-up reel 1 of yarn H with a twist value alpha of the wound yarn, means for knowing the instantaneous diameter DI2 of the delivery reel 2, means for knowing the instantaneous diameter DI of the pick-up reel 1, and means for modifying the twist omega applied to the yarn in the twisting means.

In this case, the yarn H leaving from the yarn feeding reel 2 has a twist due to the clearing. The yarn which is cleaned passes through a twisting device, which in this case comprises: a rotating disc; a guiding device 200 for rotating the disc of the twisting device and a rotating device 300.

As can be seen from fig. 4A, the yarn clearing causes the yarn cleared from the delivery spool 2 to have a twist in the Z direction before the twisting device, the twist value λ being equal to:

(λ)＝(1/(DI2)*3.1416)。

in this case, when the twisting device applies twist Ω in the Z-direction, twist Ω should be equal to:

Ω(tpm)＝(1/(DI1)*3.1416)-(1/(DI2)*3.1416)，

wherein: rpm/2=Ω (tpm) of the twisting device 300 yarn linear speed,

the purpose of this is that the twist value α of the wound yarn is variable along the whole pick-up reel 1 and is associated with the instantaneous diameter DI of winding/unwinding of the pick-up reel 1 itself and is equal to:

α(tpm)＝1/(DI(m)*π)。

in contrast, when the twisting device applies twist Ω in the S direction in this case, twist Ω should be equal to:

Ω(tpm)＝(1/(DI1)*3.1416)+(1/(DI2)*3.1416)，

wherein: rpm/2=Ω (tpm) of twisting device 300.

The aim is to make the twist value α of the wound yarn variable along the whole pick-up reel 1 and associated with the instantaneous diameter DI of winding/unwinding of the pick-up reel 1 itself and equal to:

α(tpm)＝1/(DI(m)*π)。

as can be seen from fig. 4B, the yarn that is caused to be raveled by the ravel has a twist in the S direction before the twisting device, the twist value λ being equal to:

(λ)＝(1/(DI2)*3.1416)。

in this case, when the twisting device applies twist Ω in the Z-direction, twist Ω should be equal to:

Ω(tpm)＝(1/(DI1)*3.1416)+(1/(DI2)*3.1416)，

wherein rpm/2=Ω (tpm) of the twisting device 300, yarn linear velocity,

the purpose of this is that the twist value α of the wound yarn is variable along the whole pick-up reel 1 and is associated with the winding/unwinding instantaneous diameter DI of the pick-up reel 1 itself and is equal to:

α(tpm)＝1/(DI(m)*π)。

in contrast, when the twisting device applies twist Ω in the S direction in this case, twist Ω should be equal to:

Ω(tpm)＝(1/(DI1)*3.1416)-(1/(DI2)*3.1416)，

wherein: rpm/2=Ω (tpm) of the twisting device 300.

There are different techniques to obtain the value of the instantaneous diameter of the reel as a whole process, such as an ultrasonic sensor, which is oriented correctly so that it provides an analog signal associated with the distance of the programmable automation or PLC, and by which the instantaneous diameter is calculated later and with the programming means. The instantaneous diameter of the spool can also be known by knowing the yarn speed, yarn characteristics and the geometry of the rolling spool.

The manner in which these textile machines twist is not considered to have to be described in detail, but preferably the invention focuses on the fact that the machines, by knowing the instantaneous diameter of the reels, during the entire twisting cycle and by programming means, can apply to the wound yarn an actual twist that is variable such that the twist value α of the wound yarn is variable along the entire pick-up reel 1, which is associated with the winding/unwinding instantaneous diameter DI of the pick-up reel 1 itself and is equal to:

α(tpm)＝1/(DI(m)*π)。

in summary, in order to obtain the actual twist α in the pick-up reel 1, the twist Ω will be programmed in the twisting machine, and if the twisting machine is a loop or double twist (2 x 1), each machine will operate in its moving parts as appropriate, according to the working principle of the machine.

For ring twisters:

spool 1 rpm= (Ω) ×yarn linear speed.

For a double twister or 2x1 twister:

twisting device 300 RPM/2= (Ω) ×yarn linear speed.

When we speak of zero twist values, this means that the twist target is zero tpm, which should always be sought, although tolerances due to the measurement of DI, DI2 diameter and accuracy of the movement must be taken into account, so that there is a margin around the 0tpm value, preferably +8/-8tpm (where it is considered protected by the invention), even +1/-1tpm or +2/-2tpm, +3/-3tpm.

Having fully described the nature of the invention and the manner of carrying out the invention, it is believed that no further explanation is necessary to extend the scope of the invention and the advantages resulting therefrom to those skilled in the art.

Claims (12)

1. Spool of yarn of natural, synthetic or artificial textile fibres, characterized in that the twist value (α) of the wound yarn is variable along the whole of the spool (1) and is associated with the winding/unwinding instantaneous Diameter (DI) of the spool (1) itself and is equal to:

α(tpm)＝1/(DI*π)，

so that when the yarn is "spun" in a first direction N-S, the twist value (beta) of the yarn after the "spun" yarn is constant along the whole of the spool and substantially equal to 0tpm,

β(tpm)＝0，

and such that when the yarn is "spun" in a second direction S-N opposite to said first direction, the twist value (β') of the yarn after "spun" yarn cleaning is variable along the whole of said reel and equal to:

β’(tpm)＝2/(DI*π)。

2. a yarn twisting method, characterized in that the yarn twisting method comprises the steps of:

● Twisting of the yarn (H) is performed by a twisting device which applies a twist (Ω) associated with the winding/unwinding instantaneous Diameter (DI) of the reel (1) itself;

● Winding the yarn (H) on a pick-up reel (1),

so that the twist value (α) of the yarn wound is variable along the whole of the pick-up reel (1) and is associated with the instantaneous winding/unwinding Diameter (DI) of the pick-up reel (1) itself and is equal to:

α(tpm)＝1/(DI*π)。

3. a yarn twisting machine, characterized in that it comprises:

● A delivery reel (2) for the yarn (H);

● A twisting device that applies twist (Ω) to the yarn;

● A pick-up reel (1) of yarn (H) having a wound yarn with a twist value (alpha);

● -means for knowing the instantaneous Diameter (DI) of the pick-up reel (1);

● Means for modifying the twist (Ω) of the yarn applied to said twisting means of the machine,

so that the twist value (α) of the wound yarn is variable along the whole of the pick-up reel (1) and is associated with the instantaneous winding/unwinding Diameter (DI) of the pick-up reel (1) itself and is equal to:

α(tpm)＝1/(DI*π)。

4. a yarn twisting machine according to claim 3, characterized in that the yarn twisting machine is a ring machine comprising:

● -a delivery reel (2) of 0 twist yarn (H) which unwinds the yarn in a "rolling" manner;

● A twisting device that applies twist (Ω) to the yarn in the S direction;

● -a pick-up reel (1) of yarn (H), said pick-up reel (1) having a wound yarn with a twist value (α);

● -means for knowing the instantaneous Diameter (DI) of the pick-up reel (1);

● Means for modifying the twist (Ω) applied to the yarn in said twisting device of the machine so that the value of twist (Ω) applied is equal to:

Ω(tpm)＝2/(DI*3.1416)，

so that the twist value (α) of the wound yarn is variable along the whole of the pick-up reel (1) and is associated with the instantaneous winding/unwinding Diameter (DI) of the pick-up reel (1) itself and is equal to:

α(tpm)＝1/(DI(m)*π)。

5. a yarn twisting machine according to claim 3, wherein the twisting machine is a ring machine comprising:

● -a delivery reel (2) of 0 twist yarn (H), which "rotates" to unwind such that, when unwinding, a twist in Z-direction is applied to the yarn (H) with a yarn twist value (λ) before the twisting device, and said one yarn twist value (λ) is equal to:

(λ)＝(1/(DI2)*3.1416)；

● A twisting device for applying twist (Ω) to the yarn (H) in the Z-direction;

● A pick-up reel (1) of yarn (H) having a wound yarn with a twist value (alpha);

● -means for knowing the instantaneous diameter (DI 2) of said delivery reel (2);

● -means for knowing the instantaneous Diameter (DI) of the pick-up reel (1);

● Means for modifying the twist (Ω) of the yarn applied to the twisting device of the machine so that the value of twist (Ω) applied is equal to:

Ω(tpm)＝(2/(DI1)*3.1416)-(1/(DI2)*3.1416)，

so that the twist value (α) of the wound yarn is variable along the whole of the pick-up reel (1) and is associated with the instantaneous winding/unwinding Diameter (DI) of the pick-up reel (1) itself and is equal to:

α(tpm)＝1/(DI*π)。

6. a yarn twisting machine according to claim 3, wherein the twisting machine is a ring machine comprising:

● -a delivery reel (2) of 0 twist yarn (H), which "rotates" to unwind such that, when unwinding, a twist in Z-direction is applied to the yarn (H) with a yarn twist value (λ) before the twisting device, and said one yarn twist value (λ) is equal to:

(λ)＝(1/(DI2)*3.1416)；

● A twisting device that applies twist (Ω) to the yarn (H) in the S direction;

● A pick-up reel (1) of yarn (H) having a wound yarn with a twist value (alpha);

● -means for knowing the instantaneous diameter (DI 2) of said delivery reel (2);

● -means for knowing the instantaneous Diameter (DI) of the pick-up reel (1);

● Means for modifying the twist (Ω) of the yarn applied to the twisting device of the machine so that the value of twist (Ω) applied is equal to:

Ω(tpm)＝(2/(DI1)*3.1416)+(1/(DI2)*3.1416)，

so that the twist value (α) of the wound yarn is variable along the whole of the pick-up reel (1) and is associated with the instantaneous winding/unwinding Diameter (DI) of the pick-up reel (1) itself and is equal to:

α(tpm)＝1/(DI*π)。

7. a yarn twisting machine according to claim 3, wherein the twisting machine is a ring machine comprising:

● -a delivery reel (2) of 0 twist yarn (H), which "rotates" to unwind such that, when unwinding, a twist in S direction is applied to the yarn (H) with a yarn twist value (λ) before the twisting device, wherein said one yarn twist value (λ) is equal to:

(λ)＝(1/(DI2)*3.1416)；

● A twisting device for applying twist (Ω) to the yarn (H) in the Z-direction;

● A pick-up reel (1) of yarn (H) having a wound yarn with a twist value (alpha);

● -means for knowing the instantaneous diameter (DI 2) of said delivery reel (2);

● -means for knowing the instantaneous Diameter (DI) of the pick-up reel (1);

● Means for modifying the twist (Ω) applied to the yarn in said twisting device of the machine so that the twist value (Ω) applied is equal to:

Ω(tpm)＝(2/(DI1)*3.1416)+(1/(DI2)*3.1416)，

so that the twist value (α) of the wound yarn is variable along the whole of the pick-up reel (1) and is associated with the instantaneous winding/unwinding Diameter (DI) of the pick-up reel (1) itself and is equal to:

α(tpm)＝1/(DI*π)。

8. a yarn twisting machine according to claim 3, wherein the twisting machine is a ring machine comprising:

● -a delivery reel (2) of 0 twist yarn (H), which "rotates" to unwind such that, when unwinding, a twist in S direction is applied to the yarn (H) with a yarn twist value (λ) before the twisting device, wherein said one yarn twist value (λ) is equal to:

(λ)＝(1/(DI2)*3.1416)；

● A twisting device that applies twist (Ω) to the yarn (H) in the S direction;

● A pick-up reel (1) of yarn (H) having a wound yarn with a twist value (alpha);

● -means for knowing the instantaneous diameter (DI 2) of said delivery reel (2);

● -means for knowing the instantaneous Diameter (DI) of the pick-up reel (1);

● Means for modifying the twist (Ω) of the yarn applied to the twisting device of the machine;

so that the applied twist value (Ω) is equal to:

Ω(tpm)＝(2/(DI1)*3.1416)-(1/(DI2)*3.1416)，

thereby, the twist value (α) of the wound yarn is variable along the whole pick-up reel (1) and is associated with the winding/unwinding instantaneous Diameter (DI) of the pick-up reel (1) itself and is equal to:

α(tpm)＝1/(DI*π)。

9. a yarn twisting machine according to claim 3, characterized in that the twisting machine is a 2x1 machine, the 2x1 machine comprising:

● -a delivery reel (2) of 0 twist yarn (H), which "rotates" to unwind such that, when unwinding, a twist in Z-direction is applied to the yarn (H) with a yarn twist value (λ) before the twisting device, wherein said one yarn twist value (λ) is equal to:

(λ)＝(1/(DI2)*3.1416,

● A twisting device for applying twist (Ω) to the yarn (H) in the Z-direction;

● A pick-up reel (1) of yarn (H) having a wound yarn with a twist value (alpha);

● -means for knowing the instantaneous diameter (DI 2) of said delivery reel (2);

● -means for knowing the instantaneous Diameter (DI) of the pick-up reel (1);

● Means for modifying the twist (Ω) of the yarn applied to said twisting means of the machine so that the value of twist (Ω) applied is equal to:

Ω(tpm)＝(1/(DI1)*3.1416)-(1/(DI2)*3.1416)；

so that the twist value (α) of the wound yarn along the whole pick-up reel (1) is variable and is associated with the winding/unwinding instantaneous Diameter (DI) of the pick-up reel (1) itself and is equal to:

α(tpm)＝1/(DI*π)。

10. a yarn twisting machine according to claim 3, characterized in that the twisting machine is a 2x1 machine, the 2x1 machine comprising:

● -a delivery reel (2) of 0 twist yarn (H) which unwinds in a "rotating" manner such that, when unwinding, a twist in Z direction is applied to the yarn (H) before the twisting device with a yarn twist value (λ), wherein said one yarn twist value (λ) is equal to:

(λ)＝(1/(DI2)*3.1416)，

● A twisting device for applying a twist (omega) to the yarn (H) in the S direction,

● A pick-up reel (1) of yarn (H) having a wound yarn with a twist value (alpha);

● -means for knowing the instantaneous diameter (DI 2) of said delivery reel (2);

● -means for knowing the instantaneous Diameter (DI) of the pick-up reel (1);

● Means for modifying the twist (Ω) of the yarn applied to the twisting device of the machine so that the value of twist (Ω) applied is equal to:

Ω(tpm)＝(1/(DI1)*3.1416)+(1/(DI2)*3.1416)，

thereby, the twist value (α) of the wound yarn is variable along the whole pick-up reel (1) and is associated with the winding/unwinding instantaneous Diameter (DI) of the pick-up reel (1) itself and is equal to:

α(tpm)＝1/(DI*π)。

11. a yarn twisting machine according to claim 3, characterized in that the twisting machine is a 2x1 machine, the 2x1 machine comprising:

● -a delivery reel (2) of 0 twist yarn (H), which unwinds in a "rotating" manner, such that when unwinding, a twist in S direction is applied to the yarn (H) with a yarn twist value (λ) before the twisting device, and said one yarn twist value (λ) is equal to:

(λ)＝(1/(DI2)*3.1416)；

● A twisting device for applying a twist (omega) to the yarn (H) in the Z direction,

● A pick-up reel (1) of yarn (H) having a wound yarn with a twist value (alpha);

● -means for knowing the instantaneous diameter (DI 2) of said delivery reel (2);

● -means for knowing the instantaneous Diameter (DI) of the pick-up reel (1);

● Means for modifying the twist (Ω) of the yarn applied to the twisting device of the machine so that the value of twist (Ω) applied is equal to:

Ω(tpm)＝(1/(DI1)*3.1416)+(1/(DI2)*3.1416)，

so that the twist value (α) of the wound yarn is variable along the whole of the pick-up reel (1) and is associated with the instantaneous winding/unwinding Diameter (DI) of the pick-up reel (1) itself and is equal to:

α(tpm)＝1/(DI*π)。

12. a yarn twisting machine according to claim 3, characterized in that the twisting machine is a 2x1 machine, the 2x1 machine comprising:

● -a delivery reel (2) of 0 twist yarn (H), which "rotates" to unwind such that, when unwinding, a twist in S direction is applied to the yarn (H) with a yarn twist value (λ) before the twisting device, and said one yarn twist value (λ) is equal to:

(λ)＝(1/(DI2)*3.1416,

● A twisting device that applies twist (Ω) to the yarn (H) in the S direction;

● A pick-up reel (1) of yarn (H) having a wound yarn with a twist value (alpha);

● -means for knowing the instantaneous diameter (DI 2) of said delivery reel (2);

● -means for knowing the instantaneous Diameter (DI) of the pick-up reel (1);

● Means for modifying the twist (Ω) of the yarn applied to the twisting device of the machine so that the value of twist (Ω) applied is equal to:

Ω(tpm)＝(1/(DI1)*3.1416)-(1/(DI2)*3.1416)；

so that the twist value (α) of the wound yarn is variable along the whole of the pick-up reel (1) and is associated with the instantaneous winding/unwinding Diameter (DI) of the pick-up reel (1) itself and is equal to:

α(tpm)＝1/(DI*π)。