Fused salt heating device with electromagnetic induction heating and resistance heating coupled
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of energy storage, in particular to a fused salt heating device with electromagnetic induction heating and resistance heating coupled.
Background
In recent years, renewable energy has been rapidly developed with a rapid increase in energy demand and scarcity of fossil energy. However, since renewable energy systems depend too much on external environmental factors, their inherent volatility and intermittence are determined, which presents a great challenge for the stability and safety of the power grid. Therefore, in order to meet the stability of the load and frequency response of the power grid system and improve the digestion capability of the new energy system, the coal-fired power plant must improve the operation flexibility, so that the load response is faster. Improving the flexibility of the power system is a core problem to be solved by the novel power system. The coal-fired power generation is still a main peak shaving power supply in China, and because the traditional thermal power has poor peak shaving capability and load response delay. The flexible transformation of the coal-fired unit is an important measure for solving the conflict between the thermal power generation and the new energy development, and the coal-fired power generation-heat storage coupling technology is a main way for realizing the flexible transformation of the unit. The low-valley electric power is utilized to heat molten salt, and the heat storage technology is utilized to generate steam to drive the steam turbine to operate, so that the purpose of peak clipping and valley filling can be effectively achieved.
The molten salt heating device is the core content of the technology. Currently, the electric heating molten salt technology can be divided into two types, namely resistance heating molten salt and electromagnetic induction heating molten salt. The voltage class of the resistance type molten salt heater is small, and for a high-power molten salt heating system, a large number of electric heaters are needed to increase heating power by simply using the resistance type molten salt heater. In order to avoid overtemperature of the surface of the electric heater, multistage heating is needed, so that the volume and the occupied area of the molten salt heater are very large, and the investment cost is relatively high. In addition, as the temperature of the molten salt increases, not only is more high-grade electrical energy required, but the heating rate also decreases.
Electromagnetic induction heating technology is another possible molten salt heating technology. In the electromagnetic heater, both a heating element for cutting the magnetic induction line and a heat transfer body for transferring heat to the molten salt are metal shells of the heater. The thermal power of electromagnetic heating depends on the upper temperature limit acceptable for the metal being heated. If the metal surface temperature exceeds the upper limit of the operation temperature of the molten salt, the molten salt can be cracked or gasified in an over-temperature area, so that the service life of the molten salt is drastically reduced. In the prior intermediate frequency electromagnetic heating equipment, a metal light pipe is used as a heating body and a heat transfer body, so that the heating density of the electromagnetic heating technology is limited by the area of the inner wall of the heater. In addition, since the molten salt medium can only conduct convective heat transfer in the heating vessel by means of molten salt, the temperature distribution of the molten salt in the heater is extremely uneven. If the current penetration depth in the electromagnetic heater is far greater than the wall thickness of the heating tube, the heating efficiency is lost. Since the electromagnetic heater is limited by the area of the inner wall, a single use of the electromagnetic heater requires the electromagnetic heater to be slim and multiple parallel connections to meet the flow and heating temperature limitations, which can complicate power distribution and take up a large area.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a fused salt heating device with coupled electromagnetic induction heating and resistance heating, which aims to solve the problems that a single resistance heater is large in size and slow in heating, and the fused salt temperature in the single electromagnetic induction heater is unevenly distributed, and a plurality of heating devices are required to be connected in parallel, so that the wiring is complex.
The specific technical scheme is as follows:
a molten salt heating apparatus coupled with electromagnetic induction heating and resistance heating, comprising: baffle, resistance heating rod, metal shell I, metal shell II, metal shell III, insulating layer, electromagnetic induction coil, sealing cover I, sealing cover II, temperature sensor, data acquisition and control center;
the metal shell I is a cylindrical shell with a sealed bottom, the metal shell II and the metal shell III are coaxially sleeved outside the metal shell I in sequence, and the metal shell II and the metal shell III are both cylindrical shells; the baffle is connected with the bottoms of the metal shell I and the metal shell III and realizes sealing; the bottom of the metal shell I is provided with a molten salt inlet, and the top of the metal shell I is provided with a sealing cover II for sealing; the resistance heating rod is arranged in the metal shell I, and the top of the resistance heating rod is fixedly connected to the sealing cover II; the top of the side wall of the metal shell I is provided with a molten salt outlet I;
the sealing cover I is arranged between the top of the metal shell III and the metal shell I to realize sealing, the top of the metal shell II is fixedly connected to the sealing cover I, and the bottom of the metal shell II is kept at a fixed distance from the upper surface of the baffle; the top of the side wall of the metal shell III is provided with a molten salt outlet II; the insulation layer is arranged at the bottom of the metal shell I, the baffle plate and the periphery of the metal shell III, and the electromagnetic induction coil is wound outside the insulation layer at the periphery of the metal shell III;
the plurality of temperature sensors are respectively arranged at the molten salt inlet, the molten salt outlet I, the upper part of the baffle, the inner wall of the metal shell III and the molten salt outlet II, and the acquired temperature data are transmitted to the data acquisition and control center; the data acquisition and control center is used for controlling the heating power of the resistance heating rod and the electromagnetic induction coil and the molten salt flow at the molten salt inlet.
Further, the device also comprises a guide ball and a guide plate; the flow guiding ball is arranged above the molten salt inlet, so that molten salt uniformly flows into the metal shell I; the guide plates are arranged on the inner wall of the metal shell I in a staggered manner and are parallel along the axial direction, and through holes are formed in the guide plates so that the resistance heating rods can pass through.
Further, if the data acquisition and control center detects that the adhesion temperature of the metal shell III is too high, heating of the electromagnetic induction coil is stopped; if the temperature of the molten salt outlet II is too low, reducing the flow rate of the molten salt at the molten salt inlet or improving the heating power of the resistance heating rod and/or the electromagnetic induction coil; and if the temperature of the molten salt outlet I or the upper part of the baffle plate does not reach a preset value, adjusting the heating power of the resistance heating rod.
Further, the molten salt outlets I are distributed uniformly along the circumference of the metal shell I.
Further, an insulating protective cover is arranged on the periphery of the electromagnetic induction coil and used for protecting the electromagnetic induction coil and avoiding external interference.
Further, nitrate is selected as the molten salt, and carbon steel is selected as the material of the metal shell I, the metal shell II and the metal shell III if the working temperature is below 310 ℃; if the working temperature is below 480 ℃, selecting 9Cr; if the working temperature is below 570 ℃, austenite is selected; if the working temperature is below 600 ℃, the nickel-based alloy is selected.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
(1) The invention couples electromagnetic induction heating and resistance heating, effectively relieves the defects of large volume, low heating speed and low heating power of a single resistance heater, and has the advantages of quick response time and small occupied area.
(2) According to the invention, electromagnetic induction heating and resistance heating are coupled, so that the problem of molten salt decomposition caused by uneven molten salt temperature distribution and over-high adherent molten salt temperature in a single electromagnetic induction heater is avoided.
(3) The invention can fully utilize the outer wall of the resistance wire heater in the electromagnetic induction heating part, thereby solving the problem that the heating of a single electromagnetic induction heater is limited by the area of the inner wall and improving the efficiency of electromagnetic induction heating.
(4) According to the invention, the high-temperature molten salt in the electromagnetic induction heating part conducts heat to the molten salt between the metal shell I and the metal shell II through the metal shell II, so that the molten salt heated by the resistance wire is preheated, and the electromagnetic induction heating efficiency is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a fused salt heating apparatus of the present invention in which electromagnetic induction heating and resistance heating are coupled.
In the figure, a molten salt inlet 1, a flow guiding ball 2, a baffle plate 3, a resistance heating rod 4, a metal shell I5, a metal shell II 6, a metal shell III 7, an insulating heat preservation layer 8, an electromagnetic induction coil 9, an insulating protection cover 10, a molten salt outlet II 11, a molten salt outlet I12, a sealing cover I13, a sealing cover II 14, a junction box 15, a flow guiding plate 16, a temperature sensor 17 and a data acquisition and control center 18.
Detailed Description
The objects and effects of the present invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments and the accompanying drawings, in which the present invention is further described in detail. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, a molten salt heating apparatus in which electromagnetic induction heating and resistance heating are coupled, comprising: the device comprises a flow guiding ball 2, a baffle 3, a resistance heating rod 4, a metal shell I5, a metal shell II 6, a metal shell III 7, an insulating heat preservation layer 8, an electromagnetic induction coil 9, an insulating protection cover 10, a sealing cover I13, a sealing cover II 14, a junction box 15, a flow guiding plate 16, a temperature sensor 17 and a data acquisition and control center 18.
The metal shell I5 is a cylindrical shell with an ellipsoidal bottom and a seal, the metal shell II 6 and the metal shell III 7 are coaxially sleeved outside, the metal shell II 6 and the metal shell III 7 are cylindrical shells, and the diameter of the metal shell I5, the diameter of the metal shell II 6 and the diameter of the metal shell III 7 are sequentially increased. The baffle 3 is annular, the periphery is fixedly connected with and sealed with the bottom of the metal shell III 7, and the inner periphery is fixedly connected with and sealed with the ellipsoidal bottom of the metal shell I5.
The ellipsoidal bottom of the metal shell I5 is provided with a molten salt inlet 1, and low-temperature molten salt enters the metal shell I5 from the molten salt inlet 1; and a flow guiding ball 2 is arranged above the inlet, the flow guiding ball 2 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the metal shell I5 through a ribbed plate, and the flow guiding ball 2 is used for enabling molten salt at the inlet flow field to uniformly flow to a resistance heating area inside the metal shell I5. The sealing cover II 14 is arranged at the top of the metal shell I5 and is used for sealing the inner area of the metal shell I5; the resistance heating rod 4 has many, all is U type heating rod, arranges in the inside of metal casing I5, and sealed lid II 14 is embedded at its top for the inside fused salt of heating metal casing I5. A junction box 15 is arranged above the sealing cover II 14 and is used for controlling the current, voltage and frequency of the resistance heating rod 4.
A plurality of guide plates 16 are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the metal shell I5, and the guide plates 16 are axially parallel and are arranged in a staggered manner, so that molten salt flows along the direction of the guide plates 16, and the molten salt is uniformly distributed and sufficiently heated; the baffle 16 is provided with a through hole, which is convenient for the resistance heating rod 4 to pass through. A plurality of molten salt outlets I12 which are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction are formed in the top of the side wall of the metal shell I5.
The sealing cover I13 is arranged between the top of the metal shell III 7 and the metal shell I5 and is used for sealing an annular area between the metal shell III 7 and the metal shell I5, and the sealing cover I13 is arranged above the molten salt outlet I12, so that molten salt after resistance heating is not influenced and flows out of the annular area. The top embedding sealed lid I13 of metal casing II 6, the bottom of metal casing II 6 and the upper surface of baffle 3 have certain distance, make things convenient for the fused salt to follow metal casing I5 side and flow into metal casing III 7 side. And a molten salt outlet II 11 is formed in the top of the side wall of the metal shell III 7, and molten salt heated by electromagnetic induction flows out from the molten salt outlet II 11.
The insulating layer 8 is arranged at the ellipsoidal bottom of the metal shell I5, the baffle 3 and the periphery of the metal shell III 7, and plays roles of insulation and heat preservation. An electromagnetic induction coil 9 is wound on the outer side of an insulating heat-insulating layer 8 positioned on the periphery of the metal shell III 7, and when alternating current is introduced into the electromagnetic induction coil 9, eddy current is generated in the metal shell III 7 to realize heating.
An insulating protection cover 10 is provided at the outer periphery of the electromagnetic induction coil 9 for protecting the electromagnetic induction coil 9 and avoiding external interference.
Five temperature sensors 17 are respectively arranged at the molten salt inlet 1, the molten salt outlet I12, the upper part of the baffle plate 3, the inner wall of the metal shell III 7 and the molten salt outlet II 11, the wall adhering temperatures at the five positions are collected, and temperature data are transmitted to a data collection and control center 18; the data acquisition and control center 18 cooperatively controls the heating power of the resistance heating rod 4 and the electromagnetic induction coil 9 and the flow rate at the molten salt inlet 1 according to the temperature data, so that the temperature of the finally obtained molten salt reaches the expected value, the heating time is short, and the molten salt is not decomposed due to overheating.
When the device is installed, firstly, the metal shell I5 is fixed, the guide ball 2 and the guide plate 16 are installed inside, and secondly, the metal shell III 7 and the baffle 3 are installed; and then installing a sealing cover I13 embedded with a metal shell II 6 and a sealing cover II 14 embedded with a metal rod 4 to finish the sealing of the three metal shells. Finally, an insulating layer 8 is installed, an electromagnetic induction coil 9 is wound, and an insulating protective cover 10 is installed. The device used in the invention is nested, and the resistance heating rod 4 and the metal shell II 6 for resistance heating can be independently provided, so that the device is convenient to install.
In the practical application process, the used molten salt is composite molten salt with low corrosiveness and wide working range, and is selected according to the working temperature range, if the working temperature is 290-560 ℃, the industrially mature 60NaNO is selected 3 -40KNO 3 . Similarly, the materials of the three metal shells and the guide plate 16 are also selected according to the highest temperature (design temperature) of the molten salt flowing through each side, so that the selected molten salt has the characteristic of corrosion resistance in the working temperature range; taking less corrosive nitrate as an example, if the working temperature is below 310 ℃, selecting carbon steel; if the working temperature is below 480 ℃, selecting 9Cr; if the working temperature is below 570 ℃, austenite is selected; if the working temperature is below 600 ℃, the nickel-based alloy is selected.
The molten salt heating step specifically comprises the following steps: molten salt after melting vertically enters the metal shell I5 from the molten salt inlet 1 at a certain speed, and the molten salt passes through the flow guiding ball 2 to realize uniform flow distribution. The data acquisition and control center 18 regulates and controls the heating power of the resistance heating rod 4, and the resistance heating rod 4 transmits heat to molten salt to realize primary heating of the molten salt; in this process, the molten salt flows through the baffle 16 in the metal shell i 5, so that the molten salt temperature distribution is more uniform. The molten salt which is subjected to resistance heating flows out from a molten salt outlet I12, flows to the baffle plate 3 along the metal shell II 6 under the action of gravity, passes through the baffle plate 3 and flows into an annular region between the metal shell II 6 and the metal shell III 7. The data acquisition and control center 18 regulates and controls the heating power of the electromagnetic induction coil 9, the metal shell III 7 is heated, the metal shell III 7 transfers heat to molten salt, the molten salt realizes rapid heating, and the molten salt subjected to secondary heating flows out from the molten salt outlet II 11. In the molten salt heating process, the metal shell II 6 plays roles in flow guiding and heat conduction, so that molten salt realizes the flow direction from the top end of the metal shell I5 to the baffle 3 at the bottom and then to the top end of the metal shell III 7; the metal shell II 6 can also transmit the temperature of the secondarily heated high-temperature molten salt to the molten salt heated by the resistance wire, so that the molten salt is preheated after primary heating and before secondary heating, and the heating efficiency of subsequent secondary heating (namely electromagnetic induction heating) is improved.
The data acquisition and control center 18 is controlled as follows:
(1) The flow and the temperature of the molten salt inlet 1 are set, and the heating power required by the resistance heating rod 4 and the electromagnetic induction coil 9 is calculated according to the working temperature range, the flow and the initial temperature of the selected molten salt, so that the electric energy utilization efficiency is maximized.
(2) Real-time monitoring of molten salt inlet 1 (T in the figure) 1 ) A molten salt outlet II 11 (T in the figure) 4 ) Molten salt outlet I12 (T in the figure) 3 ) Above the baffle 3 (T in the figure) 2 ) The adhesion temperature of the metal shell III 7 (T in the figure) 5 ). If T 5 If the temperature is too high, the heating of the electromagnetic induction coil 9 is stopped; if T 4 If the temperature is too low, the flow rate of the molten salt at the molten salt inlet 1 is properly reduced or the heating power of the resistance heating rod 4 and the electromagnetic induction coil 9 is increased; if T 2 Or T 3 And if the temperature does not reach the preset value, the heating power of the resistance heating rod 4 is regulated.
The invention uses low-valley electric power to heat molten salt, and utilizes heat storage technology to generate steam to drive the steam turbine to operate, thus effectively achieving the purpose of peak clipping and valley filling.
In summary, the device provided by the invention adopts two heating modes to be coupled, the low-temperature molten salt adopts resistance heating, and the high-temperature molten salt adopts electromagnetic induction heating, so that the design not only can overcome the disadvantages that the single resistance heating mode is low in heating speed and needs more high-grade electric energy, but also can solve the problems that the single electromagnetic induction heating molten salt is uneven in internal temperature and high in external temperature, and the molten salt is easy to decompose. In addition, the device has the advantages of quick response time, reasonable utilization of high-grade electric energy, small occupied area and the like.
It will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that the foregoing description is a preferred embodiment of the invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, but rather to limit the invention to the specific embodiments described, and that modifications may be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof, for the purposes of those skilled in the art. Modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.