CN116736179A - A household intelligent switch leakage alarm device - Google Patents

A household intelligent switch leakage alarm device Download PDF

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Publication number
CN116736179A
CN116736179A CN202310539296.3A CN202310539296A CN116736179A CN 116736179 A CN116736179 A CN 116736179A CN 202310539296 A CN202310539296 A CN 202310539296A CN 116736179 A CN116736179 A CN 116736179A
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China
Prior art keywords
leakage
fault
current
switch
tripping
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CN202310539296.3A
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CN116736179B (en
Inventor
孙德斌
曹岑
杨晓春
薛徐杨
韩舒
秦勇
徐鹏鹏
孙彤彤
冒春艳
徐昊
沈天宇
顾婷艳
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Nantong Electric Power Design Institute Co ltd
Nantong Power Supply Co of State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Co Ltd
Rudong Power Supply Co State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Co Ltd
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Nantong Power Supply Co of State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Co Ltd
Rudong Power Supply Co State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Co Ltd
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Publication of CN116736179A publication Critical patent/CN116736179A/en
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/50—Testing of electric apparatus, lines, cables or components for short-circuits, continuity, leakage current or incorrect line connections
    • G01R31/52—Testing for short-circuits, leakage current or ground faults
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01K13/00—Thermometers specially adapted for specific purposes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R27/00—Arrangements for measuring resistance, reactance, impedance, or electric characteristics derived therefrom
    • G01R27/02—Measuring real or complex resistance, reactance, impedance, or other two-pole characteristics derived therefrom, e.g. time constant
    • G01R27/025—Measuring very high resistances, e.g. isolation resistances, i.e. megohm-meters

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a household intelligent switch leakage protection alarm which can know the insulation of an internal circuit after tripping and accurately distinguish whether the tripping is caused by overheat, overload, short circuit, electric leakage, overvoltage and undervoltage and automatically detect the insulation of the internal circuit and periodically test the leakage protection function on line after tripping. And the operation data such as current, voltage and the like are displayed in real time, the fault data during tripping is stored, the fault type is displayed, the fault handling accuracy is improved, and the intelligent monitoring of leakage protection is facilitated. According to the tripping type, repair staff can quickly find out faults, and the fault removal efficiency is improved; the insulation is automatically detected before power transmission, the insulation condition is judged by the insulation resistance, the insulation damage refuses to carry out strong power transmission, frequent power failure caused by internal faults is avoided, and the reliability of power utilization is improved. The invention innovates: (1) an insulation automatic test function; (2) automatically testing the leakage protection function on line; (3) The tripping type and the fault data during tripping are displayed, so that the maintenance is convenient; and (4) an overvoltage and undervoltage protection tripping function.

Description

Household intelligent switch leakage protection alarm
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of household intelligent switch leakage protection in a low-voltage distribution network, in particular to a household intelligent switch leakage protection alarm.
Background
At present, the electric energy is an indispensable energy source for national economy development and social progress, but the electric safety problem caused by line equipment faults is more prominent along with the increase of electric quantity. In line equipment failure, accidents due to improper use and maintenance are increasing. The electric power consumption device has the advantages that a large number of people contact with the low-voltage distribution system circuit and the electric equipment, almost all people meet the household life electric power consumption, and few people master the electric professionals. The failure of line equipment can cause fire, especially electric leakage failure can even cause personal electric shock and death, and huge economic loss and irreparable personal injury are caused. Therefore, the technical means and measures for preventing the occurrence of the leakage accident are necessary, and the leakage protector is the equipment for protecting the life of the life-threatening person from electric shock when the equipment has the leakage fault, has overload and short-circuit protection functions, is used for protecting the overload and short-circuit of the circuit or the electrical equipment, and can be used for starting the circuit without frequent conversion under normal conditions. A switch (an air switch or a called breaker, abbreviated as "idle switch") with leakage protection and short circuit and overload functions is already an electrical standard for normal life production. At present, a leakage protection switch (an air switch with a leakage protection function) has the following functions: 1. tripping of the leakage protection; 2. overload trip (thermal protection type); 3. short circuit tripping (electromagnetic protection type); 4. the leakage protection function needs to be tested manually at regular intervals. The existing air-gap considers the cost problem, and 4 causes:
1. the tripping type is unknown, and great difficulty is brought to fault detection. Because the empty-switch fault tripping is no information, the user does not detect after the switch tripping (the reason is that the special knowledge is not available, and the detection equipment or tools are not available), and forced power transmission is carried out. Results of forced power transmission: firstly, success (about 60 percent of the ratio) is achieved, and normal electricity is used; secondly, failure (about 40% of the ratio) causes equipment damage, fault expansion or external tripping, and increases economic loss or public welfare loss of the fault. The fault tripping is without information, and the professional repair is sometimes quite troublesome, and the fault type is not well distinguished and can only be detected; 2. the overload protection failure phenomenon is more frequent, namely that a plurality of trips are that the working current is smaller than the rated current and not electric leakage (about 30% of the failure rate), so that the fault detection is difficult or impossible, and the power transmission is good. The reason is that the contact (contact) of the switch body is singed by the arc when the switch is opened, causing poor contact. The contact resistance has large discreteness, is difficult to find in site detection at one time, causes incomplete fault treatment, and can generate the faults; 3. the leakage protection function periodic test user tests regularly (usually 1 time/month, 1 time/week in rainy season) through test buttons on the panel, and for various reasons, few people do little, the leakage protection function periodic test user takes a long time, and because the components are aged, the function failure is unknown, and the trouble is caused when the leakage protection function periodic test user is critical; 4. without overvoltage protection function, when the low-voltage system voltage is obviously problematic, damage to electrical equipment or electrical fire can be caused, and particularly, overvoltage damage is larger, so that fire is easily caused.
In order to prevent the occurrence of electricity safety accidents and protect personal safety of residents, it is increasingly important to develop a set of high-end intelligent leakage protection switch device with all the functions.
In order to solve the above problems, as disclosed in chinese patent publication No. CN113193538A, an anti-earth wire bidirectional leakage protection device is designed to solve the problems of reverse leakage caused by interconnection of a ground terminal of a household circuit and zero-live wire open-circuit protection only when the leakage is realized in the prior art, and the anti-earth wire bidirectional leakage protection device comprises a sampling circuit, an electromagnetic low-voltage selection control circuit, a trigger circuit, an alarm circuit and a switch open-circuit, wherein the sampling circuit inputs a direction signal into an input end of the electromagnetic low-voltage selection control circuit through a voltage direction signal sensor, the selection control circuit realizes selection of trigger protection corresponding to forward and reverse signals, then a trigger signal is input into the trigger circuit, voltage reduction and threshold selection of an accessed leakage voltage are realized in the trigger circuit, and then the trigger relay is amplified through a triode to be triggered to be attracted, so as to drive corresponding alarm actions and turn-off protection actions of the zero-live wire in the alarm circuit and the switch open-circuit, thereby realizing bidirectional leakage protection.
Another example is chinese patent publication No. CN108400571a discloses a leakage protector with leakage alarm, which relates to the technical field of leakage protector, and includes: the device comprises an action module, a leakage protection control module, a leakage detection module and a leakage alarm module; the action module is used for switching off the power supply; the leakage protection control module is used for controlling the action module to cut off the power supply; the leakage detection module is used for detecting whether the ground wire, the live wire and the zero wire are leaked or not, and when the leakage is detected, the leakage detection module sends out a leakage signal, and the leakage protection control module sends out a power-off signal after receiving the leakage signal; the action module receives the power-off signal and then cuts off the power supply; compared with the prior art, the leakage protector not only cuts off the power supply of the load, but also gives an alarm through the leakage alarm module, and only the leakage alarm module is powered off, so that the leakage alarm module can stop alarming.
At present, the existing leakage protection device has the following defects: the patent 1 realizes the reverse leakage protection caused by the interconnection of the household circuit grounding end and the zero live wire circuit breaking protection during the leakage. The leakage protector of patent 2 not only cuts off the power supply of the load, but also gives an alarm through the leakage alarm module, and both patents improve the electricity safety to a certain extent, but the problems of overload protection, overvoltage protection, fault tripping type and the like of the leakage protector still need to be solved currently, and the prior art still needs to be improved.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a household intelligent switch leakage protection alarm to solve the problems.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: the utility model provides a domestic intelligent switch leakage protection alarm mainly comprises detection part, middle component part, execution part, mainly contains the following step:
s1: the detection part is added with a current transformer, a temperature sensor and an insulation resistance measurement device on the basis of a zero sequence transformer of a detection element part of a traditional leakage protection, and displays leakage current detected by the zero sequence transformer;
s2, the middle element part realizes the comprehensive comparison of the zero sequence signal, the positive sequence signal and the temperature signal, outputs the output results of the 3 comparators to the actuating mechanism, judges the failure cause through the comparison of the 3 signals, and outputs overheat, overload, electric leakage and short circuit;
and S3, the execution part determines whether to start storing the leakage current value according to the comparison signal of the leakage current, judges whether the device has abnormal temperature in the switch according to the comparison signal of the temperature, and simultaneously, enables the insulation resistance measuring device to act after the switch trips, and saves the insulation resistance measuring value and logically judges.
When the line is in normal condition, the current I passing through the leakage protection loop 0 Equal to zero, in a home distribution box, the currents of the live and neutral wires satisfy: i L +I N =0. In a three-phase four-wire system home power distribution system, the following should be satisfied: i A +I B +I C +I PEN =0. At this time, the current passing through the leakage protection loop is zero, so that the coil does not generate induced voltage and cannot drive the actuating mechanism to act. Wherein I is L ，I N Respectively representing live wire current and zero wire current, I A ，I B ，I C ，I PEN The current of A, B, C three phases and neutral line are shown, respectively.
Further, referring to fig. 1, when leakage current occurs in the circuit, leakage current I occurs 0 The current vector sum passing through the leakage protection loop is not zero at the moment through the ground equivalent resistance and enters the ground, namely, in a home distribution box, the detection mechanism detects that: i L +I N ＝I 0 In a three-phase four-wire system home power distribution system, a detection mechanism detects: i A +I B +I C +I PEN ＝I 0 ，I 0 The leakage current measured by the zero sequence current transformer is represented, and the leakage protection coil can generate induced voltage due to the change of the current passing through the loop, so that the tripping mechanism of the protector can act.
Further, rated leakage operation current I op =30ma, the leakage current value is amplified, and the output result of the amplifier is input to the comparator.
Further, when leakage current I 0 Not less than 25mA, and I 0 <When the current leakage current value is 30mA, the memory stores the current leakage current value and displays the current leakage current value on the display screen 1, the leakage protection alarm gives out early warning, and the equipment works normally.
Further, I 0 And when the voltage is more than or equal to 30mA, indicating that the equipment fails, outputting an intermediate signal to an execution signal, tripping a switch and displaying electric leakage on a display screen 2.
Further, the overcurrent fault is detected, the current I measured by the current transformer is rated as I n The temperature measured by the temperature sensor is T, and the setting value of the normal working temperature is T set ，T≤T set When I 0 <30mA, and the current I measured by the current transformer is greater than I n The device fails, outputs an intermediate signal to the execution signal, trips the switch and displays a "short" on the display screen 2.
Further, the overheat fault is identified, the overheat reason is judged, the temperature measured by the temperature sensor is T, and the setting value of the normal working temperature is T set ，T≤T set When the actuator is not actuated, the temperature detection is continued, and when the measured temperature T is greater than T set When the temperature is continuously higher, the time reaches the time limit, and the overheat fault is judged to occur; and judging the overheat reason from the current signal (I > I at this time) n Namely overload; i is less than or equal to I n I.e. superheated).
Further, when the detecting device detects that the line is in a normal condition, as shown in fig. 2, the main switch is in a closing state. When the main switch trips due to faults, the relay K acts, the switch of the rectifying circuit is closed, the switch on the side of the circuit 2 is closed to be short-circuited, the power supply on the side of the power supply is simultaneously output to DC500V through the AC220V/DC500V isolation module after the fault circuit is isolated, and the insulation resistance measurement can be expressed as follows: r is R x ＝500/I R Wherein I R Representative of the current measured by the insulation detection device, see fig. 4, which can be expressed as: i R ＝U R R, wherein U R Representing the sampled voltage, R represents the sampled fixed resistance, and therefore the insulation resistance:
R x ＝500*R/U R
when the switch trips, the insulation resistance measuring device acts, and the insulation resistance is measured, displayed and stored; the device measures insulation before forced power transmission (customers can not know at any time at home sometimes after tripping, and wait for finding out home leakage protection tripping, the time can be long, the insulation can be recovered to be normal after a long time), the insulation is good, the device automatically transmits power, and otherwise the device refuses to transmit and gives an alarm.
Further, if I in the overheat fault S3 is identified>In or InI 0 <And 30mA is judged to be an overload overheat fault, the action trips, and the screen 2 displays overload.
Further, the if current I in the overheat fault S3 is identified<I n And I 0 <30mA, then it is determined that the contact is overheat, the action is tripped, and the screen 2 displays "overheat". When the overheat state is displayed, users are required to be reminded of timely replacing the switch (contact point) to avoid frequent tripping of the switch for overheat caused by poor contact due to multiple arcing of the switch contact.
Further, the working voltage U is greater than the set upper limit U u For overvoltage (over-voltage) faults, when U is smaller than the set lower limit voltage U d Is an undervoltage (undervoltage) fault and directly acts on tripping.
Further, the leakage protection function is tested periodically, and when the test time is not reached, the output signal is low, and the output signal is high after not gate, so long as the leakage current I 0 ≥I op Outputting a high level to the or gate to trip. The output of the periodic test is high when the time arrives, and the output is low (node H) after NOT gate, although leakage current (alarm signal logic analog addition) I 0 ≥I op The output high level (node G) is forbidden to output (not trip) through an AND gate to realize the automatic test leakage protection function without power failure at regular intervals, and the alarm signal logic judges whether the leakage protection function is normal or not according to the levels of the nodes G and H. The test results are displayed on the display screen 1.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the household intelligent switch leakage protection alarm can clearly see the internal insulation condition after tripping, accurately distinguish the household leakage alarm which is caused by overheat, overload, short circuit or leakage, overvoltage and undervoltage and automatically detects a fault line after tripping, and display current, leakage current, voltage and temperature operation data in real time, thereby being beneficial to intelligent monitoring of leakage protection; after tripping, displaying fault data at the tripping time, and improving the accuracy of fault detection; the tripping reason is accurately displayed, so that citizens and staff can rapidly judge the fault reason on site, and the fault removal efficiency of the home line is improved; the insulation is detected before power transmission, whether the insulation is damaged or not is judged according to the insulation resistance, the strong power transmission is refused due to the insulation damage, frequent power failure caused by electric leakage of household appliances is avoided, and the reliability of power utilization is improved. There are 4 innovations: (1) insulation test function. (2) automatically testing the leakage protection function without power failure at regular intervals. (3) And fault data of the tripping type and the tripping time are displayed, so that maintenance personnel can put vectors conveniently. And (4) the protection function of overvoltage and undervoltage tripping.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a functional block diagram of a leakage protection alarm for a household intelligent switch;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a power supply end of the intelligent switch leakage protection alarm of the household distribution box;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a user terminal of the intelligent switch leakage protection alarm of the household power distribution system;
FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram of an insulation resistance test of the leakage protection alarm of the household intelligent switch;
FIG. 5 is a partial data diagram of a display screen 1 of the leakage protection alarm device of the household intelligent switch;
FIG. 6 is a partial data diagram of a display screen 2 of the leakage protection alarm device of the intelligent switch for home use.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments.
The invention provides a technical scheme that: a leakage protection alarm for a household intelligent switch comprises a detection element part, a middle element part and an execution part. Wherein the detection element portion includes: zero sequence transformer, current transformer, voltage transformer, temperature sensor, insulation resistance measurement and automatic test leakage protection function device without power failure at regular intervals. The intermediate element portion includes: an amplifier, a comparator and a trip coil. The actuator part includes: tripping mechanism, alarm, memory, display.
Under normal working conditions, after the middle element part receives the values transmitted by the zero sequence transformer, the current transformer and the temperature sensor of the detection element part, the leakage current I is judged 0 Meets the requirement that I is less than or equal to 25mA 0 Line current I less than or equal to 30mA<I n The line temperature T is less than or equal to T set When the alarm device is used, the memory and the display of the executive component part display and store leakage current values, and the alarm device adopts two alarm modes according to the daytime and the nighttime to prompt personnel to have leakage risk: the night light prompt adopts the sound prompt in daytime, considers the influence of noise on residents, and adopts the flashing light prompt.
When the middle element part receives the values transmitted by the zero sequence transformer, the current transformer and the temperature sensor of the detection element part, the leakage current I is judged 0 Satisfy I 0 Not less than 30mA, line current I<I n The line temperature T is less than or equal to T set When the intermediate element portion drives the actuating portion, the switch is tripped by the trip mechanism. The display screen 2 displays 'electric leakage', the insulation resistance measuring device is started, and the memory and the display and store the leakage current and the insulation resistance value.
When the middle element part receives the values transmitted by the zero sequence transformer, the current transformer and the temperature sensor of the detection element part, the leakage current I is judged 0 Satisfy I 0 <30mA, current I > I n The temperature T is less than or equal to T set When the intermediate element portion drives the actuating portion, the switch is tripped by the trip mechanism. The display screen 2 displays short circuit, the insulation resistance measuring device is started, and the memory and the display leakage current and insulation resistance values.
When the middle element part receives the values transmitted by the zero sequence transformer, the current transformer and the temperature sensor of the detection element part, the leakage current I is judged 0 Satisfy I 0 <30mA, current I < I n Temperature T is greater than or equal to T set When the intermediate element portion drives the actuating portion, the switch is tripped by the trip mechanism. The display screen 2 displays overheat, the insulation resistance measuring device is started, and the memory and the display leakage current and insulation resistance values.
When the middle element part receives the values transmitted by the zero sequence transformer, the current transformer and the temperature sensor of the detection element part, the leakage is judgedStream I 0 Satisfy I 0 Less than 30mA, line current I is more than or equal to In, and line temperature T is more than T set When the intermediate element portion drives the actuating portion, the switch is tripped by the trip mechanism. The display screen 2 displays overload, the insulation resistance measuring device is started, and the memory and the display leakage current and insulation resistance values.
The working voltage U is greater than the set upper limit U u For overvoltage (over-voltage) faults, when U is smaller than the set lower limit voltage U d Is an undervoltage (undervoltage) fault and directly acts on tripping. The display screen 2 displays "overvoltage" or "undervoltage".
The leakage protection function is tested periodically, the alarm signal logic sends out signal, when the test time is not reached, the low level is output, and after not gate, the leakage current I is only needed 0 ≥I op Outputting a high level to the or gate to trip. The output of the periodic test is high when the time arrives, and the output is low (node H) after NOT gate, although leakage current (alarm signal logic analog addition) I 0 ≥I op The output high level (node G) is forbidden to output (not trip) through an AND gate, so that the automatic test leakage protection function without power outage at regular intervals is realized. The alarm signal logic judges whether the leakage protection function is normal or not according to the level of the nodes G and H. The test results are displayed on the display screen 1.
The display principle of the display screen 2 is shown in table 1, and the detection voltage U is smaller than the lower limit set value U d The display screen 2 displays 'under-voltage', and the detection voltage U is larger than the upper limit set value U u An "overpressure" will be displayed on the display screen 2. The detected variable is transmitted to the comparator, when the result of the comparator is I 0 ≤25mA，I＜I n And T is less than or equal to T set At this time, no display is provided on the display screen 2. When the comparator results in 25mA < I 0 ＜30mA，I＜I n ，T≤T set When the electric leakage tripping device is in a state, no display is arranged on the display screen 2, but an early warning signal is sent to prompt that the electric leakage tripping risk exists. When the comparator results in I 0 ≥30mA，I＜I n ，T≤T set In this case, "leakage" is displayed on the display screen 2. When the comparator results in I 0 ＜30mA，I＞I n ，T≤T set At this time, a "short circuit" is displayed on the display screen 2. When comparatorThe result is I 0 ＜30mA，I＜I n ，T＞T set When "overheat" is displayed on the display screen 2, the malfunction can be eliminated by replacing the switch (contact). When the comparator results in I 0 ＜30mA，I＞I n ，T＞T set When this is the case, an "overload" is displayed on the display screen 2, and the overload causes overheating.
Table 1: display principle of display screen 2
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art who is skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains will appreciate that the technical scheme and the inventive concept according to the present invention are equally substituted or changed within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1.一种家用智能开关漏保报警仪，其特征在于：由检测部分、中间元件部分、执行部分组成，主要包含以下步骤：1. A household smart switch leakage alarm, which is characterized by: consisting of a detection part, an intermediate component part, and an execution part, and mainly includes the following steps: S1：检测部分在零序互感器基础上添加了电流互感器、绝缘电阻测量装置、电压检测、温度传感器和定期自动试验漏电保护功能，并将检测到的漏电流运行参数显示；S1: The detection part adds a current transformer, insulation resistance measuring device, voltage detection, temperature sensor and regular automatic test leakage protection function based on the zero sequence transformer, and displays the detected leakage current operating parameters; S2：中间元件部分实现对零序信号、正序信号和温度信号的综合比较，将3种比较器输出结果输出给执行机构，通过3种信号的比较判断故障原因：①泄漏电流I0≥Iop时，为漏电故障；②I0<Iop，且测量的温度T＞Tset时：I<In即为过热故障，I＞In即为过载；③I0<Iop，温度T≤Tset电流互感器所测量的电流I＞In时为短路故障；④U＞Uu为过压故障；⑤U<Ud为欠压故障；⑥定期试验时刻未到时输出低电平，经非门后为高电平，这时只要漏电流I0≥Iop输出高电平至或门跳闸，定期试验时刻到时输出高电平，经非门后为低电平节点H，这时虽然漏电流I0≥Iop输出高电平节点G经与门禁止输出不跳闸，实现不停电自动测试漏保功能，告警信号逻辑根据节点G和H的电平判定漏电保护功能正常否，式中Iop为额定漏电动作电流，I工作电流，In为额定电流，Tset为正常工作温度的整定值，U为运行电压，Uu设定上限电压，Ud设定下限电压；S2: The intermediate component realizes comprehensive comparison of zero sequence signal, positive sequence signal and temperature signal, outputs the output results of the three comparators to the actuator, and determines the cause of the fault through the comparison of the three signals: ① Leakage current I 0 ≥ I op , it is a leakage fault; ②I 0 <I op , and the measured temperature T>T set : I<I n is an overheating fault, I>I n is an overload; ③I 0 <I op , the temperature T≤T When the current measured by the set current transformer I>I n is a short-circuit fault; ④U>U u is an overvoltage fault; ⑤U<U d is an undervoltage fault; ⑥When the periodic test time has not arrived, the output is low level and passes through the NOT gate. After that, it is high level. At this time, as long as the leakage current I 0 ≥ I op outputs high level until the OR gate trips. When the regular test time comes, it outputs high level. After passing through the NOT gate, it is low level node H. At this time, although the leakage current The current I 0 ≥ I op outputs high level node G and prohibits the output from tripping through the AND gate, realizing the leakage protection function of automatic testing without power outage. The alarm signal logic determines whether the leakage protection function is normal based on the levels of nodes G and H. In the formula I op is the rated leakage action current, I operating current, I n is the rated current, T set is the setting value of the normal operating temperature, U is the operating voltage, U u sets the upper limit voltage, and U d sets the lower limit voltage; S3：执行部分根据泄漏电流的比较信号决定是否开始存储泄漏电流数值，根据温度的比较信号判断装置是否存在有开关内温度异常情况，同时，在开关跳闸后，使绝缘电阻测量装置启动，测量对地绝缘，保存绝缘电阻测量数值,绝缘电阻Rx＝500*R/UR，其中UR为取样电压，R为取样定值电阻。S3: The execution part determines whether to start storing the leakage current value based on the comparison signal of leakage current, and determines whether there is abnormal temperature in the switch according to the comparison signal of temperature. At the same time, after the switch trips, the insulation resistance measuring device is started, and the measurement is correct. Ground insulation, save the insulation resistance measurement value, insulation resistance R x =500*R/ UR , where UR is the sampling voltage and R is the sampling fixed value resistance. 2.根据权利要求1所述的一种家用智能开关漏保报警仪，其特征在于：即在家庭配电箱中，检测机构测得：IL+IN＝I0；在三相四线制的家庭配电系统中，检测机构测得：IA+IB+IC+IPEN＝I0。I0表示零序电流互感器所测量的漏电流，漏电故障的判断：当线路及设备中绝缘降低较大时，会出现泄漏电流I0通过对地等效电阻进入大地，此时穿过零序回路的电流矢量和不为零，因此零序线圈会产生感应电压，保护器的脱扣机构将会动作，正常状态下，进出电流相等，I0＝0，零序线圈不产生感应电压，保护器的脱扣机构不动作。2. A household intelligent switch leakage protection alarm device according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the household distribution box, the detection mechanism measures: IL + I N = I 0 ; in the three-phase four-wire In the home power distribution system made by the manufacturer, the testing agency measured: I A +I B +I C +I PEN =I 0 . I 0 represents the leakage current measured by the zero-sequence current transformer. Judgment of leakage fault: When the insulation in lines and equipment is greatly reduced, the leakage current I 0 will enter the earth through the equivalent resistance to the ground. At this time, it passes through zero The current vector sum of the sequence loop is not zero, so the zero sequence coil will generate an induced voltage, and the tripping mechanism of the protector will operate. Under normal conditions, the incoming and outgoing currents are equal, I 0 = 0, and the zero sequence coil does not generate induced voltage. The tripping mechanism of the protector does not operate. 3.根据权利要求2所述的一种家用智能开关漏保报警仪，其特征在于：额定漏电动作电流Iop＝30mA，将泄漏电流值进行放大，将放大器的输出结果输入比较器。3. A household intelligent switch leakage protection alarm device according to claim 2, characterized in that: the rated leakage action current I op =30mA, the leakage current value is amplified, and the output result of the amplifier is input into the comparator. 4.根据权利要求3所述的一种家用智能开关漏保报警仪，其特征在于：当泄漏电流I0≥25mA，且I0<30mA时，存储器保存当前泄漏电流数值，并且在显示屏1上进行显示，漏保报警仪发出预警，设备正常工作；当I0≥30mA时，表示设备发生故障，将中间信号输出给执行信号，开关断路器跳闸并在显示屏2上显示“漏电”。4. A household intelligent switch leakage protection alarm device according to claim 3, characterized in that: when the leakage current I 0 ≥ 25mA and I 0 <30mA, the memory saves the current leakage current value and displays it on the display screen 1 It is displayed on the screen, the leakage alarm device issues an early warning, and the equipment works normally; when I 0 ≥ 30mA, it means that the equipment has failed, the intermediate signal is output to the execution signal, the switch circuit breaker trips and "leakage" is displayed on the display screen 2. 5.根据权利要求4所述的一种家用智能开关漏保报警仪，其特征在于：当I0<Iop，且工作电流I＞In时，温度T≤Tset为短路故障，开关跳闸并在显示屏2上显示“短路”。5. A household intelligent switch leakage protection alarm device according to claim 4, characterized in that: when I 0 <I op and the operating current I > In , the temperature T ≤ T set is a short circuit fault and the switch trips. And "short circuit" is displayed on display 2. 6.根据权利要求5所述的一种家用智能开关漏保报警仪，其特征在于：过热识别，并判断过热的原因，温度传感器所测量的温度为T，正常工作温度的整定值为Tset，T≤Tset时，执行机构不动作，继续进行温度检测，而当所测量的温度T＞Tset时，开始计时，当温度持续偏高，时长达到时限跳闸，当I0<Iop，且工作电流I＞In时，温度T＞Tset为判断为出现过载故障；当I0<Iop，且工作电流I<In时，温度T＞Tset为判断为过热故障，过热为开关触点多次拉弧导致接触不良引起的过热，属开关本体故障，需提醒用户及时更换开关，避免开关频繁跳闸。6. A household intelligent switch leakage alarm device according to claim 5, characterized in that: overheating is identified and the cause of overheating is determined. The temperature measured by the temperature sensor is T, and the setting value of the normal operating temperature is T set. , when T ≤ T set , the actuator does not act and continues to perform temperature detection. When the measured temperature T > T set , the timing starts. When the temperature continues to be high, the duration reaches the time limit and trips. When I 0 <I op , and When the working current I>I n , the temperature T>T set is judged to be an overload fault; when I 0 <I op , and the working current I<I n , the temperature T>T set is judged to be an overheating fault, and overheating is a switch Overheating caused by poor contact caused by repeated arcing of the contacts is a fault of the switch body. Users need to be reminded to replace the switch in time to avoid frequent tripping of the switch. 7.根据权利要求6所述的一种家用智能开关漏保报警仪，其特征在于：当检测装置检测到线路处于正常情况时，主开关不跳闸，而当主开关因故障而跳闸后继电器K动作，整流线路的开关闭合，线路2侧开关闭合短路，隔离故障线路后同时将电源侧电源经AC220V/DC500V隔离模块输出DC500V，当开关跳闸后，绝缘电阻测量装置动作，显示并保存绝缘电阻；在强送电前装置先自动测量绝缘，绝缘良好，装置自动送电，否则装置拒送并发告警。7. A household intelligent switch leakage protection alarm device according to claim 6, characterized in that: when the detection device detects that the line is in normal condition, the main switch does not trip, and when the main switch trips due to a fault, the relay K acts. , the switch of the rectifier line is closed, the switch on the 2nd side of the line is closed and short-circuited. After isolating the fault line, the power supply side is outputted to DC500V through the AC220V/DC500V isolation module. When the switch is tripped, the insulation resistance measuring device operates to display and save the insulation resistance; Before forcing power supply, the device automatically measures the insulation. If the insulation is good, the device will automatically send power. Otherwise, the device will refuse to send power and issue an alarm. 8.根据权利要求1所述的一种家用智能开关漏保报警仪，其特征在于：工作电压U大于设定的上限Uu为过压故障，当U小于设定的下限电压Ud为欠压故障，直接作用于跳闸。8. A household intelligent switch leakage protection alarm device according to claim 1, characterized in that: when the operating voltage U is greater than the set upper limit U u , it is an overvoltage fault, and when U is less than the set lower limit voltage U d , it is an undervoltage fault. Voltage fault, acts directly on tripping. 9.根据权利要求1所述的一种家用智能开关漏保报警仪，其特征在于：定期试验漏电保护功能，当试验时刻未到时输出低电平，经非门后为高电平，这时只要漏电流I0≥Iop输出高电平至或门跳闸，定期试验时刻到时输出高电平，经非门后为低电平节点H，这时虽然漏电流I0≥Iop输出高电平节点G经与门禁止输出不跳闸，告警信号逻辑根据节点G和H的电平判定漏电保护功能正常否，实现定期不停电自动测试漏保功能，正常与否在显示屏1上显示。9. A household intelligent switch leakage protection alarm device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the leakage protection function is tested regularly, and when the test time has not arrived, a low level is output, and after passing through the NOT gate, it is a high level. As long as the leakage current I 0 ≥I op outputs high level until the OR gate trips, when the periodic test time comes, it outputs high level, and after passing through the NOT gate, it is low level node H. At this time, although the leakage current I 0 ≥I op outputs The high-level node G prohibits the output and does not trip through the AND gate. The alarm signal logic determines whether the leakage protection function is normal based on the levels of nodes G and H. It realizes regular automatic testing of the leakage protection function without power outage. Whether it is normal or not is displayed on the display screen 1. . 10.根据权利要求9所述的一种家用智能开关漏保报警仪，其特征在于：识别过热故障，如果电流I<In，且I0<30mA，T＞Tset则判定为触点过热故障，作用跳闸，屏幕2显示“过热”,“过热”故障为开关本体触点多次拉弧导致接触不良引起的过热，需提醒用户及时更换继电器，避免继电器频繁跳闸；如果I>In且T＞Tset则判定为过载过热故障，作用跳闸，屏幕2显示“过载”。10. A household intelligent switch leakage protection alarm device according to claim 9, characterized in that: to identify overheating faults, if the current I<I n , and I 0 <30mA, T>T set , it is determined that the contact is overheated. Fault, function trip, screen 2 displays "overheat", the "overheat" fault is overheating caused by poor contact caused by multiple arcing of the switch body contacts. The user needs to be reminded to replace the relay in time to avoid frequent relay tripping; if I>I n and If T>T set , it is judged to be an overload or overheating fault, the function trips, and screen 2 displays "overload".
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